CN209030440U - A kind of device for realizing vector sensor calibration using Helmholtz silencer - Google Patents
A kind of device for realizing vector sensor calibration using Helmholtz silencer Download PDFInfo
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- CN209030440U CN209030440U CN201822070594.XU CN201822070594U CN209030440U CN 209030440 U CN209030440 U CN 209030440U CN 201822070594 U CN201822070594 U CN 201822070594U CN 209030440 U CN209030440 U CN 209030440U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a kind of device that vector sensor calibration is realized using Helmholtz silencer.The calibrating installation includes cabinet, sound source, Helmholtz silencer and vector sensor to be calibrated；Cabinet is enclosed cavity structure；Heimholtz resonator and cabinet connection；The sound wave that sound source issues, which enters in cabinet, successively propagates to vector sensor and heimholtz resonator to be calibrated.The characteristic of Helmholtz silencer is utilized in the calibrating installation of the utility model, so that the boundary of Acoustic Wave Propagation has perfect entrant sound effect, the calibration to vector sensor may be implemented, without additionally using scalar sensors, vector sensor calibration actual load is simplified from structure and is set.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to sensor fields more particularly to a kind of utilization Helmholtz silencer to realize vector sensor
The device of calibration.
Background technique
Sensor is commonly called as microphone, is a kind of device for converting acoustic signals into electric signal.Traditional microphone is according to work
It is divided into moving-coil type, condenser type, electret-type, aluminium band type etc. as principle.By taking dynamic microphones as an example, diaphragm is rushed by voice signal
It hits, band moving winding moves in magnetic field generates electric current output.Scalar in measurement sound field is only used for for traditional sensor
Parameter, such as acoustic pressure；And vector sensor is to obtain sound field information by detection particle vibration velocity, had both low frequency sensitivity it is high,
Size is small, can more preferably inhibit the advantage of ambient noise.
Sensitivity is when being acted on diaphragm by a unit sound pressure as the important technology index for measuring microphone, definition,
When output end is opened a way output voltage number indicate, unit mV/Pa.Sensor is as a kind of receiving device, meeting when measurement
It is influenced by temperature humidity in environment, therefore before the use, generally requires to calibrate sensor.Such as: if sensor
Normal sensibility is 50mV/Pa, and calibration experiments test display is 60mV/Pa, then needs a calibration factor α, and numerical value is standard spirit
The ratio between sensitivity value and actual test value.
For the acoustic pressure in traditional scalar sensors measurement sound field, acoustic pressure is scalar, and calibrating mode is also fairly simple, only
Scalar sensors need to be placed in a closed sound field space；And for vector sensor, due to needing to test particle vibration
Speed, vibration velocity are vectors, if encountering bounds during acoustic propagation, boundary acoustic pressure is maximum, and particle vibration velocity is minimum, even
Zero, vector sensor can not thus be calibrated.Therefore, the calibration method of scalar sensors is no longer desirable for vector sensing
The calibration of device.
Existing vector sensor calibration method mainly has: near field calibration, spherula calibration, monopole and dipole school
Standard, array calibration, standing wave tube calibration, vibration machines calibration etc..By taking standing wave tube is calibrated as an example, apparatus structure includes cabinet, sound source, ginseng
Scalar sensors and vector sensor to be calibrated are examined, sound source is placed in one end of cabinet, and scalar sensors are placed in opposite with sound source
The other end.The particle vibration velocity u of vector sensorprobeWith the acoustic pressure P of scalar sensorsrefBetween relational expression beWherein ρ is density, and c is the velocity of sound in medium, and k is wave number, and l is the overall length of standing wave tube
Degree, x are vector sensor at a distance from sound source, therefore can be according to the numerical value calibration vector sensor of reference sensor.But this
A little vector sensor calibration methods all rely on scalar sensors.
Summary of the invention
For the above problems of the prior art, the utility model provides a kind of utilization Helmholtz silencer realization
The device of vector sensor calibration.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the utility model is as follows:
A kind of device for realizing vector sensor calibration using Helmholtz silencer, including cabinet, sound source, Helmholtz
Silencer and vector sensor to be calibrated；The cabinet is enclosed cavity structure；The heimholtz resonator and case
Body connection；The sound wave that the sound source issues, which enters in cabinet, successively propagates to vector sensor and Helmholtz sympathetic response to be calibrated
Device.
Further, the heimholtz resonator includes short tube and cavity, and cavity passes through the sky of short tube and the cabinet
Cavity configuration connection.
Further, the shape of the cabinet is polyhedron, cylindrical body, sphere or spheroid.
Further, the sound source is loudspeaker.
Further, the vector sensor to be calibrated is arranged on the side wall of the box body, and probes into the cavity knot of cabinet
In structure.
Further, the vector sensor to be calibrated is placed in the medium position of cabinet or the position far from sound source.
Further, the Helmholtz sympathetic response is placed in the medium position of cabinet or the position far from sound source.
When sound wave is propagated in pipe, if collateral branch is a heimholtz resonator, when acoustic resonator resonance, transmission coefficient is equal to
Zero, i.e. filter action has played in collateral branch, this is the principle of resonator muffler.He Mu is utilized in the calibrating installation of the utility model
Hereby this characteristic of silencer suddenly realizes the calibration to vector sensor, without additionally using scalar sensors, from structure
Vector sensor calibration actual load is simplified to set.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the apparatus structure schematic diagram calibrated for traditional scalar sensors.
Fig. 2 be calibrating installation use bounds when for 1Pa sound source emulated as a result, (a) is the acoustic pressure in sound field
Distribution is (b) distribution of particle vibration velocity.
Fig. 3 is the apparatus structure schematic diagram that the utility model is used for vector sensor calibration.
Fig. 4 is the resonant frequency simulation result of heimholtz resonator in the utility model embodiment.
Fig. 5 be calibrating installation using after Helmholtz silencer for 1Pa sound source emulated as a result, (a) is sound field
In acoustic pressure distribution, (b) be particle vibration velocity distribution.
Specific embodiment
The utility model is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments.
Apparatus structure for the calibration of traditional scalar sensors is as shown in Figure 1, include cabinet 1, sound source 2 and mark to be calibrated
Quantity sensor 3.Wherein, cabinet 1 include closed cavity cavity, structure can be cuboid, square, cylinder, sphere or
Person's other shapes.Sound source 2 uses loudspeaker, is placed on the left side of cabinet 1, the loudspeaker place of speaking is insinuated into cabinet 1.Mark to be calibrated
Quantity sensor 3 is placed in the top of cabinet 1, positioned at middle part or far from the position of sound source 2, and is insinuated into cabinet 1.Cabinet 1
Size should be greater than the size of loudspeaker and sensor.Furthermore consider portability, the size of cabinet 1 answer it is the smaller the better, with diameter 3cm
Loudspeaker, need the sensor calibrated to be 1/2 inch mic for, the size of cabinet 1 may be designed as the pros of length, width and height 4cm
Body.
The material of cabinet 1 can be the characteristic impedances such as aluminium, steel greater than air or the material of water, such as: when mark to be calibrated
When quantity sensor 3 is air borne sensor, then the inside and outside of cabinet 1 is air, and cabinet 1 is greater than air using characteristic impedance
Characteristic impedance 415Ns/m3) material；When scalar sensors 3 to be calibrated are hydrophone, then the inside of cabinet 1 and outer
Portion is water, and cabinet 1 is greater than the characteristic impedance (1.48e6Ns/m of water using characteristic impedance3) material.It is solid under normal circumstances
The characteristic impedance of body material is bigger, so the boundary 4 of Acoustic Wave Propagation is considered as bounds.
By taking sensor application in water as an example, the result emulated when Fig. 2 is bounds for 1Pa sound source is (such as without special
Illustrate, below emulation in sound source in left side), emulation setting in by cavity carry out two-dimensional structure simplify, Fig. 2 (a) is in sound field
Acoustic pressure distribution, Fig. 2 (b) is the distribution of particle vibration velocity, transverse and longitudinal sit be cavity plane size marking, what color showed in figure is chamber
Sound field acoustic pressure is distributed in body structure.As can be seen that in 2Pa, traditional scalar sensors measure is acoustic pressure numerical value since sound wave reflects
Acoustic pressure, then the device of Fig. 1 can be used for scalar sensors calibration；And particle vibration velocity rapidly reduces in boundary, it, cannot close to zero
Carry out the calibration of vector sensor.
Sound wave travels to during medium 2 from medium 1 encounters interface, if incident sound pressure is pi=piaej(wt-kx), wherein
piaFor incident sound pressure amplitude, w is vibration circular frequency, and k is wave number, and back wave acoustic pressure is pr=praej(wt+kx), wherein praFor reflection
Sound pressure amplitude, then the sound particle vibration velocity of incidence wave beThe sound particle vibration velocity of back wave
It isIt is continuous in conjunction with boundary acoustic pressure, normal velocity is continuous, available anti-
The ratio between ejected wave acoustic pressure and incidence wave acoustic pressure areBack wave particle velocity and incidence wave particle velocity it
ThanWherein ρ1c1For the characteristic impedance of medium 1, ρ2c2For the characteristic impedance of medium 2.If ρ1c1< <2c2That is bounds, at this time rp=1, rv=-1；If ρ1c1=ρ2c2, r at this timep=0, rv=0.
Therefore, the sound wave of sound source 2 is in communication process, if encountering bounds, back wave acoustic pressure and the same phase of incidence wave acoustic pressure
Position, and back wave particle vibration velocity with 180 ° of phase difference of incidence wave particle vibration velocity phase.If very hard boundary, back wave particle
Vibration velocity and incidence wave particle vibration velocity are equal in magnitude, and opposite in phase, composite particle vibration velocity is zero on interface.Vector sensor is surveyed
Particle vibration velocity is tried, vibration velocity is zero at this time, can not be calibrated, it is therefore desirable to boundary is arranged to entrant sound effect, at this time sound wave
Continue to propagate, vector sensor can be calibrated.
Based on the above analysis, Acoustic Wave Propagation direction is arranged a heimholtz resonator 6 and is used as collateral branch by the present embodiment, specifically
Apparatus structure is as shown in Figure 3.Cabinet 1 uses cuboid, and heimholtz resonator 6 is placed in the top of cabinet 1, vector to be calibrated
Sensor 5 is placed in the lower section of cabinet 1, and certainly, heimholtz resonator 6 and vector sensor 5 to be calibrated can also be located at together
Side.Vector sensor 5 to be calibrated is located at middle part or the position far from sound source 2, and is insinuated into cabinet 1.Helmholtz
Acoustic resonator 6 is located at vector sensor 5 along the rear in Acoustic Wave Propagation direction.Heimholtz resonator 6 includes short tube 7 and cavity 8, short
The sectional area of pipe 7 is that (radius a), length l, volume are that the cavity 7 of V passes through the cavity connection of short tube 7 and cabinet 1 to S.He Mu
Hereby it is necessary to meet following condition for acoustic resonator 6 suddenly: (1) dimension of acoustic resonator be much smaller than wave length of sound, i.e. a, l,(2) short
The volume of pipe 7 is much smaller than the volume of cavity 8, i.e. S < < V；(3) wall of cavity 8 is rigid.The tool of heimholtz resonator 6
The frequency of sound wave setting that body size design can be paid close attention to as needed.
Fig. 4 is the resonant frequency simulation result of the heimholtz resonator of the present embodiment, the two-dimensional structure of emulation, cabinet
Having a size of 5cm*10cm, short tube 1mm*5mm, cavity 20mm*20mm, its resonant frequency is about 4463Hz under current design size.
Fig. 5 is using the result emulated for 1Pa sound source after heimholtz resonator (due to current acoustic resonator size
Low-resonance frequency is 4463Hz, and frequency of source point is selected in 4463Hz), Fig. 5 (a) is the acoustic pressure distribution in sound field, sound in cabinet
Pressure is 2Pa, and Fig. 5 (b) is the distribution of particle vibration velocity.Vector sensor 5 can be insinuated into cavity by particle vibration velocity distributing equilibrium at this time
It is calibrated.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of device for realizing vector sensor calibration using Helmholtz silencer, which is characterized in that including cabinet, sound
Source, Helmholtz silencer and vector sensor to be calibrated；The cabinet is enclosed cavity structure；The Helmholtz
Acoustic resonator and cabinet connection；The sound wave that the sound source issues, which enters in cabinet, successively propagates to vector sensor to be calibrated and conspicuous
Mu Huozi acoustic resonator.
2. a kind of device for realizing vector sensor calibration using Helmholtz silencer according to claim 1, described
Heimholtz resonator includes short tube and cavity, and cavity passes through the cavity structure connection of short tube and the cabinet.
3. a kind of device for realizing vector sensor calibration using Helmholtz silencer according to claim 1, special
Sign is that the shape of the cabinet is polyhedron, cylindrical body, sphere or spheroid.
4. a kind of device for realizing vector sensor calibration using Helmholtz silencer according to claim 1, special
Sign is that the sound source is loudspeaker.
5. a kind of device for realizing vector sensor calibration using Helmholtz silencer according to claim 1, special
Sign is that the vector sensor setting to be calibrated on the side wall of the box body, and probes into the cavity structure of cabinet.
6. a kind of device for realizing vector sensor calibration using Helmholtz silencer according to claim 5, special
Sign is that the vector sensor to be calibrated is placed in the medium position of cabinet or the position far from sound source.
7. a kind of device for realizing vector sensor calibration using Helmholtz silencer according to claim 6, special
Sign is that the Helmholtz sympathetic response is placed in the medium position of cabinet or the position far from sound source.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109413559A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2019-03-01 | 南京粒子声学科技有限公司 | A kind of device for realizing vector sensor calibration using Helmholtz silencer |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109413559A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2019-03-01 | 南京粒子声学科技有限公司 | A kind of device for realizing vector sensor calibration using Helmholtz silencer |
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