CN209821142U - Forest mountain soil normal position fire analogue test device - Google Patents
Forest mountain soil normal position fire analogue test device Download PDFInfo
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- CN209821142U CN209821142U CN201920240596.0U CN201920240596U CN209821142U CN 209821142 U CN209821142 U CN 209821142U CN 201920240596 U CN201920240596 U CN 201920240596U CN 209821142 U CN209821142 U CN 209821142U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a forest mountain region soil normal position fire analogue test device provides a can measure the test device that the soil physics of the different degree of depth and water nature property index change under the different fire intensity at scene normal position, and test device includes the triplex: the lower part is a detection system, the middle part is a fire simulation system, and the upper part is a rainfall simulation system. The utility model is convenient to install, use and measure, can carry out in-situ burning tests with different burning temperatures and durations and in-situ rainfall simulation tests with different rainfall intensities and durations of soil after burning while ensuring the minimum disturbance of the original soil structure, and realizes real-time measurement of the temperature and the moisture content change in the burning process of different depth soil and the moisture content and the pore water pressure change in the rainfall simulation process of different depth soil after burning; meanwhile, the corresponding parts can be properly disassembled, and the device is convenient to carry and has high popularization value in the aspects of disaster mechanism and prevention and treatment research of the debris flow after fire.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a test technical field of mechanism and prevention and cure research that the mud-rock flow became disaster after the fire, concretely relates to forest mountain soil normal position fire analogue test device.
Background
The post-fire debris flow refers to debris flow which is generated near a burning spot after a forest fire occurs and is closely related to the forest fire, and the post-fire debris flow can occur at the burning spot which usually has a high probability after the forest fire occurs. Compared with the non-fire debris flow, the source starting is closely related to the physical and water characteristics change caused by the high-temperature roasting of the forest soil in the vegetation burning process. Due to the uncertainty of forest fire occurrence, the existing field test means are difficult to monitor the change conditions of physical and hydraulic characteristics of soil in the fire process, so that the research on the soil fire simulation test for changing the soil properties by forest fire is very important. However, at present, the existing fire simulation test equipment still has some defects:
first, most of the existing burning simulation test devices are limited to remolded soil burning test devices developed indoors, which are difficult to be applied to burning tests of undisturbed soil developed on site, and the test devices burning with open fire account for a small amount, so that a large test error exists.
Secondly, the existing burning simulation test device is difficult to realize the experimental study of controllable burning temperature and duration.
Thirdly, the existing burning simulation test device is difficult to monitor the temperature and the moisture content change of soil at different depths in the burning process in real time.
Fourth, current burning analog test device, its indoor test yardstick is less, receives the influence of size effect great, and the original state soil sample degree of difficulty is big, leads to the test sample quantity not enough usually.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model provides a forest mountain region soil normal position fire analogue test device burns through burning the soil property change of burning the back to the original state soil by the fire and carries out the pertinence research.
For solving the technical problem, the utility model discloses the technical scheme who adopts does:
a forest mountain soil in-situ fire simulation test device comprises a detection system, a fire simulation system and a rainfall simulation system which are sequentially connected from bottom to top;
the detection system comprises a cylindrical lower case for containing the test soil core, and the cylindrical lower case is bottomless and uncovered; a plurality of preset small holes are formed in the side wall of the cylindrical lower case, and probes of the sensor penetrate through the preset small holes and then are arranged inside the cylindrical lower case;
the fire simulation system comprises a cylindrical upper case, the cylindrical upper case is bottomless and uncovered, and the cylindrical upper case and the cylindrical lower case are coaxially arranged; the annular air pipe is arranged at the lower part of the inner part of the cylindrical upper case, and a plurality of fire-spraying heads capable of spraying fire are uniformly arranged on the annular air pipe;
the rainfall simulation system comprises a case top cover arranged at the top of a cylindrical upper case; the top cover of the case is provided with a ventilation opening and a water sprayer.
According to the scheme, the preset small holes are arranged on the side wall of the cylindrical lower case in multiple layers from bottom to top; each layer of preset small holes are positioned at the same horizontal height and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the cylindrical lower case, and the distance between every two adjacent layers of preset small holes is equal; the sensors comprise a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and a pore water pressure sensor; and a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and a pore water pressure sensor are arranged in each layer of preset pore.
Furthermore, nine preset small holes are arranged on each layer; the temperature sensors, the humidity sensors and the pore water pressure sensors are respectively arranged in three preset small holes in each layer, and the temperature sensors, the humidity sensors and the pore water pressure sensors are uniformly arranged in the preset small holes in each layer at intervals; three sensors of the same type are respectively arranged at the axle center of the cylindrical lower case, the radius of 1/2 of the cylindrical lower case and the position close to the inner wall in the cylindrical lower case.
According to the scheme, the number of the annular air pipes is three, and the annular air pipes are sequentially arranged at the lower part of the inner part of the cylindrical upper case at intervals from bottom to top; each annular air pipe is uniformly provided with a plurality of flame projecting heads; the three annular gas pipes are connected with the liquefied gas tank.
Further, the liquefied gas tank is provided with an oil pressure gauge; and an electronic lighter is arranged at the flame-spraying head and is communicated with an ignition button arranged on the outer wall of the cylindrical upper case through an insulated wire.
According to the scheme, a cylindrical asbestos heat insulation layer is arranged in the cylindrical upper box; the annular air pipe is arranged between the asbestos heat insulation layer and the cylindrical upper case, and the fire spraying head of the annular air pipe is arranged towards the axis after penetrating through the asbestos heat insulation layer.
According to the scheme, a water injection interface of the water sprayer is connected to a small water pump in the water tank through the outside of a water pipe, and a flowmeter is arranged in the water pipe; the dc battery pack serves as a water pump power supply.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are that: the device is convenient to install, use and measure, can perform in-situ burning tests of the forest mountain land soil with different burning temperatures and durations and larger scale while ensuring the minimum disturbance of the undisturbed soil structure, and can realize real-time measurement of the temperature and water content changes of the soil with different depths in the burning process; the utility model is matched with a rainfall simulation system, can carry out in-situ rainfall simulation on the baked original soil, and realizes that the water content and the pore water pressure change of the soil with different depths can be measured in real time in the rainfall simulation process; after the burning test, a fresh burning ridging sample can be obtained in time for testing other physical indexes of the burning ridging through an indoor soil test; the corresponding parts can be properly disassembled, and the device is convenient to carry and has high popularization value in the aspects of disaster mechanism and prevention and treatment research of the debris flow after fire.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic top view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the detection system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a middle fire simulation system according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the rainfall simulation system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description will be made in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the reference numerals are given by way of illustration: the device comprises a cylindrical lower case 11, a preset small hole 12, a test soil core 13, a temperature sensor 141, a humidity sensor 142, a pore water pressure sensor 143, peripheral soil 15, a cylindrical upper case 21, a gas pipe connector 22, a flame projecting head 23, a liquefied gas tank 24, an ignition button 251, an insulated wire 252, an electronic igniter 253, an annular gas pipe 26, an asbestos heat-insulating layer 27, a water sprayer 31, a case top cover 32, a ventilation opening 33, a handle 34 and a water injection connector 35.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the utility model discloses mainly include detecting system, burning analog system and rainfall analog system that from the bottom up set gradually.
As shown in fig. 3, the detection system includes a cylindrical lower casing 11, a test soil core 13, and a sensor. The cylindrical lower case 11 has no bottom and no cover, and the lower edge of the cylindrical lower case is provided with a blade-shaped structure so as to be convenient for inserting into soil; a circle of preset small holes 12 are circumferentially arranged on the side surface of the sensor at intervals of 1cm in the vertical direction so as to facilitate the insertion of probes of the sensor; the upper edge of the cylinder is thickened and the outer side of the cylinder wall is provided with a thread structure. The cylindrical lower case 11 has a cylindrical test soil core 13 inside, and the probe of the sensor is inserted into the test soil core 13. The sensors in the detection system include a temperature sensor 141, a humidity sensor 142, and a pore water pressure sensor 143. The probes of the sensor are inserted horizontally along preset small holes 12 at different heights on the side surface of the cylindrical lower case 11 in a layered manner. Three sensors of different types, namely a temperature sensor 141, a humidity sensor 142 and a pore water pressure sensor 143 are respectively inserted into each layer of preset small holes 12. Three sensors of the same type are respectively arranged at the axle center of the cylindrical lower case 11, the radius 1/2 of the cylindrical lower case 11 and the position close to the inner wall in the cylindrical lower case 11, namely, the probes of the sensors are uniformly distributed in the test soil core 13.
As shown in fig. 4, the fire simulation system includes a cylindrical upper case 21, an asbestos insulation layer 27, a liquefied gas tank 24, a gas pipe joint 22, an annular gas pipe 26, a flame projecting head 23, an insulated wire 251, and an electronic igniter 252. The upper cylindrical case 21 has no bottom, and the inner side of the lower edge cylinder wall is provided with a matched thread structure matched with the outer side of the cylinder wall of the lower cylindrical case 11, so that the upper cylindrical case and the lower cylindrical case are convenient to spirally assemble. A ring of asbestos heat insulation layer 27 is arranged on the inner wall of the cylindrical upper case 21, three layers of annular air pipes 26 made of high-temperature resistant materials are fixedly arranged between the asbestos heat insulation layer 27 and the cylindrical upper case 21 and close to the bottom from bottom to top, and a plurality of flame-throwing heads 23 and an air pipe connector 22 are uniformly connected to each layer of annular air pipe 26. An ignition button 251 is provided on the outer wall of the cylindrical upper casing 21. 8 flame nozzles 23 are connected in series on an annular air pipe 26 in the fire simulation system at equal intervals and simultaneously point to the central axis of the upper cylindrical case 21, so that flames are horizontally and uniformly distributed on a certain plane in the inner space of the upper cylindrical case 21. The end of the flame-projecting head 23 is provided with an electronic igniter 253 which is connected to the ignition control button 251 of the outer wall of the case through an insulated wire 252 so as to facilitate ignition. One end of the gas pipe joint 22 is connected with an annular gas pipe 26, the other end of the gas pipe joint is connected with a liquefied gas tank 24 with an oil pressure meter, and the gas pipe joints 22 with different heights on the outer wall of the cylindrical upper case 21 are connected through the liquefied gas tank 24 so as to control different burning test temperatures. The asbestos heat insulation layer 27 is arranged in the upper cylindrical case 21, so that the influence of high temperature on the annular air pipe 26 and the upper cylindrical case 21 in a test can be reduced to a certain extent. Before the test, each layer of annular air pipe 26 is arranged at the height of the lower edge of the cylindrical upper case 21, the burning test with different preset burning temperatures can be carried out through installing a temperature sensor on the earth surface to adjust, and the earth surface temperature formed by flame combustion can be very conveniently and accurately controlled by adjusting the air pressure of the liquefied gas tank 24 in the test.
As shown in fig. 5, the rainfall simulation system includes a transparent glass fiber reinforced plastic enclosure top cover 32 disposed on the top of the cylindrical upper enclosure 21. The cabinet top 32 is provided with two vents 33. The upper surface of the top cover 32 of the case is provided with a handle 34, the inner surface is provided with a controllable flow shower type simulation water sprayer 31, a water injection port 35 of the water sprayer 31 is connected to a small water pump in the water tank through the outside of a water pipe, and a flowmeter is arranged in the water pipe. The shower-shaped water sprayer 31 in the rainfall simulation system is connected with a water pipe provided with a flow meter, the water pipe is externally connected with a low-power water pump in a small water tank, and a direct-current battery pack serves as a water pump power supply. The output power of the water pump can be very conveniently and accurately controlled by controlling the access group number of the direct-current power supply battery pack of the water pump, so that the rainfall intensity in the rainfall simulation test is controlled.
The test method using the in-situ burning simulation test device for the forest mountain soil comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a test point with relatively flat ground in the field, and hammering the cylindrical lower case 11 into the ground until the upper edge of the cylindrical lower case 11 is parallel to the ground surface. Then, earth is dug along the outer side of the cylindrical lower case 11, a circle of annular gully (about 10cm wide, which is convenient for the arrangement of sensors) is dug until the outer side surface of the cylindrical lower case 11 is completely exposed, and the test soil core 13 inside the cylindrical lower case 11 is isolated from the surrounding soil 15.
S2, along the preset small holes 12 on the outer side of the cylindrical lower case 11, firstly digging holes, then horizontally inserting the temperature sensor 141, the humidity sensor 142 and the pore water pressure sensor 143, and layering and uniformly distributing the probes of the sensors in the test soil core 13 to prepare the detection system.
S3, the upper cylindrical case 21 is spirally connected with the lower cylindrical case 11, the liquefied gas tank 24 is connected with a group of gas pipe joints 22 of annular flame throwers 23 at a preset height in the upper cylindrical case 21, the liquefied gas is adjusted to a preset gas pressure, and the fire simulation system is ready.
And S4, opening a valve of the liquefied gas tank 24 and simultaneously opening the ignition button 25, and starting a combustion test. In the test, the temperature sensor 141 and the humidity sensor 142 can record the temperature and the change of the water content value of the tested soil core 13 at different soil depths in the whole test process in real time.
And S5, after the fire is burnt for the preset time, closing the valve of the liquefied gas tank 24. Standing for a period of time, and starting a rainfall simulation system when the temperature of the soil core 13 to be tested is reduced to normal temperature (the indoor test sampling can be carried out by directly sampling in the test soil through a standard cutting ring after the upper cylindrical upper case 21 is removed). The humidity sensor 142 and the pore water pressure sensor 143 can record the moisture content and the change of the pore water pressure values at different depths in the test soil core 13 in real time in the whole test process.
S6, adjusting the gas pipe head of the liquefied gas tank 24 to connect with the gas pipe joints 22 with different heights on the inner wall of the cylindrical upper case 21, adjusting the burning time, and repeating the operations S1-S4 to test the soil property changes of different burning depths under different burning temperatures and different burning durations.
And S7, adjusting the access group number and the power-on duration of the direct-current power supply battery pack for controlling the water pump, and repeating the operations of S1-S5 to test the soil property change of the test soil core 13 at different soil depths under different rainfall intensities and different rainfall times after burning.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a forest mountain soil normal position burning analogue test device which characterized in that: the fire disaster detection system comprises a detection system, a fire simulation system and a rainfall simulation system which are sequentially connected from bottom to top;
the detection system comprises a cylindrical lower case (11) for containing the test soil core 13, wherein the cylindrical lower case (11) has no bottom and no cover; a plurality of preset small holes (12) are formed in the side wall of the cylindrical lower case (11), and probes of the sensor penetrate through the preset small holes (12) and then are arranged inside the cylindrical lower case (11);
the fire simulation system comprises a cylindrical upper case (21), the cylindrical upper case (21) has no bottom and no cover, and the cylindrical upper case (21) and the cylindrical lower case (11) are coaxially arranged; the annular air pipe (26) is arranged at the lower part of the inner part of the cylindrical upper case (21), and a plurality of fire-spraying heads (23) capable of spraying fire are uniformly arranged on the annular air pipe (26);
the rainfall simulation system comprises a case top cover (32) arranged on the top of a cylindrical upper case (21); the top cover (32) of the case is provided with a ventilation opening (33) and a water sprayer (31).
2. The in-situ combustion simulation test device for forest mountain soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the preset small holes (12) are arranged on the side wall of the cylindrical lower case (11) in a multi-layer mode from bottom to top; each layer of preset small holes (12) are positioned at the same horizontal height and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the cylindrical lower case (11), and the distance between every two adjacent layers of preset small holes (12) is equal; the sensors comprise a temperature sensor (141), a humidity sensor (142) and a pore water pressure sensor (143); and a temperature sensor (141), a humidity sensor (142) and a pore water pressure sensor (143) are arranged in each layer of preset pore (12).
3. The in-situ combustion simulation test device for forest mountain soil as claimed in claim 2, wherein: nine preset small holes (12) are arranged on each layer; the temperature sensors (141), the humidity sensors (142) and the pore water pressure sensors (143) are respectively arranged in three layers of the preset small holes (12), and the temperature sensors (141), the humidity sensors (142) and the pore water pressure sensors (143) are uniformly arranged in the preset small holes (12) at intervals; three sensors of the same type are respectively arranged at the axle center of the cylindrical lower case (11), the radius 1/2 of the cylindrical lower case (11) and the position close to the inner wall in the cylindrical lower case (11).
4. The in-situ combustion simulation test device for forest mountain soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the annular air pipes (26) are three in number and are sequentially arranged at the lower part of the inner part of the cylindrical upper case (21) at intervals from bottom to top; a plurality of flame-throwing heads (23) are uniformly arranged on each annular air pipe (26); the three annular gas pipes (26) are all connected with the liquefied gas tank (24).
5. The in-situ combustion simulation test device for forest mountain soil as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the liquefied gas tank (24) is provided with an oil pressure meter; an electronic igniter (253) is arranged at the position of the flame projecting head (23), and the electronic igniter (253) is communicated with an ignition button (251) arranged on the outer wall of the cylindrical upper case (21) through an insulated lead (252).
6. The in-situ combustion simulation test device for forest mountain soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a cylindrical asbestos heat insulation layer (27) is arranged in the cylindrical upper case (21); the annular air pipe (26) is arranged between the asbestos heat insulation layer (27) and the cylindrical upper case (21), and the flame projecting head (23) of the annular air pipe (26) penetrates through the asbestos heat insulation layer (27) and then points to the axis.
7. The in-situ combustion simulation test device for forest mountain soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a water injection connector (35) of the water sprayer (31) is connected to a small water pump in the water tank through the outside of a water pipe, and a flowmeter is arranged in the water pipe; the dc battery pack serves as a water pump power supply.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201920240596.0U CN209821142U (en) | 2019-02-26 | 2019-02-26 | Forest mountain soil normal position fire analogue test device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201920240596.0U CN209821142U (en) | 2019-02-26 | 2019-02-26 | Forest mountain soil normal position fire analogue test device |
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| CN209821142U true CN209821142U (en) | 2019-12-20 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109613171A (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-04-12 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of forest mountain soil original position baked wheaten cake simulation test device and its test method |
| CN113101588A (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2021-07-13 | 山东钰涛消防科技有限公司 | Intelligent fire monitor detector |
-
2019
- 2019-02-26 CN CN201920240596.0U patent/CN209821142U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109613171A (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-04-12 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of forest mountain soil original position baked wheaten cake simulation test device and its test method |
| CN113101588A (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2021-07-13 | 山东钰涛消防科技有限公司 | Intelligent fire monitor detector |
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