CN209327342U - A kind of laboratory testing rig that quantitative analysis farmland is nitrogen discharged - Google Patents
A kind of laboratory testing rig that quantitative analysis farmland is nitrogen discharged Download PDFInfo
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- CN209327342U CN209327342U CN201821807048.3U CN201821807048U CN209327342U CN 209327342 U CN209327342 U CN 209327342U CN 201821807048 U CN201821807048 U CN 201821807048U CN 209327342 U CN209327342 U CN 209327342U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of laboratory testing rigs that quantitative analysis farmland is nitrogen discharged, the discharge amount for quantitative analysis farmland nitrogen through rainwash, leakage elution and gaseous loss three approach.It mainly include plant culture unit, leakage liquor collecting device, runoff collecting device, sprinkler and gas collector.Apparatus main body majority is constituted with pvc pipe and its accessory.Plant culture unit is steadily placed with fixed bracket, lower section collects effusion.Plant culture unit connect with accessory can during rain making or after collection diameter fluid sample.When acquiring gaseous sample, the sampler space above plant culture unit is connect by plastic flexible pipe and bubble absorption tube with gas samping pump, collects gaseous sample for measuring ammonia volatilization amount using sour absorption process.The aperture at lower end in gas collector main body extracts gaseous sample for measuring nitrous oxide burst size with needle tubing.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of test model more particularly to a kind of laboratory testing rigs that farmland is nitrogen discharged, are used for
It collects and accurate quantitative analysis farmland nitrogen is eluted through rainwash, leakage and the discharge amount of gaseous loss three approach.
Background technique
Farmland is nitrogen discharged there are three approach, i.e. rainwash, leakage elution and gaseous loss (including ammonia volatilization and N2O is released
It puts).Either field experiment, or indoor lab scale, forefathers devise corresponding test model and carry out quantitative analysis farmland nitrogen row
It puts.Rainwash experimental rig used by field experiment mainly has a cement well method and finishing box method, these experimental rigs it is excellent
Point is that the diameter flow liquid concentration of measurement is more accurate, and being disadvantageous in that cannot be by influence factor (such as ground of control rainwash
Length is gone through in the gradient, rainfall intensity and rainfall) etc. come adjust rainwash intensity and go through length.Leakage elution used by field experiment
Experimental rig mainly has wedge shape leakage collection system, suction cup, porous leaky pipe-original-state soil leakage collector.Although these are
The obtained result of uniting closer to practical farmland nitrogen leakage elution situation, but there are project amounts greatly, large labor intensity and repeatability
The deficiencies of poor.For the gaseous loss of nitrogen, common method has closed chamber method and based on Fourier transformation-mid-infrared light third contact of a total solar or lunar eclipse spectrum
The in-site detecting method of technology.However existing field gas loss tests device cannot take into account " strong operability " and " simulation is complicated
Scene " needs to improve.As it can be seen that there are significant limitations for the nitrogen discharged system in farmland based on field experiment.In addition to field experiment
Outside, forefathers also once analyze the runoff loss of farmland nitrogen by indoor lab scale, these small testing devices can adjust rainwash
Intensity and duration, however the system cannot be used for rainwash caused by research rainfall.The test dress of indoor leakage elution
It sets, is that a certain amount of pure water is added in the basin alms bowl of culture plant or carries out " rainfall " with easy rainfall simulation device.
The advantages of both methods, is easy to operate and does not need complex appts.But since its rainfall simulation device can not be adjusted
Rainfall intensity and length is gone through, thus is difficult to simulate complicated leakage lessivation.As the above analysis, existing farmland is nitrogen discharged
Experimental rig can only pay close attention to some or two nitrogen discharged approach, thus accurately nitrogen discharged to farmland cannot quantitatively be divided
Analysis.
Moreover, be utilized respectively above-mentioned traditional experiment model determination farmland nitrogen will increase through the discharge characteristics of three approach
Systematic error.Such as it can be relatively low using traditional static case method measurement ammonia and nitrous oxide, measurement result.The reason is that ammonia and oxygen
The sub- nitrogen of change is all soluble easily in water, and conventional apparatus is closed using water seal method, is easy to cause ammonia and nitrous oxide measurement result relatively low.Separately
Outside, in practical farmland ecosystem, the kinetic energy and water that rainfall generates lead to soil splash, rainwash and leakage elution
Three nitrogen discharged approach discharge nitrogen simultaneously.It means that the discharge amount for analyzing three respectively is folded again no matter by which type of sequence
The mode added, the experimental result that all farmland can be made nitrogen discharged are bigger than normal.
Summary of the invention
The utility model, which overcomes existing experimental rig, can only pay close attention to farmland nitrogen one or two discharge approach, systematic error
Greatly, the deficiency that this three aspect cannot be organically combined between device accessory provides a kind of room that new quantitative analysis farmland is nitrogen discharged
Interior experimental rig.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted in the utility model is: a kind of quantitative analysis farmland is nitrogen discharged
Laboratory testing rig, it is characterised in that by plant culture unit, leakage liquor collecting device, runoff collecting device, gas receive
Acquisition means composition and sprinkler 16；Wherein
Plant cultivates unit and cultivates unit pvc pipe 3, Concentric Reducers 4, cleanout 6, gauze 5 by straight cross 1, plant
With outer stifled 2 composition；Plant culture 3 upper end of unit pvc pipe is nested in 1 lower end of straight cross, and lower end is nested on Concentric Reducers 4
End, 4 lower end of Concentric Reducers are connect with cleanout 6, and outer stifled 2 are mounted on 1 left and right ends of straight cross, and gauze 5 is fixed on one heart
Inner wall at 4 variable diameter of reduced pipe；
Gas collector is by two plastic hoses 7, tongs 8, plug 9, gas collector pvc pipe 10, rubber stopper
11, U-shaped bubble absorption tube 13, gas samping pump 14 and plastic bottle 15 form；Gas collector pvc pipe 10 is nested in isometrical four
Logical 1 upper end, plug 9 are nested in 10 other end of pvc pipe, and for two plastic hoses 7 by drawing in 9 hole of plug, one end is connected to U
Type bubble absorption tube 13, another one end are placed in plastic bottle 15, and U-shaped 13 other end of bubble absorption tube connects gas samping pump
14, tongs 8 are placed on plastic hose 7, and rubber stopper 11 is filled under gas collector pvc pipe 10 in stomidium；
Leakage liquor collecting device is made of the fixed bracket 19 of leakage liquor collecting device and leakage collection 20；Effusion is received
The fixed bracket 19 of acquisition means is placed on plant culture 3 outer wall of unit pvc pipe, and leakage collection 20 is put in underface, and effusion is received
Acquisition means are placed in immediately below sprinkler 16；
Runoff collecting device is made of two runoff collections 17 and the fixed bracket 18 of two runoff collecting devices；
Runoff collection 17 is placed on the fixed bracket 18 of runoff collecting device, and 1 left and right ends obliquely downward of straight cross, runoff are placed in
Liquor collecting device is placed in immediately below sprinkler 16.
The utility model has also been mentioned using the above-mentioned indoor experimental apparatus method being collected nitrogen discharged to farmland,
Specific step is as follows:
Plant cultivates unit assembling steps: first going out uniform spreading glue in 4 variable diameter of Concentric Reducers, gauze 5 is laid in
On glue and press fixation；Cleanout 6 is nested in lower end after 4 lower end inner wall spreading glue of Concentric Reducers；By external force
Plant culture 3 lower end of unit pvc pipe is tightly inserted into 4 upper end of Concentric Reducers, makes the two seamless link；Plant cultivates unit
3 upper end of pvc pipe is tightly inserted into 1 upper end of straight cross, and outer stifled 2 are installed on 1 left and right ends of straight cross.
Gas collector assembling steps: issuing two diameters hole identical with 7 outer diameter of plastic hose on plug 9, and
Plug 9 is sealed in 10 upper end of gas collector pvc pipe using glue；Two plastic hoses 7 are inserted in the hole blend compounds water
It is fixed, a tongs 8 are respectively placed on plastic hose 7；In gas collector pvc pipe 10 away from close to aperture at lower end, aperture is answered
It is consistent with 11 diameter of rubber stopper；Rubber stopper 11 is filled in into blend compounds hydropexis in hole.
Gas collection step: NH3Sample acquisition step: by the gas collector in assembled gas collector
10 lower end of pvc pipe is closely nested in 1 upper end of straight cross after uniformly smearing vaseline, opens the tongs 8 on plastic hose 7,
One end of a piece plastic hose 7 is connect with U-shaped bubble absorption tube 13, and other end is placed in plastic bottle 15 to play buffering and make
With gas samping pump 14 sets parameter and is followed by U-shaped 13 other end of bubble absorption tube, and opening gas samping pump 14 can acquire
The NH generated in entire experimental provision3, the dilute sulfuric acid in U-shaped bubble absorption tube 13 is NH3Analyze sample；NH3Analysis sample is adopted
After collection, gas samping pump 14, U-shaped bubble absorption tube 13 are removed, tongs 8 is turned off and (guarantees that gas collector is each
The air-tightness of a part) timing simultaneously, when acquisition time to be achieved, being inserted into gas in 11 draw-out device of rubber stopper with needle tubing 12 is
For N2O analyzes sample；
Effusion collection step: it by gas collector pvc pipe 10 and is connected thereto after all accessories in end remove, will seep
The fixed bracket 19 of leakage collection device is closely placed on plant culture 3 outer wall of unit pvc pipe, the fixed bracket 19 of leakage liquor collecting device
Leakage collection 20 is placed in underface, and package unit is placed in immediately below sprinkler 16；Set the ginseng of sprinkler 16
After number, 6 lower end plug of cleanout is opened, the water sample flowed into leakage collection 20 is effusion analysis sample；
Diameter flow liquid collection step: runoff collection 17 is put in adjustment 18 above the fixed bracket of runoff collecting device
It is positioned such that 1 both ends of straight cross outflow sample can accurately flow into runoff collection 17；Set sprinkler 16
After parameter, opens and block up 2 outside 1 left and right ends of straight cross, flow out, flow into straight cross both ends 1 after raindrop scavenging upper soll layer
Water sample in runoff collection 17 is diameter flow liquid analysis sample.
Sample analysis method: NH3Concentration is using sodium hypochlorite-salicylic acid spectrophotometry measurement, N2O concentration utilizes gas phase
Chromatograph measures (Agilent7890), and various nitrogen forms are all made of National Standard Method measurement in effusion, diameter fluid sample.
The length of above-mentioned plant culture unit pvc pipe 3 can be changed according to actual needs, existing in order to simulate practical farmland leakage
As general length of pipe section should be greater than 30cm；For the generation for avoiding wall attachment effect, plant culture unit PVC3 caliber be should be greater than
110mm；Plant culture unit pvc pipe 3 and straight cross 1, Concentric Reducers 4, cleanout 6, the outer stifled pipe fittings such as 2 answer mating choosing
With；It is consistent that the selection of 10 caliber of gas collector pvc pipe should cultivate unit pvc pipe 3 with plant；Gas collector pvc pipe
10 length should be adjusted according to plant growth height, highly should be on the basis of plant growth height plus 10cm.Plant culture is single
First inner stuffing should cultivate 3 upper end of unit pvc pipe with plant and flush, to guarantee later period simulation rain making for filler surface layer
Scouring effect, this flushes process and needs one week or so stationary phase.
In this experimental provision, plant cultivates a unit generally cylindrical barrel structure；Plant culture unit can pass through
Simple fixation and assembly connecting mode, simply collect effusion；Pipe fitting advantage simulated rainfall can be made full use of simultaneously
To the souring of topsoil, moreover it is possible to which the growing environment of Soil surface water layer need to be possessed by meeting part field-crop；Design can be adjusted
The sprinkler of rainfall intensity is saved to simulate natural precipitation；Gas collecting device is designed for the size of plant culture unit,
Collection for nitrogenous gas.
The principle that the utility model can analyze three, farmland nitrogen discharge approach is: (1) after applying fertilizer, plant culture is single
Member with gas collecting device by combining closely, the gaseous loss of taken at regular intervals gas analysis nitrogen, the agro-ecosystem of analysis
Nitrogen of uniting passes through the discharge process of this approach of gaseous loss.(2) when rain making occurs, the raindrop of plant culture unit are fallen into
The effect of splashing is hit to soil surface generation, simulation is sputter process of the natural precipitation to soil, and nitrogen is with surface layer in the process
The sputter of soil particle and be subjected to displacement.(3) with the extension of rain time, when amount of rainfall is sufficiently large, plant cultivates unit
Internal soil can generate leakage, simulate Soil leaching caused by natural precipitation, in the process the stronger nitrogen form of mobility with
Effusion and discharge.(4) nitrogen of the solubilised state in the soil liquid and suspended state enters runoff water simultaneously, leads to solubilised state and hangs
Floading condition nitrogen is discharged with diameter flow liquid.
Compared with prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects that
1, the utility model is a kind of laboratory testing rig, on the one hand can be collected simultaneously under condition of raining effusion,
Diameter flow liquid, for analyzing discharge characteristics of the farmland nitrogen through leakage elution, rainwash this two big approach；It on the other hand can be non-
Gaseous sample is acquired under condition of raining, the feature discharged for analyzing farmland nitrogen through gaseous loss.The core group of this experimental rig
Part is the ingenious connection type sufficiently excavating the advantage of pipe fitting and utilizing between different pipe fittings, and effect is to train plant
It supports unit, runoff collecting device and gas collecting device to organically combine, and the air tight no leakage of binding site.With conventional farmland
Nitrogen discharged experimental rig is compared, which can reduce the systematic error of test.It can study in farmland in the same system
It is nitrogen discharged caused by rainwash, leakage elution and gaseous loss three approach, and systematic error is small.
2, plant culture unit part (gas collector lower end) need to be inserted into gas collector equably smear one
Layer albolene, then gas collector is tightly inserted into when plant cultivates unit and can reach sealing effect, do not have to using biography
The water seal mode of system, can be to avoid because of ammonia caused by water seal and the relatively low problem of nitrous oxide releasing result, and then reduces system
System error.
3, plant culture element diameter can be adjusted according to soil particle diameter size, to avoid the generation of wall attachment effect, it is therefore an objective to
It avoids Soil surface water layer from directly flowing down along inner wall and in turn results in error into leakage liquor collecting device.
4, the connection that the connection of plant culture unit and runoff collecting device has using pvc pipe and pipe fitting itself is special
Point just can reach obturation effect, it is ensured that the two junction no leakage.
5, plant cultivates unit low cost and can separate with test unit in the utility model, can guarantee test energy
Multiple factors and multiple repetitions are enough designed, is reduced costs.Laboratory test requires experimental rig occupied area small, therefore this is practical
Novel is to reduce plant bulk under the premise of meeting test requirements document, reduces occupied area.
6, in use, operating procedure is simple for the utility model, can simulate different rainfall intensities, different soils class
Type, Different Crop kind, Different Crop growth phase, the different most complex scenarios such as the field face gradient and a variety of nitrogen discharged approach.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is plant culture unit section figure；
Fig. 2 is plant culture unit top view；
Device sectional view when Fig. 3 is sampling；
Wherein, 1- straight cross；It is stifled outside 2-；3- plant cultivates unit pvc pipe；4- Concentric Reducers；5- gauze；6- is cleaned
Mouthful；7- plastic hose；8- tongs；9- plug；10- gas collector pvc pipe；11- rubber stopper；12- needle tubing；13-U type gas
Steep absorption tube；14- gas samping pump；15- plastic bottle；16- sprinkler；17- runoff collection；18- diameter flow liquid is collected
Device fixes bracket；19- leaks the fixed bracket of liquor collecting device；20- leaks collection；
Fig. 4 is various nitrogen forms loss amount in Liang Zhong rice strain diameter flow liquid and effusion；Wherein a: diameter flow liquid total nitrogen loss
Amount；B: effusion total nitrogen loss amount；C: diameter flow liquid soluble nitrogen loss amount；D: effusion soluble nitrogen loss amount；E: diameter flow liquid
Ammonia nitrogen loss amount；F: leakage ammonia nitrogen loss amount；
Fig. 5 is that two kinds of rice strains handle lower gaseous losses rate diagram；A: Ammonia valatilization rate；B: nitrous oxide volatilization speed
Rate.
Specific embodiment
Example 1
It is a kind of for analyzing laboratory testing rig of the farmland nitrogen through three approach discharge characteristics, mainly include that plant culture is single
Member, leakage liquor collecting device, runoff collecting device, sprinkler and gas collector.The apparatus main body majority is with PVC
Pipe and its accessory are constituted, using existing material with accurate, cleverly connection type is constituted the whole series experimental provision.
Plant cultivates unit and cultivates unit pvc pipe 3, Concentric Reducers 4, cleanout 6, gauze 5 by straight cross 1, plant
With outer stifled 2 composition.Plant culture 3 upper end of unit pvc pipe is nested in 1 lower end of straight cross, and lower end is nested on Concentric Reducers 4
End, 4 lower end of Concentric Reducers are closely connect with cleanout 6, and outer stifled 2 are mounted on 1 left and right ends of straight cross, and gauze 5 is fixed on
Inner wall at 4 variable diameter of Concentric Reducers.
Gas collector is by plastic hose 7, tongs 8, plug 9, gas collector pvc pipe 10, rubber stopper 11, U
Type bubble absorption tube 13, gas samping pump 14, plastic bottle 15 form.Gas collector pvc pipe 10 is nested on straight cross 1
End, plastic hose 7 in 9 hole of plug by drawing, and an end is connected to U-shaped bubble absorption tube 13, and the other end is placed in plastic bottle 15, U-shaped
13 other end of bubble absorption tube connects gas samping pump 14, and tongs 8 are placed on plastic hose 7, and rubber stopper 11 closely fills in gas
In the lower stomidium of body collection device pvc pipe 10.
Leakage liquor collecting device is made of the fixed bracket 19 of leakage liquor collecting device, leakage collection 20.Effusion is received
The fixed bracket 19 of acquisition means is placed on plant culture 3 outer wall of unit pvc pipe, and leakage collection 20 is put in underface, and effusion is received
Acquisition means are placed in immediately below sprinkler 16.
Runoff collecting device is made of runoff collection 17, the fixed bracket 18 of runoff collecting device.Diameter flow liquid is received
Storage 17 is placed on the fixed bracket 18 of runoff collecting device, and 1 left and right ends obliquely downward of straight cross is placed in, and diameter flow liquid collects dress
It is placed in immediately below sprinkler 16.
It is described in detail that a kind of to utilize pvc pipe and its accessory to discharge for analyzing farmland nitrogen through three approach special now in conjunction with attached drawing
Device assembling, the sampling, analytical procedure of sign.
Step 1: plant cultivates unit assembling steps: first going out uniform spreading glue in 4 variable diameter of Concentric Reducers, by gauze 5
It is laid on glue and presses fixation；Cleanout 6 is nested in lower end after 4 lower end inner wall spreading glue of Concentric Reducers；It borrows
It helps external force that plant culture 3 lower end of unit pvc pipe is tightly inserted into 4 upper end of Concentric Reducers, makes the two seamless link；Plant culture
3 upper end of unit pvc pipe is tightly inserted into 1 upper end of straight cross, and outer stifled 2 are installed on 1 left and right ends of straight cross.
Step 2: it is identical as 7 outer diameter of plastic hose that two diameters gas collector assembling steps: are issued on plug 9
Hole, and plug 9 is sealed in 10 upper end of gas collector pvc pipe using glue；Two plastic hoses 7 are inserted in the hole simultaneously
It is fixed with glue, a tongs 8 is respectively placed on plastic hose 7；In gas collector pvc pipe 10 away from the aperture at the lower end,
It aperture should be consistent with 11 diameter of rubber stopper；Rubber stopper 11 is filled in into blend compounds hydropexis in hole.NH3Sample acquisition step: in group
10 lower end of gas collector pvc pipe in the gas collector installed is closely nested in isometrical four after uniformly smearing vaseline
Logical 1 upper end, opens the tongs 8 on plastic hose 7, and one end of a plastic hose 7 is connect with U-shaped bubble absorption tube 13, separately
Outer one end is placed in plastic bottle 15 to play buffer function, and gas samping pump 14 sets parameter and is followed by U-shaped bubble absorption tube
13 other ends, the NH generated in entire experimental provision can be acquired by opening gas samping pump 143, in U-shaped bubble absorption tube 13
Dilute sulfuric acid is NH3Analyze sample；NH3After analyzing sample acquisition, gas samping pump 14, U-shaped bubble absorption tube 13 are removed
Under, turn off tongs 8 air-tightness of gas collector various pieces (guarantee) timing simultaneously, when acquisition time to be achieved,
Being inserted into gas in 11 draw-out device of rubber stopper with needle tubing 12 is N2O analyzes sample.
Step 3: leakage liquor collecting device assembling steps: by gas collector pvc pipe 10 and to be connected thereto end all
After accessory is removed, the fixed bracket 19 of leakage liquor collecting device is closely placed on plant culture 3 outer wall of unit pvc pipe, effusion is received
Leakage collection 20 is placed immediately below the fixed bracket 19 of acquisition means, package unit is placed in immediately below sprinkler 16.Leakage
Liquid sample acquisition step: after setting 16 parameter of sprinkler, opening 6 lower end plug of cleanout, flows into leakage collection
Water sample in 20 is effusion analysis sample.
Step 4: runoff collecting device assembling steps: runoff collection 17 is put in runoff collecting device and is fixed
18 above bracket, adjustment is it is positioned such that 1 both ends of straight cross outflow sample can accurately flow into runoff collection 17.Runoff
Liquid analyzes sample acquisition step: after setting 16 parameter of sprinkler, opens and blocks up 2 outside 1 left and right ends of straight cross, raindrop punching
It is flowed out after brush upper soll layer with straight cross both ends 1, the water sample flowed into runoff collection 17 is diameter flow liquid analysis sample.
Step 5: sample analysis method: NH3Concentration is using sodium hypochlorite-salicylic acid spectrophotometry measurement, N2O concentration benefit
(Agilent7890) is measured with gas chromatograph, various nitrogen forms are all made of National Standard Method measurement in effusion, diameter fluid sample.
Example 2
It is specifically described by taking the nitrogen discharged quantitative analysis of rice ecosystem as an example and agriculture is analyzed using the utility model indoor set
The method of field nitrogen three approach discharge characteristics, this time experiment is with Liang Zhong OryzasativaLcv.Nipponbare rice strain (code name strain one, strain two)
Nitrogen discharged feature is research object.The utility model laboratory testing rig, including runoff part of detecting, leakage part of detecting, gas
State loses part of detecting and each component coupling part.
It is same by plant culture unit 110mmPVC pipe 3, the 110*50 of 110mm straight cross 1,30cm long that plant cultivates unit
Stifled 2 composition outside heart reduced pipe 4,50mm cleanout 6,120mm double gauze 5 and 110mm.Plant cultivates unit 110mmPVC pipe 3
Upper end is nested in 1 lower end of 110mm straight cross, and lower end is nested in 4 110mm bore end of 110*50 Concentric Reducers, and 110*50 is same
4 lower end of heart reduced pipe is closely connect with 50mm cleanout 6, and stifled 2 are mounted on 1 left and right ends of 110mm straight cross outside 110mm,
120mm double gauze 5 is fixed on inner wall at 4 variable diameter of 110*50 Concentric Reducers.
Gas collector by plastic hose 7 (outer diameter 8.5mm), tongs 8,110mm plug 9, a length of 50cm gas
Collection device 110mmPVC pipe 10, rubber stopper 11 (outer diameter 8mm), U-shaped bubble absorption tube 13, gas samping pump 14,1.5L plastics
Bottle 15 forms.50cm gas collector 110mmPVC pipe 10 is nested in 1 upper end of 110mm straight cross, plastic hose 7 by
It is drawn in 9 hole of 110mm plug, an end is connected to U-shaped bubble absorption tube 13, and the other end is placed in 1.5L plastic bottle 15, and U-shaped bubble is inhaled
13 other end of closed tube connects gas samping pump 14, and tongs 8 are placed on plastic hose 7, and rubber stopper 11 closely fills in gas collection
In the lower stomidium of device 110mmPVC pipe 10.
Leakage liquor collecting device is made of the fixed bracket 19 of leakage liquor collecting device, leakage collection 20.Effusion is received
The fixed bracket 19 of acquisition means is placed on plant culture 3 outer wall of unit pvc pipe, and leakage collection 20 is put in underface, and effusion is received
Acquisition means are placed in immediately below sprinkler 16.The fixed bracket 19 of leakage liquor collecting device is iron stand, and bracket lower hollow is used
Collection 20 is leaked in placing, leakage collection 20 is exactly the beaker that can be put into hollow position below bracket.
Runoff collecting device is made of runoff collection 17, the fixed bracket 18 of runoff collecting device.Diameter flow liquid is received
Storage 17 is placed on the fixed bracket 18 of runoff collecting device, and 1 left and right ends obliquely downward of straight cross is placed in, and diameter flow liquid collects dress
It is placed in immediately below sprinkler 16.The fixed bracket 18 of runoff collecting device is that height can properly balance the chair for placing beaker
Son, runoff collection 17 are sizeable clean beakers.
Laboratory testing rig assembling, sampling step are as follows during actual experiment:
Step 1: plant culture cell arrangement assembling: preparing the double-layer circular gauze 5 that diameter is 120mm, gauze is tiled
At 4 variable diameter of 110*50 Concentric Reducers, glue is painted below gauze 5, is firmly pressed gauze 5 and is secured to Concentric Reducers
Inner wall at 4 variable diameters；4 lower end of 110*50 Concentric Reducers is closely connect with 50mm cleanout 6 again, junction is fixed with glue；
Finally plant culture 3 one end of unit pvc pipe of 30cm long is tightly inserted on 110*50 Concentric Reducers 4 using hammer external force
End, so that plant culture unit pvc pipe 3 and 4 upper end seamless link of 110*50 Concentric Reducers.
Step 2: the filling plant culture medium soil in plant culture unit: first being filled out with the clean quartz sand of diameter 3-5mm
At full 4 variable diameter of 110*50 Concentric Reducers (about 0.8kg), being then filled with mixture of soil and sand 3kg, (soil sand mass ratio is 4:6；Soil
To cross the air-drying for trying soil of 2mm sieve) and suitable water (1000mL), which is added, makes it keep wet, table on mixture of soil and sand at this time
Identity distance plant cultivates 3 upper end of unit 110mmPVC pipe also there are 5cm, and remaining 5cm volume is finished with pure native (1kg) filling, this
Secondary filling should be completed in batches, and pure soil Shi Douxu appropriate compacting soil is being added every time and is adding water again, is banketing up to table on soil
Face flushes completely with plant culture 3 upper end of unit 110mmPVC pipe, is characterized in that whole system needs a stabilization process
(about one week), needed during stablizing it is constantly that soil height supplement is concordant as plant culture unit top, until soil
Upper surface no longer falls then stable completion, otherwise influences later period rain making for the souring of upper soll layer, to influence
The collection of diameter flow liquid；
Step 3: cultivating rice in plant culture unit: rice paddy seed under 28 DEG C of dark surrounds after vernalization three days,
An about 1cm is dug out with steel ruler at upper soll layer center3Pitting, select the rice paddy seed to have germinateed and be respectively put into and do not exist together
In the plant culture unit of reason, 6 seeds are sowed in each plant culture unit, seed is covered and examined with soil after placing
Look into whether upper soll layer flushes with plant culture 3 upper end of unit 110mmPVC pipe, needing to continue to supplement pure soil if not flushing makes it
It flushes, plant culture unit is placed in illumination cultivation (28 DEG C/24 DEG C；12h/12h；Intensity of illumination is 1 grade), cultivate rice
Reach within one month this test sampling analysis stage.
Step 4: the holding of Soil surface water layer: in paddy growth to after 1 month, plant being cultivated unit from illumination box
Interior taking-up need to simulate the ring for possessing Soil surface water layer at this time in order to more accurately be bonded the upgrowth situation of rice in practical farmland
Border.Therefore need to first will outside two 110mm stifled 2 be mounted on 1 left and right ends of 110mm straight cross after, then plant cultivated into unit
3 upper end of 110mmPVC pipe is tightly inserted into 1 lower end of 110mm straight cross, and it is isometrical with 110mm that plant cultivates unit 110mmPVC pipe 3
1 junction of four-way can closely connect, and guarantee water-tight.Water is slowly added into four-way at this time, makes the water layer for keeping 6cm in four-way
Can in simulated farmland rice true upgrowth situation.
Step 5: gaseous loss part of detecting: the part lost is mostly NH due to nitrogen is with gaseous state in farmland3And N2O, institute
Using this test also using both gases as Main Analysis object.A whole set of gas collector need to assemble in advance, and steps are as follows:
The hole that two diameters are 8.5mm (identical as 7 outer diameter of plastic hose) is issued on plug 9, and plug 9 is sealed in gas using glue
Two plastic hoses 7 are inserted in the hole blend compounds hydropexis, are respectively put on plastic hose 7 by 10 upper end of collection device 110mmPVC pipe
Set a tongs 8；In gas collector pvc pipe 10 away from aperture at the 5cm of lower end, aperture should be with rubber stopper 11 (diameter 8mm)
Unanimously, rubber stopper 11 is filled in into blend compounds hydropexis in hole, assembling is finished as a whole set of gas collector.NH3Sampling step:
After gas collector 110mmPVC pipe 10 is away from uniformly albolene is smeared on outer wall at the 3cm of lower end, by a whole set of gas collection
Device is tightly inserted into 1 upper end of straight cross, opens the tongs 8 on plastic hose 7, one end of a plastic hose 7 and U-shaped gas
Steeping absorption tube 13, (dilute sulfuric acid of built-in 10mL0.005mol/L is to absorb NH3) connection, other end be placed in plastic bottle 15 with
Play buffer function, gas samping pump 14 set be connected to after parameter (sampling flow 1.0L/min, sampling time 1h) it is U-shaped
13 other end of bubble absorption tube, the NH generated in entire experimental provision can be acquired by opening gas samping pump 143, U-shaped bubble suction
Dilute sulfuric acid in closed tube 13 is NH3Analyze sample；N2O sampling step: gas samping pump 14, U-shaped bubble absorption tube 13 are removed
Under, tongs 8 (air-tightness for guaranteeing gas collector various pieces) timing simultaneously is turned off, reaches 2h to acquisition time
When, being inserted into gas in 11 draw-out device of rubber stopper with needle tubing 12 is N2O analyzes sample；
Step 6: rainwash, leakage elution part of detecting: after step 4, removing a whole set of gas collector, press
Experimental design adjusts the rainfall intensity of sprinkler 16 and goes through length, and plant culture unit is fixed on leakage liquor collecting device and is consolidated
It on fixed rack 19 (iron stand), is placed in immediately below sprinkler, places runoff collection 17 (beaker), effusion is collected
20 after device (beaker), opens cleanout 6 and block up 2 outside, unlatching sprinkler 16 is collected simultaneously effusion and diameter flow liquid, diameter
Flow liquid collector 17 (beaker), 20 (beaker) interior water samples are to analyze sample after leaking collection.
Step 7: sample analysis measurement: NH3Concentration is using sodium hypochlorite-salicylic acid spectrophotometry measurement, N2O concentration benefit
(Agilent7890) is measured with gas chromatograph, various nitrogen forms are all made of National Standard Method measurement in effusion, diameter fluid sample.
In whole experiment process, do not leak air by the laboratory experiment model that above-mentioned steps assemble, leak the phenomenon that, and energy
The collecting work of gaseous sample, effusion, diameter fluid sample is smoothly completed, the experimental model can sufficiently meet experiment as the result is shown
It is required that while experimental error can be reduced, keep experimental result more acurrate.Analytical calculation is carried out to data using Origin2017, uses T
Whether the difference between two kinds of rice of test and judge is obvious.The results show that each index, under 0.05 level, two kinds of rice nitrogen are arranged
Put no significant difference.The result shows that the nitrogen loss amount that system passes through rainwash approach is 4.94- if rainfall occurs before fertilising
5.07kg/ha；Nitrogen loss amount by leaking elution approach is 3.99-4.14kg/ha；Pass through the nitrogen loss speed of ammonia volatilization approach
Rate is 311.93-344.89 μ gm-2h-1；Pass through N2The nitrogen loss rate of O release is 259.71-262.65 μ gm-2h-1；If fertilising
Rainfall (dose is 300kg/ha in the conventional management models of Taihu Lake basin rice field) system occurs afterwards and passes through rainwash approach
Nitrogen loss amount is 18.34-19.23kg/ha；Nitrogen loss amount by leaking elution approach is 31.96-32.16kg/ha；Pass through
The nitrogen loss rate of ammonia volatilization approach is 667.33-667.61 μ gm-2h-1；Pass through N2The nitrogen loss rate of O release is 472.17-
477.51μgm-2h-1.Main experimental results are shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of laboratory testing rig that quantitative analysis farmland is nitrogen discharged, it is characterised in that received by plant culture unit, effusion
Acquisition means, runoff collecting device, gas collector composition and sprinkler (16)；Wherein
Plant cultivates unit and cultivates unit pvc pipe (3), Concentric Reducers (4), cleanout (6), yarn by straight cross (1), plant
Cloth (5) and outer stifled (2) composition；Plant culture unit pvc pipe (3) upper end is nested in straight cross (1) lower end, and lower end is nested in together
Heart reduced pipe (4) upper end, Concentric Reducers (4) lower end are connect with cleanout (6), and outer stifled (2) are mounted on straight cross (1) left and right
Both ends, gauze (5) are fixed on inner wall at Concentric Reducers (4) variable diameter；
Gas collector is by two plastic hoses (7), tongs (8), plug (9), gas collector pvc pipe (10), rubber
Rubber plug (11), U-shaped bubble absorption tube (13), gas samping pump (14) and plastic bottle (15) composition；Gas collector pvc pipe
(10) it is nested in straight cross (1) upper end, plug (9) is nested in pvc pipe (10) other end, and two plastic hoses (7) are by plug
(9) it is drawn in hole, one end is connected to U-shaped bubble absorption tube (13), and another one end is placed in plastic bottle (15), U-shaped
Bubble absorption tube (13) other end connects gas samping pump (14), and tongs (8) are placed on plastic hose (7), rubber stopper (11)
It fills under gas collector pvc pipe (10) in stomidium；
Leakage liquor collecting device is made of leakage liquor collecting device fixed bracket (19) and leakage collection (20)；Effusion is received
Acquisition means fixed bracket (19) are placed on plant culture unit pvc pipe (3) outer wall, and underface is put leakage collection (20), seeped
Leakage collection device is placed in immediately below sprinkler (16)；
Runoff collecting device is made of two runoff collections (17) and two runoff collecting devices fixed bracket (18)；
Runoff collection (17) is placed on runoff collecting device fixed bracket (18), is placed in straight cross (1) left and right ends obliquely downward
Side, runoff collecting device are placed in immediately below sprinkler (16).
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