CN209400320U - A kind of uniaxial test automatic strain measurement device based on computer vision - Google Patents
A kind of uniaxial test automatic strain measurement device based on computer vision Download PDFInfo
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- CN209400320U CN209400320U CN201821987790.7U CN201821987790U CN209400320U CN 209400320 U CN209400320 U CN 209400320U CN 201821987790 U CN201821987790 U CN 201821987790U CN 209400320 U CN209400320 U CN 209400320U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses uniaxial test automatic strain measurement device based on computer vision, including sample box, top board, lower platen, weighing sensor, displacement sensor, video camera, light source, data logger, computer, the first pillar, bottom plate, frame, workbench, bracket, cylinder, the second pillar, third pillar and connecting column；The inside of workbench is equipped with driving mechanism, top board is connect by connecting column with weighing sensor, lower platen is fixedly connected on bottom plate, sample box is placed between top board and lower platen, sample is placed in sample box, it drives the second pillar to do vertical elevating movement by driving mechanism, and then lower platen is driven to carry out uniaxial compression test to the sample in sample box.The utility model can quickly, axial strain and radial strain in precise measurement unconfined compression test, and handle in real time, provide better means of testing for evaluation geotechnical engineering unconfined compressive strength emergent property.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to Geotechnical Engineering field more particularly to a kind of uniaxial tests based on computer vision certainly
Dynamic strain measure device.
Background technique
Strain measurement in general unconfined compression test is a kind of frequently with strain controlling formula unconfined compression apparatus
Contact measurement method, during compressive deformation, the friction between sample end and pressing plate can generate relative motion, inevitable
Generate measurement error.In addition, traditional unconfined compression test strain contact measurement method exists such as: measurement error is big,
It is cumbersome, be not capable of measuring the defects of compressive deformation overall process, larger workload, make its various fields and occasion use by
To limitation.
Meanwhile most significant uncertainty is the change of test specimen cross-sectional area during loading in unconfined compression test
Change, that is, needs to be modified area.However the influence research to correction area is less.Meanwhile test is radial without lateral confinement intensity
The testing equipment of strain also extremely lacks.Therefore, it for the status of unconfined compression strength obj ect strain research and test, needs to develop
Accurately, the testing equipment of its strain of real-time testing provides guidance and reference for geotechnical engineering design and optimization.
Utility model content
In view of this, the embodiments of the present invention provide a kind of uniaxial test automatic response based on computer vision
Measuring device, can quickly, axial strain and radial strain in precise measurement unconfined compression test, and handle in real time, to comment
Valence geotechnical engineering unconfined compressive strength emergent property provides better means of testing.
To achieve the above object, the utility model uses a kind of a kind of technical solution: single shaft based on computer vision
Automatic strain measurement device is tested, including loading device, sample box, acquisition device, support device, the loading device include upper
Pressing plate, lower platen, the acquisition device include weighing sensor, displacement sensor, video camera, light source, data logger and meter
Calculation machine, the support device include the first pillar, bottom plate, frame, workbench, bracket, cylinder, the second pillar, third pillar and
Connecting column；
The inside of the workbench is equipped with driving mechanism, and one end of the cylinder is fixedly connected on workbench, on the other end
It is fixedly connected with frame, one end of first pillar is fixedly connected on frame, the other end connects the weighing sensor, institute
One end of the second pillar is stated across workbench is connect with driving mechanism therein, the other end is fixedly connected with the bottom plate, the branch
One end of frame is fixedly connected on bottom plate, the other end connects the video camera, and one end of the third pillar is fixedly connected on work
Make on platform, the other end connects the light source；
The top board is connect by connecting column with weighing sensor, and the lower platen is fixedly connected on bottom plate, described
Sample box is placed between top board and lower platen, places sample in the sample box, passes through driving mechanism driving second
Pillar does vertical elevating movement, and then the lower platen is driven to carry out uniaxial compression test to the sample in the sample box；
The data of the weighing sensor and displacement sensor record are transferred to computer by data logger, described to take the photograph
Camera obtains the image transmitting of sample box to computer, analyzes image by the data processing software processing on the computer,
And the displacement and strain of all the points in any region of sample are determined based on the data of record.
Further, the input terminal of the data logger is equipped with several connectors, output end is connected equipped with computer
Port.
Further, the weighing sensor passes through data line respectively with displacement sensor and connects two connectors, with point
Its analog signal is not inputted in the data logger.
Further, the computer connects computer connection interface by data line, to receive the data logger
The data of output.
Further, the data logger further includes weighing and sensing driver, magnification circuit plate and development board, the meter
On development board, the development board is equipped with microcontroller for calculation machine connectivity port.
Further, the microcontroller includes analog-digital converter, by the mould of the weighing sensor and displacement sensor
Quasi- signal is digitized, and is transferred in the computer and is stored as numerical data.
Further, institute's displacement sensors are LVDT micro linear sensor, and the video camera is CCD camera.
Further, the sample box is cylindrical body, and sample is placed in the sample box in cylindrical body.
Further, the light source is made of LED light array and white diffusing panel.
Further, the data processing software is MATLAB software.
The technical solution that the embodiments of the present invention provide has the benefit that (1) is regarded using based on computer
The non-contact measurement method of feel measures the deformation during no confined compression, overcomes conventional contacts measurement experimental rig
Bring problems have many advantages, such as that optical path is simple, lower to environmental requirement, non-contact；(2) measuring device uses CCD
Video camera acquires the time shifting image of clay sample any time frame by frame, carries out perspective correction and ruler to image by computer
After very little measurement, Threshold segmentation is carried out to image and obtains bianry image, finally carried out loop truss and center determines, and use electronic watch
Lattice record load, deformation and snap sample dimension data in real time, can calculate the displacement of all the points in any selection area and answer
Become, and then realize measurement of full field, which greatly simplifies the operating process of operator, while improving the measurement of clay sample deformation
Speed and precision.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the uniaxial test automatic strain measurement device front view based on computer vision of the utility model；
Fig. 2 is the uniaxial test automatic strain measurement device side view based on computer vision of the utility model；
Fig. 3 is the composition signal of the uniaxial test automatic strain measurement device based on computer vision of the utility model
Figure；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the data logger of the utility model.
Wherein: 1- top board, 2- sample box, the first pillar of 3-, 4- bottom plate, 5- weighing sensor, 6- frame, 7- displacement pass
Sensor, 8- video camera, 9- light source, 10- data logger, 11- computer, 12- workbench, 13- bracket, 14- connector, 15-
Computer connection interface, 16- weighing and sensing driver, 17- magnification circuit plate, 18-Arduino development board, 19- cylinder, under 20-
Pressing plate, 21- loading device, 22- driving mechanism, 23- acquisition device, 24- support device, the second pillar of 25-, 26- data line,
27- data processing software, 28- microcontroller, 29- analog-digital converter, 30- third pillar, 31- connecting column.
Specific embodiment
It is practical new to this below in conjunction with attached drawing to keep the purpose of this utility model, technical solution and advantage clearer
Type embodiment is further described.
As shown in Figure 1-3, to disclose a kind of uniaxial test based on computer vision automatic for the embodiments of the present invention
Strain gauge means, including loading device 21, sample box 2, acquisition device 23, support device 24, the loading device 21 include
Top board 1, lower platen 20, the acquisition device 23 include weighing sensor 5, displacement sensor 7, video camera 8, light source 9, data
Logger 10 and computer 11, the support device 24 include the first pillar 3, bottom plate 4, frame 6, workbench 12, bracket 13, column
Body 19, the second pillar 25, third pillar 30 and connecting column 31.
The workbench 12 is placed on a fixed operation planar, is equipped with driving mechanism in the inside of the workbench 12
22.One end of the cylinder 19 is fixedly connected on workbench 12, is fixedly connected with frame 6 on the other end.Preferably, the cylinder
19 quantity is two, and the both ends of the frame 6 are respectively fixedly connected on two cylinders 19.Preferably, the cylinder 19
Material is stainless steel.One end of first pillar 3 is fixedly connected on frame 6, the other end connects the weighing sensor 5.
One end of second pillar 25 is across workbench 12 is connect with driving mechanism 22 therein, the other end is fixedly connected with the bottom plate
4.One end of the bracket 13 is fixedly connected on bottom plate 4, the other end connects the video camera 8.The one of the third pillar 30
End be fixedly connected on table 12, the other end connect the light source 9.
The top board 1 is connect by connecting column 21 with weighing sensor 5, and the lower platen 20 is fixedly connected on bottom plate 4
On, the sample box 20 is placed between top board 1 and lower platen 20, sample is placed in the sample box 20, for example, sample is in
Cylindrical body is placed in the sample box 2.Preferably, the sample box 2 is cylindrical body.Pass through the driving mechanism 22 driving the
Two pillars 25 do vertical elevating movement, and then the lower platen 20 is driven to carry out uniaxial pressure to the sample in the sample box 2
Contracting test.
The weighing sensor 5 is fixedly connected on the first pillar 3, and the both ends of institute's displacement sensors 7 are respectively fixedly connected with
On pedestal 4 and cylinder 19, the weighing sensor 5 and displacement sensor 7 are respectively used to measurement xial feed and strain, namely
Axial weight and displacement.Preferably, institute's displacement sensors 7 are LVDT micro linear sensor.
The video camera 8 is fixedly connected on bracket 13, positioned at the side of the sample box 2, is directed at the sample box 2,
And it is connect with the computer 11.Preferably, the video camera 8 is CCD camera.Preferably, the video camera 8 passes through data
Line 26 is connected with computer 11.The image of the available sample box 2 of the video camera 8, and by the image transmitting of acquisition to described
Computer 11 is handled and is analyzed to image by the data processing software 27 being installed on it.The specified genus of the video camera 8
Property can be arranged automatically by the order of data processing software 27, and image is obtained with specified time interval.Preferably, described
Data processing software 27 is MATLAB software.
The light source 9 is fixedly connected on third pillar 30, positioned at the other side of the sample box 2, is directed at the sample
Box 2 can adjust luminous intensity by DC dropping voltage stabilizer using clay sample as background.Preferably, the light source 9 is by LED light
Array and white diffusing panel composition.For example, LED light is 12V.
The data logger 10 can place on table 12, and the input terminal of the data logger 10 is equipped with several
A connector 14, output end are equipped with computer connection interface 15.Preferably, the shape of the data logger 10 is cuboid,
Its input terminal and output end are located at two sides.Preferably, the connector 14 is D-Sub nine kinds of needles connector.Preferably, described
The quantity of connector 14 is two, and the weighing sensor 5 and displacement sensor 7 connect two connections by data line 26 respectively
Device 14, respectively to input its analog signal in the data logger 10.The computer 11 passes through the connection meter of data line 26
Calculation machine connectivity port 15, to receive the data that the data logger 10 exports.
As shown in figure 4, the data logger 10 includes connector 14, computer connection interface 15, weighing and sensing driving
Device 16, magnification circuit plate 17 and development board 18, the computer connection interface 15 is on development board 18, the weighing and sensing driving
Device 16 can be connected by magnification circuit plate 17 with development board 18, can also be directly connected with development board 18.The development board 18
It is equipped with microcontroller 28, the microcontroller 28 includes analog-digital converter (ADC) 29.Preferably, the development board 18 is
Arduino development board.
The data logger 10 can be to be remembered using the double-channel data that the development board 18 based on microcontroller 28 is developed
Record device.The communication of the Arduino development board 18 is completed by serial data transmission, and code can be to be compiled with C Plus Plus
It writes.The microcontroller 28 can with MATLAB software compatibility, by single MATLAB code, by Image Acquisition, sensor
Data acquisition, image procossing, image analysis and all data are recorded in Single Electron table.
The microcontroller 28 can realize the weighing sensor 5 and position by 24 analog-digital converters 29 of high-precision
The digitlization of the real time analogue signals of displacement sensor 7 is transferred to the computer 11 by serial communication, and as numerical data
Storage is used for the computer 11.The analog signal of weighing sensor 5 is passed through analog-to-digital conversion by the weighing and sensing driver 16
Device 29 is converted into ADC digital data, then passes through the 17 amplifier digital data of magnification circuit plate (for example, 24), the displacement
The data of sensor 7 can be used MATLAB code commands and directly acquire.Preferably, the microcontroller 28 is ATmega228P
Microcontroller or HX711 microcontroller.
The detailed process of uniaxial test automatic strain measurement based on computer vision is as follows:
1. preparing sample (for example, cylindrical body clay), standard curing room maintenance a period of time is placed into, for example, for 24 hours.
2. sample is put into the sample box 2, pay attention to keeping sample top and bottom parallel, then by the sample box
2 are placed between top board 1 and lower platen 20, and the zero load for carrying out the weighing sensor 5 is read, by institute's displacement sensors 7
It is set as zero reading.
3. determining the operating distance of the sample box 2 and video camera 8 by adjusting the bracket 13, making the video camera 8
Imaging lens registration coupon box 2 center.
4. starting the data processing software 27, image acquisition parameter, storing path are set, and adjust the light source 9
Angle and brightness prepare to start compression test and Image Acquisition.
5. checking again for instrument and system, it is ensured that various aspects work normally, and the driving mechanism 22 are opened, under described
The lifting of pressing plate 20 carries out uniaxial compression test to the sample in sample box 2, wherein the weighing sensor 5 and displacement sensing
The reading of device 7 is transmitted on computer 11 by data logger 10, while the video camera 8 carries out Image Acquisition, acquisition
Sample Image is automatically stored, for example, in the file established before being stored in.
6. carrying out threshold to image by the processing analysis acquired image of data processing software 27 on the computer 11
Value segmentation obtains bianry image, and carries out perspective correction and dimensional measurement, finally carries out loop truss and center determines, can calculate
The displacement and strain of all the points in any region of sample.
In order to keep experimental rig in the utility model and method operability stronger, the survey in the utility model is given
Measure major parameter recommended value involved in device and method, it should be pointed out that when carrying out practical operation, above-mentioned parameter can be into
Row change, and should be included in the protection scope of the utility model.
The capacity of the weighing sensor 5 is 0~500N, and the capacity of institute's displacement sensors 7 is 0~25mm, this measurement
The load capacity of device is 50KN.
The sample box 2 is that diameter is 38mm, is highly the cylindrical body of 80mm.
The video camera 8 has high-resolution, fast automatic focusing and the ability for supporting to use MATLAB software, described to take the photograph
Camera 8 has 22 millimeters of focal lengths.
The size of the data logger 10 is 12 × 8 × 4cm, and weight is less than 100g.
It is soft to the MATLAB of this device below preferably to apply the device of the utility model to measure the strain of clay sample
Part code decomposition method illustrates.
When the video camera 8 carries out Image Acquisition, MATLAB software provides an application toolkit to execute video camera
All basic tasks in calibration.By using preview the vid () order in code, camera starts preview background, uses
Getsnapshot (vid) order, getsnapshot (vid) function return to single image frame immediately.The video camera 8 is caught automatically
It obtains a frame and saves it in catalogue, i.e., obtain real-time time passage image from background.Exporting image will be with order
The form of rgb matrix in win-dow is shown.
Picture superposition.The contrast enhancing of color image can only be converted into the color space with intensity,
Such as Lab color space.However in gray threshold, color is not preserved, and the bright border of cylindrical body makes threshold value inaccurate.
LAB threshold value provides practical solution, so that after image is transformed into LAB color space from RGB, to brightness (L)
Operation only influence the intensity of pixel, while retaining primitive color.Manual processing is carried out using MATLAB image processing toolbox,
Threshold value brightness (L) value.
The Threshold segmentation and binaryzation of image.After obtaining RGB image by the video camera 8, LAB color is converted thereof into
Space.LAB color space conversion is to indicate that color is transformed into another basis from a kind of basis.It works in computer vision analysis
After being fully completed, color space can be restored to RGB image, for visualizing and printing.MATLAB code provides color
Transfer function is makecform () function.The minimum and maximum threshold value of Lab component respectively as ChannelMax and
ChannelMin function.Then, the threshold value modeling code according to selection image is as follows:
BW=((I (::, 1) >=channel1Min) Shu (I (::, 1)≤channel1Max)) &...
(I (::, 2) >=channel2Min) & (I (::, 2)≤channel2Max) &...
(I (::, 3) >=channel3Min) & (I (::, 3)≤channel3Max)；
Output mask image based on input picture is initialised are as follows:
MaskedRGBImage=BW；
It sets background pixel to BW (vacation zero), as follows:
MaskedRGBImage (repmat (~BW, [1 11 3]))=0；
Loop truss and center determine.It is also saturating after obtaining bianry image because there are perspective distortions in threshold segmentation process
Depending on correction.For the circle in detection image, imfindcircles function has been used.The function is come in detection image using CHT
Circle.In CHT, the circle of radius ri and center (ai, bi) can be described with following parametric equation:
Xi=ai+ricos φ (1)
Yi=bi+risin φ (2)
Wherein, the range of angle is between 0 ° and 360 °, the perimeter of point (x i, y i) tracking circle.If image includes to be permitted
Multiple spot, and some of point is fallen circumferentially, then MATLAB algorithm search parameter triple (a i, b i, r i) describes
Circle.Following function gives round centre coordinate and radius:
[centers, radii]=imfindcircles (A, radiusRange)；
Due to selecting wider endless annulus that may can not find in the frame, so a suitable model should be selected
It encloses.Circle in image is the object of known dimensions, and the resolution ratio of distance and the video camera 8 to the video camera 8 is solid
Fixed.Therefore, using one narrow range of imshow () function setup for visualizing and detecting round final image.
Then, it is used for cycle detection using function viscircles, image file is stored in a catalogue by imwrite () function.
Height of specimen and maximum width measurement.The measuring device can measure axial deformation and radial deformation simultaneously, so
Need to carry out height of specimen and maximum width measurement.The code for determining height and Sample Maximal width is given below:
L=bwlabel (BW)；
S=regionprops (L)；
Rectangle(‘Position',b,‘EdgeColor',‘r')；
Function bwlabel (BW) indicates one matrix L of return, it includes the object tag connected in BW.Labeled as " 0 "
Pixel is background, indicates the object in binary picture labeled as the pixel of " 1 ".Function regionprops calculation matrix L acceptance of the bid
One group objects attribute of note.Rectangle frame defines top, bottom, right part and left part position using BoundingBox function.It uses
Rectangle function draws the square boundary being made of the sample detected.Then, it is ordered using code xlswrite ()
Load, axial deformation, picture altitude and maximum picture width value are charged in electrical form.
The technical solution that the embodiments of the present invention provide has the benefit that (1) is regarded using based on computer
The non-contact measurement method of feel measures the deformation during no confined compression, overcomes conventional contacts measurement experimental rig
Bring problems have many advantages, such as that optical path is simple, lower to environmental requirement, non-contact；(2) measuring device uses CCD
Video camera acquires the time shifting image of clay sample any time frame by frame, carries out perspective correction and ruler to image by computer
After very little measurement, Threshold segmentation is carried out to image and obtains bianry image, finally carried out loop truss and center determines, and use electronic watch
Lattice record load, deformation and snap sample dimension data in real time, can calculate in its any selection area the displacement of all the points and
Strain, and then realize measurement of full field, which greatly simplifies the operating process of operator, while improving the survey of clay sample deformation
Measure speed and precision.
It is worth noting that: " several " are meant that one or more in the description of the present invention, unless
Separately there is clearly specific restriction.In the present invention unless specifically defined or limited otherwise, term " installation ", " connected ",
The terms such as " connection ", " fixation " shall be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be being fixedly connected, may be a detachable connection, or one
Ground connection, can be mechanical connection, for the ordinary skill in the art, can understand above-mentioned art as the case may be
The concrete meaning of language in the present invention.
Herein, the nouns of locality such as related front, rear, top, and bottom are to be located in figure with components in attached drawing and zero
Part mutual position defines, only for the purpose of expressing the technical solution clearly and conveniently.It should be appreciated that the noun of locality
Use should not limit the claimed range of the application.
In the absence of conflict, the feature in embodiment and embodiment herein-above set forth can be combined with each other.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to limit the utility model, all practical at this
Within novel spirit and principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in the guarantor of the utility model
Within the scope of shield.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of uniaxial test automatic strain measurement device based on computer vision, it is characterised in that: including loading device, examination
Sample box, acquisition device, support device, the loading device include top board, lower platen, and the acquisition device includes weighing and sensing
Device, displacement sensor, video camera, light source, data logger and computer, the support device include the first pillar, bottom plate, frame
Frame, workbench, bracket, cylinder, the second pillar, third pillar and connecting column；
The inside of the workbench is equipped with driving mechanism, and one end of the cylinder is fixedly connected on workbench, fixed on the other end
It is connected with frame, one end of first pillar is fixedly connected on frame, the other end connects the weighing sensor, and described the
One end of two pillars pass through workbench is connect with driving mechanism therein, the other end is fixedly connected with the bottom plate, the bracket
One end is fixedly connected on bottom plate, the other end connects the video camera, and one end of the third pillar is fixedly connected on workbench
The upper, other end connects the light source；
The top board is connect by connecting column with weighing sensor, and the lower platen is fixedly connected on bottom plate, the sample
Box is placed between top board and lower platen, places sample in the sample box, drives the second pillar by the driving mechanism
Vertical elevating movement is done, and then the lower platen is driven to carry out uniaxial compression test to the sample in the sample box；
The data of the weighing sensor and displacement sensor record are transferred to computer, the video camera by data logger
The image transmitting of sample box is obtained to computer, image, and base are analyzed by the data processing software processing on the computer
In the displacement and strain of all the points in any region that the data of record determine sample.
2. uniaxial test automatic strain measurement device based on computer vision according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The input terminal of the data logger is equipped with several connectors, output end is equipped with computer connection interface.
3. uniaxial test automatic strain measurement device based on computer vision according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:
The weighing sensor passes through data line respectively with displacement sensor and connects two connectors, respectively to input its analog signal
In the data logger.
4. uniaxial test automatic strain measurement device based on computer vision according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:
The computer connects computer connection interface by data line, to receive the data of the data logger output.
5. uniaxial test automatic strain measurement device based on computer vision according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:
The data logger further includes weighing and sensing driver, magnification circuit plate and development board, and the computer connection interface is being opened
It sends out on plate, the development board is equipped with microcontroller.
6. uniaxial test automatic strain measurement device based on computer vision according to claim 5, it is characterised in that:
The microcontroller includes analog-digital converter, and the analog signal of the weighing sensor and displacement sensor is digitized,
It is transferred in the computer and is stored as numerical data.
7. uniaxial test automatic strain measurement device based on computer vision according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Institute's displacement sensors are LVDT micro linear sensor, and the video camera is CCD camera.
8. uniaxial test automatic strain measurement device based on computer vision according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The sample box is cylindrical body, and sample is placed in the sample box in cylindrical body.
9. uniaxial test automatic strain measurement device based on computer vision according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The light source is made of LED light array and white diffusing panel.
10. uniaxial test automatic strain measurement device based on computer vision according to claim 1, feature exist
In: the data processing software is MATLAB software.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109307620A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-02-05 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of uniaxial test automatic strain measurement device and method based on computer vision |
| CN110967264A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-04-07 | 中国矿业大学 | Dynamic-static coupling loading test system based on lever principle |
| CN110967265A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-04-07 | 中国矿业大学 | Coupled dynamic-static loading test system |
-
2018
- 2018-11-29 CN CN201821987790.7U patent/CN209400320U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109307620A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-02-05 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of uniaxial test automatic strain measurement device and method based on computer vision |
| CN110967264A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-04-07 | 中国矿业大学 | Dynamic-static coupling loading test system based on lever principle |
| CN110967265A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-04-07 | 中国矿业大学 | Coupled dynamic-static loading test system |
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