CN209055745U - Automatic clamping device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of automatic clamping devices, and for clamping glass slide, wherein automatic clamping device includes: slide clamping frame；Supporting plate is set on slide clamping frame；Ambulatory splint is flexibly connected with slide clamping frame, and ambulatory splint is to be rotated using the link position of itself and slide clamping frame as shaft, and ambulatory splint and supporting plate are to be correspondingly arranged and form clamp hand with ambulatory splint, and clamp hand is for clamping glass slide；One end of transmission mechanism, one end and ambulatory splint connects；Electromagnetic drive mechanism is set on slide clamping frame；Iron core, it is set in electromagnetic drive mechanism, the other end connection of iron core and transmission mechanism, when electromagnetic drive mechanism is powered, electromagnetic drive mechanism drives iron core to be moved to the second position by first position, and iron core drives ambulatory splint rotation to be closed clamp hand by transmission mechanism；And spring, it is set on iron core.The utility model has structure simple, small in size, the advantage that manufacturing cost is low, easy to maintain.

Description

Automatic clamping device

Technical field

The utility model relates to a kind of automatic clamping device, the clamping more particularly to a kind of automatic clamping glass slide is filled It sets, is mainly used in microscope technology field.

Background technique

Microscope is a kind of biological science & research instrument, is mainly used for amplifying small items to make one visually see.

It is most of based on manual operations currently, microscope on the market, less model it is complete from microscope functions, but It is that structure is complicated, expensive, the simple microscope of structure is not able to satisfy major applications requirement again.With computer technology with The development of digital imaging technique, eye-observation, identification work high-resolution image can be acquired by numeral camera system, by Computer is analyzed and processed to the image of acquisition, identifies that microscope is mounted with automatic control device, and benefit is computerizedd control aobvious Micro mirror scanning, and automatically record scan data.So that in the past must be by eye-observation, the work of identification, it substantially can be automatic It completes.

But existing microscope needs to be replaced by clamp device when taking glass slide, putting glass slide, it is existing at present There is the clamp device of technology to have pneumatic type, fluid pressure type and mechanical.Pneumatic type clamp device crawl glass slide speed is fast, and structure Simply, but the vibration of pneumatic type clamp device is bigger, is not suitable for precision instrument；Fluid pressure type clamp device can use electro-hydraulic servo machine Structure positioning, fluid pressure type clamp device is commonly applied to large scale equipment, and clamp device system structure is huge；Mechanical clamp device is only It can apply to act simple occasion, and the effect of automatic control is not achieved in purely mechanic clamp device.

Utility model content

The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a kind of automatic clamping devices, are asked with solving above-mentioned technology Topic, specific technical solution are as follows: providing a kind of automatic clamping device, for clamping glass slide, wherein automatic clamping device includes: Slide clamping frame；Supporting plate is set on slide clamping frame；Ambulatory splint is flexibly connected with slide clamping frame, and ambulatory splint is with itself and glass The link position of piece clamping frame is shaft rotation, and ambulatory splint and supporting plate are to be correspondingly arranged and form clamp hand, clamp hand with ambulatory splint For clamping glass slide；One end of transmission mechanism, one end and ambulatory splint connects；Electromagnetic drive mechanism is set to slide clamping frame On；Iron core is set in electromagnetic drive mechanism, the other end connection of iron core and transmission mechanism, when electromagnetic drive mechanism energization, electricity Magnetic driving mechanism drives iron core to be moved to the second position by first position, and iron core drives ambulatory splint to rotate by transmission mechanism It is closed clamp hand；And spring, it is set on iron core, when electromagnetic drive mechanism is powered, electromagnetic drive mechanism drives iron core mobile And compressed spring, and when iron core is moved to the second position, spring is located at compression position；When electromagnetic drive mechanism power-off, spring It resets and first position is moved to by the second position with dynamic iron core, spring is located at reset position, and iron core is driven by transmission mechanism Ambulatory splint rotates and opens clamp hand.Wherein, when electromagnetic drive mechanism is powered, iron core is located at the second position, and spring is located at pressure It condenses and sets, clamp hand closure；When electromagnetic drive mechanism powers off, iron core is located at first position, and spring is located at reset position, clamp hand It opens.

In a kind of possible design, automatic clamping device further includes plectrum steel wire, and one end is set on slide clamping frame, separately One end passes through ambulatory splint and is located in clamp hand, and when clamp hand clamps glass slide, slide steel wire is in compressive state, carries glass when clamp hand discharges Piece, plectrum steel wire are released in reset state and from clamp hand glass slide.

In a kind of possible design, supporting plate is set to the end of slide clamping frame and is located at the lower end of slide clamping frame, supporting plate It is fixedly arranged on slide clamping frame by screw.

In a kind of possible design, automatic clamping device further includes straight pin, and ambulatory splint is by a level board and to erect The L shaped plate of straight panel composition, the lower end of vertical plate are equipped with axis hole, and slide clamping frame is equipped with through-hole corresponding with axis hole, ambulatory splint Axis hole and corresponding through-hole are passed through with straight pin and slide clamping frame is rotatablely connected.

In a kind of possible design, transmission mechanism further includes push rod and shaft coupling, and one end of push rod and ambulatory splint connect It connects, the other end of push rod and one end of shaft coupling connect, and the other end of shaft coupling is connect with iron core.

In a kind of possible design, electromagnetic drive mechanism further includes electromagnet and iron plate, and electromagnet is set to glass slide clamp On frame, iron plate is fixedly arranged on iron core and is located at electromagnet exterior, and spring is set on iron core and between iron plate and electromagnet, When electromagnetic drive mechanism is powered, electromagnet generates magnetic, and electromagnet attracts iron plate mobile towards electromagnet, and iron plate band dynamic iron core is by the One position is moved to the second position and compressed spring, and when electromagnetic drive mechanism powers off, electromagnet loses magnetism, and spring reset simultaneously leads to It crosses iron plate band dynamic iron core and first position is moved to by the second position.

In a kind of possible design, automatic clamping device further includes electromagnet stent, and electromagnet stent is L bracket knot Structure, electromagnet stent are fixedly arranged on slide clamping frame, and electromagnet is fixedly arranged on slide clamping frame.

In a kind of possible design, automatic clamping device further includes flexible winding displacement and movable drag chain, flexible winding displacement and electricity The leading-out terminal of magnet connects, and flexible winding displacement is set in movable drag chain.

In a kind of possible design, automatic clamping device further includes sensor, be set on slide clamping frame and and iron core Corresponding, sensor judges the opening and closing of clamp hand by sensing the position of iron core.

In a kind of possible design, automatic clamping device further includes heat-conducting glue, applies and is set on electromagnetic drive mechanism, thermally conductive Heat dissipation and electromagnetic shielding of the glue for electromagnetic mechanism.

The utility model has had the advantage that compared with prior art:

1, the automatic catching mechanism of the utility model is electrodynamic type grasping mechanism, is controlled by electromagnetic drive mechanism and spring The closure and opening of clamp hand can accurately grab glass slide, high-efficient；

2, the supporting plate of the utility model, ambulatory splint, transmission mechanism, electromagnetic drive mechanism, iron core and spring are arranged at On slide clamping frame, have structure simple, small in size, the advantage that manufacturing cost is low, easy to maintain.

Detailed description of the invention

Using attached drawing, the utility model is described in further detail, but the content in attached drawing does not constitute and appoints to the utility model What is limited.

Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the automatic clamping device of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the schematic top plan view of the automatic clamping device of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is the schematic top plan view after the automatic clamping device removal supporting plate of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the slide clamping frame of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of the supporting plate of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram of the ambulatory splint of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is that the electromagnet of an embodiment of the present invention is mounted on the structural schematic diagram of electromagnet stent.

Fig. 8 is the structural schematic diagram of the electromagnet stent of an embodiment of the present invention.

Specific embodiment

A kind of automatic clamping device 1 is disclosed in an embodiment of the utility model, as shown in figures 1-8, for clamping Glass slide, automatic clamping device 1 include slide clamping frame 2, supporting plate 3, ambulatory splint 4, transmission mechanism 5, electromagnetic drive mechanism 6, iron Core 7 and spring 8, in which:

It please refers to shown in Fig. 4, slide clamping frame 2 is used to provide rigid branch for supporting plate 3, ambulatory splint 4 and electromagnetic drive mechanism 6 It supports, slide clamping frame 2 disclosed in the present embodiment is rectangle structure, and upper part is equipped with a groove 21, for accommodating and placing Transmission mechanism 5 and electromagnetic drive mechanism 6, but be not limited thereto, those skilled in the art according to the present utility model can teach It leads and selects other suitable 2 structures of slide clamping frame.

Supporting plate 3 is set on slide clamping frame 2, is please referred to shown in Fig. 5, supporting plate 3 disclosed in the present embodiment include the first plate 31, Second plate 32 and third plate 33, the first plate 31 and the second plate 32 are to be arranged in parallel, and third plate 33 is for connecting the first plate 31 and the Two plates 32, and its both ends is connect with the end vertical of the first plate 31 and the second plate 32 respectively, and the first plate 31 carries glass for clamping Piece, the second plate 32 with slide clamping frame 2 for connecting, and the structure of right supporting plate 3 is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can root Other suitable structures, such as plate-like structure are selected according to the introduction of the utility model.

In a preferred embodiment, it please refers to shown in Fig. 1,2,5, supporting plate 3 is set to the end of slide clamping frame 2 and is located at glass The lower end of piece clamping frame 2, further two sides are additionally provided with the 4th plate 34 upwardly extended to the present embodiment on disclosed second plate 32, and the 4th Plate 34 is equipped with multiple first screw holes 35, and slide clamping frame 2 is equipped with multiple second screw holes corresponding with the first screw hole 35 36, supporting plate 3 is inserted into the first screw hole 35 and corresponding second screw hole 36 fixed with slide clamping frame 2 by the first screw 36 Connection, but is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can introduction selection according to the present utility model other suitable connections Mode, such as the first screw hole 35 is set up directly on the second plate 32, then pass through the first screw 36 and the fixed company of slide clamping frame 2 It connects.

Ambulatory splint 4 is flexibly connected with slide clamping frame 2, and it is to turn that ambulatory splint 4, which is with the link position of itself and slide clamping frame 2, Axis rotation, please refers to shown in Fig. 6, ambulatory splint 4 disclosed in the present embodiment is the L shape being made of a level board 41 and vertical plate 42 Plate, the lower end of vertical plate 42 are equipped with axis hole 43, and slide clamping frame 2 is equipped with through-hole 44 corresponding with axis hole 43, and ambulatory splint 4 is with circle Pin 45 passes through axis hole 43 and corresponding through-hole 44 and slide clamping frame 2 is rotatablely connected, the structure of right ambulatory splint 4 not as Limit, those skilled in the art can introduction according to the present utility model select other suitable structures, such as it is intermediate equipped with axis hole Plate-like structure, arcuate structure or crank structure.

Ambulatory splint 4 and supporting plate 3 are to be correspondingly arranged and form clamp hand with ambulatory splint 4, and the present embodiment is further disclosed Level board 41 and the first plate 31 are to be correspondingly arranged and form clamp hand with the first plate 31, when clamping glass slide, by by level board 41 and first plate 31 be respectively moved to the two sides up and down of glass slide, then again be closed clamp hand, i.e. level board 41 and the first plate 31 It is clamped in the top and bottom of glass slide and clamps glass slide, simultaneously as level board 41 and the first plate 31 are plate-like structure, institute With the clamp hand of the utility model when clamping glass slide, glass slide, which is placed in slide box, can be realized clamping glass slide, simultaneously It also avoids generating movement interference with slide box.

One end of transmission mechanism 5 is connect with one end of ambulatory splint 4, is please referred to shown in Fig. 3, the disclosed transmission of the present embodiment Mechanism 5 includes push rod 51 and shaft coupling 52, and one end of push rod 51 connect with ambulatory splint 4 (vertical plate 42), push rod 51 it is another End is connect with one end of shaft coupling 52, and the other end of shaft coupling 52 is connect with iron core 7, but is not limited thereto, art technology Personnel according to the present utility model can instruct the transmission mechanism 5 for selecting other suitable constructions.

Electromagnetic drive mechanism 6 is set on slide clamping frame 2, please refers to Fig. 2, shown in 3, electromagnetic drive disclosed in the present embodiment Mechanism 6 is arranged in groove 21, but the setting position of electromagnetic drive mechanism 6 is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can be with Electromagnetic drive mechanism 6 is arranged in the suitable position on slide clamping frame 2 according to actual assembled demand.

In a preferred embodiment, it please refers to shown in Fig. 3, electromagnetic drive mechanism 6 includes electromagnet 61 and iron plate 62, electromagnetism Iron 61 is set on slide clamping frame 2, and iron plate 62 is fixedly arranged on iron core 7 and is located at outside electromagnet 61, meeting when electromagnet 61 is powered Magnetism is generated, it is mobile towards electromagnet 61 to attract iron plate 62, but the structure of electromagnetic drive mechanism 6 is not limited thereto, this field skill Art personnel can introduction according to the present utility model select other suitable 6 structures of electromagnetic drive.

In a preferred embodiment, it please refers to shown in Fig. 7, electromagnet 61 is set to slide clamping frame by electromagnet stent 63 It on 2, please refers to shown in Fig. 8, preferred electromagnet stent 63 is L bracket structure, and level board 631 is fixedly mounted by screw In the groove 21 of slide clamping frame 2, vertical plate 632 is equipped with a circular hole 633, and one end of electromagnet 61 passes through circular hole 633 and leads to It crosses nut 64 to be fastened in L bracket structure, but the structure of electromagnet stent 63 is not limited thereto, those skilled in the art can Other suitable supporting structures are selected with introduction according to the present utility model.

Please refer to Fig. 2, shown in 3, iron core 7 is set in electromagnetic drive mechanism 6, and the other end of iron core 7 and transmission mechanism 5 connects It connects, iron plate 62 disclosed in the present embodiment is fixedly arranged on iron core 7 and is located at outside electromagnet 61, one end of iron core 7 and shaft coupling 52 Connection, when electromagnet 61 is powered, electromagnet 61 generates magnetism and attracts iron plate 62 mobile towards electromagnet 61, and iron plate 62 drives iron Core 7 is mobile, and iron core 7 drives push rod 51 mobile by shaft coupling 52, and then ambulatory splint 4 is driven to rotate around straight pin 45, and When iron core 7 is moved to the second position by first position, clamp hand closure；Wherein first position be iron core 7 origin position, second Position is the displacement maximum position of iron core 7.

In a preferred embodiment, referring again to shown in Fig. 2,3, the both ends of iron core 7 pass through electromagnet 61, and iron core 7 one end is connect with shaft coupling 52, and iron plate 62 is fixedly arranged on the other end of iron core 7, but the set-up mode of iron plate 62 and iron core 7 is not As limit.

Spring 8 is set on iron core 7, please refers to Fig. 2, shown in 3, spring 8 disclosed in the present embodiment is sleeved on iron core 7 simultaneously Between iron plate 62 and electromagnet 61, and the both ends of spring 8 are contacted with iron plate 62 and electromagnet 61 respectively, but not with this Be limited, those skilled in the art can introduction according to the present utility model selection spring 8 passed through into other suitable set-up modes Spring 8 is arranged on iron core 7, such as spring 8 is being arranged between electromagnet 61 and split washer by a split washer.

When electromagnetic drive mechanism 6 is powered, electromagnet 61 generates magnetism and attracts iron plate 62 mobile towards electromagnet 61 and compress Spring 8, iron plate 62 is mobile with dynamic iron core 7, and iron core 7 drives push rod 51 mobile by shaft coupling 52, so drive ambulatory splint 4 around Straight pin 45 rotates, and when iron core 7 is moved to the second position by first position, and clamp hand closure, spring 8 is located at compressed-bit It sets.

When electromagnetic drive mechanism 6 powers off, electromagnet 61 loses magnetism, and electromagnet 61 disappears to the attraction of iron plate 62, bullet Spring 8 resets and with the movement of dynamic iron core 7, and iron core 7 drives push rod 51 mobile by shaft coupling 52, and then drives ambulatory splint 4 around circle Pin 45 rotates, and when iron core 7 is moved to first position by the second position, clamp hand opens, and spring 8 is located at reset position.Its Middle compression position is compression,metal-to-metal position of the iron plate 62 to spring 8, and reset position is the origin position of spring 8.

Ambulatory splint 4, transmission mechanism 5 and iron core 7 in the utility model form crank link mechanism, electromagnetic drive mechanism 6 and spring 8 crank and connecting rod movement driven by the movement and reset for driving iron core 7, and then realize clamp hand opening and Closure, the structure of right crank link mechanism are not limited thereto, those skilled in the art's introduction design according to the present utility model Structure similar with the application crank link mechanism driving principle should also be as the protection scope for belonging to the application.

In a preferred embodiment, it please refers to shown in Fig. 1, automatic clamping device 1 further includes plectrum steel wire 11, plectrum steel wire 11 one end are set on slide clamping frame 2, and the other end passes through ambulatory splint 4 and is located in clamp hand, plectrum steel wire disclosed in the present embodiment 11 one end is set on slide clamping frame 2, and is fixed in slide clamping frame 2, plectrum steel by pressing plate 13 and the second screw 14 The other end of silk 11 passes through ambulatory splint 4 and is movably set in clamp hand, but the set-up mode of plectrum steel wire 11 is not limited thereto, Those skilled in the art can introduction according to the present utility model select other suitable set-up modes.Glass is carried when clamp hand clamps One end of piece, slide squeezes plectrum steel wire 11, makes slide steel wire in compressive state, when clamp hand discharges glass slide, plectrum steel wire is in Reset state simultaneously releases glass slide from clamp hand.

In a preferred embodiment, referring again to shown in Fig. 1, automatic clamping device 1 further includes flexible winding displacement 9 and activity Drag chain 10, flexible winding displacement 10 is connect with the leading-out terminal of electromagnet 61, so that the utility model is applied in microscope, it can be aobvious It stretch-can be bent under the drive of the three-shaft linkage feeding mechanism of micro mirror 300,000 times or more, flexible winding displacement 9 is set to activity and drags In chain 10.

In a preferred embodiment, Fig. 2 is please referred to, shown in 3, automatic clamping device 1 further includes sensor 12, preferably light Electric transducer, but be not limited thereto, sensor 12 are set on slide clamping frame 2 and corresponding with iron core 7, and the present embodiment discloses Sensor 12 be arranged 22 in groove, when iron core 7 is located at first position, iron core 7 is located on the outside of sensor 12, and sensor 12 is not Iron core 7 can be sensed, when iron core 7 is located at the second position, iron core 7 enters sensor 12, and sensor 12 senses iron core 7, in turn The opening and closing that iron core 7 judges clamp hand can be sensed by sensor 12.

In a preferred embodiment, automatic clamping device 1 further includes heat-conducting glue, and heat-conducting glue, which applies, is set to electromagnetic drive mechanism 6 On, heat dissipation and electromagnetic shielding of the heat-conducting glue for electromagnetic mechanism, but be not limited thereto, those skilled in the art can be according to this The introduction of utility model select other suitably radiate and electromagnetic shielding material painting be located on electromagnetic drive mechanism 6.

Several preferred embodiments of the utility model have shown and described in above description, but as previously described, it should be understood that The utility model is not limited to forms disclosed herein, and is not to be taken as the exclusion to other embodiments, and can be used for Other combinations, modifications, and environments, and above-mentioned introduction or correlation can be passed through within the scope of the inventive concept described herein The technology or knowledge in field are modified.And changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art do not depart from the spirit of the utility model And range, then it all should be in the protection scope of the appended claims for the utility model.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of automatic clamping device, for clamping glass slide, which is characterized in that the automatic clamping device includes:

Slide clamping frame；

Supporting plate is set on the slide clamping frame；

Ambulatory splint is flexibly connected with the slide clamping frame, and the ambulatory splint is with the connection position of itself and the slide clamping frame It is set to shaft rotation, the ambulatory splint and the supporting plate are to be correspondingly arranged and form clamp hand, the folder with the ambulatory splint Hand is for clamping the glass slide；

Transmission mechanism, one end are connect with one end of the ambulatory splint；

Electromagnetic drive mechanism is set on the slide clamping frame；

Iron core is set in the electromagnetic drive mechanism, and the iron core is connect with the other end of the transmission mechanism, when the electricity Magnetic driving mechanism is powered, and the electromagnetic drive mechanism drives the iron core to be moved to the second position, the iron core by first position The ambulatory splint rotation is driven to be closed the clamp hand by the transmission mechanism；And

Spring is set on the iron core, and when the electromagnetic drive mechanism is powered, the electromagnetic drive mechanism drives the iron core It moves and compresses the spring, and when the iron core is moved to the second position, the spring is located at compression position；When the electricity The power-off of Magnetic driving mechanism, the spring reset simultaneously drive the iron core to be moved to the first position, institute by the second position It states spring and is located at reset position, the iron core drives the ambulatory splint rotation to make the clamp hand by the transmission mechanism It opens；

Wherein, when the electromagnetic drive mechanism is powered, the iron core is located at the second position, and the spring is located at compressed-bit It sets, the clamp hand closure；When the electromagnetic drive mechanism powers off, the iron core is located at the first position, and the spring is located at Reset position, the clamp hand open.

2. automatic clamping device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the automatic clamping device further includes plectrum steel Silk, one end are set on the slide clamping frame, and the other end passes through the ambulatory splint and is located in the clamp hand, when the clamp hand presss from both sides The glass slide is taken, the plectrum steel wire is in compressive state, and when the clamp hand discharges the glass slide, the plectrum steel wire is in multiple Position state simultaneously releases the glass slide from the clamp hand.

3. automatic clamping device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the supporting plate is set to the slide clamping frame End and the lower end for being located at the slide clamping frame, the supporting plate are fixedly arranged on the slide clamping frame by screw.

4. automatic clamping device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the automatic clamping device further includes cylinder Pin, the ambulatory splint are the L shaped plate being made of a level board and vertical plate, and the lower end of the vertical plate is equipped with axis hole, described Slide clamping frame is equipped with through-hole corresponding with the axis hole, and the ambulatory splint passes through the axis hole and correspondence with the straight pin The through-hole and the slide clamping frame be rotatablely connected.

5. automatic clamping device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the transmission mechanism further includes push rod and shaft coupling Device, one end of the push rod are connect with the ambulatory splint, and the other end of the push rod is connect with one end of the shaft coupling, institute The other end for stating shaft coupling is connect with the iron core.

6. automatic clamping device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the electromagnetic drive mechanism further includes electromagnet And iron plate, the electromagnet are set on the slide clamping frame, the iron plate is fixedly arranged on the iron core and is located at the electromagnetism Outside iron, the spring is set on the iron core and between the iron plate and the electromagnet, when the electromagnetic drive Mechanism is powered, and the electromagnet generates magnetism, and the electromagnet attracts the iron plate mobile towards the electromagnet, the iron plate band It moves the iron core to be moved to the second position by the first position and compress the spring, when the electromagnetic drive mechanism is disconnected Electricity, the electromagnet lose magnetism, and the spring reset simultaneously drives the iron core to be moved by the second position by the iron plate It moves to the first position.

7. automatic clamping device according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the automatic clamping device further includes electromagnet Bracket, the electromagnet stent are L bracket structure, and the electromagnet stent is fixedly arranged on the slide clamping frame, the electromagnetism Iron is fixedly arranged on the slide clamping frame.

8. automatic clamping device according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the automatic clamping device further includes flexible row Line and movable drag chain, the flexibility winding displacement are connect with the leading-out terminal of the electromagnet, and the flexibility winding displacement is set to the activity In drag chain.

9. automatic clamping device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the automatic clamping device further includes sensing Device is set to the position on the slide clamping frame and corresponding with the iron core, the sensor passes through the sensing iron core Judge the opening and closing of the clamp hand.

10. automatic clamping device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the automatic clamping device further includes thermally conductive Glue is applied and is set on the electromagnetic drive mechanism, and the heat-conducting glue is used for heat dissipation and electromagnetic shielding on the electromagnetic drive mechanism.