CN209764866U - A water and soil conservation monitoring runoff simulation device - Google Patents
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Abstract
本实用新型是一种水土保持监测径流模拟装置，涉及水土保持监测技术领域，包括供水管、计量控制装置和径流模拟管；所述计量控制装置包括计量水管，计量水管上安装有流速控制阀、流量表和流速表；所述径流模拟管两端封闭，径流模拟管在同一水平线上间隔均匀的开设有若干等孔径的出流孔；所述供水管一端与供水设备连接，另一端与计量水管连接，计量水管的另一端与径流模拟管连接。本实用新型能够准确模拟对应降雨强度时径流小区产生的径流状态，且结构简单，成本低，操作简便，为水土保持监测提供更精准的观测数据。
The utility model relates to a water and soil conservation monitoring runoff simulation device, which relates to the technical field of water and soil conservation monitoring, and includes a water supply pipe, a metering control device and a runoff simulation pipe; the metering control device includes a metering water pipe, on which a flow rate control valve, Flow meter and velocity meter; both ends of the runoff simulation pipe are closed, and a number of outflow holes of equal diameter are evenly spaced in the runoff simulation pipe on the same horizontal line; one end of the water supply pipe is connected to the water supply equipment, and the other end is connected to the metering water pipe The other end of the metering water pipe is connected to the runoff simulation pipe. The utility model can accurately simulate the runoff state generated by the runoff area when the rainfall intensity is corresponding, and has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and easy operation, and provides more accurate observation data for water and soil conservation monitoring.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及水土保持监测技术领域，尤其是一种水土保持监测径流模拟装置。The utility model relates to the technical field of soil and water conservation monitoring, in particular to a runoff simulation device for soil and water conservation monitoring.
背景技术Background technique
做好水土保持监测是生态文明建设和生态环境保护工作的一项重要基础工作，径流是水分平衡中的重要分量，也是土壤水蚀的动力，所以对其的研究无论对于水土保持还是农业生产都是十分重要的。然而等待天然降雨耗时费力，观测周期长，难以取得规律性的有效数据，现在随着人类活动的影响，植被、土壤都在 不断的发生变化，水文学研究仍在做着人工降水径流实验。 通过使用人工模拟降雨装置，就可克服上述缺点，缩短试验周期，加速土壤侵蚀规律研究的过程，已成为该领域不可或缺的重要手段，自20世纪 20年代以来已经在世界范围内得到广泛应用。使用人工模拟降雨装置进行试验的主要特点在于：(1)减少径流小区设备和装置设备投资；(2) 节约试验经费，加快试验进程。现有的科研试验用模拟径流装置有很多种，但是普遍具有以下缺点： (1)由于模拟降雨装置的零部件体积都较为庞大，且采取固定连接，所以保存、搬运和使用都十分不便；(2)模拟降雨过程中，常常由于水面液体压力作用，造成降雨不顺畅且不均匀；（3）模拟精度不高。Doing a good job in soil and water conservation monitoring is an important basic task for the construction of ecological civilization and the protection of the ecological environment. Runoff is an important component of water balance and the driving force of soil water erosion. Therefore, research on it is important for both water and soil conservation and agricultural production. very important. However, waiting for natural rainfall is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the observation period is long, so it is difficult to obtain regular and effective data. Now, with the influence of human activities, vegetation and soil are constantly changing, and hydrological research is still doing artificial precipitation runoff experiments. By using artificial rainfall simulation devices, the above shortcomings can be overcome, the test period can be shortened, and the process of soil erosion law research can be accelerated. It has become an indispensable and important means in this field and has been widely used worldwide since the 1920s. . The main characteristics of using the artificial simulated rainfall device for the test are: (1) reduce the investment in equipment and equipment in runoff plots; (2) save test funds and speed up the test process. There are many kinds of simulated runoff devices for scientific research and experiments, but they generally have the following disadvantages: (1) Since the parts of the simulated rainfall devices are relatively large in size and fixedly connected, it is very inconvenient to store, carry and use; 2) In the process of simulating rainfall, often due to the liquid pressure on the water surface, the rainfall is not smooth and uneven; (3) The simulation accuracy is not high.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本实用新型要解决的技术问题在于针对现有技术的不足，提供一种模拟精度高，结构简单，成本低，操作简便的水土保持监测径流模拟装置。The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a water and soil conservation monitoring runoff simulation device with high simulation accuracy, simple structure, low cost and easy operation for the deficiencies of the prior art.
本实用新型要解决的技术问题是通过以下技术方案来实现的，本实用新型是一种水土保持监测径流模拟装置，其特点是：包括供水管、计量控制装置和径流模拟管；The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions. The utility model is a soil and water conservation monitoring runoff simulation device, which is characterized in that it includes a water supply pipe, a metering control device and a runoff simulation tube;
所述计量控制装置包括计量水管，计量水管上安装有流速控制阀、流量表和流速表；The metering control device includes a metering water pipe, and a flow rate control valve, a flow meter and a flow rate meter are installed on the metering water pipe;
所述径流模拟管两端封闭，径流模拟管在同一水平线上间隔均匀的开设有若干等孔径的出流孔；Both ends of the runoff simulation pipe are closed, and the runoff simulation pipe is evenly spaced with a number of outlet holes with equal apertures on the same horizontal line;
所述供水管一端与供水设备连接，另一端与计量水管连接，计量水管的另一端与径流模拟管连接。One end of the water supply pipe is connected to the water supply equipment, the other end is connected to the water metering pipe, and the other end of the water metering pipe is connected to the runoff simulation pipe.
本实用新型要解决的技术问题还可以通过以下技术方案来进一步实现，以上所述的水土保持监测径流模拟装置中：所述供水设备为城镇自来水、压力罐或离心泵等有压水供水设施设备。The technical problem to be solved by the utility model can also be further realized through the following technical solutions. In the above-mentioned soil and water conservation monitoring runoff simulation device: the water supply equipment is pressurized water supply facilities such as urban tap water, pressure tanks or centrifugal pumps. .
本实用新型要解决的技术问题还可以通过以下技术方案来进一步实现，以上所述的水土保持监测径流模拟装置中：所述径流模拟管为两根径流短管，两根径流短管等长，且在同一水平线上横向并列设置。The technical problem to be solved by the utility model can also be further realized through the following technical solutions. In the above-mentioned soil and water conservation monitoring runoff simulation device: the runoff simulation pipe is two short runoff pipes, and the two short runoff pipes are equal in length. And horizontally arranged side by side on the same horizontal line.
本实用新型要解决的技术问题还可以通过以下技术方案来进一步实现，以上所述的水土保持监测径流模拟装置中：所述两根径流短管通过三通接头与计量水管一端垂直连接，两根径流短管的另一端安装有管帽封闭。The technical problem to be solved by the utility model can also be further realized through the following technical solutions. In the above-mentioned soil and water conservation monitoring runoff simulation device: the two runoff short pipes are vertically connected with one end of the metering water pipe through a three-way joint, and two The other end of the runoff short pipe is fitted with a pipe cap for closure.
本实用新型要解决的技术问题还可以通过以下技术方案来进一步实现，以上所述的水土保持监测径流模拟装置中：所述两根径流短管总长小于或等于径流小区集流槽的长度。The technical problem to be solved by the utility model can also be further realized by the following technical solutions. In the above-mentioned soil and water conservation monitoring runoff simulation device: the total length of the two runoff short pipes is less than or equal to the length of the runoff area collecting tank.
本实用新型要解决的技术问题还可以通过以下技术方案来进一步实现，以上所述的水土保持监测径流模拟装置中：所述两根径流短管总长等于径流小区集流槽的长度。The technical problem to be solved by the utility model can be further realized by the following technical solutions. In the above-mentioned soil and water conservation monitoring runoff simulation device: the total length of the two runoff short pipes is equal to the length of the runoff sub-district collecting tank.
本实用新型要解决的技术问题还可以通过以下技术方案来进一步实现，以上所述的水土保持监测径流模拟装置中：所述计量水管与供水管之间通过活接头可拆卸连接，供水管上安装有供水阀。The technical problems to be solved by the utility model can be further realized through the following technical solutions. In the above-mentioned soil and water conservation monitoring runoff simulation device: the metering water pipe and the water supply pipe are detachably connected through a joint, and the water supply pipe is installed There is a water supply valve.
本实用新型要解决的技术问题还可以通过以下技术方案来进一步实现，以上所述的水土保持监测径流模拟装置中：所述流量表选用可置零的数字流量表。The technical problem to be solved by the utility model can be further realized through the following technical solutions. In the above-mentioned soil and water conservation monitoring runoff simulation device: the flow meter is a digital flow meter that can be set to zero.
本实用新型要解决的技术问题还可以通过以下技术方案来进一步实现，以上所述的水土保持监测径流模拟装置中：所述流速表选用数字流速表。The technical problem to be solved by the utility model can be further realized through the following technical solutions, in the above-mentioned soil and water conservation monitoring runoff simulation device: the flow rate meter is a digital flow rate meter.
本实用新型在使用时，将径流模拟管沿着径流小区的集流槽的长边并以出流孔朝下的方式固定在集流槽内侧壁的上部，使用步骤如下：When the utility model is in use, the runoff simulation tube is fixed on the upper part of the inner side wall of the runoff tank along the long side of the runoff sub-district and with the outlet hole facing downward, and the usage steps are as follows:
（1）将供水管与计量水管拆卸连接，打开供水阀，待供水管流出水且水流稳定后关闭供水阀，再将供水管与计量水管恢复连接，这样可以避免供水初期因供水管内聚存较多空气导致水压、水流不稳等状况所带来的不便于快速调整流速，影响测定精确度的缺陷；(1) Disassemble and connect the water supply pipe and the metering water pipe, open the water supply valve, close the water supply valve after the water supply pipe flows out and the water flow is stable, and then restore the connection between the water supply pipe and the metering water pipe. Too much air leads to water pressure, unstable water flow and other conditions, which are inconvenient to quickly adjust the flow rate and affect the accuracy of the measurement;
（2）打开供水阀，调节流速控制阀，使流速表上的流速调至或接近设定值V；(2) Open the water supply valve and adjust the flow rate control valve so that the flow rate on the flow rate meter is adjusted to or close to the set value V;
所述流速的设定值根据降雨强度确定，流速的设定值按照以下公式计算：The set value of the flow rate is determined according to the rainfall intensity, and the set value of the flow rate is calculated according to the following formula:
V为模拟径流流速，单位：m3/hV is simulated runoff velocity, unit: m 3 /h
P24为不同降雨强度的24小时降雨量，单位：mmP 24 is the 24-hour rainfall of different rainfall intensities, unit: mm
S为径流小区面积，单位：m2；S is the runoff plot area, unit: m 2 ;
（3）供水管中的水经计量水管流至径流模拟管，再从径流模拟管的若干个出流孔中流出，模拟对应降雨强度时径流小区产生的径流状态；(3) The water in the water supply pipe flows through the metering water pipe to the runoff simulation pipe, and then flows out from several outlet holes of the runoff simulation pipe, simulating the runoff state generated by the runoff area when the rainfall intensity is corresponding;
（4）记录流量表上的初值和终值，作差可得总径流量，模拟的径流流入径流小区的集流槽中，由集流槽汇集到下一级量水设备中，用于水土保持监测试验。(4) Record the initial value and final value on the flow meter, and make a difference to obtain the total runoff. The simulated runoff flows into the collecting tank of the runoff area, and is collected by the collecting tank into the next-level water measuring equipment for use in Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring Test.
与现有技术相比，本实用新型的有益效果是：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:
（1）通过在同一水平方向上设置开设有若干等高的且孔径相等的出流孔的径流模拟管，并向径流模拟管内供水，再根据降雨强度调节相应的流速，可以模拟大气降雨时径流小区的径流状态；(1) By setting up runoff simulation pipes with several outflow holes of equal height and equal diameter in the same horizontal direction, and supplying water to the runoff simulation pipes, and then adjusting the corresponding flow velocity according to the rainfall intensity, the runoff during atmospheric rainfall can be simulated The runoff status of the district;
（2）通过在计量水管上安装流速控制阀，又采用精准的数字流量表和数字流速表，能够快速、精确的控制出水量，按照不同的降雨强度调节对应的流速，能够精准的模拟雨强，为水土保持监测相关工作提供精准的观测结果；(2) By installing a flow rate control valve on the metering water pipe, and using precise digital flow meters and digital flow rate meters, the water output can be quickly and accurately controlled, and the corresponding flow rate can be adjusted according to different rainfall intensities, which can accurately simulate the rain intensity , to provide accurate observation results for soil and water conservation monitoring related work;
（3）该装置整体结构简单，体积小，灵活性高，占地面积小，成本低，操作简便，模拟精度高，应用前景广阔，降低监测劳动强度，提高水土保持监测的准确性。(3) The overall structure of the device is simple, small in size, high in flexibility, small in floor space, low in cost, easy to operate, high in simulation accuracy, has broad application prospects, reduces monitoring labor intensity, and improves the accuracy of water and soil conservation monitoring.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本实用新型的一种结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of the utility model;
图2为本实用新型应用时的安装示意图。Fig. 2 is the installation schematic diagram when the utility model is applied.
图中：1.供水管，2.供水阀，3.流速表，4.流量表，5.流速控制阀，6.三通接头，7.径流模拟管，8.出流孔，9.管帽。In the figure: 1. Water supply pipe, 2. Water supply valve, 3. Velocity meter, 4. Flow meter, 5. Velocity control valve, 6. Tee joint, 7. Runoff simulation pipe, 8. Outflow hole, 9. Pipe cap.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下进一步描述本实用新型的具体技术方案，以便于本领域的技术人员进一步地理解本实用新型，而不构成对其权利的限制。The specific technical solutions of the utility model are further described below, so that those skilled in the art can further understand the utility model, without limiting the rights thereof.
【实施例1】【Example 1】
参照图1，一种水土保持监测径流模拟装置，包括供水管1、计量控制装置和径流模拟管7；Referring to Fig. 1, a runoff simulation device for soil and water conservation monitoring includes a water supply pipe 1, a metering control device and a runoff simulation pipe 7;
所述计量控制装置包括计量水管，计量水管上安装有流速控制阀5、流量表4和流速表3；The metering control device includes a metering water pipe, and a flow rate control valve 5, a flow meter 4 and a flow rate meter 3 are installed on the metering water pipe;
所述径流模拟管7两端封闭，径流模拟管7在同一水平线上每间隔5cm开设有若干等孔径的出流孔8，孔径为4mm；径流模拟管7横向设置在集流槽内；径流模拟管7为两根径流短管，两根径流短管等长，通过三通对接，并通过三通接头6与计量水管一端垂直连接，两根径流短管的另一端安装有管帽9封闭；径流模拟管7总长等于径流小区的集流槽的长度。Both ends of the runoff simulation pipe 7 are closed, and the runoff simulation pipe 7 is provided with a number of outlet holes 8 with equal apertures at intervals of 5 cm on the same horizontal line, and the aperture is 4 mm; the runoff simulation pipe 7 is horizontally arranged in the collecting tank; the runoff simulation The pipe 7 is two runoff short pipes, the two runoff short pipes are equal in length, they are connected by a tee, and are vertically connected to one end of the metering water pipe through the tee joint 6, and the other ends of the two runoff short pipes are closed by a cap 9; The total length of the runoff simulation pipe 7 is equal to the length of the collecting tank of the runoff sub-district.
所述供水管1一端与供水设备连接，另一端与计量水管连接，计量水管的另一端与径流模拟管7连接；One end of the water supply pipe 1 is connected to the water supply equipment, the other end is connected to the metering water pipe, and the other end of the metering water pipe is connected to the runoff simulation pipe 7;
所述供水设备为城镇自来水、压力罐或离心泵等有压水供水设施设备。The water supply equipment is pressurized water supply facilities and equipment such as urban tap water, pressure tanks or centrifugal pumps.
所述计量水管与供水管1之间通过活接头套接，供水管1上安装有供水阀2。The metering water pipe and the water supply pipe 1 are socketed through a joint, and a water supply valve 2 is installed on the water supply pipe 1 .
所述流量表4选用可置零的数字流量表4，可置零的流量表4操作和计算简便。The flow meter 4 is a digital flow meter 4 that can be set to zero, and the flow meter 4 that can be set to zero is easy to operate and calculate.
所述流速表3选用数字数速表3，便于调节流速。Described flow meter 3 selects digital speed meter 3 for use, is convenient to regulate flow velocity.
参考图2，在使用时，将径流模拟管以出流孔朝下的方式安装在集流槽内侧壁的上部且紧贴集流槽内壁，使用步骤如下：Referring to Figure 2, when in use, install the runoff simulation tube on the upper part of the inner wall of the collecting tank with the outlet hole facing down and close to the inner wall of the collecting tank. The usage steps are as follows:
（1）将供水管与计量水管拆卸连接，打开供水阀，待供水管流出水且水流稳定后关闭供水阀，再将供水管与计量水管恢复连接，这样可以避免供水初期因供水管内聚存较多空气导致水压、水流不稳等状况所带来的不便于快速调整流速，影响测定精确度的缺陷。(1) Disassemble and connect the water supply pipe and the metering water pipe, open the water supply valve, close the water supply valve after the water supply pipe flows out and the water flow is stable, and then restore the connection between the water supply pipe and the metering water pipe. Too much air leads to water pressure, unstable water flow and other conditions, which are inconvenient to quickly adjust the flow rate and affect the accuracy of the measurement.
（2）打开供水阀，调节流速控制阀5，使流速表上的流速调整至设定值V；(2) Open the water supply valve, adjust the flow rate control valve 5, and adjust the flow rate on the flow rate meter to the set value V;
所述流速的设定值根据降雨强度确定，流速的设定值按照以下公式计算：The set value of the flow velocity is determined according to the rainfall intensity, and the set value of the flow velocity is calculated according to the following formula:
V为模拟径流流速，单位：m3/hV is simulated runoff velocity, unit: m 3 /h
P24为不同降雨强度的24小时降雨量，单位：mmP 24 is the 24-hour rainfall of different rainfall intensities, unit: mm
S为径流小区面积，单位：m2；S is the runoff plot area, unit: m 2 ;
（3）供水管中的水经计量水管流至径流模拟管，再从径流模拟管的若干个出流孔中流出，模拟对应降雨强度时径流小区产生的径流状态；(3) The water in the water supply pipe flows through the metering water pipe to the runoff simulation pipe, and then flows out from several outlet holes of the runoff simulation pipe, simulating the runoff state generated by the runoff area when the rainfall intensity is corresponding;
（4）记录流量表上的初值和终值，作差可得总径流量，模拟的径流流入径流小区的集流槽中，由集流槽汇集到下一级量水设备中，用于水土保持监测试验。(4) Record the initial value and final value on the flow meter, and make a difference to obtain the total runoff. The simulated runoff flows into the collecting tank of the runoff area, and is collected by the collecting tank into the next-level water measuring equipment for use in Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring Test.
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| CN201920445134.2U Expired - Fee Related CN209764866U (en) | 2019-04-03 | 2019-04-03 | A water and soil conservation monitoring runoff simulation device |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN209764866U (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112881084A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-06-01 | 江苏省水文水资源勘测局泰州分局 | Water and soil conservation runoff sediment sampling equipment |
-
2019
- 2019-04-03 CN CN201920445134.2U patent/CN209764866U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112881084A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-06-01 | 江苏省水文水资源勘测局泰州分局 | Water and soil conservation runoff sediment sampling equipment |
| CN112881084B (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2022-06-28 | 江苏省水文水资源勘测局泰州分局 | A kind of soil and water conservation runoff sediment sampling equipment |
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| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20191210 |