CN110249878A - A light rain strong cold fog type artificial rainfall simulation device and its application method - Google Patents
A light rain strong cold fog type artificial rainfall simulation device and its application method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
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Abstract
本申请公开了一种小雨强冷雾式人工降雨模拟装置及其使用方法，涉及水利工程技术领域，包括：储水箱，储水箱上口端设置一水雾回收幕房，水雾回收幕房的下口插入所述储水箱上口，水雾回收幕房的顶部设置有冷雾式喷头，储水箱内设置有水泵，冷雾式喷头与水泵的出水口相连通，水泵与人工降雨控制设备电连接；水雾回收幕房与储水箱之间设置供试样品槽，供试样品槽的第一端设置有径流输出装置，供试样品槽的第一端与水雾回收幕房活动连接，供试样品槽的第二端与储水箱活动连接。通过冷雾式喷头可以实现小水量的喷洒，喷洒出的水除了进入到供试样品槽中以外，其余的沿着水雾回收幕房回流至储水箱内。与传统人工降雨先比相比，室内定量测量结果更加精确。
This application discloses a light rain strong cold fog type artificial rainfall simulation device and its use method, which relate to the technical field of water conservancy engineering, including: a water storage tank, a water mist recovery curtain room is installed at the upper end of the water storage tank, and the water mist recovery curtain room The lower port is inserted into the upper port of the water storage tank, and the top of the water mist recovery curtain room is provided with a cold mist nozzle, and a water pump is arranged in the water storage tank, and the cold mist nozzle is connected with the water outlet of the water pump, and the water pump is connected with the artificial rainfall control equipment. connection; the test sample tank is set between the water mist recovery curtain room and the water storage tank, the first end of the test sample tank is provided with a runoff output device, and the first end of the test sample tank is flexibly connected with the water mist recovery curtain room for supplying The second end of the sample tank is flexibly connected with the water storage tank. A small amount of water can be sprayed through the cold mist nozzle, and the sprayed water enters the test sample tank, and the rest flows back to the water storage tank along the water mist recovery curtain room. Compared with the traditional artificial rainfall comparison, the indoor quantitative measurement results are more accurate.
Description
技术领域technical field
本申请涉及水利工程技术领域，具体涉及一种小雨强冷雾式人工降雨模拟装置及其使用方法。The application relates to the technical field of water conservancy engineering, in particular to a light rain strong cold fog type artificial rainfall simulation device and its use method.
背景技术Background technique
由于自然条件下的降雨多存在不确定性、偶然性和不稳定性等特征，给水土保持试验研究带来了诸如研究周期较长、信息干扰大等限制，加快人工模拟降雨装置的开发研究迫在眉睫。Due to the characteristics of uncertainty, chance and instability in rainfall under natural conditions, it brings limitations such as long research period and large information interference to soil and water conservation experimental research. It is imminent to accelerate the development and research of artificial rainfall simulation devices.
人工模拟降雨装置是一种有效的水土保持研究试验装置，通过营造包含降雨量、降雨强度、降雨历时等重要因素的降雨环境，可以定量开展不同下垫面区域内的土壤侵蚀、产流产沙、非点源污染和水文特征等方面的机理研究。传统技术中大多数人工模拟降雨装置以人工模拟降雨大厅形式呈现，占地面积较大，喷头多使用喷洒式或侧喷式，导致理论降雨量与实践降雨量有一定差距，而且最小可设置降雨强度多约为30mm/h左右。The artificial simulated rainfall device is an effective experimental device for soil and water conservation research. By creating a rainfall environment that includes important factors such as rainfall, rainfall intensity, and rainfall duration, it can quantitatively carry out soil erosion, runoff and sediment production, and Mechanism research on non-point source pollution and hydrological characteristics. Most of the artificial rainfall simulation devices in the traditional technology are presented in the form of artificial rainfall simulation halls, which cover a large area, and the sprinkler heads are mostly sprayed or side sprayed, resulting in a certain gap between the theoretical rainfall and the actual rainfall, and the minimum rainfall can be set The strength is mostly about 30mm/h.
对于天然降雨而言，降雨强度多在0mm/h-3mm/h之间，因此，传统人工模拟降雨大厅在一定程度上，并不能较好的模拟自然中常见小降雨强度的环境，从而使得降雨产流产沙、地被物水文效应等方面的室内定量结果不精确。For natural rainfall, the rainfall intensity is mostly between 0mm/h-3mm/h. Therefore, to a certain extent, the traditional artificial rainfall simulation hall cannot better simulate the environment of small rainfall intensity in nature, so that the rainfall The indoor quantitative results of runoff and sediment production, ground cover hydrological effects, etc. are not accurate.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本申请为了解决上述技术问题，提出了如下技术方案：In order to solve the above technical problems, the application proposes the following technical solutions:
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种小雨强冷雾式人工降雨模拟装置，包括：储水箱，所述储水箱上口端设置一水雾回收幕房，所述水雾回收幕房的下口插入所述储水箱上口，所述水雾回收幕房的顶部设置有冷雾式喷头，所述储水箱内设置有水泵，所述冷雾式喷头与所述水泵的出水口相连通，所述水泵与人工降雨控制设备电连接；所述水雾回收幕房与所述储水箱之间设置供试样品槽，所述供试样品槽的第一端设置有径流输出装置，所述供试样品槽的第一端与所述水雾回收幕房活动连接，所述供试样品槽的第二端与所述储水箱活动连接。In the first aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides a light rain strong cold fog type artificial rainfall simulation device, including: a water storage tank, a water mist recovery curtain room is arranged at the upper end of the water storage tank, and the water mist recovery curtain room The lower port is inserted into the upper port of the water storage tank, and the top of the water mist recovery curtain room is provided with a cold mist nozzle, and a water pump is arranged in the water storage tank, and the cold mist nozzle is connected with the water outlet of the water pump , the water pump is electrically connected to the artificial rainfall control equipment; a test sample tank is set between the water mist recovery curtain room and the water storage tank, and a runoff output device is provided at the first end of the test sample tank, and the The first end of the test sample tank is movably connected with the water mist recovery curtain room, and the second end of the test sample tank is movably connected with the water storage tank.
采用上述实现方式，通过冷雾式喷头可以实现小水量的喷洒，而且喷洒出的水除了进入到供试样品槽中以外，其余的还会沿着水雾回收幕房回流至储水箱内。因此，采用上述装置可实现人工条件下的小雨强自然降雨环境的模拟，与传统的人工降雨先比相比，减少了占地面积、提升试验效率、所营造的降雨环境更贴近真实降雨，并且对降雨产流产沙、地被物水文效应等方面的室内定量测量结果更加精确。By adopting the above implementation method, a small amount of water can be sprayed through the cold mist nozzle, and the sprayed water will not only enter the test sample tank, but also return to the water storage tank along the water mist recovery curtain room. Therefore, the use of the above-mentioned device can realize the simulation of the natural rainfall environment with light rain intensity under artificial conditions. Compared with the traditional artificial rainfall first comparison, it reduces the occupied area, improves the test efficiency, and creates a rainfall environment that is closer to the real rainfall, and The indoor quantitative measurement results of rainfall, runoff and sediment production, ground cover hydrological effects, etc. are more accurate.
结合第一方面，在第一方面第一种可能的实现方式中，所述冷雾式喷头与所述水泵的出水口之间设置一输水软管，所述输水软管的两端分别连通所述冷雾式喷头的进水口和所述水泵的出水口。With reference to the first aspect, in the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, a water delivery hose is provided between the cool-mist nozzle and the water outlet of the water pump, and the two ends of the water delivery hose are respectively The water inlet of the cold mist spray head is connected with the water outlet of the water pump.
结合第一方面第一种可能的实现方式，在第一方面第二种可能的实现方式中，所述冷雾式喷头设置有多个，多个所述冷雾式喷头均匀设置在所述水雾回收幕房的顶部。With reference to the first possible implementation of the first aspect, in the second possible implementation of the first aspect, there are multiple cold-mist nozzles, and the plurality of cold-mist nozzles are uniformly arranged on the water The fog is recycled to the top of the curtain room.
结合第一方面第二种可能的实现方式，在第一方面第三种可能的实现方式中，所述径流输出装置包括第一径流输出管道和第二径流输出管道，所述第一径流输出管道一端与所述供试样品槽的第一端的顶部相连通，所述第一径流输出管道另一端与所述水雾回收幕房的侧壁活动连接；所述第二径流输出管道一端与所述供试样品槽的第一端的底部相连通，所述第二径流输出管道另一端与所述水雾回收幕房的侧壁活动连接。With reference to the second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the runoff output device includes a first runoff output pipe and a second runoff output pipe, and the first runoff output pipe One end communicates with the top of the first end of the test sample tank, the other end of the first runoff output pipe is flexibly connected to the side wall of the water mist recovery curtain room; one end of the second runoff output pipe is connected to the The bottom of the first end of the test sample tank is connected, and the other end of the second runoff output pipe is movably connected with the side wall of the water mist recovery curtain room.
结合第一方面第三种可能的实现方式，在第一方面第四种可能的实现方式中，所述供试样品槽的第二端的底部设置一液压式坡度调节杆，所述液压式坡度调节杆两端分别与所述供试样品槽的第二端的底部和所述储水箱固定连接。In combination with the third possible implementation of the first aspect, in the fourth possible implementation of the first aspect, a hydraulic slope adjustment rod is provided at the bottom of the second end of the test sample tank, and the hydraulic slope adjustment The two ends of the rod are respectively fixedly connected with the bottom of the second end of the test sample tank and the water storage tank.
结合第一方面第四种可能的实现方式，在第一方面第五种可能的实现方式中，对应所述供试样品槽的第二端的水箱侧壁上设置有一固定平台，所述液压式坡度调节杆两端分别与所述供试样品槽的第二端的底部和所述固定平台固定连接。In combination with the fourth possible implementation of the first aspect, in the fifth possible implementation of the first aspect, a fixed platform is provided on the side wall of the water tank corresponding to the second end of the test sample tank, and the hydraulic gradient Both ends of the adjustment rod are respectively fixedly connected with the bottom of the second end of the test sample tank and the fixed platform.
结合第一方面或第一方面第一至五种任一可能的实现方式，在第一方面第六种可能的实现方式中，所述水雾回收幕房外侧与一移动支架固定连接，所述移动支架用于固定或调整所述水雾回收幕房。In combination with the first aspect or any of the first to fifth possible implementations of the first aspect, in the sixth possible implementation of the first aspect, the outside of the water mist recovery curtain room is fixedly connected to a mobile bracket, and the The mobile bracket is used for fixing or adjusting the water mist recovery curtain room.
结合第一方面第六种可能的实现方式，在第一方面第七种可能的实现方式中，所述人工降雨控制设备包括：控制电脑、水位传感器和变频控制器，所述水位传感器设置在所述储水箱内，所述变频控制器与所述水泵电连接，所述控制电脑分别与所述水位传感器和所述变频控制器电连接。With reference to the sixth possible implementation of the first aspect, in the seventh possible implementation of the first aspect, the artificial rainfall control equipment includes: a control computer, a water level sensor and a frequency conversion controller, and the water level sensor is set at the In the water storage tank, the frequency conversion controller is electrically connected to the water pump, and the control computer is electrically connected to the water level sensor and the frequency conversion controller respectively.
结合第一方面，在第一方面第八种可能的实现方式中，所述水雾回收幕房包括透明式亚克力水雾回收幕房。With reference to the first aspect, in an eighth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the water mist recovery curtain room includes a transparent acrylic water mist recovery curtain room.
第二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种小雨强冷雾式人工降雨模拟装置使用方法，采用第一方面或第一方面任一可能实现方式所述的装置，所述方法包括：在进行人工降雨前将所述水雾回收幕房的内壁加湿，直至所述水雾回收幕房的内壁上的水珠附着处于饱和状态；通过人工降雨控制设备启动水泵，将储水箱内的水输送至冷雾式喷头，所述冷雾式喷头喷出的水进入到供试样品槽内和水雾回收幕房的内壁，其中喷洒到所述雾回收幕房的内壁的水回流到所述储水箱内；当控制人工降雨结束后，获取径流输出装置流出的水量和所述储水箱内剩余的水量，用于降雨产流产沙、地被物水文效应的研究。In the second aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides a method for using the artificial rainfall simulation device with light rain intensity and cold fog, adopting the device described in the first aspect or any possible implementation mode of the first aspect, the method includes: Humidify the inner wall of the water mist recovery curtain room before the rain, until the water droplets on the inner wall of the water mist recovery curtain room are in a saturated state; start the water pump through the artificial rainfall control equipment, and transport the water in the water storage tank to the cold storage tank. Mist spray head, the water sprayed by the cold mist spray head enters the test sample tank and the inner wall of the water mist recovery curtain room, wherein the water sprayed on the inner wall of the mist recovery curtain room flows back into the water storage tank ; when the control of artificial rainfall is over, the amount of water flowing out of the runoff output device and the remaining water amount in the water storage tank are obtained, which are used for the research of rainfall, runoff and sediment production, and hydrological effects of ground cover.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种小雨强冷雾式人工降雨模拟装置的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a light rain strong cold fog type artificial rainfall simulation device provided by the embodiment of the present application;
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种小雨强冷雾式人工降雨模拟装置使用方法的流程示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method of using a light rain strong cold fog type artificial rainfall simulation device provided in the embodiment of the present application;
图1-2中符号表示为：The symbols in Figure 1-2 are expressed as:
1-储水箱，2-水雾回收幕房，3-冷雾式喷头，4-水泵，5-供试样品槽，6-径流输出装置，7-输水软管，8-供试样品，9-液压式坡度调节杆，10-固定平台，11-移动支架，12-控制电脑，13-水位传感器，14-变频控制器。1-water storage tank, 2-water mist recovery curtain room, 3-cool mist nozzle, 4-water pump, 5-test sample tank, 6-runoff output device, 7-water delivery hose, 8-test sample, 9-hydraulic slope adjustment rod, 10-fixed platform, 11-mobile bracket, 12-control computer, 13-water level sensor, 14-frequency conversion controller.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图与具体实施方式对本方案进行阐述。The scheme will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种小雨强冷雾式人工降雨模拟装置的结构示意图，参见图1，本申请实施例提供的小雨强冷雾式人工降雨模拟装置包括：储水箱1，所述储水箱1上口端设置一水雾回收幕房2，所述水雾回收幕房2的下口插入所述储水箱1上口，所述水雾回收幕房2的顶部设置有冷雾式喷头3，所述储水箱1内设置有水泵4，所述冷雾式喷头3与所述水泵4的出水口相连通，所述水泵4与人工降雨控制设备电连接。所述水雾回收幕房2与所述储水箱1之间设置供试样品槽5，所述供试样品槽5的第一端设置有径流输出装置6，所述供试样品槽5的第一端与所述水雾回收幕房2活动连接，所述供试样品槽5的第二端与所述储水箱1活动连接。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a light rain strong cold fog type artificial rainfall simulation device provided in the embodiment of the present application. Referring to Fig. 1, the light rain strong cold fog type artificial rainfall simulation device provided in the embodiment of the present application includes: a water storage tank 1, The upper end of the water storage tank 1 is provided with a water mist recovery curtain room 2, the lower opening of the water mist recovery curtain room 2 is inserted into the upper opening of the water storage tank 1, and the top of the water mist recovery curtain room 2 is provided with a cold mist A water pump 4 is arranged in the water storage tank 1, the cold mist spray head 3 communicates with the water outlet of the water pump 4, and the water pump 4 is electrically connected with the artificial rainfall control equipment. A test sample tank 5 is set between the water mist recovery curtain room 2 and the water storage tank 1, the first end of the test sample tank 5 is provided with a runoff output device 6, and the first end of the test sample tank 5 One end is movably connected with the water mist recovery curtain room 2 , and the second end of the test sample tank 5 is movably connected with the water storage tank 1 .
本申请实施例中，水雾回收幕房2采用透明式亚克力水雾回收幕房，这样可以通过外面观察内部模拟人工降雨情况。而且水雾回收幕房2的下口口径小于储水箱1的上口口径，这样使得冷雾式喷头3进行喷水时，喷洒到水雾回收幕房2的水回流至储水箱1中，避免了模拟人工降雨的除了进入到供试样品槽5中的水，其余的喷洒到地上。水雾回收幕房2可起到有效回收边壁上的水的作用，使降雨结果更为贴近试验设定。In the embodiment of this application, the water mist recovery curtain room 2 adopts a transparent acrylic water mist recovery curtain room, so that the artificial rainfall situation can be simulated inside by observing from the outside. Moreover, the lower aperture of the water mist recovery curtain room 2 is smaller than the upper aperture of the water storage tank 1, so that when the cold mist nozzle 3 sprays water, the water sprayed into the water mist recovery curtain room 2 returns to the water storage tank 1 to avoid In order to simulate the artificial rainfall, except for the water that entered the test sample tank 5, the rest was sprayed on the ground. The water mist recovery curtain room 2 can effectively recover the water on the side wall, so that the rainfall result is closer to the test setting.
本实施例中采用的冷雾式喷头3不同于传统喷头，输水方式更为温和，可解决小强度人工模拟降雨中的因出水量过少而发生的滴水现象和均匀度差的问题。水泵4用于提供人工模拟降雨所需的动力需求，将储水箱1中的水输送到冷雾式喷头3进行喷洒。具体地，所述冷雾式喷头3与所述水泵4的出水口之间设置一输水软管7，所述输水软管7的两端分别连通所述冷雾式喷头3的进水口和所述水泵4的出水口。The cold-mist nozzle 3 used in this embodiment is different from the traditional nozzle, and the water delivery method is more gentle, which can solve the problems of dripping and poor uniformity caused by too little water output in small-intensity artificial simulated rainfall. The water pump 4 is used to provide the power demand for artificially simulating rainfall, and transport the water in the water storage tank 1 to the cool-mist nozzle 3 for spraying. Specifically, a water delivery hose 7 is provided between the cold mist nozzle 3 and the water outlet of the water pump 4, and the two ends of the water delivery hose 7 are respectively connected to the water inlet of the cold mist nozzle 3. And the water outlet of the water pump 4.
而且所述冷雾式喷头3设置有多个，多个所述冷雾式喷头3均匀设置在所述水雾回收幕房2的顶部。这样可以保证了人工降雨模拟时，降雨的均匀性，更加贴近真实的降雨环境。Moreover, there are multiple cold-mist nozzles 3 , and the plurality of cold-mist nozzles 3 are uniformly arranged on the top of the water mist recovery curtain room 2 . This can ensure the uniformity of rainfall during artificial rainfall simulation, which is closer to the real rainfall environment.
本申请实施例中，供试样品槽5中可以根据需要设置不同的环境，例如在供试样品槽设置供试样品8为土、土和砂石的混合或者在土或土和砂石的混合表面设置草皮等，当然还可以根据需要模拟的供试样品8做出更多的选择，在此不再赘述。In the embodiment of the present application, different environments can be set as required in the test sample tank 5, for example, the test sample 8 is set in the test sample tank as a mixture of soil, soil and sand or in soil or soil and sand. The surface is provided with turf, etc. Of course, more choices can be made according to the simulated test sample 8 that needs to be simulated, so I won't repeat them here.
冷雾式喷头3喷洒的水进入到供试样品槽5中后，按照自然环境下，雨水会一部分通过表面流淌，另一部分渗入到底部，从底部流淌。具体地，本实施例中所述径流输出装置6包括第一径流输出管道和第二径流输出管道，所述第一径流输出管道一端与所述供试样品槽5的第一端的顶部相连通，所述第一径流输出管道另一端与所述水雾回收幕房2的侧壁活动连接，用于实现模拟地表径流。所述第二径流输出管道一端与所述供试样品槽5的第一端的底部相连通，所述第二径流输出管道另一端与所述水雾回收幕房2的侧壁活动连接，用于实现地下径流的模拟。进入到供试样品槽5的中除了从第一径流输出管道和第二径流输出管道流出以外，其余的保留在供试样品8中。After the water sprayed by the cold-mist nozzle 3 enters the test sample tank 5, according to the natural environment, part of the rainwater will flow through the surface, and the other part will seep into the bottom and flow from the bottom. Specifically, the runoff output device 6 in this embodiment includes a first runoff output pipeline and a second runoff output pipeline, and one end of the first runoff output pipeline communicates with the top of the first end of the test sample tank 5 , the other end of the first runoff output pipe is movably connected to the side wall of the water mist recovery curtain room 2 for simulating surface runoff. One end of the second runoff output pipeline communicates with the bottom of the first end of the test sample tank 5, and the other end of the second runoff output pipeline is movably connected with the side wall of the water mist recovery curtain room 2. To realize the simulation of subsurface runoff. Into the test sample tank 5, except for flowing out from the first runoff output pipe and the second runoff output pipe, the rest remains in the test sample 8.
进一步地，本实施例中为了实现模拟不同坡度的模拟，所述供试样品槽5的第二端的底部设置一液压式坡度调节杆9，所述液压式坡度调节杆9两端分别与所述供试样品槽5的第二端的底部和所述储水箱1固定连接。具体地，对应所述供试样品槽5的第二端的水箱侧壁上设置有一固定平台10，所述液压式坡度调节杆9两端分别与所述供试样品槽5的第二端的底部和所述固定平台10固定连接。Further, in this embodiment, in order to realize the simulation of simulating different slopes, a hydraulic slope adjustment rod 9 is arranged at the bottom of the second end of the test sample tank 5, and the two ends of the hydraulic slope adjustment rod 9 are respectively connected to the The bottom of the second end of the test sample tank 5 is fixedly connected with the water storage tank 1 . Specifically, a fixed platform 10 is arranged on the side wall of the water tank corresponding to the second end of the test sample tank 5, and the two ends of the hydraulic gradient adjustment rod 9 are connected to the bottom and the second end of the test sample tank 5 respectively. The fixed platform 10 is fixedly connected.
进一步参见图1，所述水雾回收幕房2外侧与一移动支架11固定连接，所述移动支架11用于固定或调整所述水雾回收幕房2。例如可以调整水雾回收幕房2的高度和位置等。Referring further to FIG. 1 , the outside of the water mist recovery curtain room 2 is fixedly connected with a mobile bracket 11 , and the mobile bracket 11 is used to fix or adjust the water mist recovery curtain room 2 . For example, the height and position of the water mist recovery curtain room 2 can be adjusted.
本实施例中，操作人员实现人工降雨模拟时，还需要依靠人工降雨控制设备，人工降雨控制设备包括：控制电脑12、水位传感器13和变频控制器14，所述水位传感器13设置在所述储水箱1内，所述变频控制器14与所述水泵4电连接，所述控制电脑12分别与所述水位传感器13和所述变频控制器14电连接。本实施例中控制电脑12可以设置人工降雨的时间和降雨量等参数，变频控制器14控制水泵4，水位传感器13可以实时将储水箱1内的水位信息传输给控制电脑12，从而根据显示的水位信息进行人工判断是否还需继续进行人工降雨。In this embodiment, when the operator realizes artificial rainfall simulation, he also needs to rely on artificial rainfall control equipment. The artificial rainfall control equipment includes: a control computer 12, a water level sensor 13 and a frequency conversion controller 14, and the water level sensor 13 is arranged on the storage tank. In the water tank 1 , the frequency conversion controller 14 is electrically connected to the water pump 4 , and the control computer 12 is electrically connected to the water level sensor 13 and the frequency conversion controller 14 respectively. In the present embodiment, the control computer 12 can set parameters such as the time and rainfall of artificial rainfall, the frequency conversion controller 14 controls the water pump 4, and the water level sensor 13 can transmit the water level information in the water storage tank 1 to the control computer 12 in real time, thereby according to the displayed Water level information is used to manually judge whether artificial rainfall needs to be continued.
一个示意性实施例，经控制电脑12设置所需人工模拟降雨参数，如降雨历时(h)、降雨量(mm)、降雨强度(mm/h)等，以模拟信号传输方式开启变频控制器14控制启动水泵4，在水泵4提供的动力条件下，使储水箱1中的水经输水软管7输送至冷雾式喷头3，开始进行模拟降雨。人工模拟降雨期间，降至透明式亚克力水雾回收幕房2边壁上的水流回储水箱1内。An exemplary embodiment, through the control computer 12 settings required artificial simulation rainfall parameters, such as rainfall duration (h), rainfall (mm), rainfall intensity (mm/h) etc., open the frequency conversion controller 14 with the analog signal transmission mode The water pump 4 is controlled and started, and under the power condition provided by the water pump 4, the water in the water storage tank 1 is transported to the cold-mist nozzle 3 through the water delivery hose 7, and the simulated rainfall starts. During artificial simulated rainfall, the water falling on the side walls of the transparent acrylic water mist recovery curtain room 2 flows back into the water storage tank 1 .
人工模拟降雨所需降水量根据下述公式转化为储水箱1内水位下降高度：The amount of precipitation required for artificially simulating rainfall is converted into the drop height of the water level in the water storage tank 1 according to the following formula:
式中，供试样品槽5受试面积为S1(m2)，液压式坡度调节杆9设定的供试坡度为(°)，储水箱1表面积为S2(m2)，设定模拟降雨强度为(mm/h)，设定模拟降雨时间为t(h)，储水箱1内水位下降高度为H(m)。In the formula, the tested area of the test sample tank 5 is S 1 (m 2 ), the test slope set by the hydraulic slope adjustment rod 9 is (°), the surface area of the water storage tank 1 is S 2 (m 2 ), and the set The simulated rainfall intensity is (mm/h), the simulated rainfall time is set as t(h), and the height of the water level drop in the water storage tank 1 is H(m).
由水位传感器13不断将水位信息反馈至控制电脑12进行处理，操作那个人员根据处理结果不断调整参数控制变频控制器14，不断使水泵4的输出功率做出调整，使人工模拟降雨结果贴近所需降雨环境。径流输出装置6则负责将供试样品槽5中产生的径流导出(不流入储水箱1内)用于测试。The water level sensor 13 continuously feeds back the water level information to the control computer 12 for processing, and the operator continuously adjusts the parameters to control the frequency conversion controller 14 according to the processing results, and continuously adjusts the output power of the water pump 4, so that the artificially simulated rainfall results are close to the required rainy environment. The runoff output device 6 is responsible for exporting the runoff generated in the test sample tank 5 (not flowing into the water storage tank 1 ) for testing.
由上述实施例可知，本实施例提供了一种小雨强冷雾式人工降雨模拟装置，包括：储水箱1，所述储水箱1上口端设置一水雾回收幕房2，所述水雾回收幕房2的下口插入所述储水箱1上口，所述水雾回收幕房2的顶部设置有冷雾式喷头3，所述储水箱1内设置有水泵4，所述冷雾式喷头3与所述水泵4的出水口相连通，所述水泵4与人工降雨控制设备电连接。所述水雾回收幕房2与所述储水箱1之间设置供试样品槽5，所述供试样品槽5的第一端设置有径流输出装置6，所述供试样品槽5的第一端与所述水雾回收幕房2活动连接，所述供试样品槽5的第二端与所述储水箱1活动连接。通过冷雾式喷头3可以实现小水量的喷洒，而且喷洒出的水除了进入到供试样品槽5中以外，其余的还会沿着水雾回收幕房2回流至储水箱1内。因此，采用上述装置可实现人工条件下的小雨强自然降雨环境的模拟，与传统的人工降雨先比相比，减少了占地面积、提升试验效率、所营造的降雨环境更贴近真实降雨，并且对降雨产流产沙、地被物水文效应等方面的室内定量测量结果更加精确。It can be known from the above-mentioned embodiments that the present embodiment provides a light rain strong cold fog type artificial rainfall simulation device, comprising: a water storage tank 1, a water mist recovery curtain room 2 is arranged at the upper end of the water storage tank 1, and the water mist The lower opening of the recovery curtain room 2 is inserted into the upper opening of the water storage tank 1, the top of the water mist recovery curtain room 2 is provided with a cold mist nozzle 3, the water storage tank 1 is provided with a water pump 4, and the cool mist nozzle The nozzle 3 communicates with the water outlet of the water pump 4, and the water pump 4 is electrically connected with artificial rainfall control equipment. A test sample tank 5 is set between the water mist recovery curtain room 2 and the water storage tank 1, the first end of the test sample tank 5 is provided with a runoff output device 6, and the first end of the test sample tank 5 One end is movably connected with the water mist recovery curtain room 2 , and the second end of the test sample tank 5 is movably connected with the water storage tank 1 . A small amount of water can be sprayed by the cool mist nozzle 3, and the sprayed water will not only enter the test sample tank 5, but also flow back into the water storage tank 1 along the water mist recovery curtain room 2. Therefore, the use of the above-mentioned device can realize the simulation of the natural rainfall environment with light rain intensity under artificial conditions. Compared with the traditional artificial rainfall first comparison, it reduces the occupied area, improves the test efficiency, and creates a rainfall environment that is closer to the real rainfall, and The indoor quantitative measurement results of rainfall, runoff and sediment production, ground cover hydrological effects, etc. are more accurate.
与上述实施例提供的小雨强冷雾式人工降雨模拟装置相对应，本申请还提供了一种小雨强冷雾式人工降雨模拟装置使用方法的实施例。参见图2，所述方法包括：Corresponding to the artificial rainfall simulation device of light rain intensity and cold fog type provided in the above embodiments, the present application also provides an embodiment of a method for using the light rain intensity cold fog type artificial rainfall simulation device. Referring to Figure 2, the method includes:
S101，在进行人工降雨前将所述水雾回收幕房的内壁加湿，直至所述水雾回收幕房的内壁上的水珠附着处于饱和状态。S101. Humidify the inner wall of the water mist recovery curtain room before artificial rainfall, until the water droplets on the inner wall of the water mist recovery curtain room are in a saturated state.
由于使用上述实施例中的模拟装置为模拟小雨强下的自然降雨装置，为进一步提高模拟精度，在试验前需先启动一段时间该装置，使水雾回收幕房边壁润湿，从而减少边壁截留所带来的误差。具体地，当水雾回收幕房边壁上附着满水，而且不再低落则达到饱和状态，此时即可开始模拟人工降雨。Since the simulation device used in the above embodiment is a natural rainfall device for simulating light rain, in order to further improve the simulation accuracy, it is necessary to start the device for a period of time before the test to make the side walls of the water mist recovery curtain room wet, thereby reducing the risk of side effects. Errors due to wall interception. Specifically, when the side wall of the water mist recovery room is full of water, and it is no longer low, it reaches a saturated state. At this time, artificial rainfall can be simulated.
S102，通过人工降雨控制设备启动水泵，将储水箱内的水输送至冷雾式喷头，所述冷雾式喷头喷出的水进入到供试样品槽内和水雾回收幕房的内壁，其中喷洒到所述雾回收幕房的内壁的水回流到所述储水箱内。S102, start the water pump through the artificial rainfall control equipment, and transport the water in the water storage tank to the cold mist nozzle, and the water sprayed by the cold mist nozzle enters the test sample tank and the inner wall of the water mist recovery curtain room, wherein The water sprayed on the inner wall of the mist recovery room returns to the water storage tank.
经控制电脑设置所需人工模拟降雨参数，如降雨历时(h)、降雨量(mm)、降雨强度(mm/h)等，以模拟信号传输方式开启变频控制器控制启动水泵，在水泵提供的动力条件下，使储水箱中的水经输水软管输送至冷雾式喷头，开始进行模拟降雨。人工模拟降雨期间，降至透明式亚克力水雾回收幕房边壁上的水流回储水箱1内。Set the artificially simulated rainfall parameters required by the control computer, such as rainfall duration (h), rainfall amount (mm), rainfall intensity (mm/h), etc., and use the analog signal transmission mode to turn on the frequency conversion controller to control the startup of the water pump. Under dynamic conditions, the water in the water storage tank is transported to the cold-mist nozzle through the water delivery hose, and the simulated rainfall begins. During artificial simulated rainfall, the water falling on the side walls of the transparent acrylic water mist recovery curtain room flows back into the water storage tank 1 .
人工模拟降雨所需降水量根据下述公式转化为储水箱1内水位下降高度：The amount of precipitation required for artificially simulating rainfall is converted into the drop height of the water level in the water storage tank 1 according to the following formula:
式中，供试样品槽受试面积为S1(m2)，液压式坡度调节杆设定的供试坡度为(°)，储水箱表面积为S2(m2)，设定模拟降雨强度为(mm/h)，设定模拟降雨时间为t(h)，储水箱内水位下降高度为H(m)。In the formula, the test area of the test sample tank is S 1 (m 2 ), the test slope set by the hydraulic slope adjustment lever is (°), the surface area of the water storage tank is S 2 (m 2 ), and the simulated rainfall intensity is set is (mm/h), set the simulated rainfall time as t(h), and the water level drop height in the water storage tank as H(m).
S103，当控制人工降雨结束后，获取径流输出装置流出的水量和所述储水箱内剩余的水量。S103, after the control of the artificial rainfall is over, acquire the amount of water flowing out of the runoff output device and the remaining water amount in the water storage tank.
径流输出装置负责将供试样品槽中产生的径流导出(不流入储水箱内)用于测试。根据径流输出装置获取到的水量、以及人工模拟降雨结束后储水箱内水位下降高度，确定储水箱输出的水量。最终确定出当前模拟环境下，供试样品中保留的水量等。进一步地，还可以获得从径流输出装置中流出的水、泥土和沙子等。进而可以实现后期对降雨产流产沙、地被物水文效应的研究。The runoff output device is responsible for exporting the runoff generated in the test sample tank (not flowing into the water storage tank) for testing. According to the amount of water obtained by the runoff output device and the height of the water level drop in the water storage tank after the artificially simulated rainfall, the output water volume of the water storage tank is determined. Finally determine the amount of water retained in the test sample under the current simulated environment. Further, water, soil and sand flowing out from the runoff output device can also be obtained. In turn, it can realize the later research on the rainfall, runoff and sediment production, and the hydrological effects of ground cover.
本实施例中采用小雨强冷雾式人工降雨模拟装置可以实现不同强度的小雨量模拟降雨，而且供试样品槽还可以设置不同的坡度，冷雾式喷头使得产生的人工模拟降雨的各项要素更为贴近自然降雨。使得采用上述模拟装置进行人工降雨模拟，测量结果更加准确。In this embodiment, the light rain strong cold fog type artificial rainfall simulation device can be used to simulate rainfall with different intensity of small rainfall, and the sample tank for testing can also be set with different slopes. closer to natural rainfall. The artificial rainfall simulation is carried out by using the above simulation device, and the measurement result is more accurate.
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如“第一”和“第二”等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。It should be noted that in this article, relative terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply these No such actual relationship or order exists between entities or operations. Furthermore, the term "comprises", "comprises" or any other variation thereof is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion such that a process, method, article or apparatus comprising a set of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes elements not expressly listed. other elements of or also include elements inherent in such a process, method, article, or device. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or apparatus comprising said element.
当然，上述说明也并不仅限于上述举例，本申请未经描述的技术特征可以通过或采用现有技术实现，在此不再赘述；以上实施例及附图仅用于说明本申请的技术方案并非是对本申请的限制，如来替代，本申请仅结合并参照优选的实施方式进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，本技术领域的普通技术人员在本申请的实质范围内所做出的变化、改型、添加或替换都不脱离本申请的宗旨，也应属于本申请的权利要求保护范围。Of course, the above description is not limited to the above examples, and the technical features not described in this application can be realized by or using existing technologies, and will not be repeated here; the above embodiments and drawings are only used to illustrate that the technical solutions of this application are not It is a limitation to the present application. As an alternative, the present application has only been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments. Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that those of ordinary skill in the art will make The changes, modifications, additions or replacements do not deviate from the purpose of the present application, and should also belong to the scope of protection of the claims of the present application.
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