CN209676802U

CN209676802U - A kind of ditching machine

Info

Publication number: CN209676802U
Application number: CN201822242238.1U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张恒
Original assignee: XIANYANG HENGJIA MACHINERY CO Ltd
Current assignee: XIANYANG HENGJIA MACHINERY CO Ltd
Priority date: 2018-12-29
Filing date: 2018-12-29
Publication date: 2019-11-26
Anticipated expiration: 2028-12-29

Abstract

The utility model belongs to technical field of agricultural machinery, more particularly to a kind of trench digging, backfill, fertilising, rotary tillage, weeding multifunctional one ditching machine, including the power mechanism being mounted on rack chassis, and the gearbox being connected by power with power mechanism, the gearbox front end is connected and installed with the mounting base of detachable gearcase, the trench digging cutterhead power of gearbox output is transferred on trench digging cutterhead by gearcase, the trench digging cutterhead is equipped with along the more ditching knife of its ring cloth, is equipped with the creeper undercarriage and brake gear of driving ditching machine walking in speed change lower box part；The ditching machine further includes the cutterhead hydraulicefficiency elevation structure that driving trench digging cutterhead is swung up and down.The utility model replaces different configuration equipments, the functions such as achievable rotary tillage, weeding by replacing dismountable gearcase component.

Description

A kind of ditching machine

Technical field

The invention belongs to technical field of agricultural machinery, and in particular to a kind of trench digging, backfill, fertilising, rotary tillage, weeding multifunctional The ditching machine of one.

Background technique

In recent years, with the progress of scientific and technological level, mechanization, the automation of agricultural tillage have also obtained huge raising, Occurring rotary cultivator, fertilizer applicator, weeder etc. in agricultural production, they are strongly professional, high-efficient, but there is limitation, he Job note one, landform needs wide flat.It is had developed at present due to the diversity of agricultural tillage in order to meet production requirement A kind of to integrate trench digging, rotary tillage, deep ploughing, open up wasteland, loosen the soil, applying fertilizer, backfilling, the ditching machine of weeding operation, which exists Various mountainous regions, hills, Plain, orchard, tea place, dry land, greenhouse etc. commodiously with operation on narrow soil, and are suitable for frozen soil, hard Soil, weak soil, clay, black earth, the soil properties such as loess, laterite, sandy soil should not be used in building stirring and close soil.

Summary of the invention

In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of ditching machines.

Itself the technical solution adopted is that:

A kind of ditching machine, including the power mechanism being mounted on rack chassis, and the change being connected by power with power mechanism Fast case, the gearbox front end are connected and installed with the mounting base of detachable gearcase, and the trench digging cutterhead power of gearbox output passes through Gearcase is transferred on trench digging cutterhead, and the trench digging cutterhead is equipped with along the more ditching knife of its ring cloth, is pacified in speed change lower box part Creeper undercarriage and brake gear equipped with driving ditching machine walking；

The gearcase includes pressing the input gear that power transmitting sets gradually, at least one in gearcase housing cavity Group intermediate gear, output gear, the input gear are arranged on input shaft, are respectively equipped with axis in the rear and front end of input gear Hold, which is stuck between flange and gearcase shell, and the flange is fixed with gearcase shell by fixing bolt, it is described in Between gear be arranged on intermediate small axis by bearing, on output cutter shaft, which stretches for the output gear setting The extension outside gearcase shell is equipped with output bearing (ball) cover, trench digging cutterhead, the output bearing (ball) cover and gearcase shell out Body is fixed by fastening nut, and the two sides of the gearcase shell are respectively fixed with trench digging earth-retaining grillage or earthing earth-retaining grillage, And it is equipped with the locating plate of two pairs of symmetrical structures on gearcase shell tail end top, equidistant two groups are equipped on two pairs of locating plates Aperture；

The ditching machine further includes the cutterhead hydraulicefficiency elevation structure that driving trench digging cutterhead is swung up and down.

Preferably, the gearbox includes gear box casing, belt input axle assembly, exports walking shaft assembly, described The drive shaft on belt input shaft and output walking shaft assembly on belt input axle assembly protrudes into transmission housing body, institute It states and is equipped with a transfer gear train in transmission housing body, which includes reverse gear shaft assembly, central axis component, III gear switching Shaft assembly, I component of deceleration axis, II component of deceleration axis, cutterhead reversion shaft assembly, cutterhead shift shaft assembly, the belt input shaft On gear engaged respectively with the gear to reverse gear on shaft assembly and central axis component, the gear to reverse gear on shaft assembly is also in Gear on arbor assembly engages, and the gear on the central axis component switches shaft assembly and cutterhead reversing shaft group with III gear respectively Gear engagement on part, the gear that III gear switches on shaft assembly are engaged with the gear on I component of deceleration axis, the deceleration axis Gear on I component is engaged with the gear on II component of deceleration axis, and the gear on II component of deceleration axis is again by power Pass to output walking shaft assembly；

The belt input axle assembly and III gear switching shaft assembly are equipped with pull-fork assembly, and the pull-fork assembly includes I Gear and II gear pull-fork assembly, back fork component and III gear pull-fork assembly, it is described I gear and II gear pull-fork assembly include I gear and II gear shift fork axle, and I gear and II gear shift fork part fixed with I gear and II gear shift fork axle by fastening bolt, I gear and II gear On belt input axle assembly, I gear and II gear shift fork axle one end are equipped with around I gear and II gear shift fork axle shift fork part clamping lock The left groove and right groove of outer diameter, I gear and the II gear shift fork axle other end are equipped with a through-hole；The back fork component includes Back fork axis, and the back fork part fixed by fastening bolt with back fork axis, the back fork part clamping lock is in skin On band input axle assembly, back fork axis one end be equipped with around the left groove of back fork axis outer diameter, intermediate groove and Right groove, the back fork axis other end are equipped with a through-hole；The III gear pull-fork assembly includes III gear shift fork axle, Yi Jiyu III gear shift fork axle, the III gear shift fork part fixed by fastening bolt, the III gear shift fork part clamping lock is on III gear switching shaft assembly, institute It states III gear shift fork axle one end and is equipped with left groove and right groove around III gear shift fork axle outer diameter, the III gear shift fork axle other end It is equipped with a through-hole；Gear box casing is stretched out at the both ends of I gear and II gear shift fork axle, back fork axis and III gear shift fork axle Outside, one end is connect with gear lever respectively, the other end of I gear and II gear shift fork axle, back fork axis and III gear shift fork axle It extends respectively in 3 groups of long holes in gear shift self-locking device, the gear shift self-locking device is equipped with 3 groups of short-bore, this 3 groups short Hole is respectively perpendicular with 3 groups of long holes, is equipped with shift gears self-locking steel ball and shift compressed spring in 3 groups of short-bore, the left groove, in Between the depth of groove and right groove it is identical as the radius of self-locking steel ball of shifting gears.

The cutterhead shift shaft assembly includes cutterhead shifting shaft, and the cutterhead positive and negative rotation gear being arranged on cutterhead shifting shaft Position self-locking mechanism, which includes the self-locking hole being arranged in the positive and negative shaft of cutterhead, and installation Commutation compressed spring and reversing self-locking steel ball in self-locking hole, and shift balladeur train, the hole axle in shift balladeur train First groove, second groove and the third groove equal equipped with spacing upwards, first groove, the second groove and third The depth of groove is identical as the radius of reversing self-locking steel ball；The cutterhead shift assembly further includes being located at shift balladeur train two sides Left and right cutterhead shift gears axle bearing, shift gears in left and right cutterhead and inlay bushing between axle bearing and cutterhead shifting shaft；The shift is slided Moving gear is divided into gear part and smooth extension, is equipped with positioning groove along its outer diameter on smooth extension, which uses In the cutterhead commutation shift fork part on fixation cutter head commutation pull-fork assembly, cutterhead commutation shift fork part is fixed on cutterhead by fastening bolt In the shift fork axle that commutates, cutterhead commutation shift fork axle one end is equipped with a through-hole, and the cutterhead commutation shift fork axle other end is consolidated Determine part ring set.

When the second groove face reversing self-locking steel ball on the shift balladeur train inner hole, reversing self-locking steel ball is being changed It is acted in the corresponding groove of lower insertion to the pressure of compressed spring, the axial position for balladeur train of shifting gears is fixed on neutral gear position On；When the first groove or third groove face reversing self-locking steel ball on balladeur train inner hole of shifting gears, reversing self-locking steel ball exists In the corresponding groove of the lower insertion of pressure effect for the compressed spring that commutates, the axial position for balladeur train of shifting gears is fixed on positive and negative change a job Make gear, to prevent cutterhead positive and negative rotation gear automatic shifting and automatic off-gear, and guarantees that positive and negative rotation transmission gear is long with full tooth Accurate engagement；When needing to shift gears, certain axial force, cutterhead commutation shift fork are applied to cutterhead commutation shift fork axle by gear lever Part pushes shift balladeur train to overcome the pressure of commutation compressed spring, and by reversing self-locking steel ball from the first groove or the second groove Or squeeze out and pushed back in self-locking hole in third groove, shift balladeur train can slip over the axial movement of reversing self-locking steel ball；When another When one groove is moved to steel ball face, reversing self-locking steel ball is pressed into again in the groove, and speed change system just changes to positive/negative turn Work gear is retracted into neutral gear.

The belt input axle assembly further includes the belt bearing of input shaft being arranged on belt input shaft, wheel shaft sliding Duplex moving gear, wheel shaft reverse gear balladeur train, III gear gear and be arranged in belt input shaft end belt block, the wheel Axis sliding duplex moving gear, wheel shaft reverse gear balladeur train and III gear gear is radially turned round along belt input shaft bearing；The belt is defeated Enter axis front end to stretch out outside gear box casing, and is connect with belt pulley；

The shaft assembly that reverses gear includes reverse gear shaft, which is made of minor diameter and major diameter portion, in minor diameter On be provided with to reverse gear and driving gear and reverse gear driven gear, it is described reverse gear driving gear and reverse gear driven gear and minor diameter it Between be equipped with neck bush, and the bushing by being located in minor diameter is axially blocking the driving gear that reverses gear, the driving tooth that reverses gear Driven gear of taking turns and reverse gear is duplicate gear, is radially turned round in reverse gear shaft；

The central axis component includes that the central axis III on centrally disposed axis keeps off gear, central axis master gear, central axis II gear gear, central axis I keep off gear, and the both ends of the central axis are separately mounted on the central axis bearing bore diameter of left and right, at center Axis III, which is kept off, is equipped with dividing bush between gear and central axis master gear, keep off gear in central axis II and central axis I is kept off between gear Equipped with interstage bushing, the central axis is splined shaft, and the central axis II keeps off gear and central axis I keeps off gear in central axis spline On slide axially, respectively hang I gear, II gear and positive and negative rotation gear；The central axis III keeps off gear and central axis master gear in central axis It slides axially, hang III gear respectively and reverses gear on spline；

The III gear switching shaft assembly includes the III gear switching first gear and III gear switching being arranged on III gear switching shaft Second gear, the III gear switching first gear and III gear switching second gear are duplex moving gears, radial in III gear switching shaft The both ends of revolution, the III gear switching shaft are separately mounted on the switching shaft bearing bore diameter of left and right；

The reduction of speed shaft assembly includes II component of I component of deceleration axis and deceleration axis, and I component of deceleration axis includes that setting exists I second gear of I first gear of deceleration axis and deceleration axis on deceleration axis I, I first gear of deceleration axis on the deceleration axis I and I second gear of deceleration axis is duplex moving gear, and in the radial revolution of deceleration axis I, the both ends of the deceleration axis I are mounted on left and right reduction of speed On I bearing bore diameter of axis, dividing bush is equipped between left I bearing of deceleration axis and I first gear of deceleration axis, by deceleration axis I first Gear and I second gear 2102 of deceleration axis are stuck in the gear part of deceleration axis I；

II component of deceleration axis includes II first gear of deceleration axis being arranged on deceleration axis II, II second tooth of deceleration axis Wheel, II third deceleration gear of deceleration axis, the both ends of the deceleration axis II are separately mounted on II bearing bore diameter of left and right deceleration axis, In II first deceleration gear of deceleration axis and II second deceleration gear of deceleration axis and II second deceleration gear of deceleration axis and deceleration axis II the Interstage bushing is respectively equipped between three deceleration gears, the deceleration axis II is splined shaft；

The cutterhead reversion shaft assembly includes the reversion first gear being arranged on reversing shaft, inverts second gear, described The both ends of reversing shaft are separately mounted on the reversing shaft bearing bore diameter of left and right, and the reversion first gear and reversion second gear are connection Moving gear is radially turned round in reversing shaft, equipped with dividing bush between left reversion axle bearing and reversion first gear, will invert the One gear and reversion second gear are stuck in the gear part of reversing shaft；

The output walking shaft assembly includes symmetrically arranged two groups of walking shaft assemblies, and the walking shaft assembly includes installation Tooth form clutch on the driving shaft, the tooth form clutch include walking output gear, the axis of installation on the driving shaft Seat shell body, control stick mounting base, removable clutch cover, walking sprocket wheel are held, bearing, bearing peace are equipped in the bearing block shell Dress on the driving shaft, is equipped with return spring between bearing and removable clutch cover, is located at operating stick mounting base inner cavity, described Manual joystick is installed in operating stick mounting base, the manual lever and the interconnecting piece of operating stick mounting base are hinged, and protrude into Operating stick mounting base inner cavity is fastened on fixed groove, which is arranged in removable clutch cover close to the one of return spring On end, it is equipped with external gear teeth along its outer diameter on the removable clutch cover other end, cooperation foreign steamer is equipped on walking sprocket wheel inner wall The internal tooth casing of tooth is equipped with end cap on the side wall of separate removable clutch cover in walking sprocket wheel, between end cap and walking sprocket wheel A gasket is equipped with equipped with positioning bearing, and between end cap and positioning bearing.

Preferably, the gearbox includes gear box casing, belt input axle assembly, exports walking shaft assembly, described The drive shaft on belt input shaft and output walking shaft assembly on belt input axle assembly protrudes into transmission housing body, institute It states and is equipped with a transfer gear train in transmission housing body, which includes reverse gear shaft assembly, central axis component, III gear switching Shaft assembly, I component of deceleration axis, II component of deceleration axis, cutterhead reversion shaft assembly, cutterhead shift shaft assembly, the belt input shaft On gear engaged respectively with the gear to reverse gear on shaft assembly and central axis component, the gear to reverse gear on shaft assembly is also in Gear on arbor assembly engages, and the gear on the central axis component switches shaft assembly and cutterhead reversing shaft group with III gear respectively On part gear engagement, it is described III gear switching shaft assembly on gear and I component of deceleration axis -- on gear engage, the reduction of speed Gear on I component of axis is engaged with the gear on II component of deceleration axis, and the gear on II component of deceleration axis will move again Power passes to output walking shaft assembly；

The reduction of speed shaft assembly includes II component of I component of deceleration axis and deceleration axis, and I component of deceleration axis includes that setting exists I second gear of I first gear of deceleration axis and deceleration axis on deceleration axis I, I first gear of deceleration axis on the deceleration axis I and I second gear of deceleration axis is duplex moving gear, and in the radial revolution of deceleration axis I, the both ends of the deceleration axis I are mounted on left and right reduction of speed On I bearing bore diameter of axis, dividing bush is equipped between left I bearing of deceleration axis and I first gear of deceleration axis, by deceleration axis I first Gear and I second gear of deceleration axis are stuck in the gear part of deceleration axis I；

II component of deceleration axis includes II intermediate gear of deceleration axis being arranged on deceleration axis II, the small tooth of deceleration axis II Wheel, the both ends of the deceleration axis II are separately mounted on II bearing bore diameter of left and right deceleration axis, in II intermediate gear of deceleration axis and drop Bushing is respectively equipped between fast II pinion gear of axis and II bearing of left and right deceleration axis, the deceleration axis II is splined shaft；

II pinion gear of deceleration axis is engaged with the differential mechanism gear wheel on differential mechanism, the differential mechanism canine tooth wheel drive row Star wheel frame, then left and right drive shaft is driven by planetary gear；

The output walking shaft assembly includes symmetrically arranged two groups of walking shaft assemblies, and the walking shaft assembly includes installation Tooth form clutch on the driving shaft, the tooth form clutch include installation bearing block shell on the driving shaft, walking Sprocket wheel, the bearing block shell is interior to be equipped with bearing, which installs on the driving shaft, pass through in the bearing block shell both ends of the surface Screw is fixed with axle envelope part, and the axle envelope part is for sealing bearing, and the walking sprocket wheel setting is in driving the tip of the axis, in walking chain It is fixed with end cap on side wall on wheel far from bearing block shell one end, a gasket is equipped on the inside of end cap, passes through fixing bolt It fixes on the driving shaft.

Preferably, the gearbox includes gear box casing, belt input axle assembly, exports walking shaft assembly, described The drive shaft on belt input shaft and output walking shaft assembly on belt input axle assembly protrudes into transmission housing body, institute It states and is equipped with a transfer gear train in transmission housing body, which cuts including the shaft assembly that reverses gear, central axis component, speed gear Change shaft assembly, reduction of speed shaft assembly, differential shaft wheel assembly, cutterhead reversion shaft assembly, cutterhead shift shaft assembly and output walking axle Component, the gear on the belt input shaft is engaged with the gear to reverse gear on shaft assembly and central axis component respectively, described to reverse gear Gear on shaft assembly is also engaged with the gear on central axis component, and the gear on the central axis component is cut with speed gear respectively Change the gear engagement on shaft assembly and cutterhead reversion shaft assembly, gear and reduction of speed shaft assembly on the speed gear switching shaft assembly On gear engagement, the gear in gear engagement on the reduction of speed shaft assembly engages with the gear on differential shaft wheel assembly, institute It states the gear on differential shaft wheel assembly and imparts power to output walking shaft assembly again；

The belt input axle assembly and speed gear switching shaft assembly are equipped with pull-fork assembly, and the pull-fork assembly includes I gear and back fork component, II gear and III gear pull-fork assembly and speed keep off pull-fork assembly, I gear and back fork component Including I gear and back fork axis, and I gear and back fork part fixed by fastening bolt with I gear and back fork axis, it should I gear and back fork part clamping lock belt input axle assembly on, it is described I gear and back fork axis one end be equipped with around I gear and Left groove, intermediate groove and the right groove of back fork axis outer diameter, I gear and the back fork axis other end are equipped with a through-hole； II gear and III gear pull-fork assembly include that II gear and III gear shift fork are taken out, and are pumped through fastening bolt with II gear and III gear shift fork Fixed II gear and III gear shift fork part, II gear and III gear shift fork part clamping lock on belt input axle assembly, II gear and III gear shift fork takes out one end and is equipped with left groove, intermediate groove and the right groove for surrounding back fork axis outer diameter, II gear and III gear Shift fork takes out the other end and is equipped with a through-hole；The speed gear pull-fork assembly includes speed gear shift fork axle, and keeps off shift fork with speed Axis keeps off shift fork part by the fixed speed of fastening bolt, which keeps off on switching shaft assembly in speed, described Speed keeps off shift fork axle one end and is equipped with left groove and right groove around speed gear shift fork axle outer diameter, and the speed gear shift fork axle is another End is equipped with a through-hole；

I gear and back fork axis, II gear and III gear shift fork are taken out, gear box casing is stretched out at the both ends of speed gear shift fork axle Outside, one end is connect with gear lever respectively, I gear and back fork axis, II gear and III gear shift fork is smoked, speed keeps off shift fork axle The other end extends respectively in 3 groups of long holes in gear shift self-locking device, and the gear shift self-locking device is equipped with 3 groups of short-bore, 3 groups of short-bore are respectively perpendicular with 3 groups of long holes, and shift gears self-locking steel ball and shift compressed spring, the left side are equipped in 3 groups of short-bore The depth of groove, intermediate groove and right groove is identical as the radius of self-locking steel ball of shifting gears.

When the intermediate groove face shifts gears self-locking steel ball, self-locking steel ball of shifting gears is acted in the pressure of shift compressed spring In lower insertion groove, speed change system is in neutral gear position, and when left groove or the right groove face self-locking steel ball of shift, shift is certainly Lock steel ball is embedded in the groove under the pressure effect of shift compressed spring, and speed change system is in I gear or II gear or III kept off slowly Keep off or reverse gear position；Or speed change system is in I gear kept off fastly or II gear or III gear or position of reversing gear；When needing to shift gears, lead to It crosses gear lever and certain axial force is applied to I gear and back fork axis or II gear and III gear shift fork pumping or speed gear shift fork axle, gram The pressure of compressed spring is taken, and the self-locking steel ball that will shift gears is squeezed out from left groove or right groove or intermediate groove and is pushed back in hole, I Gear and back fork axis or II gear and III gear shift fork are taken out or speed gear shift fork axle can slip over the self-locking steel ball of shift and drive its right Shift fork part and the power shift gear axial movement answered, when I gear and back fork axis or II gear and III gear shift fork takes out or speed keeps off shift fork Axis moves to another groove and self-locking steel ball of shifting gears is to timing, and self-locking steel ball of shifting gears is pressed into again in the groove, and speed change system is rigid Another work gear is changed to well or is retracted into neutral gear, and the distance between adjacent grooves guarantee that gear is in the long engagement of full tooth or moves back completely It engages out.

The cutterhead shift shaft assembly includes cutterhead shifting shaft, and the cutterhead positive and negative rotation being arranged on cutterhead shifting shaft is empty Rotating disk and cutterhead positive and negative rotation gear self-locking mechanism, the cutterhead positive and negative rotation gear self-locking mechanism include being arranged on cutterhead shifting shaft Self-locking hole, and the commutation compressed spring and reversing self-locking steel ball that are mounted in self-locking hole, and shift balladeur train are being changed Gear balladeur train inner hole axial direction first groove, second groove and the third groove equal equipped with spacing, first groove, The depth of second groove and third groove is identical as the radius of reversing self-locking steel ball；

The cutterhead shift assembly further includes positioned at the left and right of cutterhead positive and negative rotation idler gear and balladeur train two sides of shifting gears Cutterhead shift axle bearing, shifts gears in left and right cutterhead and inlays bushing between axle bearing and cutterhead shifting shaft；The shift balladeur train It is divided into gear part and smooth extension, is equipped with positioning groove along its outer diameter on smooth extension, the positioning groove is for fixing Cutterhead commutation shift fork part on cutterhead commutation pull-fork assembly, cutterhead commutation shift fork part are fixed on cutterhead commutation by fastening bolt and dial On fork shaft, cutterhead commutation shift fork axle one end is equipped with a through-hole, the cutterhead commutation shift fork axle other end fixture ring Set.

When the second groove face reversing self-locking steel ball on balladeur train inner hole of shifting gears, reversing self-locking steel ball is pressed in commutation In the corresponding groove of the lower insertion of pressure effect of contracting spring, the axial position for balladeur train of shifting gears is fixed on neutral gear position；When Shift gears balladeur train inner hole on the first groove or third groove face reversing self-locking steel ball when, reversing self-locking steel ball commutation press In the corresponding groove of the lower insertion of pressure effect of contracting spring, the axial position for balladeur train of shifting gears is fixed on positive and negative rotation work gear Position to prevent cutterhead positive and negative rotation gear automatic shifting and automatic off-gear, and guarantees that positive and negative rotation transmission gear is long accurate with full tooth Engagement；When needing to shift gears, certain axial force is applied to cutterhead commutation shift fork axle by gear lever, cutterhead commutation shift fork part pushes away Move the pressure that gear balladeur train overcomes commutation compressed spring, and by reversing self-locking steel ball from the first groove or the second groove or the It squeezes out and is pushed back in self-locking hole in three grooves, shift balladeur train can slip over the axial movement of reversing self-locking steel ball；When another When groove is moved to steel ball face, reversing self-locking steel ball is pressed into again in the groove, and speed change system just changes to positive and negative rotation work Gear is retracted into neutral gear.

The belt input axle assembly further includes the belt bearing of input shaft being arranged on belt input shaft, II gear and III Gear double-sliding gear, I gear and the balladeur train that reverses gear, cutterhead transmission gear and the belt gear that belt input shaft end is set Block, II gear and III gear double-sliding gear, I gear and reverse gear balladeur train and cutterhead transmission gear are radial along belt input shaft Revolution；Belt input shaft front end is stretched out outside gear box casing, and is connect with belt pulley；

The central axis component includes that central axis idler gear, the central axis I on centrally disposed axis keep off gear, central axis III gear gear, low-speed gear and central axis II keep off gear, and the both ends of the central axis are separately mounted in the axle bearing of left and right center On diameter, gear is kept off in central axis I and central axis III keeps off and is equipped with dividing bush between gear；

The speed gear switching shaft assembly includes the switching idler gear being arranged on speed gear switching shaft, switching gear wheel With switching pinion gear, the switching gear wheel and switching pinion gear are duplex moving gears, the duplex moving gear and switching idle running tooth Wheel is radially turned round in speed gear switching shaft, and the both ends of the speed gear switching shaft are separately mounted to left and right switching shaft bearing bore diameter On；

The reduction of speed shaft assembly includes the reduction of speed pinion gear being arranged on deceleration axis and reduction of speed gear wheel, the small tooth of reduction of speed Wheel and reduction of speed gear wheel are duplex moving gears, are radially turned round in deceleration axis, the both ends of the deceleration axis are separately mounted to left and right drop On fast axle bearing internal diameter, dividing bush is equipped between reduction of speed pinion gear and left reduction of speed axle bearing, by reduction of speed pinion gear and reduction of speed Gear wheel is stuck in the gear part of deceleration axis；

The gearbox further includes differential assembly, and the differential assembly includes the differential mechanism being arranged on differential axle Gear wheel, left side pinion gear and right side pinion gear, the both ends of the differential axle are separately mounted to the interior of left and right differential bearing On diameter, the differential mechanism gear wheel is engaged with reduction of speed pinion gear, and drives planetary gear set, then by small on the left of planet gear drives Gear and right side pinion gear, the left side pinion gear and right side pinion gear are engaged with the walking output gear in drive shaft respectively；

The output walking shaft assembly includes symmetrically arranged two groups of walking axis mechanisms, and the walking axis mechanism includes installation Tooth form clutch on the driving shaft, the tooth form clutch include walking output gear, the axis of installation on the driving shaft Seat shell body and walking sprocket wheel are held, bearing is equipped in the bearing block shell, which installs on the driving shaft, the bearing seat shell Axle envelope part is fixed with by screw in body both ends of the surface, which is arranged for sealing bearing, the walking sprocket wheel in driving wheel End, in walking sprocket wheel far from bearing block shell one end side wall on be fixed with end cap, on the inside of end cap be equipped with one sealing Pad, it is fixed on the driving shaft by fixing bolt.

Preferably, the drive shaft drives walking sprocket wheel, drives creeper undercarriage movement by the walking sprocket wheel of rotation, And tensile force is provided by the track tension wheel on creeper undercarriage, ditching machine walking is supported by crawler belt driven wheel；

The crawler belt driven wheel is mounted on rack supporting beam lower end, and both ends driven wheel outer circle lower end is pressed in crawler belt inner ring table Face, support machine walking, the crawler belt driven wheel further includes follower shaft, dust slinger, bearing and fuel filler neck, the driven wheel Positioned at the both ends of follower shaft, it is equipped with gasket in the outside of driven wheel, and be fixed on follower shaft by fastening bolt, axis It holds and is arranged between the driven wheel of both ends, be equipped with one layer of dust slinger in the outside of bearing, a fuel filler neck is equipped on dust slinger.

Preferably, the tail end of the gearcase is mounted on the semicircle groove of mounting base, the both ends difference of the input shaft Equipped with an input shaft bearing end cap, which cooperates fixed gearcase, institute by semi-circular fastener and semicircle groove It states and is additionally provided with chain sprocket on input shaft and the ipsilateral one end of cutterhead shifting shaft, the positive and negative rotary chain wheel and cutterhead shifting shaft pass through chain Item transmission.

Preferably, the cutterhead hydraulicefficiency elevation structure includes hydraulic cylinder and cutterhead rack, one end of the hydraulic cylinder and gear Box shell is fixedly connected, and for the other end on being mounted on rack chassis, the tail end of the cutterhead rack passes through fastening bolt and two Group locating plate connection, the front end of the cutterhead rack are connected with fertilising pipe, and fertilising manages and by being arranged on gearcase shell Two groups of support rods are fixed.

Beneficial effects of the present invention: present invention employs side power output, the rear end without the use of generalling use is direct-connected Power output further shortens the distance between agricultural machinery and implement hanger bracket and equipment unit, is conducive to be turned in small space To, turn around these operation；Speed change system principle of the invention uses three kinds of different structures, forms three sections and with their own characteristics opens Ditch machine, to meet the needs of different user；The present invention replaces different configuration machines by replacing dismountable gearcase component Tool, the functions such as achievable rotary tillage, weeding.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 a, 1b are structural schematic diagram of the invention；

Fig. 2 a, 2b are the schematic diagram of the gear group of the embodiment of the present invention 1 and 2；

Fig. 3 a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 3f, 3g, 3h, 3i, 3j, 3k, 3l be respectively in the embodiment of the present invention 1 and 2 belt it is defeated Enter axle assembly, the shaft assembly that reverses gear, central axis component, III gear switching shaft assembly, I component of deceleration axis, cutterhead reversion shaft assembly, knife Disk shift gears shaft assembly, cutterhead positive and negative rotation self-locking mechanism, back fork component, I gear II gear fork component, III gear pull-fork assembly and The schematic diagram of cutterhead commutation pull-fork assembly；

Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of 1 deceleration axis of the embodiment of the present invention, II component；

Fig. 5 a is the transmission principle figure of I gear of the walking of the embodiment of the present invention 1, II gear；

Fig. 5 b is III gear of the walking of the embodiment of the present invention 1, reverse gear schematic diagram；

Fig. 5 c is the positive and negative rotation transmission principle figure of 1 cutterhead output shaft of the embodiment of the present invention；

Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of 2 deceleration axis of the embodiment of the present invention, II component；

Fig. 7 a is the transmission principle figure of I gear of the walking of the embodiment of the present invention 2, II gear；

Fig. 7 b is III gear of the walking of the embodiment of the present invention 2, reverse gear schematic diagram；

Fig. 7 c is the positive and negative rotation transmission principle figure of 2 cutterhead output shaft of the embodiment of the present invention；

Fig. 8 a, 8b are the schematic diagram of the gear box casing of the embodiment of the present invention 1 and 2；

Fig. 9 a, 9b are the schematic diagram of 3 gear group of the embodiment of the present invention；

Figure 10 a, the schematic diagram that the 10b embodiment of the present invention 3 is gear box casing；

Figure 11 a, 11b, 11c, 11d, 11e, 11f, 11g, 11h, 11i, 11j, 11k, 11l, 11m are respectively that the present invention is implemented Belt input axle assembly, the shaft assembly that reverses gear, central axis component, speed gear switching shaft assembly, reduction of speed shaft assembly, differential in example 3 Device assembly, cutterhead reversion shaft assembly, cutterhead shift shaft assembly, cutterhead positive and negative rotation self-locking mechanism, back fork component, I gear, II gear The schematic diagram of pull-fork assembly, III gear pull-fork assembly and cutterhead commutation pull-fork assembly；

Figure 12 a is the transmission principle figure that I gear of gear walking reverses gear slowly of the embodiment of the present invention 3；

Figure 12 b is II gear of gear walking, the III gear transmission principle figure slowly of the embodiment of the present invention 3；

Figure 12 c is 3 speed gear of embodiment of the present invention shift transmission principle figure；

Figure 12 d is the transmission principle figure that I gear of gear walking reverses gear fastly of the embodiment of the present invention 3；

Figure 12 e is II gear of the walking of the embodiment of the present invention 3, III gear transmission principle figure；

Figure 12 f is the positive and negative rotation transmission principle figure of 3 cutterhead output shaft of the embodiment of the present invention；

Figure 13 is the schematic diagram of gear of the present invention shift self-locking device；

Figure 14 a, 14b, 14c, 14d are the schematic diagram of present invention output walking shaft assembly；

Figure 15 is the schematic diagram of crawler belt driven wheel of the present invention；

Figure 16 a and 16b are the schematic diagram of gearcase of the present invention.

Specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with attached drawing and specific embodiment, the present invention will be described in detail, herein illustrative examples of the invention And explanation is used to explain the present invention, but not as a limitation of the invention.

Embodiment 1

As shown in Fig. 1 a, 1b, 16a, 16b, the invention particularly discloses a kind of ditching machines, including are mounted on rack chassis Power mechanism on 700, and the gearbox 200 being connected by power with power mechanism, 200 front end of gearbox are connected and installed with The mounting base of detachable gearcase 500, the trench digging cutterhead power that gearbox 200 exports are transferred to trench digging cutterhead by gearcase On 400, the trench digging cutterhead 400 is equipped with along the more ditching knife 401 of its ring cloth, is equipped with driving in 200 lower part of gearbox The creeper undercarriage 800 and brake gear of ditching machine walking；The ditching machine further includes that driving trench digging cutterhead 400 is swung up and down Cutterhead hydraulicefficiency elevation structure.

The gearcase 500 includes pressing the input gear that power transmitting is set gradually in 501 inner cavity of gearcase shell 502, at least one set of intermediate gear 503, output gear 504, the input gear 502 are arranged on input shaft 508, in input tooth The rear and front end of wheel 502 is respectively equipped with bearing, which is stuck between flange 509 and gearcase shell 501, the flange 509 It is fixed with gearcase shell 501 by fixing bolt, the intermediate gear 503 is arranged on intermediate small axis 506 by bearing, institute The setting of output gear 504 is stated on output cutter shaft 505, which stretches out the extension outside gearcase shell 501 It is equipped with output bearing (ball) cover 510, trench digging cutterhead 400, the output bearing (ball) cover 510 passes through fastening with gearcase shell 501 Nut is fixed, and the two sides of the gearcase shell 510 are respectively fixed with trench digging earth-retaining grillage 402 or earthing earth-retaining grillage, and 501 tail end top of gearcase shell is equipped with the locating plate 511 of two pairs of symmetrical structures, is equipped on two pairs of locating plates 511 equidistant Two groups of apertures.

The tail end of the gearcase 500 is mounted on the semicircle groove of mounting base, and the both ends of the input shaft 508 are set respectively There is an input shaft bearing end cap, which cooperates fixed gearcase by semi-circular fastener and semicircle groove, described It is additionally provided with chain sprocket 512 on input shaft 508 and the ipsilateral one end of cutterhead shifting shaft 202, the positive and negative rotary chain wheel and cutterhead are shifted gears Axis 2020 passes through chain drive.

The cutterhead hydraulicefficiency elevation structure includes hydraulic cylinder 601 and cutterhead rack 602, one end of the hydraulic cylinder 601 and tooth Wheel box shell 501 is fixedly connected, and on being mounted on rack chassis 700, the tail end of the cutterhead rack 602 passes through tight the other end Fixing bolt is connect with two groups of locating plates 512, and the front end of the cutterhead rack 602 is connected with fertilising pipe 603, and fertilising pipe 603 simultaneously leads to It is fixed to cross two groups of support rods 604 being arranged on gearcase shell 501.

Fig. 2 a, 2b, 3i, 3j, 3k, 8a, 8b, shown in 13, the invention particularly discloses a kind of gearbox, which includes Gear box casing 200, belt input axle assembly 201, output walking shaft assembly 300, the belt input on axle assembly 201 Belt input shaft 2010 and output walking shaft assembly 300 on drive shaft 303 protrude into gear box casing 200, the change A transfer gear train is equipped in fast tank shell 200, which includes reverse gear shaft assembly 203, central axis component 209, III Gear switching shaft assembly 208, I component 210 of deceleration axis, II component 213 of deceleration axis, cutterhead invert shaft assembly 204, cutterhead shifting shaft group Part 202, the gear on the belt input shaft 2010 are nibbled with the gear to reverse gear on shaft assembly 203 and central axis component 209 respectively It closes, the gear to reverse gear on shaft assembly 203 is also engaged with the gear on central axis component 209, on the central axis component 209 Gear respectively with III gear switching shaft assembly 208 and cutterhead reversion shaft assembly 204 on gear engage, it is described III keep off switching shaft group Gear on part 208 is engaged with the gear on I component 210 of deceleration axis, the gear on I component 210 of deceleration axis and the drop Gear on fast II component 213 of axis engages, and the gear on II component 213 of deceleration axis imparts power to output walking axle again Component；

The belt input axle assembly 201 and III gear switching shaft assembly 208 are equipped with pull-fork assembly, the pull-fork assembly Including I gear and II gear pull-fork assembly 207, back fork component 211 and III gear pull-fork assembly 212, I gear and II gear shift fork Component 207 includes I gear and II gear shift fork axle 2071, and I gear and II fixed by fastening bolt with I gear and II gear shift fork axle Shift fork part 2070 is kept off, on belt input axle assembly 201, I gear and II gear are dialled for I gear and II gear 2070 clamping lock of shift fork part 2071 one end of fork shaft is equipped with left groove and right groove around I gear and II gear 2071 outer diameter of shift fork axle, I gear and II gear shift fork 2071 other end of axis is equipped with a through-hole；The back fork component 211 include back fork axis 2111, and with back fork axis The 2111 back fork parts 2110 fixed by fastening bolt, 2110 clamping lock of back fork part input axle assembly in belt On 201, it is recessed that described 2111 one end of back fork axis is equipped with the left groove around 2111 outer diameter of back fork axis, intermediate groove and the right side Slot, 2111 other end of back fork axis are equipped with a through-hole；The III gear pull-fork assembly 212 includes III gear shift fork axle 2121, and the III gear shift fork part 2120 fixed by fastening bolt with III gear shift fork axle 2121, the III gear card of shift fork part 2120 On III gear switching shaft assembly 208, III gear, 2121 one end of shift fork axle is equipped with around III gear 2121 outer diameter of shift fork axle lock Left groove and right groove, III gear, 2121 other end of shift fork axle are equipped with a through-hole；It is described I gear and II gear shift fork axle 2071, The both ends of back fork axis 2111 and III gear shift fork axle 2121 are stretched out outside gear box casing 200, and one end connects with gear lever respectively It connects, the other end of I gear and II gear shift fork axle 2071, back fork axis 2111 and III gear shift fork axle 2121 extends respectively to keep off In 3 groups of long holes 2060 in position shift self-locking device 206, gear shift self-locking device 206 is equipped with 3 groups of short-bore 2063, and this 3 groups Short-bore 2063 and 3 group long hole 2060 is respectively perpendicular, and shift gears self-locking steel ball 2062 and shift compression are equipped in 3 groups of short-bore 2063 Spring 2061, the depth of the left groove, intermediate groove and right groove are identical as the radius of self-locking steel ball 2062 of shifting gears.

When the intermediate groove face shifts gears self-locking steel ball 2062, self-locking steel ball 2062 of shifting gears is in shift compressed spring It is embedded in the groove under 2061 pressure effect, speed change system is in neutral gear position, when left groove or right groove face are shifted gears certainly When locking steel ball 2062, self-locking steel ball 2062 of shifting gears is embedded in the groove under the pressure effect of shift compressed spring, speed change system In I gear or II gear or III gear or position of reversing gear；When needing to shift gears, by gear lever to I gear and II gear shift fork axle 2071 or Back fork axis 2111 or III gear shift fork axle 2121 apply certain axial force, overcome the pressure of compressed spring 2061, and will change It keeps off self-locking steel ball 2062 to squeeze out and pushed back in hole from left groove or right groove or intermediate groove, I gear and II gear shift fork axle 2071 Or back fork axis 2111 or III gear shift fork axle 2121 can slip over the self-locking steel ball 2062 of shift and drive its corresponding shift fork part And power shift gear axial movement, when I gear and II gear shift fork axle 2071 or back fork axis 2111 or III gear shift fork axle 2121 move to To timing, steel ball is pressed into again in the groove for another groove and steel ball, and speed change system just changes to another work gear or moves back Enter neutral gear, the distance between adjacent grooves guarantee that gear is in the long engagement of full tooth or exits engagement completely.

Shown in Fig. 3 g, 3h, 3l, the cutterhead shift shaft assembly 202 includes cutterhead shifting shaft 2020, and is arranged in cutterhead Cutterhead positive and negative rotation gear self-locking mechanism on shifting shaft 2020, the cutterhead positive and negative rotation gear self-locking mechanism include setting cutterhead just Self-locking hole 2023 on reversing shaft 2020, and the commutation compressed spring and reversing self-locking steel ball that are mounted in self-locking hole 2023, And shift balladeur train 2022, the first equal groove of spacing, second are equipped in shift 2022 inner hole axial direction of balladeur train Groove and third groove, the depth of first groove, the second groove and third groove and the radius of reversing self-locking steel ball It is identical；The cutterhead shift assembly 202 further includes the left and right cutterhead shift axle bearing positioned at shift 2022 two sides of balladeur train, It shifts gears in left and right cutterhead and inlays bushing between axle bearing and cutterhead shifting shaft；The shift balladeur train 2022 divide for gear part and Smooth extension, is equipped with positioning groove 2021 along its outer diameter on smooth extension, which is used for fixation cutter head The cutterhead commutation shift fork part 2050 to commutate on pull-fork assembly 205, cutterhead commutation shift fork part 2050 are fixed on knife by fastening bolt Disk commutates in shift fork axle 2051, and the cutterhead commutation 2051 one end of shift fork axle is equipped with a through-hole, the cutterhead commutation shift fork axle 2051 other end fixture ring sets.

When the second groove face reversing self-locking steel ball on 2022 inner hole of balladeur train of shifting gears, reversing self-locking steel ball is being changed It is acted in the corresponding groove of lower insertion to the pressure of compressed spring, the axial position of shift balladeur train 2022 is fixed on neutral gear position It sets；When the first groove or third groove face reversing self-locking steel ball on 2022 inner hole of balladeur train of shifting gears, reversing self-locking Steel ball is embedded in corresponding groove under the pressure effect of commutation compressed spring, and the axial position of shift balladeur train 2022 is fixed In positive and negative rotation work gear, to prevent cutterhead positive and negative rotation gear automatic shifting and automatic off-gear, and guarantee positive and negative rotation driving cog Wheel is with the long accurate engagement of full tooth；When needing to shift gears, certain axial direction is applied to cutterhead commutation shift fork axle 2051 by gear lever Power, cutterhead commutation shift fork part 2050 push shift balladeur train 2022 to overcome the pressure of commutation compressed spring, and by reversing self-locking Steel ball is squeezed out from the first groove or the second groove or third groove and is pushed back in self-locking hole 2023, and shift balladeur train can be slided Cross the axial movement of reversing self-locking steel ball；When another groove is moved to steel ball face, it is recessed that reversing self-locking steel ball is pressed into this again In slot, speed change system just changes to positive and negative rotation work gear or is retracted into neutral gear.

Shown in Fig. 3 a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 3f, 4 and 14a, 14b, the belt input axle assembly 201 includes that belt is defeated Enter axis 2010,2010 front end of belt input shaft is stretched out outside gear box casing 200, and is connect with belt pulley, and speed change is located at Belt input shaft 2010 inside tank shell 200 is equipped with belt bearing of input shaft 2011, wheel shaft slides duplex moving gear 2012, The wheel shaft balladeur train 2013, III that reverses gear keeps off gear 2014 and the belt block 2015 of 2010 end of belt input shaft is arranged in, Wheel shaft sliding duplex moving gear 2012, wheel shaft reverse gear balladeur train 2013 and III gear gear 2014 along belt input shaft 2010 hold radial revolution；

The shaft assembly 203 that reverses gear includes reverse gear shaft 2030, which is made of minor diameter and major diameter portion, It is provided with to reverse gear in minor diameter and driving gear 2032 and reverse gear driven gear 2031, described reverse gear and is fallen at driving gear 2032 It keeps off and is equipped with neck bush between driven gear 2031 and minor diameter, and the bushing by being located in minor diameter blocks down axially Driving gear 2032 is kept off, driving gear 2032 and the driven gear 2031 that reverses gear of reversing gear is duplicate gear, in reverse gear shaft 2030 Radial revolution；

The central axis component 209 includes that the central axis III on centrally disposed axis 2090 keeps off gear 2094, central axis master Gear 2093, central axis II keep off gear 2092, central axis I keeps off gear 2091, and the both ends of the central axis 2090 are separately mounted to On the central axis bearing bore diameter of left and right, is kept off in central axis III and is equipped with dividing bush between gear 2094 and central axis master gear 2093, Gear 2092 is kept off in central axis II and central axis I keeps off and is equipped with interstage bushing between gear 2091, and the central axis 2090 is spline Axis, the central axis II keeps off gear 2092 and central axis I keeps off gear 2091 and slides axially on 2090 spline of central axis, hangs respectively I gear, II gear and positive and negative rotation gear；The central axis III keeps off gear 2094 and central axis master gear 2093 on 2090 spline of central axis It slides axially, hang III gear respectively and reverses gear；

The III gear switching shaft assembly 208 includes III gear switching first gear 2081 being arranged on III gear switching shaft 2080 With III gear switching second gear 2082, the III gear switching first gear 2090 and III gear switching second gear 2082 are double Linkage gear, in the radial revolution of III gear switching shaft 2082, the both ends of the III gear switching shaft 2082 are separately mounted to left and right switching On axle bearing internal diameter；

The reduction of speed shaft assembly includes II component 213 of I component 210 of deceleration axis and deceleration axis, I component 210 of deceleration axis Including I second gear 2102 of I first gear 2101 of deceleration axis and deceleration axis being arranged on deceleration axis I 2100, the deceleration axis I I first gear 2101 of deceleration axis and I second gear 2102 of deceleration axis on 2100 are duplex moving gears, in I 2100 diameter of deceleration axis To revolution, the both ends of the deceleration axis I 2100 are mounted on I bearing bore diameter of left and right deceleration axis, in left I bearing of deceleration axis and reduction of speed It is equipped with dividing bush between I 2100 first gear of axis, I first gear 2101 of deceleration axis and I second gear 2102 of deceleration axis are blocked In the gear part of deceleration axis I 2100；

II component 213 of deceleration axis includes II first gear 2130 of deceleration axis being arranged on deceleration axis II 2131, drop Fast II second gear 2132 of axis, II third deceleration gear 2133 of deceleration axis, the both ends of the deceleration axis II 2131 are separately mounted to On II bearing bore diameter of left and right deceleration axis, in II first deceleration gear 2130 of deceleration axis and II second deceleration gear 2132 of deceleration axis and Interstage bushing, the drop are respectively equipped between II third deceleration gear 2133 of II second deceleration gear 2132 of deceleration axis and deceleration axis Fast axis II 2131 is splined shaft；

Described cutterhead reversing shaft group 204 include the reversion first gear 2041 being arranged on reversing shaft 2040, reversion the Two gears 2042, the both ends of the reversing shaft 2040 are separately mounted on the reversing shaft bearing bore diameter of left and right, the first tooth of the reversion Wheel 2041 and reversion second gear 2042 are linkage gears, in the radial revolution of reversing shaft 2040, in left reversion axle bearing and reversion It is equipped with dividing bush between first gear 2041, reversion first gear 2041 and reversion second gear 2042 are stuck in reversing shaft In 2040 gear part；

The output walking shaft assembly 300 includes symmetrically arranged two groups of walking shaft assemblies, and the walking shaft assembly includes The tooth form clutch being mounted in drive shaft 303, the tooth form clutch include the walking output of installation on the driving shaft Gear 301, bearing block shell 304, control stick mounting base 310, removable clutch cover 309, walking sprocket wheel 302, the bearing block Bearing 305 is equipped in shell 304, which is mounted in drive shaft 303, bearing 305 and removable clutch cover 309 it Between be equipped with return spring 306, be located at 308 inner cavity of operating stick mounting base, manual behaviour be installed in the operating stick mounting base 308 Vertical pole 310, the manual lever 310 and the interconnecting piece of operating stick mounting base 308 are hinged, and protrude into operating stick mounting base 308 Chamber is fastened on fixed groove 307, which is arranged in removable clutch cover 309 close to one end of return spring 306 On, it is equipped with external gear teeth 312 along its outer diameter on removable 309 other end of clutch cover, is equipped on 302 inner wall of walking sprocket wheel The internal tooth casing 311 for cooperating external gear teeth 312 is equipped with end cap on the side wall of separate removable clutch cover 309 in walking sprocket wheel 302 314, positioning bearing is equipped between end cap 314 and walking sprocket wheel 302, and close equipped with one between end cap 314 and positioning bearing Packing 313.

Two groups of symmetrically arranged walking shaft assemblies control the left and right turn of machine respectively, when machine normal walking, move Clutch cover 309 is in bonding state, and when machine turns to, removable clutch cover 309 necessarily is in discrete state, this discrete state It is to be stirred by external clutch for clutch control bar 310 to control；Clutch normal condition is normal bonding state, is divided when needing to disengage From when, only need to stir manual joystick 310, overcome 306 elastic force of return spring, the separation of transmission can be realized.

Shown in Figure 15, the drive shaft 303 drives walking sprocket wheel 302, drives crawler belt by the walking sprocket wheel 302 of rotation Walking mechanism movement 800, and tensile force is provided by the track tension wheel 801 on creeper undercarriage 800, it is driven by crawler belt 802 support ditching machine walking of wheel；The crawler belt driven wheel 802 is mounted on rack supporting beam lower end, both ends driven wheel outer circle lower end It is pressed in 803 inner ring surface of crawler belt, support machine walking, the crawler belt driven wheel 802 further includes follower shaft 8022, dust slinger 8025, bearing and fuel filler neck 8024, the driven wheel 8021 are located at the both ends of follower shaft 8022, are equipped in the outside of driven wheel Gasket, and be fixed on follower shaft 8022 by fastening bolt, bearing is arranged between both ends driven wheel 8021, in bearing Outside be equipped with one layer of dust slinger 8025, on dust slinger 8025 be equipped with a fuel filler neck 8024.

The power transmission approach of the crawler travel of the ditching machine:

1. I, II gear of walking: belt pulley → 2012 → central axis of belt input shaft 2010 → wheel shaft double-sliding gear II is kept off Gear 2092 or central axis I keep off the gear switching gear switching of first gear 2081, III of 2091 → central axis of gear master gear 2093 → III 2082 → deceleration axis of second gear, I first gear 2101, I 2102 → deceleration axis of second gear of deceleration axis, II second gear 2132 → II first gear 2133 of deceleration axis, II third gear 2130 → walking, 301 → drive shaft of output gear 303 → walking of deceleration axis Sprocket wheel 302；

2. III gear of walking reverses gear: slide teeth that belt pulley → belt input shaft 2010 → III keeps off gear 2014 or wheel shaft reverses gear 2013 → the driving gear 2032 that reverses gear of wheel, reverse gear 2031 → central axis of driven gear master gear 2093 or the gear gear of central axis III 2094 → III gear switching first gear 2081, III gear switching 2082 → deceleration axis of second gear, I first gears 2101, deceleration axis I 2102 → deceleration axis of second gear, II 2132 → deceleration axis of second gear, II first gear 2130, II third gear 2133 of deceleration axis → walking 301 → driving wheel of output gear, 303 → walking sprocket wheel 303；

The power transmission approach of trench digging cutterhead positive and negative rotation:

Cutterhead output shaft positive and negative rotation: belt pulley → belt input shaft 2010 → wheel shaft, 2012 → central axis of double-sliding gear I gear 2091 → central axis of gear master gear 2093 → reversion first gear 2042, reversion second gear 2041 → shift slide teeth Wheel 2022 → cutterhead shifting shaft, 2020 → chain sprocket, 512 → input gear, 502 → intermediate gear, 503 → output gear 504 → Trench digging cutterhead 400.

Embodiment 2

If the invention particularly discloses a kind of ditching machines by Fig. 1 a, 1b, 16a, 16b, including being mounted on rack chassis 700 Power mechanism, and the gearbox 200 being connected by power with power mechanism, 200 front end of gearbox are connected and installed with detachable tooth The mounting base of box 500 is taken turns, the trench digging cutterhead power that gearbox 200 exports is transferred on trench digging cutterhead 400 by gearcase, described Cutterhead 400 of ditching is equipped with along the more ditching knife 401 of its ring cloth, is equipped with driving ditching machine walking in 200 lower part of gearbox Creeper undercarriage 800 and brake gear；The ditching machine further includes driving the cutterhead that cutterhead 400 is swung up and down of ditching hydraulic Elevating mechanism.

The gearcase 500 includes pressing the input gear that power transmitting is set gradually in 501 inner cavity of gearcase shell 502, at least one set of intermediate gear 503, output gear 504, the input gear 502 are arranged on input shaft 508, in input tooth The rear and front end of wheel 502 is respectively equipped with bearing, which is stuck between flange 509 and gearcase shell 501, the flange 509 It is fixed with gearcase shell 501 by fixing bolt, the intermediate gear 503 is arranged on intermediate small axis 506 by bearing, institute The setting of output gear 504 is stated on output cutter shaft 505, which stretches out the extension outside gearcase shell 501 Portion is equipped with output bearing (ball) cover 510, trench digging cutterhead 400, and the output bearing (ball) cover 510 passes through tight with gearcase shell 501 Gu nut is fixed, the two sides of the gearcase shell 510 are respectively fixed with trench digging earth-retaining grillage 402 or earthing earth-retaining grillage, and It is equipped with the locating plate 511 of two pairs of symmetrical structures on 501 tail end top of gearcase shell, is equipped on two pairs of locating plates 511 Away from two groups of apertures.

Different from embodiment 1, in embodiment 2, the differential mechanism of turning, differential mechanism and deceleration axis are installed in gearbox The gear of II component engages, as shown in fig. 6, II component of the deceleration axis includes the deceleration axis being arranged on II 2130A of deceleration axis II intermediate gear 2131A, II pinion gear 2132A of deceleration axis, the both ends of II 2130A of deceleration axis are separately mounted to left and right drop On fast II bearing bore diameter of axis, in II intermediate gear 2131A of deceleration axis and II pinion gear 2132A of deceleration axis and left and right deceleration axis II Bushing is respectively equipped between bearing, II 2130A of deceleration axis is splined shaft；The II pinion gear 2132A of deceleration axis and differential Differential mechanism gear wheel engagement on device, the differential mechanism canine tooth wheel drive planetary wheel carrier, then left and right drive shaft is driven by planetary gear；

As shown in figure 14 c, the output walking shaft assembly includes symmetrically arranged two groups of walking shaft assemblies, the walking axle Component 300A includes the tooth form clutch being mounted on drive shaft 303A, and the tooth form clutch includes being mounted on drive shaft Bearing block shell 304A, walking sprocket wheel 302A on 303A, the bearing block shell is interior to be equipped with bearing 301A, bearing 301A peace On drive shaft 303A, axle envelope part is fixed with by screw in the bearing block shell 304A both ends of the surface, which is used for Bearing is sealed, the walking sprocket wheel 302A setting is in driving the tip of the axis, far from bearing block shell on walking sprocket wheel 302A It is fixed with end cap 305A on the side wall of the one end 304A, a gasket is equipped on the inside of end cap 305A, is fixed on by fixing bolt In drive shaft；Due to being equipped with the differential mechanism of turning in gearbox, in walking axle it is not required to that clutch is installed again at left and right sides of machine Mechanism.

The power transmission approach of the crawler travel of the ditching machine:

1. I, II gear of walking: belt pulley → 2012 → central axis of belt input shaft 2010 → wheel shaft double-sliding gear II is kept off Gear 2092 or central axis I keep off the gear switching gear switching of first gear 2081, III of 2091 → central axis of gear master gear 2093 → III 2082 → deceleration axis of second gear, I first gear 2101, I 2102 → deceleration axis of second gear of deceleration axis, II central gear 2131A, II pinion gear 2132A of deceleration axis → differential mechanism gear wheel → planetary gear → drive shaft 303A → walking sprocket wheel 302A；

2. III gear of walking reverses gear: slide teeth that belt pulley → belt input shaft 2010 → III keeps off gear 2014 or wheel shaft reverses gear 2013 → the driving gear 2032 that reverses gear of wheel, reverse gear 2031 → central axis of driven gear master gear 2093 or the gear gear of central axis III 2094 → III gear switching first gear 2081, III gear switching 2082 → deceleration axis of second gear, I first gears 2011, deceleration axis I 2012 → deceleration axis of second gear, II central gear 2131A, II pinion gear 2132A of deceleration axis → differential mechanism gear wheel → planetary gear → drive shaft 303A → walking sprocket wheel 302A.

Embodiment 3

Fig. 9 a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11j, 11k, 11l, shown in 13, the gearbox includes that gear box casing 200, belt are defeated Enter axle assembly 201A, output walking shaft assembly 300A, the belt inputs the belt input shaft 2010A on axle assembly 201A It protrudes into gear box casing 200 with the drive shaft 303A on output walking shaft assembly 300A, is set in the gear box casing 200 There is a transfer gear train, which includes reverse gear shaft assembly 203, central axis component 209A, speed gear switching shaft assembly 208A, reduction of speed shaft assembly 210B, differential shaft wheel assembly 213A, cutterhead reversion shaft assembly 204, cutterhead shift shaft assembly 202A and Output walking shaft assembly 300A, gear on the belt input shaft 2010A respectively with shaft assembly 203 and the central axis component of reversing gear Gear engagement on 209A, the gear to reverse gear on shaft assembly 203 is also engaged with the gear on central axis component 209A, described The gear that gear on central axis component 209A is kept off respectively with speed on switching shaft assembly 208A and cutterhead reversion shaft assembly 204 is nibbled It closes, the gear on the speed gear switching shaft assembly 208A is engaged with the gear on reduction of speed shaft assembly 210B, the deceleration axis group The gear in gear engagement on part 210B is engaged with the gear on differential shaft wheel assembly 213A, the differential shaft wheel assembly 213A On gear impart power to again output walking shaft assembly；

The belt input axle assembly 201A and speed gear switching shaft assembly 208A are equipped with pull-fork assembly, the shift fork Component includes that I gear and back fork component 211A, II gear and III gear pull-fork assembly 207A and speed keep off pull-fork assembly 212A, institute It states I gear and back fork component 211A includes I gear and back fork axis 2111A, and is logical with I gear and back fork axis 2111A Fastening bolt fixed I gear and back fork part 2110A are crossed, I gear and back fork part 2110A clamping lock are in belt input wheel shaft On component 201A, I gear and back fork one end axis 2111A are equipped with recessed around a left side for I gear and back fork axis 2111A outer diameter Slot, intermediate groove and right groove, I gear and the another one end 2111A of back fork axis are equipped with a through-hole；II gear and III gear are dialled Pitching component 207A includes that II gear and III keep off shift fork pumping 2071A, and take out 2071A with II gear and III gear shift fork and consolidated by fastening bolt Fixed II gear and III gear shift fork part 2070A, II gear and III gear shift fork part 2070A clamping lock input axle assembly 201A in belt On, II gear and III gear shift fork take out the one end 2071A and are equipped with left groove, the intermediate groove for surrounding back fork axis 2071A outer diameter And right groove, II gear and III gear shift fork take out the 2071A other end and are equipped with a through-hole；The speed keeps off pull-fork assembly 212A packet Speed gear shift fork axle 2121A is included, and keeps off shift fork axle 2121A with speed and shift fork part is kept off by the fixed speed of fastening bolt 2120A, the speed shelves shift fork part 2120A clamping lock are kept off on switching shaft assembly 208A in speed, and the speed keeps off shift fork axle 2121A One end is equipped with left groove and right groove around speed gear shift fork axle 2121A outer diameter, and the speed keeps off the shift fork axle 2121A other end Equipped with a through-hole；

The two of I gear and back fork axis 2111A, II gear and III gear shift fork pumping 2071A, speed gear shift fork axle 2121A End stretch out gear box casing 200 outside, one end connect with gear lever respectively, it is described I gear and back fork axis 2111A, II keep off and The other end that III gear shift fork pumping 2071A, speed keep off shift fork axle 2121A extends respectively to 3 groups long in gear shift self-locking device 206 In hole 2060, the gear shift self-locking device 206 is equipped with 3 groups of short-bore 2063, which divides It is not vertical, be equipped with shift gears self-locking steel ball 2062 and shift compressed spring 2061 in 3 groups of short-bore 2063, the left groove, in Between the depth of groove and right groove it is identical as the radius of self-locking steel ball 2062 of shifting gears.

When the intermediate groove face shifts gears self-locking steel ball 2062, self-locking steel ball 2062 of shifting gears is in shift compressed spring It is embedded in the groove under 2061 pressure effect, speed change system is in neutral gear position, when left groove or right groove face are shifted gears certainly When locking steel ball 2062, self-locking steel ball 2062 of shifting gears is embedded in the groove under the pressure effect of shift compressed spring 2061, speed change System is in I gear kept off slowly or II gear or III gear or position of reversing gear；Or speed change system is in I gear kept off fastly or II gear or III gear Or position of reversing gear；When needing to shift gears, I gear and the gear of back fork axis 2111A or II and III gear shift fork are taken out by gear lever 2071A or speed gear shift fork axle 2121A apply certain axial force, overcome the pressure of compressed spring 2061, and it is self-locking to shift gears Steel ball 2062 is squeezed out from left groove or right groove or intermediate groove and is pushed back in hole, I gear and the gear of back fork axis 2111A or II And III gear shift fork take out 2071A or speed gear shift fork axle 2121A and can slip over the self-locking steel ball 2062 of shift and drive its corresponding group Fork and power shift gear axial movement, when I gear and the gear of back fork axis 2111A or II and III gear shift fork take out 2071A or speed gear Shift fork axle 2121A moves to another groove and self-locking steel ball 2062 of shifting gears is to timing, and self-locking steel ball 2062 of shifting gears is pressed into this again In groove, speed change system just changes to another work gear or is retracted into neutral gear, and the distance between adjacent grooves guarantee that gear is in Full tooth is long to engage or exits completely engagement.

Shown in Figure 11 h, 11i, 11m, the cutterhead shift shaft assembly 202A includes cutterhead shifting shaft 2020A, and setting Cutterhead positive and negative rotation idler gear 2023A and cutterhead positive and negative rotation gear self-locking mechanism on cutterhead shifting shaft 2020A, the cutterhead is just Inverting gear self-locking mechanism includes the self-locking hole 2024A being arranged on cutterhead shifting shaft 2020A, and is mounted on self-locking hole Commutation compressed spring and reversing self-locking steel ball in 2024A, and shift balladeur train 2022A, in shift balladeur train 2022A Inner hole axial direction is equipped with equal the first groove, the second groove and the third groove of spacing, first groove, the second groove with And the depth of third groove is identical as the radius of reversing self-locking steel ball；

The cutterhead shift assembly 202A further includes being located at cutterhead positive and negative rotation idler gear 2023A and shift balladeur train The left and right cutterhead shift axle bearing of the two sides 2022A, shifts gears in left and right cutterhead and inlays between axle bearing and cutterhead shifting shaft 2020A Bushing；The shift balladeur train 2022A points are gear part and smooth extension, are equipped with and determine along its outer diameter on smooth extension The cutterhead commutation shift fork part 2050 of position groove 2021A, positioning groove 2021A on fixation cutter head commutation pull-fork assembly 205, Cutterhead commutation shift fork part 2050 is fixed on cutterhead by fastening bolt and commutates in shift fork axle 2051, the cutterhead commutation shift fork axle 2051 one end are equipped with a through-hole, cutterhead commutation 2051 other end fixture ring set of shift fork axle.

When the second groove face reversing self-locking steel ball on balladeur train 2022A inner hole of shifting gears, reversing self-locking steel ball exists In the corresponding groove of the lower insertion of pressure effect for the compressed spring that commutates, the axial position of shift balladeur train 2022A is fixed on sky Gear is set；When the first groove or third groove face reversing self-locking steel ball on balladeur train 2022A inner hole of shifting gears, commutation Self-locking steel ball is embedded in corresponding groove under the pressure effect of commutation compressed spring, the axial position for the balladeur train 2022A that shifts gears It sets and is fixed on positive and negative rotation work gear, to prevent cutterhead positive and negative rotation gear automatic shifting and automatic off-gear, and guarantee positive and negative rotation Transmission gear is with the long accurate engagement of full tooth；When needing to shift gears, cutterhead commutation shift fork axle 2051 is applied centainly by gear lever Axial force, cutterhead commutation shift fork part 2050 pushes shift balladeur train 2022A to overcome the pressure of commutation compressed spring, and will change It squeezes out and pushes back in self-locking hole from the first groove or the second groove or third groove to self-locking steel ball, balladeur train of shifting gears 2022A can slip over the axial movement of reversing self-locking steel ball；When another groove is moved to steel ball face, reversing self-locking steel ball It is pressed into the groove again, speed change system just changes to positive and negative rotation work gear or is retracted into neutral gear.

Shown in Figure 11 a, 11b, 11c, 11d, 11e, 11f, 11g and 14d, the belt input axle assembly 201A further includes Belt bearing of input shaft 2011A on belt input shaft 2010A, II gear and III gear double-sliding gear 2012A, I gear are set And the balladeur train 2013A that reverses gear, cutterhead transmission gear 2014A and the belt block that the end belt input shaft 2010A is set 2015A, II gear and III gear double-sliding gear 2012A, I gear and reverse gear balladeur train 2013A and cutterhead transmission gear 2014A is radially turned round along belt input shaft 2010A；The front end belt input shaft 2010A is stretched out outside gear box casing 200, And it is connect with belt pulley；

The central axis component 209A includes central axis idler gear 2095A, central axis on centrally disposed axis 2090A I gear gear 2094A, central axis III keep off gear 2093A, low-speed gear 2092A and central axis II and keep off gear 2091A, the center The both ends of axis 2090A are separately mounted on the central axis bearing bore diameter of left and right, keep off gear 2094A in central axis I and central axis III is kept off Dividing bush is equipped between gear 2093A；

The speed gear switching shaft assembly 208A includes the switching idler gear being arranged on speed gear switching shaft 2080A 2083A, switching gear wheel 2081A and switching pinion gear 2082A, the switching gear wheel 2081A and switching pinion gear 2082A are Duplex moving gear, the duplex moving gear and switching idler gear 2083A are radially turned round in speed gear switching shaft 2080A, described fast The both ends of slow gear switching shaft 2080A are separately mounted on the switching shaft bearing bore diameter of left and right；

The reduction of speed shaft assembly 210B includes the reduction of speed pinion gear 2102B and reduction of speed gear wheel being arranged on deceleration axis 210B 2101B, the reduction of speed pinion gear 2102B and reduction of speed gear wheel 2101B are duplex moving gears, are radially turned round in deceleration axis 2100B, The both ends of the deceleration axis 2100B are separately mounted on the deceleration axis bearing bore diameter of left and right, in reduction of speed pinion gear 2102B and left reduction of speed It is equipped with dividing bush between axle bearing, reduction of speed pinion gear 2102B and reduction of speed gear wheel 2101B are stuck in the tooth of deceleration axis 2100B In wheel portion；

The gearbox further includes differential assembly 213A, and the differential assembly 213A includes being arranged in differential axle Differential mechanism gear wheel 2132A, left side pinion gear 2131A and right side pinion gear 2133A, the differential axle 2130A on 2130A Both ends be separately mounted on the internal diameter of left and right differential bearing, the differential mechanism gear wheel 2132A and reduction of speed pinion gear 2102B Engagement, and planetary gear set is driven, then by pinion gear 2131A and right side pinion gear 2133A on the left of planet gear drives, the left side Side pinion 2131A and right side pinion gear 2133A is engaged with the walking output gear 301A on drive shaft 303A respectively；

Cutterhead reversion shaft assembly 204 includes the reversion first gear 2042 being arranged on reversing shaft 2040, reversion the Two gears 2041, the both ends of the reversing shaft 2040 are separately mounted on the reversing shaft bearing bore diameter of left and right, the first tooth of the reversion Wheel 2042 and reversion second gear 2041 are linkage gears, in the radial revolution of reversing shaft 2040, in left reversion axle bearing and reversion It is equipped with dividing bush between first gear 2042, reversion first gear 2042 and reversion second gear 2041 are stuck in reversing shaft In 2040 gear part；

The output walking shaft assembly 300A includes symmetrically arranged two groups of walking axis mechanisms, and the walking axis mechanism includes The tooth form clutch being mounted on drive shaft 303A, the tooth form clutch include the walking being mounted on drive shaft 303A It is equipped with bearing 305A in output gear 301A, bearing block shell 304A and walking sprocket wheel 302A, the bearing block shell 304A, it should Bearing 305A is mounted on drive shaft 303A, is fixed with axle envelope part by screw in the bearing block shell 304A both ends of the surface, should For axle envelope part for sealing bearing, the end of driving wheel 303A is arranged in the walking sprocket wheel 302A, remote on walking sprocket wheel 302A It holds off axis and is fixed with end cap 306A on the side wall of the one end seat shell body 304A, a gasket is equipped on the inside of end cap 306A, by solid It is fixed on the driving shaft to determine bolt；

Be not required in walking axle to install again due to being equipped with the differential mechanism of turning in machine gearbox, at left and right sides of machine from Mechanism is closed, power passes to the gear in walking axle by the deceleration gear of two sides in gearbox, and gear passes through transmission shaft and spline Power synchronous is passed into outermost sprocket wheel, drives crawler travel.

Shown in Figure 15, the drive shaft 303A drives walking sprocket wheel 302A, is driven and is carried out by the walking sprocket wheel 302A of rotation Band walking mechanism movement 800, and provide tensile force by the track tension wheel 801 on creeper undercarriage 800, by crawler belt from Driving wheel 802 supports ditching machine walking；The crawler belt driven wheel 802 is mounted on rack supporting beam lower end, under the driven wheel outer circle of both ends Side pressure supports machine walking, the crawler belt driven wheel 802 further includes follower shaft 8022, dustproof baffle in 803 inner ring surface of crawler belt Circle 8025, bearing and fuel filler neck 8024, the driven wheel 8021 are located at the both ends of follower shaft 8022, set on the outside of driven wheel There is gasket, and be fixed on follower shaft 8022 by fastening bolt, bearing is arranged between both ends driven wheel 8021, in axis The outside held is equipped with one layer of dust slinger 8025, and a fuel filler neck 8024 is equipped on dust slinger 8025.

Shown in Figure 11 a, 11b, 11c, 11d, 11e, the power transmission approach of the crawler travel of ditching machine:

1. the slow gear I of walking keeps off and reverses gear: belt pulley → belt input shaft 2010A → I gear and the balladeur train 2013A that reverses gear → the driving gear 2032 that reverses gear, the 2031 → central axis of driven gear I that reverses gear keep off gear 2094A → low-speed gear 2092A → switching Idler gear 2083A → switching gear wheel 2081A, switching pinion gear 2082A → reduction of speed gear wheel 2101B, reduction of speed pinion gear 2102B → difference device gear wheel 2132A → left side pinion gear 2131A, right side pinion gear 2133A → walking output gear 301A → Driving wheel 303A → walking sprocket wheel 302A；

2. slow II gear of gear of walking and III gear: belt pulley → belt input shaft 2010A → II gear and III gear double-sliding gear 2092A → central axis III keeps off gear 2093A or central axis II keeps off gear 2091A → low-speed gear 2092A → switching neutral gear gear 2083A → switching gear wheel 2081A, switching pinion gear 2082A → reduction of speed gear wheel 2101B, reduction of speed pinion gear 2102B → poor Number device gear wheel 2132A → left side pinion gear 2131A, right side pinion gear 2133A → walking output gear 301A → driving wheel 303A → walking sprocket wheel 302A；

3. speed gear shift position: central axis 2090A → low-speed gear 2092A → switching neutral gear gear 2083A → switching is big Gear 2081A, switching pinion gear 2082A → reduction of speed gear wheel 2101B；

4. the fast gear I of walking keeps off and reverses gear: belt pulley → belt input shaft 2010A → I gear and the balladeur train 2010A that reverses gear → the driving gear 2032 that reverses gear, the 2031 → central axis of driven gear I that reverses gear gear gear 2094A → switching gear wheel 2081A, switching Pinion gear 2082A → reduction of speed gear wheel 2101B, reduction of speed pinion gear 2102B → difference device gear wheel 2132A → left side pinion gear 2131A, right side pinion gear 2133A → walking output gear 301A → driving wheel 303A → walking sprocket wheel 302A；

5. fast II gear of gear of walking and III gear: belt pulley → belt input shaft 2010A → II gear and III gear double-sliding gear 2092A → central axis III keeps off gear 2093A or the gear of central axis II gear 2091A → gear gear 2094A → switching of central axis I is big Gear 2081A, switching pinion gear 2082A → reduction of speed gear wheel 2101B, reduction of speed pinion gear 2102B → difference device gear wheel 2132A → left side pinion gear 2131A, right side pinion gear 2133A → walking output gear 301A → driving wheel 303A → walking chain Take turns 302A；

Cutterhead output shaft positive and negative rotation:

Cutterhead output shaft positive and negative rotation: belt pulley → belt input shaft 2010A → cutterhead transmission gear 2014A → central axis is empty Rotating disk 2095A → reversion first gear 2042, reversion 2041 → cutterhead of second gear positive and negative rotation idler gear 2023A → shift Balladeur train 2022A → cutterhead shifting shaft 2020A → chain sprocket 512 → input gear, 502 → intermediate gear, 503 → output gear Wheel 504 → trench digging cutterhead 400.

Speed change system of the invention uses three kinds of different structures, forms three sections of ditching machines with their own characteristics, to meet The needs of different user, a machine can easily manage 300 mu of orchards, can complete the farm work of orchard throughout the year.

Present invention employs side power outputs, the direct-connected power output in rear end without the use of generalling use, and further contract Short the distance between agricultural machinery and implement hanger bracket and equipment unit are conducive to be turned in small space, these operations of turning around；This Invention replaces different configuration equipments, the functions such as achievable rotary tillage, weeding by replacing dismountable gearcase component.

Technical solution disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail above, specific implementation used herein Example is expounded the principle and embodiment of the embodiment of the present invention, and the explanation of above embodiments is only applicable to help to understand The principle of the embodiment of the present invention；At the same time, for those skilled in the art is being embodied according to an embodiment of the present invention There will be changes in mode and application range, in conclusion the content of the present specification should not be construed as to limit of the invention System.

Claims

1. a kind of ditching machine, which is characterized in that including the power mechanism being mounted on rack chassis, and with power mechanism power The gearbox of connection, the gearbox front end are connected and installed with the mounting base of detachable gearcase, the trench digging cutterhead of gearbox output Power is transferred on trench digging cutterhead by gearcase, and the trench digging cutterhead is equipped with along the more ditching knife of its ring cloth, in speed change Lower box part is equipped with the creeper undercarriage and brake gear of driving ditching machine walking；

The gearcase includes pressing the input gear that power transmitting sets gradually, at least one set in gearcase housing cavity Between gear, output gear, the input gear is arranged on input shaft, be respectively equipped with bearing in the rear and front end of input gear, The bearing is stuck between flange and gearcase shell, and the flange is fixed with gearcase shell by fixing bolt, the centre Gear is arranged on intermediate small axis by bearing, and on output cutter shaft, which stretches out for the output gear setting Extension outside gearcase shell is equipped with output bearing (ball) cover, trench digging cutterhead, the output bearing (ball) cover and gearcase shell It is fixed by fastening nut, the two sides of the gearcase shell are respectively fixed with trench digging earth-retaining grillage or earthing earth-retaining grillage, and It is equipped with the locating plate of two pairs of symmetrical structures on gearcase shell tail end top, it is small to be equipped with equidistant two groups on two pairs of locating plates Hole；

2. ditching machine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the gearbox includes gear box casing, belt input Axle assembly, output walking shaft assembly, the belt input on the belt input shaft on axle assembly and output walking shaft assembly Drive shaft protrude into transmission housing body, a transfer gear train is equipped in the transmission housing body, which includes Reverse gear shaft assembly, central axis component, III gear switching shaft assembly, I component of deceleration axis, II component of deceleration axis, cutterhead reversion shaft assembly, Cutterhead is shifted gears shaft assembly, and the gear on the belt input shaft is nibbled with the gear to reverse gear on shaft assembly and central axis component respectively It closes, the gear to reverse gear on shaft assembly is also engaged with the gear on central axis component, the gear on the central axis component point It is not engaged with the gear on III gear switching shaft assembly and cutterhead reversion shaft assembly, gear and drop on the III gear switching shaft assembly Gear on fast I component of axis engages, and the gear on I component of deceleration axis is engaged with the gear on II component of deceleration axis, Gear on II component of deceleration axis imparts power to output walking shaft assembly again；

Belt input axle assembly and III gear switching shaft assembly are equipped with pull-fork assembly, the pull-fork assembly include I gear and II gear pull-fork assembly, back fork component and III gear pull-fork assembly, I gear and II gear pull-fork assembly include I gear and II gear Shift fork axle, and shift fork part is kept off by I fixed gear of fastening bolt and II with I gear and II gear shift fork axle, I gear and II gear shift fork On belt input axle assembly, I gear and II gear shift fork axle one end are equipped with around I gear and II gear shift fork axle outer diameter part clamping lock Left groove and right groove, it is described I gear and II gear the shift fork axle other end be equipped with a through-hole；The back fork component includes reversing gear Shift fork axle, and the back fork part fixed by fastening bolt with back fork axis, the back fork part clamping lock are defeated in belt Enter on axle assembly, it is recessed that back fork axis one end is equipped with the left groove around back fork axis outer diameter, intermediate groove and the right side Slot, the back fork axis other end are equipped with a through-hole；The III gear pull-fork assembly includes III gear shift fork axle, and is kept off with III The shift fork axle III gear shift fork part fixed by fastening bolt, the III gear shift fork part clamping lock is on III gear switching shaft assembly, and described III It keeps off shift fork axle one end and is equipped with left groove and right groove around III gear shift fork axle outer diameter, set on the III gear shift fork axle other end There is a through-hole；I gear and the both ends stretching transmission housing of II gear shift fork axle, back fork axis and III gear shift fork axle are external, One end is connect with gear lever respectively, and the other end of I gear and II gear shift fork axle, back fork axis and III gear shift fork axle prolongs respectively It extends in 3 groups of long holes in gear shift self-locking device, the gear shift self-locking device is equipped with 3 groups of short-bore, 3 groups of short-bore and 3 Group long hole is respectively perpendicular, and shift gears self-locking steel ball and shift compressed spring, the left groove, middle concave are equipped in 3 groups of short-bore The depth of slot and right groove is identical as the radius of self-locking steel ball of shifting gears；

The cutterhead shift shaft assembly includes cutterhead shifting shaft, and the cutterhead positive and negative rotation gear being arranged on cutterhead shifting shaft is certainly Latch mechanism, which includes the self-locking hole being arranged in the positive and negative shaft of cutterhead, and is mounted on certainly Commutation compressed spring and reversing self-locking steel ball in lockhole, and shift balladeur train, in shift balladeur train inner hole axial direction Equipped with the first equal groove of spacing, the second groove and third groove, first groove, the second groove and third groove Depth it is identical as the radius of reversing self-locking steel ball；The cutterhead shift assembly further includes positioned at a left side for shift balladeur train two sides Right cutterhead shift axle bearing, shifts gears in left and right cutterhead and inlays bushing between axle bearing and cutterhead shifting shaft；The shift slide teeth Wheel is divided into gear part and smooth extension, is equipped with positioning groove along its outer diameter on smooth extension, the positioning groove is for solid Cutterhead commutation shift fork part on stationary knife disk commutation pull-fork assembly, cutterhead commutation shift fork part are fixed on cutterhead commutation by fastening bolt In shift fork axle, cutterhead commutation shift fork axle one end is equipped with a through-hole, the cutterhead commutation shift fork axle other end fixture Ring set；

The belt input axle assembly further includes the belt bearing of input shaft being arranged on belt input shaft, wheel shaft sliding duplex Moving gear, wheel shaft reverse gear balladeur train, III gear gear and the belt block that belt input shaft end is arranged in, and the wheel shaft is sliding Dynamic duplex moving gear, wheel shaft reverse gear balladeur train and III gear gear is radially turned round along belt input shaft bearing；The belt input shaft Front end is stretched out outside gear box casing, and is connect with belt pulley；

The shaft assembly that reverses gear includes reverse gear shaft, which is made of minor diameter and major diameter portion, is set in minor diameter It is equipped with to reverse gear and driving gear and reverse gear driven gear, the driving gear and reversing gear of reversing gear is set between driven gear and minor diameter Have a neck bush, and the bushing by being located in minor diameter is axially blocking the driving gear that reverses gear, it is described reverse gear driving gear and The driven gear that reverses gear is duplicate gear, is radially turned round in reverse gear shaft；

The central axis component includes that the central axis III on centrally disposed axis keeps off gear, central axis master gear, the gear of central axis II Gear, central axis I keep off gear, and the both ends of the central axis are separately mounted on the central axis bearing bore diameter of left and right, in central axis III It keeps off and is equipped with dividing bush between gear and central axis master gear, keep off gear in central axis II and central axis I keeps off between gear and being equipped with Interstage bushing, the central axis are splined shaft, and the central axis II keeps off gear and central axis I keeps off gear axis on central axis spline To sliding, I gear, II gear and positive and negative rotation gear are hung respectively；The central axis III keeps off gear and central axis master gear in central axis spline On slide axially, respectively hang III gear and reverse gear；

The III gear switching shaft assembly includes the III gear switching first gear and III gear switching second being arranged on III gear switching shaft Gear, the III gear switching first gear and III gear switching second gear are duplex moving gears, are radially turned round in III gear switching shaft, The both ends of the III gear switching shaft are separately mounted on the switching shaft bearing bore diameter of left and right；

The reduction of speed shaft assembly includes II component of I component of deceleration axis and deceleration axis, and I component of deceleration axis includes being arranged in reduction of speed I second gear of I first gear of deceleration axis and deceleration axis on axis I, I first gear of deceleration axis and reduction of speed on the deceleration axis I I second gear of axis is duplex moving gear, and in the radial revolution of deceleration axis I, the both ends of the deceleration axis I are mounted on left and right deceleration axis I On bearing bore diameter, dividing bush is equipped between left I bearing of deceleration axis and I first gear of deceleration axis, by I first gear of deceleration axis It is stuck in the gear part of deceleration axis I with I second gear 2102 of deceleration axis；

II component of deceleration axis include II first gear of deceleration axis being arranged on deceleration axis II, II second gear of deceleration axis, II third deceleration gear of deceleration axis, the both ends of the deceleration axis II are separately mounted on II bearing bore diameter of left and right deceleration axis, are dropping Fast II first deceleration gear of axis and II second deceleration gear of deceleration axis and II second deceleration gear of deceleration axis and II third of deceleration axis Interstage bushing is respectively equipped between deceleration gear, the deceleration axis II is splined shaft；

The cutterhead reversion shaft assembly includes the reversion first gear being arranged on reversing shaft, reversion second gear, the reversion The both ends of axis are separately mounted on the reversing shaft bearing bore diameter of left and right, and the reversion first gear and reversion second gear are linkage teeth Wheel, is radially turned round in reversing shaft, is equipped with dividing bush between left reversion axle bearing and reversion first gear, will be inverted the first tooth Wheel and reversion second gear are stuck in the gear part of reversing shaft；

The output walking shaft assembly includes symmetrically arranged two groups of walking shaft assemblies, and the walking shaft assembly includes being mounted on drive Tooth form clutch on moving axis, the tooth form clutch include walking output gear, the bearing block of installation on the driving shaft Shell, control stick mounting base, removable clutch cover, walking sprocket wheel, the bearing block shell is interior to be equipped with bearing, which is mounted on In drive shaft, it is equipped with return spring between bearing and removable clutch cover, is located at operating stick mounting base inner cavity, the operation Manual joystick is installed in bar mounting base, the manual lever and the interconnecting piece of operating stick mounting base are hinged, and protrude into operation Bar mounting base inner cavity is fastened on fixed groove, which is arranged in removable clutch cover close to one end of return spring On, it is equipped with external gear teeth along its outer diameter on the removable clutch cover other end, cooperation external gear teeth is equipped on walking sprocket wheel inner wall Internal tooth casing, be equipped with end cap on the side wall far from removable clutch cover in walking sprocket wheel, set between end cap and walking sprocket wheel There is positioning bearing, and is equipped with a gasket between end cap and positioning bearing.

3. ditching machine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the gearbox includes gear box casing, belt input Axle assembly, output walking shaft assembly, the belt input on the belt input shaft on axle assembly and output walking shaft assembly Drive shaft protrude into transmission housing body, a transfer gear train is equipped in the transmission housing body, which includes Reverse gear shaft assembly, central axis component, III gear switching shaft assembly, I component of deceleration axis, II component of deceleration axis, cutterhead reversion shaft assembly, Cutterhead is shifted gears shaft assembly, and the gear on the belt input shaft is nibbled with the gear to reverse gear on shaft assembly and central axis component respectively It closes, the gear to reverse gear on shaft assembly is also engaged with the gear on central axis component, the gear on the central axis component point It is not engaged with the gear on III gear switching shaft assembly and cutterhead reversion shaft assembly, gear and drop on the III gear switching shaft assembly Fast I component of axis -- on gear engagement, the gear on I component of deceleration axis nibbles with the gear on II component of deceleration axis It closes, the gear on II component of deceleration axis imparts power to output walking shaft assembly again；

The reduction of speed shaft assembly includes II component of I component of deceleration axis and deceleration axis, and I component of deceleration axis includes being arranged in reduction of speed I second gear of I first gear of deceleration axis and deceleration axis on axis I, I first gear of deceleration axis and reduction of speed on the deceleration axis I I second gear of axis is duplex moving gear, and in the radial revolution of deceleration axis I, the both ends of the deceleration axis I are mounted on left and right deceleration axis I On bearing bore diameter, dividing bush is equipped between left I bearing of deceleration axis and I first gear of deceleration axis, by I first gear of deceleration axis It is stuck in the gear part of deceleration axis I with I second gear of deceleration axis；

II component of deceleration axis includes II intermediate gear of deceleration axis being arranged on deceleration axis II, II pinion gear of deceleration axis, institute The both ends for stating deceleration axis II are separately mounted on II bearing bore diameter of left and right deceleration axis, in II intermediate gear of deceleration axis and deceleration axis II Bushing is respectively equipped between II bearing of pinion gear and left and right deceleration axis, the deceleration axis II is splined shaft；

II pinion gear of deceleration axis is engaged with the differential mechanism gear wheel on differential mechanism, the differential mechanism canine tooth wheel drive planetary gear Frame, then left and right drive shaft is driven by planetary gear；

The output walking shaft assembly includes symmetrically arranged two groups of walking shaft assemblies, and the walking shaft assembly includes being mounted on drive Tooth form clutch on moving axis, the tooth form clutch include installation bearing block shell on the driving shaft, walking sprocket wheel, Bearing is equipped in the bearing block shell, which installs on the driving shaft, passes through screw in the bearing block shell both ends of the surface It is fixed with axle envelope part, the axle envelope part is for sealing bearing, and the walking sprocket wheel setting is in driving the tip of the axis, in walking sprocket wheel It is fixed with end cap on side wall far from bearing block shell one end, a gasket is equipped on the inside of end cap, is fixed by fixing bolt On the driving shaft.

4. ditching machine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the gearbox includes gear box casing, belt input Axle assembly, output walking shaft assembly, the belt input on the belt input shaft on axle assembly and output walking shaft assembly Drive shaft protrude into transmission housing body, a transfer gear train is equipped in the transmission housing body, which includes Reverse gear shaft assembly, central axis component, speed gear switching shaft assembly, reduction of speed shaft assembly, differential shaft wheel assembly, cutterhead reversing shaft group Part, cutterhead shift shaft assembly and output walking shaft assembly, gear on the belt input shaft respectively with reverse gear shaft assembly and Gear engagement on central axis component, the gear to reverse gear on shaft assembly is also engaged with the gear on central axis component, described The gear that gear on central axis component is kept off respectively with speed on switching shaft assembly and cutterhead reversion shaft assembly engages, the speed Gear on gear switching shaft assembly is engaged with the gear on reduction of speed shaft assembly, the tooth in gear engagement on the reduction of speed shaft assembly Wheel is engaged with the gear on differential shaft wheel assembly, and the gear on the differential shaft wheel assembly imparts power to output walking axle again Component；

The belt input axle assembly and speed gear switching shaft assembly are equipped with pull-fork assembly, and the pull-fork assembly includes I gear And back fork component, II gear and III gear pull-fork assembly and speed keep off pull-fork assembly, I gear and back fork component include I gear and back fork axis, and I gear and back fork part fixed by fastening bolt with I gear and back fork axis, I gear And back fork part clamping lock, on belt input axle assembly, I gear and back fork axis one end are equipped with around I gear and reverse gear Left groove, intermediate groove and the right groove of shift fork axle outer diameter, I gear and the back fork axis other end are equipped with a through-hole；It is described II gear and III gear pull-fork assembly include that II gear and III gear shift fork are taken out, and are pumped through fastening bolt with II gear and III gear shift fork and fix II gear and III gear shift fork part, this II gear and III gear shift fork part clamping lock belt input axle assembly on, it is described II gear and III gear Shift fork takes out one end and is equipped with left groove, intermediate groove and the right groove for surrounding back fork axis outer diameter, II gear and III gear shift fork It takes out the other end and is equipped with a through-hole；The speed gear pull-fork assembly includes speed gear shift fork axle, and logical with speed gear shift fork axle The fixed speed gear shift fork part of fastening bolt is crossed, which keeps off on switching shaft assembly in speed, the speed It keeps off shift fork axle one end and is equipped with left groove and right groove around speed gear shift fork axle outer diameter, the speed gear shift fork axle other end is set There is a through-hole；

It is described I gear and back fork axis, II gear and III gear shift fork take out, speed gear shift fork axle both ends stretch out transmission housing it is external, One end is connect with gear lever respectively, and I gear and back fork axis, II gear and III gear shift fork pumping, speed keep off the another of shift fork axle One end extends respectively in 3 groups of long holes in gear shift self-locking device, and the gear shift self-locking device is equipped with 3 groups of short-bore, this 3 Group short-bore is respectively perpendicular with 3 groups of long holes, self-locking steel ball of shifting gears is equipped in 3 groups of short-bore with shift compressed spring, the left side is recessed The depth of slot, intermediate groove and right groove is identical as the radius of self-locking steel ball of shifting gears；

The cutterhead shift shaft assembly includes cutterhead shifting shaft, and the cutterhead positive and negative rotation idle running tooth being arranged on cutterhead shifting shaft Wheel and cutterhead positive and negative rotation gear self-locking mechanism, the cutterhead positive and negative rotation gear self-locking mechanism include oneself being arranged on cutterhead shifting shaft Lockhole, and the commutation compressed spring and reversing self-locking steel ball that are mounted in self-locking hole, and shift balladeur train, are slided in shift Moving gear inner hole axial direction is equipped with equal the first groove, the second groove and the third groove of spacing, first groove, second The depth of groove and third groove is identical as the radius of reversing self-locking steel ball；

The cutterhead shift assembly further includes the left and right cutterhead positioned at cutterhead positive and negative rotation idler gear and balladeur train two sides of shifting gears Shift axle bearing shifts gears in left and right cutterhead and inlays bushing between axle bearing and cutterhead shifting shaft；The shift balladeur train is divided into Gear part and smooth extension, are equipped with positioning groove along its outer diameter on smooth extension, which is used for fixation cutter head The cutterhead commutation shift fork part to commutate on pull-fork assembly, cutterhead commutation shift fork part are fixed on cutterhead commutation shift fork axle by fastening bolt On, cutterhead commutation shift fork axle one end is equipped with a through-hole, the cutterhead commutation shift fork axle other end fixture ring set；

The belt input axle assembly further includes that the belt bearing of input shaft being arranged on belt input shaft, II gear and III gear are slided Dynamic duplicate gear, I gear and the balladeur train that reverses gear, cutterhead transmission gear and the belt block that belt input shaft end is set, II gear and III gear double-sliding gear, I gear and reverse gear balladeur train and cutterhead transmission gear are radially returned along belt input shaft Turn；Belt input shaft front end is stretched out outside gear box casing, and is connect with belt pulley；

The central axis component includes that central axis idler gear, the central axis I on centrally disposed axis keep off gear, central axis III is kept off Gear, low-speed gear and central axis II keep off gear, and the both ends of the central axis are separately mounted on the central axis bearing bore diameter of left and right, Gear is kept off in central axis I and central axis III keeps off and is equipped with dividing bush between gear；

The speed gear switching shaft assembly includes the switching idler gear being arranged on speed gear switching shaft, switching gear wheel and cuts Pinion gear is changed, the switching gear wheel and switching pinion gear are duplex moving gears, and the duplex moving gear and switching idler gear exist Speed keeps off switching shaft and radially turns round, and the both ends of the speed gear switching shaft are separately mounted on the switching shaft bearing bore diameter of left and right；

The reduction of speed shaft assembly includes the reduction of speed pinion gear being arranged on deceleration axis and reduction of speed gear wheel, the reduction of speed pinion gear and Reduction of speed gear wheel is duplex moving gear, is radially turned round in deceleration axis, the both ends of the deceleration axis are separately mounted to left and right deceleration axis On bearing bore diameter, dividing bush is equipped between reduction of speed pinion gear and left reduction of speed axle bearing, by reduction of speed pinion gear and reduction of speed canine tooth Wheel is stuck in the gear part of deceleration axis；

The gearbox further includes differential assembly, and the differential assembly includes the differential mechanism canine tooth being arranged on differential axle Wheel, left side pinion gear and right side pinion gear, the both ends of the differential axle are separately mounted on the internal diameter of left and right differential bearing, The differential mechanism gear wheel is engaged with reduction of speed pinion gear, and drives planetary gear set, then by pinion gear on the left of planet gear drives With right side pinion gear, the left side pinion gear and right side pinion gear are engaged with the walking output gear in drive shaft respectively；

The output walking shaft assembly includes symmetrically arranged two groups of walking axis mechanisms, and the walking axis mechanism includes being mounted on drive Tooth form clutch on moving axis, the tooth form clutch include walking output gear, the bearing block of installation on the driving shaft Shell and walking sprocket wheel, the bearing block shell is interior to be equipped with bearing, which installs on the driving shaft, the bearing block shell two Axle envelope part is fixed with by screw on end face, for the axle envelope part for sealing bearing, the end of driving wheel is arranged in the walking sprocket wheel End is fixed with end cap on the side wall of separate bearing block shell one end in walking sprocket wheel, a gasket is equipped on the inside of end cap, leads to It is fixed on the driving shaft to cross fixing bolt.

5. according to ditching machine described in Claims 2 or 3 or 4, which is characterized in that the drive shaft drives walking sprocket wheel, passes through The walking sprocket wheel driving creeper undercarriage movement of rotation, and tensioning is provided by the track tension wheel on creeper undercarriage Power supports ditching machine walking by crawler belt driven wheel；

The crawler belt driven wheel is mounted on rack supporting beam lower end, and both ends driven wheel outer circle lower end is pressed in crawler belt inner ring surface, branch Machine walking is supportted, the crawler belt driven wheel further includes follower shaft, dust slinger, bearing and fuel filler neck, and the driven wheel is located at The both ends of follower shaft are equipped with gasket in the outside of driven wheel, and are fixed on follower shaft by fastening bolt, and bearing is set It sets between the driven wheel of both ends, is equipped with one layer of dust slinger in the outside of bearing, a fuel filler neck is equipped on dust slinger.

6. ditching machine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the tail end of the gearcase is mounted on the semicircle of mounting base On groove, the both ends of the input shaft are respectively equipped with an input shaft bearing end cap, which passes through semi-circular fastener Cooperate fixed gearcase with semicircle groove, is additionally provided with chain sprocket on the input shaft and the ipsilateral one end of cutterhead shifting shaft, it should Positive and negative rotary chain wheel and cutterhead shifting shaft pass through chain drive.

7. ditching machine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cutterhead hydraulicefficiency elevation structure includes hydraulic cylinder and knife One end of disk rack, the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected with gearcase shell, and the other end is on being mounted on rack chassis, the cutterhead The tail end of rack is connect by fastening bolt with two groups of locating plates, and the front end of the cutterhead rack is connected with fertilising pipe, fertilising pipe And two groups of support rods by being arranged on gearcase shell are fixed.