CN209783495U - Device for measuring surface crack depth of mining subsidence area - Google Patents

Abstract

the utility model relates to the technical field of measurement test, and discloses a device for measuring the surface crack depth of an exploitation subsidence area, which comprises a measuring frame and measuring units respectively positioned at two sides of the measuring frame; the measuring unit comprises a measuring shaft which is horizontally and slidably connected with the measuring frame and longitudinally penetrates through the measuring frame, a supporting shaft which is tangent to the measuring shaft and has a circular cross section, the supporting shaft is positioned on one side of the measuring shaft far away from the center of the measuring frame, the supporting shaft is connected with a power part fixed on the measuring frame, and the supporting shaft is horizontally and slidably connected with the measuring frame. The utility model discloses simple structure conveniently measures the fissured degree of depth in earth's surface.

Description

device for measuring surface crack depth of mining subsidence area

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a measure test technical field, concretely relates to exploitation subsidence area earth's surface crack depth measuring device.

Background

the exploitation of a great deal of underground mineral resources forms a large-area underground goaf, so that the overlying rock stratum is moved and damaged, and the ground surface is sunk in a large area, which is called as an exploitation sunk area in the profession.

The surface of the mining subsidence area is affected by tensile deformation and may generate cracks, and the depth and width of the cracks are related to the thickness and properties of the unconsolidated formation. If the loose layer is clay with high plasticity, when the surface tensile deformation value exceeds 6-10 mm/m, cracks appear on the surface; when the loose layer is sandy clay or clayey sand with small plasticity, the surface tensile deformation value exceeds 2-3 mm/m, and cracks can be generated on the surface. When the mining depth and the mining thickness ratio are smaller, cracks vertical to the propelling direction may appear on the earth surface in front of the propelling working face, the shape of the earth surface cracks is wedge-shaped, the opening is large, the cracks are reduced along with the increase of the depth, and the cracks are sharpened to a certain depth.

in order to research the influence of the depth of the surface crack on the building, the depth of the crack in the mining subsidence area needs to be measured, at present, geological exploration methods are mainly adopted for measuring the depth of the surface crack in the mining subsidence area, and include a magnetotelluric sounding method, a transient rayleigh wave, seismic mapping and the like, the methods are high in cost, particularly, a detected instrument is expensive, data processing is complex, a detection result needs to be analyzed by professional experience, and meanwhile, the detection precision is greatly influenced by a peripheral physical magnetic field.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model provides a exploitation subsidence area earth's surface crack degree of depth measuring device is anticipated to reduce the exploitation subsidence area earth's surface crack degree of depth measuring degree of difficulty, practice thrift the measurement cost.

In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides a following technical scheme: a device for measuring the depth of a surface crack in a mining subsidence area comprises a measuring frame and measuring units respectively positioned on two sides of the measuring frame; the measuring unit comprises a measuring shaft which is horizontally and slidably connected with the measuring frame and longitudinally penetrates through the measuring frame, a supporting shaft which is tangent to the measuring shaft and has a circular cross section, the supporting shaft is positioned on one side of the measuring shaft far away from the center of the measuring frame, the supporting shaft is connected with a power part fixed on the measuring frame, and the supporting shaft is horizontally and slidably connected with the measuring frame.

The utility model discloses a principle and beneficial effect: the cross section of a ground surface crack formed in the mining subsidence area is generally wedge-shaped, the depth of the ground surface crack is 5-20 m, and the measurement cost is high by using the existing earth electromagnetic sounding method, transient Rayleigh waves, seismic mapping and the like. Through research, the applicant uses two measuring shafts to extend into the ground surface crack along the inclined planes on the two sides of the ground surface crack respectively, and uses the two measuring shafts and the measuring frame component to form a wedge shape similar to the ground surface crack, and then manually measures the included angle (inner included angle) between the two measuring shafts and the measuring frame, referring to the attached figure 5, and then the formula is shown:

h is tan α tan β · d/(tan α + tan β), and the depth of the surface fracture can be calculated as accurately as possible. Compared with the geodetic electromagnetic sounding method, the transient Rayleigh wave and earthquake mapping measurement modes, the scheme can avoid the detection precision from being influenced by the surrounding physical magnetic field through a direct measurement mode, and simultaneously overcomes the problem of complex detection data processing. The scheme has lower manufacturing cost, and compared with an expensive detecting instrument, the scheme has lower manufacturing cost, thereby saving the measuring cost.

Furthermore, the device also comprises two auxiliary measuring shafts positioned between the two measuring shafts. The two auxiliary measuring shafts can extrude the measuring shafts, so that the measuring shafts are abutted to the inclined plane of the ground surface crack, and the wedges of the two measuring shafts and the measuring frame are consistent with the wedge of the ground surface crack as much as possible.

Furthermore, the measuring shaft and the auxiliary measuring shaft respectively comprise a hollow upper shaft and a hollow lower shaft, a driving piece is fixed at the upper end of the upper shaft, a screw fixedly connected with the driving piece is arranged in the upper shaft, the lower shaft is in threaded connection with the screw, and the lower shaft is connected with a limiting shaft vertically and slidably connected with the upper shaft. The driving piece drives the screw rod, and the limiting shaft carries out the next position on the lower shaft, so that a structure similar to a screw rod is formed. When the screw rod rotates, the screw rod drives the lower shaft to slide downwards, so that the lengths of the measuring shaft and the auxiliary measuring shaft are prolonged.

Further, a limiting block is fixed at the bottom of the measuring frame. The limiting block can extend into soil to achieve the purpose of fixing the measuring frame, so that the device is stable during measurement.

Furthermore, the cross section of the limiting block is conical. Compared with a limiting block with a square or rectangular cross section, the conical shape is easier to extend into soil.

Furthermore, the periphery cover of vice measuring spindle is equipped with spacing. The limiting frame limits the auxiliary measuring shaft to enhance the stability of the auxiliary measuring shaft.

Furthermore, the device also comprises a pulling part positioned on two sides of the measuring frame, the pulling part is positioned on one side of the measuring shaft far away from the auxiliary measuring shaft, and the pulling part is connected with the measuring frame. The measuring shaft is pulled by the pulling piece so as to reduce manual operation.

Furthermore, a button switch is arranged on the lower shaft of one of the measuring shafts, the button switch is electrically connected with the driving piece, and the button switch controls the driving piece to be opened or closed. When two measuring shafts offset, one of them measuring shaft can extrude button switch, and button switch can control the driving piece and close, so reduce the operation that operating personnel closed the motor.

further, the cross section of the lower end of the lower shaft of the measuring shaft is conical. When the measuring shaft slides downwards along the inclined edge of the ground surface crack, the lower shaft with the conical cross section can push away impurities such as stones protruding out of the inclined surface, and therefore the measuring shaft can be attached to the inclined surface as much as possible.

Further, still include the bevel protractor with survey frame releasable connection. And measuring the angles of the measuring shaft and the measuring frame through the angle ruler. The angle ruler is installed on the measuring rack, and is convenient for operators to take.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is an axial view of a measuring stand according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a front partial sectional view of a device for measuring the surface crack depth of an exploitation subsidence area in the first embodiment of the invention;

fig. 3 is a top view of a surface crack depth measuring device in an exploitation subsidence area according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a front partial sectional view of a surface crack depth measuring device in a mining subsidence area according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a cross section of a surface fracture in a mining subsidence area according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:

Reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: the device comprises a measuring frame 1, a measuring shaft 2, an auxiliary measuring shaft 3, a single-phase motor 4, a sliding chute 5, a sliding shaft 6, a hydraulic cylinder 7, a supporting shaft 8, a lower shaft 9, a screw rod 10, a lower end point 11, a limiting block 13, a limiting frame 14, a roller 15 and a pull rope 16.

The first embodiment is as follows:

As shown in attached fig. 1 and 2, the device for measuring the surface fracture depth of the mining subsidence area comprises a measuring frame 1 and measuring units respectively arranged at two sides of the measuring frame 1.

as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the measuring rack 1 is provided with sliding grooves 5 on both sides perpendicular to the paper surface. The measuring unit comprises a measuring shaft 2 which is horizontally connected with the measuring frame 1 in a sliding mode and penetrates through the measuring frame 1 along the longitudinal direction, and a supporting shaft 8 which is tangent to the measuring shaft 2 and is circular in cross section. Specifically, the measuring shaft 2 is welded with a sliding shaft 6 with a circular cross section, and the sliding shaft 6 extends into the sliding groove 5 to be horizontally connected with the sliding groove 5 in a sliding manner, so that the purpose that the measuring shaft 2 can horizontally slide along the sliding groove 5 is achieved. The supporting shaft 8 is positioned on one side of the measuring shaft 2 away from the center of the measuring frame 1, and the supporting shaft 8 is tangent to the measuring shaft 2. One side of the supporting shaft 8, which is far away from the measuring shaft 2, is provided with a power part, the power part is any one of an air cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder and a screw rod, in this embodiment, the hydraulic cylinder 7, and the hydraulic cylinder 7 is fastened on the measuring frame 1 through a fastening bolt. Be provided with the through-hole on the output shaft of pneumatic cylinder 7, in the through-hole was stretched into to back shaft 8 to use the pin to pass the through-hole with the chucking of back shaft 8 in the through-hole, so reach pneumatic cylinder 7's output shaft and back shaft 8 fixed connection's purpose. The supporting shaft 8 can horizontally slide in the sliding groove 5, and the measuring shaft 2 can rotate in the sliding groove 5 through the sliding shaft 6.

The device is characterized by further comprising two auxiliary measuring shafts 3 positioned between the two measuring shafts 2, each of the measuring shafts 2 and the auxiliary measuring shafts 3 comprises a hollow upper shaft and a hollow lower shaft 9, driving pieces are fixed at the upper ends of the upper shafts and are any one of servo motors, stepping motors, single-phase motors 4 or variable frequency motors, and the driving pieces are the single-phase motors 4 in the embodiment. The upper shaft is internally provided with a screw rod 10 welded with the output shaft of the single-phase motor 4, the lower end of the screw rod 10 extends into the lower shaft 9, and the screw rod 10 is in threaded connection with the lower shaft 9. The periphery of the auxiliary measuring shaft 3 is sleeved with a limiting frame 14 with a rectangular cross section, and the cross section of the lower shaft 9 of the measuring shaft 2 is conical. The upper shaft is provided with a slideway, and the lower shaft 9 is welded with a limit shaft extending into the slideway. When the single-phase motor 4 drives the screw rod 10 to rotate, the lower shaft 9 is limited through the limiting shaft, so that the lower shaft 9 cannot synchronously rotate with the screw rod 10, and the screw rod 10 drives the lower shaft 9 to slide downwards.

Still include the bevel protractor of dismantling the connection with measuring rack 1, specifically be: a groove is arranged in the measuring frame 1, and the angle ruler is placed in the groove to achieve the purpose of detachable connection. The brand of the angle ruler is as follows: stauli Starrett, model number: C183.

In order to fix a position the measuring rack 1, the bottom of the two sides of the measuring rack 1 are welded with the limiting blocks 13, and the cross sections of the limiting blocks 13 are conical.

The specific implementation process is as follows:

The measuring frame 1 is horizontally placed at the opening of the ground surface crack, the limiting block 13 is inserted into the ground surface, the measuring frame 1 is fixed in this way, and the measuring shaft 2 and the auxiliary measuring shaft 3 extend into the ground surface crack. According to the width slip back shaft 8 of earth's surface crack opening, specifically, as shown in fig. 2, start pneumatic cylinder 7, left side pneumatic cylinder 7 drives left side back shaft 8 and slides to the left side, and right side pneumatic cylinder 7 drives right side back shaft 8 and slides to the right side, and manual removal left side measuring axle 2 is tangent with left side back shaft 8 again, and the measurement of removal right side is tangent with right side back shaft 8.

Rotate left measuring shaft 2 along back shaft 8, and make left measuring shaft 2 paste with the cracked inclined plane of earth's surface mutually, and start single phase motor 4 on the measuring shaft 2 of left side, single phase motor 4 drives screw rod 10 and rotates, screw rod 10 drives the extension of the lower shaft 9 of left side measuring shaft 2 and extends to the cracked lower extreme point 11 of earth's surface shown in figure 5, close the single phase motor 4 on the measuring shaft 2 of seat this moment, in the extension process of the lower shaft 9 of left side measuring shaft 2, the cross section can be the protruding depths that push away the earth's surface crack on the inclined plane of earth's surface for conical lower shaft 9, so paste with the cracked inclined plane of earth's surface mutually in order to guarantee left measuring shaft 2. And then moving the left auxiliary measuring shaft 3, starting the single-phase motor 4 on the left auxiliary measuring shaft 3, driving the lower shaft 9 of the left auxiliary measuring shaft 3 to extend downwards and abut against the left measuring shaft 2 through the screw rod 10 by the single-phase motor 4, and thus enabling the left measuring shaft 2 to be attached to the inclined surface of the ground surface crack. According to the principle, the right measuring shaft 2 reaches the lower end point 11 of the ground surface crack and offsets with the right measuring shaft 2.

Make measuring device construct a shape similar to the surface crack as shown in figure 5 through above work, so operating personnel can measure the contained angle alpha of left measuring spindle 2 and measuring frame 1 through the angle scale to measure the contained angle beta of right measuring spindle 2 and measuring frame 1 through the angle scale, then use the scale of angle scale own to measure the width d of surface crack, will measure the numerical value of contained angle alpha and the numerical value of contained angle beta and the numerical value substitution formula of the width d of surface crack: in this way, the depth h of the surface fracture can be specifically calculated. After the measurement is finished, the single-phase motor 4 is started to drive the screw rod 10 to rotate reversely, and the screw rod 10 drives the lower shaft 9 to reset.

Example two:

The difference from the first embodiment is that, as shown in fig. 4, a push switch is provided on the lower shaft 9 of the left measuring shaft 2, and the push switch is fixed to the right wall of the left measuring shaft 2 by a screw.

According to the principle of the first embodiment, when the left measuring shaft 2 and the right measuring shaft 2 are controlled to extend to the lower end point 11 as shown in fig. 5, the right measuring shaft 2 will press the push switch, and the push switch will control all the single-phase motors 4 to turn off, so that the manual operation steps on the single-phase motors 4 can be reduced.

As shown in fig. 4, the two sides of the measuring rack 1 are further provided with pulling members, in this embodiment, the pulling members include a roller 15 and a pulling rope 16 wound on the roller 15, and one end of the pulling rope 16 is fixed on the measuring shaft 2. When the measuring shaft 2 needs to rotate, the two measuring shafts 2 are directly pulled manually, so that the rotating angle of the measuring shaft 2 is not easy to adjust. In this embodiment, the roller 15 is rotated to wind the pull rope 16 on the roller 15, so that the distance from the roller 15 to the measuring shaft 2 is shortened, and at this time, the pull rope 16 drives the measuring shaft 2 to rotate by supporting the supporting shaft 8. The rotation angle of the measuring shaft 2 is controlled by the rotation stroke of the roller 15, so that the measuring shaft 2 can rotate to be attached to the inclined surface of the ground surface crack shown in the attached drawing 5.

the above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The technology, shape and construction parts which are not described in the present invention are all known technology.

Claims (10)

1. Exploitation subsidence area earth's surface crack degree of depth measuring device which characterized in that: comprises a measuring frame and measuring units respectively positioned at two sides of the measuring frame; the measuring unit comprises a measuring shaft which is horizontally and slidably connected with the measuring frame and longitudinally penetrates through the measuring frame, a supporting shaft which is tangent to the measuring shaft and has a circular cross section, the supporting shaft is positioned on one side of the measuring shaft far away from the center of the measuring frame, the supporting shaft is connected with a power part fixed on the measuring frame, and the supporting shaft is horizontally and slidably connected with the measuring frame.

2. The mining subsidence area surface fracture depth measurement device of claim 1, wherein: and the device also comprises two auxiliary measuring shafts positioned between the two measuring shafts.

3. The mining subsidence area surface fracture depth measurement device of claim 2, wherein: the measuring shaft and the auxiliary measuring shaft respectively comprise a hollow upper shaft and a hollow lower shaft, a driving piece is fixed at the upper end of the upper shaft, a screw fixedly connected with the driving piece is arranged in the upper shaft, the lower shaft is in threaded connection with the screw, and the lower shaft is connected with a limiting shaft vertically and slidably connected with the upper shaft.

4. The mining subsidence area surface fracture depth measurement device of claim 1, wherein: and a limiting block is fixed at the bottom of the measuring frame.

5. the mining subsidence area surface fracture depth measurement device of claim 4, wherein: the cross section of the limiting block is conical.

6. The mining subsidence area surface fracture depth measurement device of claim 3, wherein: the periphery cover of vice measuring spindle is equipped with spacing.

7. The mining subsidence area ground surface fracture depth measuring device of any one of claims 1-6, wherein: the device also comprises pulling parts positioned on two sides of the measuring frame, the pulling parts are positioned on one side of the measuring shaft far away from the auxiliary measuring shaft, and the pulling parts are connected with the measuring frame.

8. The mining subsidence area surface fracture depth measurement device of claim 7, wherein: the lower shaft of one of the measuring shafts is provided with a button switch, the button switch is electrically connected with the driving piece, and the button switch controls the driving piece to be opened or closed.

9. the mining subsidence area surface fracture depth measurement device of claim 8, wherein: the cross section of the lower end of the lower shaft of the measuring shaft is conical.

10. The mining subsidence area surface fracture depth measurement device of claim 9, wherein: still include with the bevel protractor of measuring frame releasable connection.