CN209182210U - Frozen-thawed cycled acts on lower soil body osmotic coefficient measuring instrument - Google Patents
Frozen-thawed cycled acts on lower soil body osmotic coefficient measuring instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN209182210U CN209182210U CN201822122184.5U CN201822122184U CN209182210U CN 209182210 U CN209182210 U CN 209182210U CN 201822122184 U CN201822122184 U CN 201822122184U CN 209182210 U CN209182210 U CN 209182210U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of Frozen-thawed cycleds to act on lower soil body osmotic coefficient measuring instrument, including pedestal, pedestal central upper portion offers downward groove, lower part permeable stone is provided in groove, opposite sides is respectively arranged with the gas vent for being connected to groove middle and lower part permeable stone lower part and inlet opening on base side, the transparent tube of upper and lower opening is placed in the groove on lower part permeable stone top, the place suitable for reading of transparent tube is embedded with cover board, cover board is embedded with top permeable stone, and cover board side offers the drainage hole being connected to above the permeable stone of top；Two first bolts are symmetrically fixed on pedestal outside transparent tube, first bolt upper end is higher by cover board, cover board fixed plate is set on two first bolts, the nut that can be rotated and can move up and down along the first bolt is provided on first bolt on cover board fixed plate top, the center of cover board fixed plate is overlapped with cover plate central, bolt hole is offered at the center of cover board fixed plate, and the second bolt is screwed in bolt hole.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of Geotechnical Engineering, it is especially a kind of for general measure soil permeability coefficient and
The measuring instrument of the variation of the appearance of a sample crackle and CT experiment and SEM specific-assignment sampling after soil freezing-thawing circulation.
Background technique
Conventional permeameter can satisfy the measurement of the infiltration coefficient of specific soil, and exist for some cold regions engineering soil
Frozen-thawed cycled acts on the variation (development in such as crack) of lower soil surface appearance, the measurement of infiltration coefficient after Frozen-thawed cycled, and
For the sampling of research such as CT experiment, the SEM experiment of some microcosmic aspects, there are certain shortcomings for conventional infiltration instrument:
1. traditional infiltration instrument cover is iron sheet package, internal sample structure can not be effective after the effect of infiltration water
Observation, be unfavorable for privileged sites SEM sampling.
2. traditional medium-sized infiltration instrument is because the requirement of size and shape can not be put into some scanning computed tomography instruments and carry out
The scanning of sample internal structure.
3. traditional infiltration instrument is to be fixed on a certain position mostly, it is not easy to disassembly and assembly.
The variation of soil internal structure external structure is one of problem to be solved in geotechnical engineering after Frozen-thawed cycled.
Chinese patent 201520521522.6 discloses a kind of Thawing soil permeance property test device, which has a side
The soil sample case of body, the top and bottom of soil sample case are connected separately with drainpipe and lower drainpipe, are equipped with below soil sample case cold
Freeze liquid coil pipe；It is equipped with filter layer around soil sample case, is provided with multiple filter openings on the soil sample case at filter layer, on the filter layer of two sides
It is respectively equipped with side drainpipe and side water inlet pipe, the turnover exit of lower drainpipe and side drainpipe is equipped with an infiltration water bottle.It should
Permeability apparatus is feasible solving vertical and Lateral coefficient of permeability, but as a complete unit, because CT instrument can put down sample
Size is limited, so size is larger and irregular shape will be unfavorable for sample further CT test after Frozen-thawed cycled.
Chinese patent application 2017107299304 discloses a kind of multi-joint flexible wall permeameter, including bracket, sets in bracket
It is equipped with transparent cylinder, transparent cylinder upper end is covered with top cover, and penetrating fluid conveying device is connected by inlet tube and soil sample one end,
Shower gel receiving flask is connected by drain pipe and the soil sample other end, and transparent cylinder lumen is connected with into water and drainpipe, soil examination
The top and bottom of sample are connected with exhaust pipe；Relief passage is provided on top cover, relief passage is configured with pressure reducing valve, and pressurize branch pipe
It is connected through top cover with transparent inner barrel, check valve is had on the branch pipe that pressurizes, flexible wall permeameter is configured with more, Mei Gerou
Property wall permeameter pressurization branch pipe with pressurization general pipeline connect, pressurize general pipeline connection force (forcing) pump.Under the instrument can carry out routinely
Infiltration coefficient test, and if needing integrally to remove instrument, or carry out freeze thawing in freezer when carrying out freezing and thawing test
Circulation.
Chinese patent application 201711094908.3 discloses a kind of test dress for simulating soil body failure by piping development process
It sets and test method, varying head water system is connect by water supplying pipe with see-through model bottom portion, the top of the transparent mould molding box
Portion is provided with outlet pipe, is laid with multi-layer porous cover board in see-through model bottom portion；Saturation is provided with above multi-layer porous cover board
Fluorescer is added in transparent soil sample in the pore-fluid in varying head water system, and laser is placed in the outside of transparent mould molding box,
CCD camera is placed in the outside of transparent mould molding box, equidistantly lays pore pressure measuring device in transparent mould molding box.The measuring device is set
Haggle over, idea and method might as well, major advantage be by the way that fluorescer is added in a fluid, to simulate the percolation path of the soil body, but
The instrument is equally because the appearance requirement of construction can not carry out freezing and thawing test.
Utility model content
Purpose of the utility model is to overcome the deficiencies of the above prior art and provide a kind of Frozen-thawed cycleds to act on the lower soil body
Gas permeability measurement instrument, the apparatus structure is simple, reusable, and overall stability is good, strong applicability, infiltration in make-up room
The measurement method of sample is easy to operate, and the indoor infiltration specimen surface to complete is clear regular convenient for observation, after completing
Infiltration coefficient measuring principle adapt to design requirement.
To achieve the above object, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:
A kind of lower soil body osmotic coefficient measuring instrument of Frozen-thawed cycled effect, including pedestal, the pedestal central upper portion open up
There is downward groove, lower part permeable stone is provided in groove, opposite sides, which is respectively arranged with, on base side is connected in groove
The gas vent of lower part permeable stone lower part and inlet opening are placed with the transparent tube of upper and lower opening in the groove on lower part permeable stone top,
The place suitable for reading of transparent tube is embedded with cover board, and cover board is embedded with top permeable stone, and cover board side, which offers, is connected to top permeable stone
The drainage hole of top；
It is symmetrically fixed with two first bolts on pedestal outside transparent tube, first bolt upper end is higher by cover board, and two
Cover board fixed plate is set on the first bolt of root, being provided on the first bolt of cover board fixed plate top and the bottom can rotate and energy
The nut moved up and down along the first bolt, the center of cover board fixed plate are overlapped with cover plate central, are opened at the center of cover board fixed plate
Equipped with bolt hole, the second bolt is screwed in bolt hole.
Weld an arc shaped handle in the top of two first bolts.
It is all connected with pipeline outside the gas vent, inlet opening and drainage hole, is respectively provided with valve on pipeline.
First bolt lower part is fixed on pedestal by screw thread and nut.
The pedestal and transparent tube are circle.
The groove internal diameter is in two-stage step shape, and lower diameter is less than upper diameter, and lower diameter and height are and lower part
Permeable stone outer diameter and thickness are equal, and upper diameter is equal with transparent tube outer diameter, can make transparent tube lower end is whole to be embedded into groove well
In, and leakproofness is good.
The transparent tube place suitable for reading is in two-stage step shape, and upper diameter is greater than lower diameter, upper diameter and height with
The outer diameter and thickness of cover board are equal, can make cover board is whole to be embedded into transparent tube well, leakproofness is good.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are: the Thawing soil permeating performance tester for portable device can not only do the two dimension of Thawing soil
Varying head test, moreover it can be used to the constant head test of the larger soil sample of infiltration coefficient, for test various soils, different directions, no
With freezing mode, different thawings modes Thawing soil permeance property, can high efficiency complete, it is two-dimentional to realize that ice melts soil
Infiltration coefficient test.Its soil sample case is made into using transparent acrylic board, and process of osmosis is intuitive.
Fluorescer can also be added to simulate seepage through soil mass path in this instrument in water flow liquid.It is broken that piping can also be measured
Bad development process as long as adding an acquisition device in outside, while can also measure at the scene, can solve infiltration
Further CT and the SEM test etc. of sample after saturating coefficient and seepage failure.
This infiltration instrument can be carried out in most of occasions using being reused after assembling convenient for dismantling at any time.This instrument can
To carry out the measurement of the infiltration coefficient of coarse-grained soil and clay under the conditions of room temperature and Frozen-thawed cycled (melt 50 DEG C and freeze -30 DEG C),
And then convenience can be provided for the measurement of the CT and SEM technology of later period microcosmic aspect, it is carried out convenient for being put into some scanning computed tomography instruments
The crackle variation of specimen surface visible in detail sample after Frozen-thawed cycled effect is capable of in the scanning of sample internal structure.Sample
Method is simple and reliable, and instrument is in addition to that can take the live measurement for carrying out infiltration coefficient to indoors or after dismantling.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the handle section and transparent tube structural schematic diagram of the utility model one embodiment；
Fig. 2 is covering plate structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is the top view of Fig. 2；
Fig. 4 is schematic diagram of base structure；
Fig. 5 is the top view of Fig. 4；
Fig. 6 is the whole facing structure figure of the utility model one embodiment；
Fig. 7 is the left view of Fig. 6；
Fig. 8 is the top view of Fig. 6；
Wherein, 1. transparent tube, 2. first bolts, 3. handles, 4. cover boards, 5. top permeable stones, 6. drainage holes, 7. valves,
8. pedestal, 9. lower part permeable stones, 10. gas vents, 11. inlet openings, 12. bolts hole, 13. cover board fixed plates, 14. nuts, 15. is recessed
Slot, 16. second bolts,
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
This specification structure depicted in this specification institute accompanying drawings, ratio, size etc., only to cooperate specification revealed interior
Hold, so that those skilled in the art understands and reads, is not intended to limit the utility model enforceable qualifications, therefore not
Has technical essential meaning, the modification of any structure, the change of proportionate relationship or the adjustment of size are practical new not influencing this
Under the effect of type can be generated and the purpose that can reach, it should all still fall in the revealed technology contents of the utility model and obtain and can contain
In the range of lid.Meanwhile cited such as "upper" in this specification, "lower", "left", "right", " centre " and " one " term,
It is merely convenient to being illustrated for narration, rather than to limit the enforceable range of the utility model, the change of relativeness or tune
It is whole, under the content of no substantial changes in technology, when being also considered as the enforceable scope of the utility model.
As Figure 1-Figure 8, Frozen-thawed cycled acts on lower soil body osmotic coefficient measuring instrument, including pedestal 8, the pedestal 8
Central upper portion offers downward groove 15, and lower part permeable stone 9 is provided in groove 15, and opposite sides is distinguished on 8 side of pedestal
It is provided with the gas vent 10 for being connected to 15 middle and lower part permeable stone of groove, 9 lower part and inlet opening 11.Pedestal 8, internal diameter 121mm, outside
Diameter 161mm, along the downward 1cm of depth 3cm, i.e. depth is that diameter 101mm, 1cm deep groove 15, which is stayed, puts 1cm thickness at 3cm-4cm
Lower part permeable stone 9, bottom there are gas vent and water inlet hole path.
The transparent tube 1 of upper and lower opening is placed in the groove 15 on 9 top of lower part permeable stone, pedestal 8 and transparent tube 1 are circle
Shape.The place suitable for reading of transparent tube 1 is embedded with cover board 4, and cover board 4 is embedded with top permeable stone 5, and 4 side of cover board, which offers, to be connected to
The drainage hole 6 of 5 top of portion's permeable stone.Transparent tube 1 is lucite cylinder, wall thickness 1cm, internal diameter 101mm, outer diameter 121mm, height
Spend 21cm.It is being 111mm from internal diameter at the supreme 20cm-21cm in bottom；Round 4 internal diameter 101mm outer diameter 111mm of nylon cover board,
Permeable stone 5 diameter in top is 101mm, with a thickness of 1cm,
It is symmetrically fixed with two first bolts 2 on pedestal 8 outside transparent tube 1,2 upper end of the first bolt is higher by cover board 4, and two
Cover board fixed plate 13 is set with by bolt hole 12 on bolt 4, is provided on the first bolt 2 of 13 top and the bottom of cover board fixed plate
The center of the nut 14 that can be rotated and can move up and down along the first bolt 2, cover board fixed plate 13 is overlapped with 4 center of cover board, lid
Bolt hole 12 is offered at the center of plate fixed plate 13, and the second bolt 16 is screwed in bolt hole.The top weldering of two first bolts 2
Connect an arc shaped handle 3.First bolt, 2 lower part is fixed on pedestal 8 by screw thread and nut.Entire first bolt length is
25cm, top curved section are handle, can integrally be welded.
It is all connected with pipeline outside gas vent 10, inlet opening 11 and drainage hole 6, valve 7 is respectively provided on pipeline.
15 internal diameter of groove is in two-stage step shape, and lower diameter is less than upper diameter, and lower diameter and height are saturating with lower part
9 outer diameter of water stone and thickness are equal, and upper diameter is equal with 1 outer diameter of transparent tube, can make 1 lower end of transparent tube is whole to be embedded into groove well
In 15, and leakproofness is good.
The place suitable for reading of transparent tube 1 is in two-stage step shape, and upper diameter is greater than lower diameter, and upper diameter and height are and cover board
4 outer diameter and thickness is equal, can make cover board 4 is whole to be embedded into well in transparent tube 1, leakproofness is good.
The effect of top flowing water Valve: can (clay) be saturated when opening valve be evacuated, then water inlet saturation.
The apopore that can be used as the permeability test of coarse-grained soil under constant head after saturation carries out the measurement of displacement.And entire instrument can be with
It is placed directly in saturator and carries out pumping saturation.The permeability test of coarse-grained soil can carry out displacement directly as flowing water Valve
Measurement.(note: the hole will not cause the destruction of sample in the top of permeable stone because of too fast problem of intaking).
Lower part inlet valve effect: can (clay) be saturated when opening valve be evacuated, then water inlet saturation.It is full
It can be used as the inlet opening of the permeability test of coarse-grained soil under constant head with after.The permeability test of coarse-grained soil can be directly as water inlet
Mouthful, water carries out sample saturation by lower part to top.(note: the hole will not be caused in the lower section of permeable stone because of too fast problem of intaking
The destruction of sample).
Lower exhaust valve function: in addition to that can carry out under normal condition other than the gas vent of the permeability test of sample, glutinous
Soil infiltration sample pumping saturation when, can be used as water inlet carry out sample saturation (note: the hole is in the lower section of permeable stone, no
The destruction of sample can be caused because of too fast problem of intaking).
It tightens fixed device effect: carrying out the fixation of sample using bolt, sample top is nylon cover board, and cover board, which covers, to be tried
Sample top, and sample is fully sealed, there is the cube iron block pressure of perforation on cover board top on the cover board, and by two sides nuts and
The bolt at intermediate position is tightened to the lower part, and sample is water-tight during carrying out guarantee test.
The effect of nylon cover board: nylon lid intralamellar part is depth 1cm, internal diameter 101mm, outer diameter 111mm.Inside can be put down
Permeable stone, and sample can be guaranteed at the sealing after sample.
The effect of lucite cylinder: lucite cylinder is at sample internal diameter 101mm, height 21cm, for sample at sample (enrockment
Stone can also be mixed in the permeability test of material).Internal diameter is 111mm at the 20-21cm of top, can be put into entire cover board, is guaranteed
The sealing of sample.It carries out that sample percolation path can be clearly apparent when the permeability test of Coarse Aggregate.The organic glass can permeate
Testing the situation of change of the moment observation sample outer surface in frozen-thaw process, (variation of face crack is more in the test of coarse-grained soil
Obviously).In addition, the lucite cylinder can carry out the freezing without being damaged by frost of sample at -30 DEG C, melt sample at normal temperature
It is bad without melting that sample drying is carried out in 50 DEG C of baking oven.
Sealing device (i.e. fixed cover board 13 and its bolt and nut) is tightened on top when sample fills sample to remove, takes out nylon lid
Plate 4, lucite cylinder, soil sample carry out dress sample in lucite cylinder, and pedestal 8 is put permeable stone well in advance and soaked, and sample fills sample
After the completion, by 8 traverse of pedestal, by sample righting after lucite cylinder is docked completely with pedestal 8, and nylon cover board 4 is covered, led to
The fixation cover board 13 and corresponding nuts for the perforation for crossing upper bolt and two sides carry out tightening fixation, and device is fixed to be completed
Afterwards.Be saturated from top to bottom by inlet valve, soil (clay) lower for infiltration coefficient also after sample installs,
It carries out vacuumizing saturation by opening Inlet and outlet water and drain tap.It can carry out conventional permeability test after saturation, and can be with after being saturated
The variation for observing specimen surface appearance, also can be directly used for CT scan.Furthermore sample 50 DEG C of temperature can be dried in baking oven
It is dry.That sample is dismantled after drying fixes device up and down, and sample slowly released to (sample can be incomplete by bottom or top
Drying, can be very good to release in this way) and carry out the sampling that SEM tests specific position.
A kind of application method acting on lower soil body osmotic coefficient measuring instrument using Frozen-thawed cycled, comprising the following steps:
1. configuring a certain amount of required sample measured；
2. instrument base and two root long bolts are fixed, the bolt of cover board fixed plate lower part, which is fixed, prevents cover board
Fixed plate glides, and permeable stone is put into the slot of bottom, and the requirement standardized according to " earthwork test rule ", in permeable stone
Put the filter paper (filter paper effect: preventing top particle blocking water inlet and exhaust passage) of equidimension in top.
3. lucite cylinder is embedded into the slot of bottom, (rubber ring that bottom can be put into equal base dimensions can be prevented
Leak), start the filling of sample material according to the requirement that " earthwork test rule " standardizes.(for it is some be not easy to be hit it is real thick
What grain soil can carry out sample in first lucite cylinder hits reality, then by pedestal square, will slowly fill excellent organic glass
Docking is carried out after cylinder square is embedded into pedestal.)
4. after filling, placing into top permeable stone after being put into filter paper, and cover board is covered.By cover board fixed plate lower part spiral shell
Bolt is adjusted toward lower part, and cover board is fixed.To prevent moment of flexure from generating, the bolt at underway position is fixed.And it will
The bolt on cover board fixed plate top is twisted down, carrys out the fixation to cover board with this.
After 5. sample fills sample success:
1) constant head saturation, can be carried out for coarse-grained soil, then carry out gas permeability measurement.
2) the biggish clay of viscosity carries out pumping saturation, is detailed in " earthwork test rule ", full according to " earthwork test rule "
With when first close top water discharging valve, open drain tap, water flowed into sample bucket by inlet valve, the gas of bottom is by being vented
Hole discharge, opens top water discharging valve, when the discharge of the uniform fluid flow of the water discharging valve on sample top, carries out stopwatch and displacement
Measurement, and with the temperature note of thermometer measure Inlet and outlet water: the determination of water-head is carried out before saturation according to " earthwork test rule ",
Then gas permeability measurement is carried out.
The measure equation of infiltration coefficient: the osmotic coefficient k of sample when calculating 20 DEG C of normal temperature using following formula20:
In formula, kTInfiltration coefficient when-water temperature is T DEG C, cm/s；
Amount of seepage of the Q-in time t second, cm3；
A-sample section product, cm2；(area of a circle i.e. under glass infuser internal diameter)
Distance among L-pressure tap, cm；(height of glass infuser)
H-piezometric level is poor, cm；
T-time, s；
T DEG C of-water and Coefficient of Kinenatic Viscosity ratio when normal temperature；It is detailed in " earthwork test rule ".
7. freezing and thawing test, it is only necessary to which sample is put into the baking oven and freezer (or frozen process experiment case) temperature ring of needs
It is tested in border.
8.CT's and SEM tears sample open, it is only necessary to up twist upper nut, then move up cover board fixed plate, open nylon
Cover board after laying flat sample, tears sample open slowly, prevents sample from disturbing.
It is above-mentioned although specific embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but it is not practical new to this
The limitation of type protection scope, those skilled in the art should understand that, based on the technical solution of the present invention, ability
Field technique personnel do not need to make the creative labor the various modifications or changes that can be made still in the protection model of the utility model
Within enclosing.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of Frozen-thawed cycled acts on lower soil body osmotic coefficient measuring instrument, characterized in that including pedestal, in the pedestal top
The heart offers downward groove, and lower part permeable stone is provided in groove, and opposite sides, which is respectively arranged with, on base side is connected to
The gas vent of groove middle and lower part permeable stone lower part and inlet opening are placed with the saturating of upper and lower opening in the groove on lower part permeable stone top
Placket, the place suitable for reading of transparent tube are embedded with cover board, and cover board is embedded with top permeable stone, and cover board side offers that be connected to top saturating
Drainage hole above water stone；
It is symmetrically fixed with two first bolts on pedestal outside transparent tube, first bolt upper end is higher by cover board, and two
Cover board fixed plate is set on one bolt, being provided on the first bolt of cover board fixed plate top and the bottom can rotate and can be along
The center of the nut that one bolt moves up and down, cover board fixed plate is overlapped with cover plate central, is offered at the center of cover board fixed plate
Bolt hole is screwed with the second bolt in bolt hole.
2. Frozen-thawed cycled as described in claim 1 acts on lower soil body osmotic coefficient measuring instrument, characterized in that described two pieces the
Weld an arc shaped handle in the top of one bolt.
3. Frozen-thawed cycled as described in claim 1 acts on lower soil body osmotic coefficient measuring instrument, characterized in that the exhaust
It is all connected with pipeline outside hole, inlet opening and drainage hole, is respectively provided with valve on pipeline.
4. Frozen-thawed cycled as described in claim 1 acts on lower soil body osmotic coefficient measuring instrument, characterized in that first spiral shell
Bolt lower part is fixed on pedestal by screw thread and nut.
5. Frozen-thawed cycled as described in claim 1 acts on lower soil body osmotic coefficient measuring instrument, characterized in that the pedestal and
Transparent tube is circle.
6. Frozen-thawed cycled as described in claim 1 acts on lower soil body osmotic coefficient measuring instrument, characterized in that in the groove
Diameter be in two-stage step shape, lower diameter be less than upper diameter, lower diameter and height with lower part permeable stone outer diameter and thickness phase
Deng upper diameter is equal with transparent tube outer diameter, can make that transparent tube lower end is whole to be embedded into well in groove, and leakproofness is good.
7. Frozen-thawed cycled as described in claim 1 acts on lower soil body osmotic coefficient measuring instrument, characterized in that the transparent tube
Place suitable for reading be in two-stage step shape, upper diameter be greater than lower diameter, upper diameter and height with the outer diameter of cover board and thickness phase
Deng can make that cover board is whole to be embedded into well in transparent tube, leakproofness is good.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109406373A (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2019-03-01 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Frozen-thawed cycled acts on lower soil body osmotic coefficient measuring instrument and application method |
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2018
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109406373A (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2019-03-01 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Frozen-thawed cycled acts on lower soil body osmotic coefficient measuring instrument and application method |
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