CN209858128U - Saturated vapor pressure measurement and critical phenomenon observation device - Google Patents
Saturated vapor pressure measurement and critical phenomenon observation device Download PDFInfo
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- CN209858128U CN209858128U CN201920824294.8U CN201920824294U CN209858128U CN 209858128 U CN209858128 U CN 209858128U CN 201920824294 U CN201920824294 U CN 201920824294U CN 209858128 U CN209858128 U CN 209858128U
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Abstract
A saturated vapor pressure measurement and critical phenomenon observation device comprises a metal container, wherein a cylindrical cavity is formed in the metal container, and observation windows are arranged at two ends of the cylindrical cavity; a fluid working medium is filled in the metal container, and a three-way valve communicated with the cylindrical cavity is arranged at the bottom of the metal container; semiconductor wafers are arranged on the other two opposite side walls of the metal container; the metal container is provided with a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor, the temperature sensor is also connected with a temperature controller, and the temperature controller is connected with the semiconductor wafer. The utility model discloses a cylindrical cavity has been seted up in metal container, and fluid medium is equipped with in the cavity, makes metal container directly as filling fluid medium's container, has further reduced heat transfer resistance for the speed of measuring saturated vapour pressure is extremely fast, measures every temperature point and only needs 2 ~ 5 minutes. The device has simple structure and convenient use.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a fluidic thermophysical property is measured, in particular to saturated vapor pressure measurement and critical phenomenon observation device can be used for the teaching of college physics chemistry, the relevant professional course experiment of thermodynamics, also can be used for the measurement of fluid working medium saturated vapor pressure, critical temperature and critical pressure in industry and the scientific research.
Background
Saturated vapor pressure is one of the most important thermophysical properties of fluid, and saturated vapor pressure data is one of the parameters which are obtained primarily in the field of energy and chemical industry, and has important significance for thermodynamic cycle, chemical process calculation and the like. The critical phenomenon refers to the special physical properties and phenomena of a substance in a critical state and the vicinity thereof, the liquid gas and liquid density at a critical point converge, the two-phase boundary disappears, and the critical opalescence phenomenon can appear. Actually observing the critical phenomenon plays an important role in correctly knowing and understanding the phase state and properties of the fluid.
The saturated vapor pressure measuring device can be used for scientific research and industrial process measurement, and can also be used for experimental teaching of physicochemical and thermodynamics related courses in colleges and universities. The scientific research measuring device has a complex structure, extremely high requirements on temperature and pressure measurement, very complicated operation steps and extremely high price. In the experimental teaching of domestic colleges and universities, the measuring device that uses is mostly glass instrument structure, and glass instrument is damaged more easily at the in-process of student's manual installation and operation, and the experimental apparatus structure is more complicated. The measuring device uses a traditional glass tube thermometer for measuring temperature and a U-shaped tube pressure gauge for measuring pressure, and the measuring method is relatively laggard. The pressure range which can be tested by the testing device cannot be higher than the local atmospheric pressure due to the pressure resistance limitation of the glass instrument. Scientific research and teaching experimental apparatus all generally use liquid constant temperature bath controlled temperature, and the structure is complicated to measuring device is bulky, thereby waits for the time that the temperature is stable very long, and most time is extravagant at the in-process that waits for the temperature to be stable in the experiment, makes inefficiency, and measured degree of automation is low. In addition, when the scientific research and teaching experimental device is filled with fluid, for working media with low boiling points, firstly, gas-phase fluid needs to be liquefied, collected and filled through dry ice or liquid nitrogen; for the working medium with high boiling point, the working medium needs to be cooled after being filled with the working medium, and then the working medium is vacuumized, so that the time is wasted, and the cost for purchasing dry ice or liquid nitrogen is also needed to be paid.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at providing a saturated vapor pressure is measured and critical phenomenon observation device.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following experimental scheme to realize:
a saturated vapor pressure measurement and critical phenomenon observation device comprises a metal container, wherein the metal container is cuboid, a cylindrical cavity is formed in the metal container, the cylindrical cavity is horizontally arranged, and observation windows are arranged at two ends of the cylindrical cavity; a fluid working medium is filled in the metal container, and a three-way valve communicated with the cylindrical cavity is arranged at the bottom of the metal container; semiconductor wafers are arranged on two side walls of the metal container; the metal container is provided with a pressure sensor for measuring the pressure of the fluid working medium and a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the fluid medium, the temperature sensor is also connected with a temperature controller, and the temperature controller is connected with the semiconductor wafer.
The utility model discloses further improvement lies in, threaded hole is opened at the metal container top, and pressure sensor's screw is twisted in the screw hole at metal container top.
The utility model discloses a further improvement lies in, and it has the round hole to open on the metal container, and temperature sensor inserts in the round hole.
The utility model discloses a further improvement lies in, and the observation window outside is provided with the clamping ring.
The utility model discloses a further improvement lies in, is provided with the sealing washer between observation window and the metal container.
The utility model discloses a further improvement lies in, every semiconductor wafer outside is installed the radiator.
The utility model discloses a further improvement lies in, installs the fan on the radiator.
The utility model discloses further improvement lies in that temperature controller and pressure measurement meter all link to each other with the computer.
The utility model discloses further improvement lies in, and the three-way valve still is connected with vacuum pump and fluid working medium storage tank.
The utility model discloses further improvement lies in, and the protection observation window is installed in the clamping ring outside.
The utility model discloses a further improvement lies in, and the material of metal container is aluminium, aluminum alloy or copper.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses following beneficial effect has:
1. the utility model discloses a cylindrical cavity has been seted up in metal container, and fluid medium is equipped with in the cavity, makes metal container directly as filling fluid medium's container, has further reduced heat transfer resistance for the speed of measuring saturated vapour pressure is extremely fast, measures every temperature point and only needs 2 ~ 5 minutes.
2. Has excellent critical opalescence observation function. The critical opalescence can be observed only in scientific research experiments, the critical opalescence observation needs more than 12 hours, the time from the beginning of temperature rise to the critical opalescence observation is only about 10 minutes, and the critical opalescence which is difficult to observe originally can be conveniently presented.
3. The device has a good function of measuring the saturated vapor pressure, the critical temperature and the critical pressure. Wherein, the measurement accuracy of the saturated vapor pressure is +/-3%, the measurement accuracy of the critical temperature is +/-1 ℃, and the measurement accuracy of the critical pressure is +/-3%, thus meeting the general engineering requirements.
4. The device has simple structure and convenient use. Can realize the refrigeration to the evacuation in the cylindrical cavity through the three-way valve, because the device is from taking the refrigeration function, consequently need not the external cold source that provides, can pour into the working medium liquefaction. The system only needs 1 three-way valve for vacuumizing and filling working medium, and the three-way valve is directly connected with the metal container, so that the system is very firm and reliable.
Furthermore, in the device, the pressure sensor is directly screwed into the metal container, so that the temperature gradient caused by heat dissipation of the pressure sensor is reduced.
Furthermore, the metal container is made of metal with high heat conductivity coefficient such as aluminum and copper, and the heat conductivity coefficient is high, so that the heat transfer speed is accelerated, and the temperature uniformity is enhanced. Therefore, the temperature sensor is directly inserted into the aluminum block without contacting with the fluid working medium, and the sealing between the fluid working medium and the temperature sensor is omitted.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of the structure of the device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the device of the present invention along the length direction of the cylindrical cavity.
The device comprises a metal container 1, a semiconductor wafer 2, a radiator 3, a fan 4, a protective observation window 5, a pressure sensor 6, a pressure measuring meter 7, a computer 8, a temperature controller 9, a vacuum pump 10, a fluid working medium 11, a three-way valve 12, a pressure ring 13, a bolt 14, a sealing ring 15, an observation window 16, a temperature sensor 17 and a fluid working medium storage tank 18.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Referring to fig. 1, the utility model provides a pair of high pressure explosion limit measuring device, including metal container 1, metal container 1 is the cuboid form, has seted up cylindrical cavity in the metal container, and cylindrical cavity level sets up, and observation window 16 is installed at the both ends of cylindrical cavity, refers to fig. 2, and the 16 outsides of observation window are provided with clamping ring 13, and clamping ring 13 is used for compressing tightly observation window 16 on metal container 1, is provided with sealing washer 15 between observation window 16 and the metal container 1. The fluid working medium 11 is arranged in the metal container 1, and the fluid working medium 11 in the metal container 1 can be observed through the observation window 16; the sealing ring 15 is pressed through the pressing ring 13, the fluid working medium 11 is sealed in the cylindrical cavity, and the sealing ring can prevent the fluid working medium 11 from flowing out. The bottom of the metal container 1 is provided with a three-way valve 12, and the cylindrical cavity is communicated with the three-way valve 12.
As can be seen from fig. 1 and 2, two observation windows 16 are disposed on two opposite side walls of the metal container 1, and two other opposite side walls of the metal container 1 are each provided with a semiconductor wafer 2, that is, each side wall is provided with a semiconductor wafer, and 2 semiconductor wafers in total; a heat sink 3 is mounted on the outer side of each semiconductor wafer 2, and a fan 4 is mounted on the heat sink 3. The upper part of the metal container 1 is provided with a threaded hole communicated with the cylindrical cavity, the top of the metal container 1 is provided with a threaded hole, and the threaded part of the pressure sensor 6 is screwed into the threaded hole at the top of the metal container 1. The pressure sensor 6 is also connected with a pressure measuring gauge 7.
Still install the temperature sensor 17 that is used for measuring fluid medium 11 temperature on the metal container 1, specifically, seted up the round hole on the metal container 1, temperature sensor 17 inserts in the round hole, and temperature sensor 17 is through contacting with metal container 1 to measure the temperature of metal container 1, and then obtain the temperature of fluid working medium 11, temperature sensor 17 does not contact with fluid working medium 11. The temperature sensor 17 is also connected with a temperature controller 9, and the temperature controller 9 and the pressure measuring meter 7 are both connected with the computer 8. The measured temperature and pressure values are displayed in real time by the computer 8.
The temperature controller 9 is also connected with the semiconductor wafer 2, and the temperature controller 9 controls the on-off of the semiconductor wafer 2 through a relay, so as to further realize the control of the temperature of the fluid medium 11.
The three-way valve 12 is further connected with the vacuum pump 10 and the fluid working medium storage tank 18, specifically, one outlet of the three-way valve 12 is connected with the vacuum pump 10, one outlet is connected with the fluid working medium storage tank 18, and the third outlet is communicated with the cylindrical cavity.
The metal container 1 is a measuring device body, a temperature measuring and controlling part is composed of a temperature sensor 17 and a temperature controller 9, a pressure measuring part is composed of a pressure sensor 6 and a pressure measuring meter 7, and a fluid working medium filling part is composed of a vacuum pump 10 and a fluid working medium storage tank 18.
The temperature measuring and controlling component comprises two semiconductor wafers 2 tightly attached to two sides of the metal container 1, a radiator 3 is installed on the outer side of each semiconductor wafer 2, and a fan 4 is installed on the radiator 3. The metal container 1 is provided with a temperature sensor 17, the temperature sensor 17 is used for measuring the temperature of the fluid working medium 11, the temperature sensor 17 is connected with a temperature controller 9, and the temperature controller 9 controls the on-off of the semiconductor wafer 2, so that the temperature of the fluid medium 11 is controlled. The temperature controller 9 is connected to the computer 8, and the measured temperature value is displayed by the computer 8 in real time.
The pressure measurement part comprises a pressure sensor 6 installed on the metal container 1, specifically, a threaded hole for installing the pressure sensor 6 is formed in the top of the metal container 1, the pressure sensor 6 is connected with a pressure measurement meter 7, the pressure measurement meter 7 is connected with a computer 8, and the computer 8 displays the measured pressure value in real time.
The fluid working medium filling part comprises a vacuum pump 10 and a fluid working medium storage tank 18, and the vacuum pump 10 and the fluid working medium storage tank 18 are both connected with a three-way valve 12.
The utility model discloses well metal container 1's material is the great aluminium of coefficient of heat conductivity, aluminum alloy or copper, for square or cuboid appearance, and the length of side is 40 ~ 100 mm. A cylindrical cavity for containing a fluid working medium to be detected is formed in the metal container 1, and the aperture is 20-70 mm.
The utility model discloses well metal container 1's front and back both sides wall is installed and is used for observing the observation window 16 of the fluid that awaits measuring, and observation window 16 is colorless transparent heat-resisting glass, quartz glass or polycarbonate material, especially when using the polycarbonate material, and the security of whole device under the high pressure will obtain the improvement of very big degree. The diameter of the observation window 16 is 30-80 mm, and the thickness is 10-20 mm.
The utility model discloses it is sealed through sealed the pad 15 between 16 and the metal container 1 to well observation window, and sealed pad 15 can be for the flat pad, and its material is polytetrafluoroethylene, silicon rubber, butadiene acrylonitrile rubber or fluororubber. The sealing gasket 15 may also be an O-ring made of silicone rubber, nitrile rubber or fluororubber. The metal container 1 is specifically an aluminum block, and a cylindrical cavity is formed in the aluminum block.
The utility model discloses in use clamping ring 13 to compress tightly observation window 16, and then compress tightly sealed pad 15 to the realization is sealed. The pressing ring 13 is connected with the aluminum block through the bolt 14, and the pressing effect is achieved. The pressing ring 13 is made of a metal material, preferably an aluminum alloy or stainless steel material, and has a thickness of 5-20 mm.
The utility model discloses well clamping ring 13 outside can select the installation to protect observation window 5, and protection observation window 5 first-selected polycarbonate material also can use quartz glass, toughened glass etc. and its thickness is 5 ~ 20 mm.
The utility model discloses well semiconductor wafer 2 is square, and the length of side is 40 ~ 100mm, should select for use as far as possible with the 1 length of side of metal container the most approximate size to the degree of consistency of 1 inside temperature of reinforcing metal container.
The heat radiator 3 in the utility model is a heat pipe heat exchanger or a fin heat exchanger; the temperature sensor 17 is a platinum resistor, a thermistor or a thermocouple; the temperature sensor 17 and the semiconductor wafer 2 are both connected with the temperature controller 9, the temperature controller 9 obtains the temperature of the fluid working medium 11 to be measured, and the temperature of the fluid working medium 11 to be measured is controlled by changing the circuit on-off and the current direction of the semiconductor wafer 2.
The device is very convenient for filling fluid working medium, and can realize filling only by one three-way valve 12. No extra equipment is needed for manufacturing the low-temperature environment, and no extra dry ice or liquid nitrogen is needed for purchasing. Only need at first to open refrigeration function, with the temperature of metal container 1 drop to being less than ambient temperature, the handle of rotatory three-way valve 12 with the cylindrical cavity intercommunication in vacuum pump 10 and the metal container 1, the evacuation, about 1 ~ 5 minutes back of evacuation, rotatory three-way valve 12 communicates fluid working medium storage tank 18 with the cylindrical cavity in the metal container 1, fluid working medium 11 can liquefy in the cylindrical cavity in the metal container 1 promptly, observe from observation window 16 that liquid fills volume reaches about half, close three-way valve 12, accomplish the appearance of advancing.
The utility model discloses well use temperature controller 9 with fluid working medium 11's temperature control to about near its critical temperature, through observation window 16 can be very clear observe fluid working medium 11's critical opalescence phenomenon. In the process of temperature rise, the phenomenon that the gas-liquid phase interface of the fluid working medium 11 becomes more and more fuzzy can be observed. When the temperature is raised to be higher than the critical temperature, the phenomenon that the fluid working medium 11 only has one phase state can be observed.
The measuring accuracy of the present invention is explained by the following embodiments, the metal container 1 is made of aluminum alloy, the size is 65 × 65 × 65mm, and the diameter of the cylindrical cavity for containing the fluid working medium therein is 35 mm; the semiconductor wafer 2 has a size of 60 × 60 mm; the radiator 3 is a finned heat exchanger; the observation window 16 is made of polycarbonate material, the diameter is 45mm, and the thickness is 10 mm; the compression ring 13 is made of aluminum alloy material, the outer diameter is 65mm, the inner diameter is 35mm, and the thickness is 10 mm; the protective observation window 5 is made of polycarbonate material, the diameter is 65mm, and the thickness is 10 mm; the temperature sensor 17 is a Pt100 platinum resistance thermometer; the experimentally measured fluid working substance 11 is refrigerant R125, and its critical temperature is 66.02 ℃.
When filling fluid, the semiconductor wafer 2 is started to reduce the temperature of the metal container 1 to 10 ℃, the vacuum pump 10 is started to vacuumize, then the refrigerant R125 is condensed and filled, and the three-way valve 12 is closed to stop filling when the filling amount is about half the height of the observation window. Changing the temperature of the temperature controller 9, carrying out saturated vapor pressure measurement at 10-60 ℃, and reading after the pressure is stable to obtain experimental data as shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 Experimental data
As can be seen from table 1 above, in the experiment, the saturated vapor pressure of R125 at 10-60 ℃ is measured, and the deviation is large at the lowest temperature and the highest temperature, but the maximum deviation is only 2.26%, and the remaining deviations do not exceed 2%, which indicates that the measurement accuracy of the device is good.
In addition, the temperature controller 9 is adjusted to raise the temperature of the fluid working medium at intervals of 0.1 ℃ above 64 ℃, when the temperature reaches 65.1 ℃, a very obvious critical opalescence phenomenon is observed, at the moment, because the heat dissipation effect of the fluid working medium on light is very strong, the yellow opalescence phenomenon appears in the fluid working medium, the temperature is continuously increased, and when the temperature reaches 65.6 ℃, the gas-liquid phase interface completely disappears. Because the critical temperature of R125 is 66.02 ℃, and the deviation from the actual value is not more than 1 ℃ when the critical temperature observed in experiments is 65.1-65.6 ℃, the result of the device for measuring the critical temperature is very accurate.
The utility model is used for survey the saturated vapor pressure of fluid working medium under specific temperature and observe its critical phenomenon. Through the optimal design of the heat transfer structure, the measurement speed is further improved, and in addition, the device has a very good function of observing the phenomena of unclear gas-liquid two phases and critical opalescence at the critical point.
The above shows the basic technical method and some embodiments of the present invention, showing the advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. The saturated vapor pressure measuring and critical phenomenon observing device is characterized by comprising a metal container (1), wherein the metal container (1) is cuboid, a cylindrical cavity is formed in the metal container (1), the cylindrical cavity is horizontally arranged, and two ends of the cylindrical cavity are provided with observation windows (16); a fluid working medium (11) is arranged in the metal container (1), and a three-way valve (12) communicated with the cylindrical cavity is arranged at the bottom of the metal container (1); semiconductor wafers (2) are arranged on two side walls of the metal container (1); the metal container (1) is provided with a pressure sensor (6) for measuring the pressure of the fluid working medium (11) and a temperature sensor (17) for measuring the temperature of the fluid working medium (11), the temperature sensor (17) is also connected with a temperature controller (9), and the temperature controller (9) is connected with the semiconductor wafer (2).
2. A saturated vapour pressure measuring and critical phenomena observing device according to claim 1, characterized in that outside the observation window (16) a pressure ring (13) is provided.
3. The saturated vapor pressure measurement and critical phenomenon observation device according to claim 1, wherein a seal ring (15) is provided between the observation window (16) and the metal container (1).
4. A saturated vapor pressure measuring and critical phenomenon observing device according to claim 1, characterized in that a heat sink (3) is installed outside each semiconductor chip (2), and a fan (4) is installed on the heat sink (3).
5. The saturated vapor pressure measuring and critical phenomenon observing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the top of the metal container (1) is provided with a threaded hole, and the thread of the pressure sensor (6) is screwed into the threaded hole on the top of the metal container (1).
6. The saturated vapor pressure measuring and critical phenomenon observing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal container (1) is provided with a circular hole, and the temperature sensor (17) is inserted into the circular hole.
7. A saturated vapour pressure measuring and critical phenomena observing device according to claim 1, characterized in that both the temperature controller (9) and the pressure gauge (7) are connected to the computer (8).
8. A saturated vapour pressure measuring and critical phenomena observing device according to claim 1, characterized in that said three-way valve (12) is also connected to a vacuum pump (10) and to a fluid working medium storage tank (18).
9. A saturated vapour pressure measuring and critical phenomena observing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the outside of the compression ring (13) is equipped with a protective observation window (5).
10. The saturated vapor pressure measuring and critical phenomenon observing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the metal container (1) is aluminum, aluminum alloy or copper.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201920824294.8U CN209858128U (en) | 2019-06-03 | 2019-06-03 | Saturated vapor pressure measurement and critical phenomenon observation device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201920824294.8U CN209858128U (en) | 2019-06-03 | 2019-06-03 | Saturated vapor pressure measurement and critical phenomenon observation device |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN209858128U true CN209858128U (en) | 2019-12-27 |
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| CN201920824294.8U Active CN209858128U (en) | 2019-06-03 | 2019-06-03 | Saturated vapor pressure measurement and critical phenomenon observation device |
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