CN108417127A - A kind of super clever surface experimental provision of acoustics - Google Patents
A kind of super clever surface experimental provision of acoustics Download PDFInfo
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- CN108417127A CN108417127A CN201810165512.1A CN201810165512A CN108417127A CN 108417127 A CN108417127 A CN 108417127A CN 201810165512 A CN201810165512 A CN 201810165512A CN 108417127 A CN108417127 A CN 108417127A
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- G09B23/06—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of super clever surface experimental provisions of acoustics, including sequentially connected sound source excitation module, super clever surface module and detection and noise reduction module, noise reduction module is connected with microphone, after sound wave is by the aggregation by super clever surface module after sound source excitation module generation, sound pressure signal is handled by microphone.A kind of experimental provision for the super clever surface of acoustics provided by the present invention, it is simple in structure, it is convenient to mount and dismount, loud speaker output band is wider, can meet the frequency requirement of different sound waves, and sound-source signal type is variable.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the super clever field of surface technology of acoustics, and in particular to a kind of super clever surface experimental provision of acoustics.
Background technology
Sound wave is a kind of mechanical wave, is usually expressed as longitudinal wave, and it is the transmission of energy in the medium to propagate essence.With section
The progress of skill, acoustics are explored under water, subsurface investigation, and biomedical, the fields such as military weapon all obtained important application, at this
Effective control, the raising of efficiency of transmission of wave surface are vital during a.
The super clever surface occurred in recent years produces significant impact to acoustics and electromagnetic wave field.Super clever surface possesses naturally
Property not available for material, compared to traditional acoustic control technology, such as phased array, parametric array, super clever surface is by special
The permutation and combination of structure just can realize effective control effect.
But super clever surface also faces many problems, and transmission belt width is complicated to be difficult to convert, and sound wave controlled form has
Limit, simulation result and reality are not inconsistent etc..In order to which this emerging technology maturation is steadily applied in sound wave controlled,
The features such as researching and analysing to super clever surface material object, demarcate its frequency characteristic, impedance operator is most important.
Invention content
Present invention aim to address the above problems, provide a kind of experimental provision for the super clever surface of acoustics, can measure
Sound wave wave surface operating function of specific super clever surface under the conditions of plane wave, spherical wave equal excitation, frequency feature, impedance feature
The super clever surface experimental provision of acoustics.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme is that:A kind of super clever surface experimental provision of acoustics, including according to
Sound source excitation module, super clever surface module and the detection of secondary connection and noise reduction module, noise reduction module are connected with microphone, and sound wave is logical
After crossing the aggregation after sound source excitation module generates by super clever surface module, sound pressure signal is handled by microphone.
Preferably, the sound source excitation module includes plane wave duct, loud speaker the cover, horn cover, loudspeaker cover stent, raises one's voice
Device bearing chassis, the short holder of loud speaker and loud speaker, loud speaker the cover are connected with plane wave duct by bolt, horn cover with raise one's voice
Inside device the cover by loudspeaker cover stent be connected, loud speaker bearing chassis with pass through the short holder phase of loud speaker inside loud speaker the cover
Even, loud speaker is connected by bolt with loud speaker the cover with horn cover, and speaker enclosure, which covers, is additionally provided with wire hole, and power cord passes through
Wire hole is electrically connected with loud speaker;Plane wave duct is equipped with sound insulating member and weldering holder, and sound insulating member is used to carry out extra sound
Noise reduction is handled, and weldering holder is used to support plane wave duct.
Preferably, the noise reduction module includes focusing board, microphone socket and silencing cavity device, and focusing board includes focusing board
Top and focusing board lower part, focusing board top and focusing board lower part are bolted as rectangular parallelepiped structure, and focusing board top is set
There are mounting hole, microphone socket to be mounted in the mounting hole on focusing board top;Silencing cavity device include silencing cavity anterior device and
Silencing cavity posterior means, silencing cavity anterior device and silencing cavity posterior means are bolted, silencing cavity anterior device with it is poly-
Burnt plate is connected by bolt, and silencing cavity posterior means are cavity body structure, and silencing cavity posterior means are internally provided with quieter material.
Preferably, the super clever surface module includes the super clever surface mount board of arrangement symmetrical above and below, super clever surface cell
And supporting rack, crack is formed between super clever surface cell up and down, super clever surface cell passes through crack position and arrangement symmetrical above and below
Super clever surface mount board is connected, and super clever surface mount board is connected with supporting rack, and supporting rack is used to support super clever surface mount board.
Preferably, the cross section of the super clever surface mount board is arch disk-like structure, and super clever surface mount board is equipped with
Groove, super clever surface cell are connected by groove with super clever surface mount board;Super clever surface mount board be equipped with arch column chamber and
Mounting hole, arch column intracavitary portion are filled with silencing cotton, and super clever surface mount board is connected by mounting hole with plane wave duct.
Preferably, the super clever surface cell includes super clever surface substrate, super clever surface cap and super clever surface fastener,
Super clever surface substrate concave surface forms groove, and super clever surface cap is positioned in the groove of super clever surface substrate;Super clever surface
The groove of substrate is equipped with cylindrical cavity counterbore, and super clever surface cap is equipped with super clever surface cap pore, and super clever surface cap is thin
Hole is corresponding with cylindrical cavity counterbore;Super clever surface substrate and super clever surface cap are fixed and are connected by screw by super clever surface fastener
It connects.
Preferably, the quantity of the cylindrical cavity counterbore is four, and cylindrical cavity counterbore is linearly arranged in super clever surface substrate
In groove.
Preferably, super clever surface fixture block is connected on support frame as described above, super clever surface fixture block is logical with super clever surface mount board
Screw is crossed to be connected.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1, a kind of experimental provision for the super clever surface of acoustics provided by the present invention, it is simple in structure, it is convenient to mount and dismount, raises one's voice
Device output band is wider, can meet the frequency requirement of different sound waves, and sound-source signal type is variable.
2, it can be detected by sensor birefringence sound wave situation, and according to collected sound pressure signal or the sound of generation
Pressure cloud atlas analyzes sound wave Penetration ration, specific acoustic impedance, refraction effect, and the present invention is to verify the property of novel super clever surface apparatus
Experiment porch can be provided.
It 3, can be according to different requirement of experiment (such as studying control effect of the super clever surface to cylindrical wave, spherical wave) more
Change plane wave duct, loud speaker, super clever surface, etc. accessories or parameter, study different condition under super clever surface effect, expansion it is super clever
The application range on surface.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention one;
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of one sound source of embodiment of the present invention excitation module;
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of one super clever surface module of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of one super clever surface mount board of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is sectional views of the Fig. 4 of the present invention on the directions A-A;
Fig. 6 is the half section structure diagram of Fig. 3 of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is sectional views of the Fig. 6 of the present invention on the directions B-B;
Fig. 8 is that one super clever surface module carries out the schematic diagram of sound wave convergence to the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the structural schematic diagram of one noise reduction unit of the embodiment of the present invention.
Reference sign:1, sound source encourages module;2, super clever surface module;3, detection and noise reduction module;10, plane wave
Pipe;11, loud speaker the cover;12, horn cover;13, loudspeaker cover stent;14, loud speaker bearing chassis;15, the short holder of loud speaker;
16, sound insulating member;17, holder is welded;20, super clever surface mount board;21, super clever surface cell;22, supporting rack;23, arch column chamber;
24, mounting hole;25, super clever surface substrate;26, super clever surface cap;27, super clever surface fastener;28, cylindrical cavity counterbore;29、
Super clever surface cap pore;201, super clever surface fixture block;202, fishbolt;203, silencing cotton;31, focusing board;32, microphone
Socket;33, silencing cavity device;34, focusing board top;35, focusing board lower part;36, silencing cavity anterior device;37, after silencing cavity
Part device.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is described further in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments:
Embodiment one
As shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 9, a kind of super clever surface experimental provision of acoustics provided by the invention, including sequentially connected sound
Source forcing module 1, super clever surface module 2 and detection and noise reduction module 3, noise reduction module 3 are connected with microphone, and sound wave passes through sound source
After aggregation after encouraging module 1 to generate by super clever surface module 2, sound pressure signal is handled by microphone.
It includes plane wave duct 10, loud speaker the cover 11, horn cover 12, loudspeaker cover stent 13, loud speaker that sound source, which encourages module 1,
The short holder 15 of bearing chassis 14, loud speaker and loud speaker, loud speaker the cover 11 are connected with plane wave duct 10 by bolt, horn cover
12 are connected with inside loud speaker the cover 11 by loudspeaker cover stent 13, and loud speaker bearing chassis 14 and 11 inside of loud speaker the cover are logical
It crosses the short holder 15 of loud speaker to be connected, loud speaker is connected by bolt with loud speaker the cover 11 with horn cover 12, loud speaker the cover 11
On be additionally provided with wire hole, power cord is electrically connected across wire hole with loud speaker;Plane wave duct 10 is equipped with sound insulating member 16 and weldering branch
Frame 17, sound insulating member 16 are used to extra sound carrying out noise reduction processing, and weldering holder 17 is used to support plane wave duct.
Noise reduction module 3 includes focusing board 31, microphone socket 32 and silencing cavity device 33, and focusing board 31 is cuboid knot
Structure, focusing board 31 are connected with super clever surface module 2.Focusing board 31 includes focusing board top 34 and focusing board lower part 35, focusing board
Top 34 and focusing board lower part 35 are bolted as rectangular parallelepiped structure, and the quantity of microphone socket 32 is in the present embodiment
24, focusing board top 34 is equipped with mounting hole, and microphone socket 32 is mounted in the mounting hole on focusing board top 34.Noise reduction
Chamber device 33 includes silencing cavity anterior device 36 and silencing cavity posterior means 37, and silencing cavity anterior device 36 and silencing cavity rear portion fill
It sets 37 to be bolted, silencing cavity anterior device 36 is connected with focusing board 31 by bolt, and silencing cavity posterior means 37 are chamber
Body structure, silencing cavity posterior means 37 are internally provided with quieter material.
Super clever surface module 2 includes the super clever surface mount board 20, super clever surface cell 21 and support of arrangement symmetrical above and below
Frame 22 forms crack between super clever surface cell 21 up and down, silencing cotton 203 is equipped in crack.Super clever surface cell 21 passes through
Crack position is connected with the super clever surface mount board 20 of arrangement symmetrical above and below, and super clever surface mount board 20 is connected with supporting rack 22, branch
Support 22 is used to support super clever surface mount board 20.Gap is formed between the mounting plate 20 of arrangement symmetrical above and below, focusing board 31
One end is located in gap.
The cross section of super clever surface mount board 20 is arch disk-like structure, and super clever surface mount board 20 is equipped with groove, surpasses
Clever surface cell 21 is connected by groove with super clever surface mount board 20;Super clever surface mount board 20 is equipped with 23 He of arch column chamber
Mounting hole 24,23 inside of arch column chamber are filled with silencing cotton 203, and super clever surface mount board 20 passes through mounting hole 24 and plane wave duct
It is connected.
Super clever surface mount board 20 can flexibly be combined by mounting hole 24 with other devices, can be with plane wave
Pipe, the connection of sensing detection module constitute frequency, impedance and more spies that complete experimental facilities is used for probing into super clever surface
Property.
Super clever surface cell 21 includes super clever surface substrate 25, super clever surface cap 26 and super clever surface fastener 27, is surpassed
25 concave surface of clever surface substrate forms groove, and super clever surface cap 26 is positioned in the groove of super clever surface substrate 25;It is super clever
The groove of surface substrate 25 is equipped with cylindrical cavity counterbore 28, and super clever surface cap 26 is equipped with super clever surface cap pore 29, surpasses
Clever surface cap pore 29 is corresponding with cylindrical cavity counterbore 28;Super clever surface fastener 27 is by screw by super 25 He of clever surface substrate
Super clever surface cap 26 is fixedly connected.The quantity of cylindrical cavity counterbore 28 is four, and cylindrical cavity counterbore 28 is linearly arranged in super clever table
In the groove of face substrate 25.
In the present embodiment, what multiple super clever surface cells 21 were spaced is arranged between super clever surface mount board 20.It is adjacent
Gap between super clever surface cell 21 is single seam, and single slit width degree by changing adjacent super clever surface cell 21 can be realized not
Same phase gradient distribution, to realize the sound wave manipulation at different refraction angles, moreover it is possible to which the sound wave wave surface manipulation of realization has flat
Surface wave anomalous refraction, salt free ligands Bezier wave beam, sound wave convergence etc..
Super clever surface cell 21 is connected with super clever surface mount board 20 by the fishbolt 202 arranged up and down, and spiral shell is clamped
Bolt 202 is used to adjust position of the super clever surface cell 21 among super clever surface mount board 20.It in the present embodiment, can be according to setting
Meter needs that position of the super clever surface cell 21 among super clever surface mount board 20 is adjusted, to reach best use effect
Fruit and requirement.
Super clever surface fixture block 201 is connected on supporting rack 22, super clever surface fixture block 201 passes through with super clever surface mount board 20
Screw is connected.
Working process and principle of the invention are:
Frequency of sound wave is determined first and wants the sound wave realized and manipulates form, so that it is determined that super clever surface cell 21 is put
Seated position, detailed process are as follows:
Present invention employs the anomalous refractions that helmholtz resonance chamber (Helmholtz resonator, HR) realizes sound wave.
The super clever surface cell 21 that Fig. 4 is shown is made of the HR of array, and dimensional structure is shown in Fig. 5.The equivalent volume modulus of the unit
It is represented by:
In formula,It is the bulk modulus of air, F=ab/Ld is the area ratio of HR cavitys and single seam part, ω0It is
The resonant frequency of HR, Γ are the intrinsic losses of HR.Equation (1) indicates that the unit 21 on super clever surface has 2 characteristic frequenciesWithWhereinIt is the acoustic capacitance for characterizing HR cavity spring effects, MHR=
ρ0heff/ l is and the acoustic mass corresponding to the air quality in HR throats, heffIt is the effective length of throat.In ω0< ω <
ωnFrequency range in, the real part of effective bulk modulus is negative value.According to Acoustic Wave-equation and Newton's law it is found that HR
In the presence of not interfering with effective mass.Therefore, effective sound velocity can be expressed asThe wave vector of super clever surface cell 21
Amount can be expressed asIn ω0< ω < ωnFrequency range in, wave vector is imaginary number, and sound wave is fast in the directions x
Speed decaying, cannot pass through super clever surface.In other frequency ranges such as ω < ω0, ω > ωn, wave vector is real number, and sound wave can be very
Super clever surface is passed through well.Ignore intrinsic loss, the inverse of the effective sound velocity in super clever surface cell 21 can be write as:
Equation (2) is pointed out:(i) as frequency is from ω00 is decayed to, effective sound velocity increases to from 0The value
Less than the velocity of sound c in air0.(ii) in ω > ωnFrequency range in, with the increase of frequency, effective sound velocity subtracts from infinity
Less to 0.(iii) velocity of sound is influenced by the area ratio F of HR cavitys and single seam part.For being less than ω0Frequency, effective sound velocity value with
F is inversely proportional.Single slit width degree is suitably chosen, the value of F can also change simultaneously, and there are inverse relations between d and F.Therefore, when
Frequencies omega < ω0When, by changing single slit width degree, we can be easily obtained ideal sound velocity gradient.
Sound wave passes through after super clever surface, it may appear that acoustic phase non-continuous event.Usually, arbitrary wave surface operates all
It can be instructed by broad sense Snell's law.Transmission sound wave across the super clever surface of acoustics can write following formula:
In formula, θt(y), θi(y) it is respectively refraction angle and incidence angle.Φ (y) is phase factor, k0=ω/c0For in air
Wave vector.It was found that the gradient by changing phase factor, incident acoustic wave can be reflected arbitrarily.When there are one at me
Plane wave in interested frequency range along super clever surface normal incidence (i.e. θi(y)=0), single by choosing super clever surface
Single slit width degree of member 21, can obtain gradient distribution slows down the velocity of sound.Phase gradient can be writeWherein c (y) is the speed along the super directions clever surface y.Bring phase gradient into equation
(3), refraction angle can write:
Equation (4) shows that refraction angle is directly determined by the gradient of 1/c (y).Therefore, by adjusting speed inverse gradient terms,
The manipulation of arbitrary wave surface may be implemented, i.e.,:
By taking sound wave converges as an example, calculating the required single slit width degree of realization sound wave wave surface manipulation, steps are as follows.Fig. 6 is illustrated
Sound wave converges concept principle figure, and incident plane wave is converged to focus (x by designed super clever surface energy0, 0) on, refraction angle
Sine value can write:
Then equation can be written as along the distribution of the speed inverse in the directions y:
X in formula0For the abscissa of focus, there is minimum speed c (0)=c in super clever surface midpointmin(0).In super clever table
There is maximum speed in face edgeBring speed inverse into equation (2), you can counter to solve single slit width degree d.
After the single slit width degree for solving excess of export grain husk surface cell 21, super clever surface cell is accurately placed with vernier caliper
21, it is used in combination fishbolt 202 to fix its position, is installed with super clever surface in the half moon groove of super clever surface mount board 20
Place silencing cotton 23 in groove both sides on plate 20, it is ensured that sound wave can only be transferred to environment from super clever surface, and will not be in super clever table
It is reflected on the mounting plate of face, influences super clever surface effect.
Embodiment two
Compared with embodiment one, the present embodiment is fitted without plane wave duct 10, directly by loud speaker the cover 11 and super clever table
Face mould block 2 is connected, and as point sound source encourages at this time.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the embodiments described herein, which is to help reader, understands this hair
Bright principle, it should be understood that protection scope of the present invention is not limited to such specific embodiments and embodiments.This field
Those of ordinary skill can make according to the technical disclosures disclosed by the invention various does not depart from the other each of essence of the invention
The specific variations and combinations of kind, these variations and combinations are still within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of super clever surface experimental provision of acoustics, it is characterised in that:Including sequentially connected sound source excitation module (1), super clever
Surface module (2) and detection and noise reduction module (3), noise reduction module (3) are connected with microphone, and sound wave encourages module by sound source
(1) after the aggregation after generating by super clever surface module (2), sound pressure signal is handled by microphone.
2. the super clever surface experimental provision of a kind of acoustics according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The sound source encourages module
(1) include plane wave duct (10), loud speaker the cover (11), horn cover (12), loudspeaker cover stent (13), loud speaker bearing chassis
(14), the short holder of loud speaker (15) and loud speaker, loud speaker the cover (11) are connected with plane wave duct (10) by bolt, horn cover
(12) it is connected by loudspeaker cover stent (13) with loud speaker the cover (11) inside, loud speaker bearing chassis (14) and loud speaker the cover
(11) internal to be connected by the short holder of loud speaker (15), loud speaker passes through bolt and loud speaker the cover (11) phase with horn cover (12)
Even, it is additionally provided with wire hole in loud speaker the cover (11), power cord is electrically connected across wire hole with loud speaker;On plane wave duct (10)
Equipped with sound insulating member (16) and weldering holder (17), sound insulating member (16) is used to extra sound carrying out noise reduction processing, weldering holder (17)
It is used to support plane wave duct.
3. the super clever surface experimental provision of a kind of acoustics according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The noise reduction module (3)
Including focusing board (31), microphone socket (32) and silencing cavity device (33), focusing board (31) include focusing board top (34) and
Focusing board lower part (35), focusing board top (34) and focusing board lower part (35) are bolted as rectangular parallelepiped structure, focusing board
Top (34) is equipped with mounting hole, and microphone socket (32) is mounted in the mounting hole of focusing board top (34);Silencing cavity device
(33) include silencing cavity anterior device (36) and silencing cavity posterior means (37), silencing cavity anterior device (36) and silencing cavity rear portion
Device (37) is bolted, and silencing cavity anterior device (36) is connected with focusing board (31) by bolt, silencing cavity rear portion dress
It is cavity body structure to set (37), and silencing cavity posterior means (37) are internally provided with quieter material.
4. the super clever surface experimental provision of a kind of acoustics according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The super clever surface module
(2) include arrangement symmetrical above and below super clever surface mount board (20), super clever surface cell (21) and supporting rack (22), up and down it is super clever
Crack is formed between surface cell (21), super clever surface cell (21) passes through crack position and the super clever surface of arrangement symmetrical above and below to pacify
Loading board (20) is connected, and super clever surface mount board (20) is connected with supporting rack (22), and supporting rack (22) is used to support super clever surface peace
Loading board (20).
5. the super clever surface experimental provision of a kind of acoustics according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:The super clever surface installation
The cross section of plate (20) is arch disk-like structure, and super clever surface mount board (20) is equipped with groove, and super clever surface cell (21) is logical
Groove is crossed with super clever surface mount board (20) to be connected;Super clever surface mount board (20) is equipped with arch column chamber (23) and mounting hole
(24), silencing cotton (203) is filled with inside arch column chamber (23), super clever surface mount board (20) passes through mounting hole (24) and plane
Wave duct is connected.
6. the super clever surface experimental provision of a kind of acoustics according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The super clever surface cell
(21) include super clever surface substrate (25), super clever surface cap (26) and super clever surface fastener (27), super clever surface substrate
(25) concave surface forms groove, and super clever surface cap (26) is positioned in the groove of super clever surface substrate (25);Super clever surface
The groove of substrate (25) is equipped with cylindrical cavity counterbore (28), and super clever surface cap (26) is equipped with super clever surface cap pore
(29), super clever surface cap pore (29) is corresponding with cylindrical cavity counterbore (28);Super clever surface fastener (27) will be surpassed by screw
Clever surface substrate (25) is fixedly connected with super clever surface cap (26).
7. the super clever surface experimental provision of a kind of acoustics according to claim 6, it is characterised in that:The cylindrical cavity counterbore
(28) quantity is four, and cylindrical cavity counterbore (28) is linearly arranged in the groove of super clever surface substrate (25).
8. the super clever surface experimental provision of a kind of acoustics according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:On support frame as described above (22)
It is connected with super clever surface fixture block (201), super clever surface fixture block (201) is connected with super clever surface mount board (20) by screw.
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CN113066471A (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-07-02 | 西南交通大学 | Device capable of adjusting acoustic super-surface based on microcontroller design |
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