CN108417127B - Acoustic metasurface experimental device - Google Patents
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- CN108417127B CN108417127B CN201810165512.1A CN201810165512A CN108417127B CN 108417127 B CN108417127 B CN 108417127B CN 201810165512 A CN201810165512 A CN 201810165512A CN 108417127 B CN108417127 B CN 108417127B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an acoustic metasurface experimental device which comprises a sound source excitation module, a metasurface module and a detection and silencing module which are sequentially connected, wherein the silencing module is connected with a microphone, sound waves are generated by the sound source excitation module and then collected by the metasurface module, and sound pressure signals are processed by the microphone. The experimental device for the acoustic metasurfaces, provided by the invention, has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in assembly and disassembly, wider output frequency band of the loudspeaker, capability of meeting the frequency requirements of different sound waves, and variable sound source signal types.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of acoustic metasurfaces, and particularly relates to an acoustic metasurface experimental device.
Background
An acoustic wave is a mechanical wave, usually represented as a longitudinal wave, whose propagation is essentially the transfer of energy in a medium. With the technological progress, acoustics is applied to the fields of underwater exploration, underground exploration, biomedicine, military weapons and the like, and the effective control of the wave front and the improvement of the transmission efficiency are very important in the process.
The emerging metasurfaces in recent years have had a significant impact on the acoustic and electromagnetic wave fields. Compared with the traditional acoustic control technology, such as a phased array and a parametric array, the metamaterial surface has the properties which are not possessed by natural materials, and the effective control effect can be realized by the arrangement and combination of special structures.
However, the metasurface also has many problems, such as narrow transmission band, complex structure and difficult transformation, limited sound wave control form, and the simulation result is not in accordance with the actual situation. In order to apply the emerging technology to sound wave control stably and mature, research and analysis are carried out on the metamaterial surface real object, and the characteristics of frequency characteristics, impedance characteristics and the like of the metamaterial surface real object are calibrated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides an experimental device for an acoustic metasurface, which can measure the wave front manipulation function, the frequency characteristic and the impedance characteristic of an acoustic wave of a specific metasurface under the excitation conditions of plane waves, spherical waves and the like.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the utility model provides an acoustics metasurface experimental apparatus, includes sound source excitation module, metasurface module and detection and amortization module that connect gradually, and the amortization module links to each other with the microphone, and the sound wave is handled the sound pressure signal through the microphone after passing through the gathering of metasurface module after sound source excitation module production.
Preferably, the sound source excitation module comprises a plane wave tube, a loudspeaker cover cap, a loudspeaker cover bracket, a loudspeaker support chassis, a loudspeaker short bracket and a loudspeaker, wherein the loudspeaker cover cap is connected with the plane wave tube through a bolt; and the plane wave tube is provided with a sound insulation piece and a welding support, the sound insulation piece is used for carrying out silencing treatment on redundant sound, and the welding support is used for supporting the plane wave tube.
Preferably, the silencing module comprises a focusing plate, a microphone socket and a silencing cavity device, the focusing plate comprises a focusing plate upper part and a focusing plate lower part, the focusing plate upper part and the focusing plate lower part are connected into a cuboid structure through bolts, the focusing plate upper part is provided with a mounting hole, and the microphone socket is mounted in the mounting hole in the focusing plate upper part; the silencing cavity device comprises a silencing cavity front device and a silencing cavity rear device, the silencing cavity front device and the silencing cavity rear device are connected through bolts, the silencing cavity front device is connected with the focusing plate through bolts, the silencing cavity rear device is of a cavity structure, and silencing materials are arranged inside the silencing cavity rear device.
Preferably, the metasurface module comprises metasurface mounting plates, metasurface units and a support frame, the metasurface mounting plates are symmetrically arranged up and down, a gap is formed between the upper metasurface unit and the lower metasurface unit, the metasurface units penetrate through the gap and are connected with the metasurface mounting plates symmetrically arranged up and down, the metasurface mounting plates are connected with the support frame, and the support frame is used for supporting the metasurface mounting plates.
Preferably, the cross section of the metasurface mounting plate is of an arched disc-shaped structure, a groove is formed in the metasurface mounting plate, and the metasurface unit is connected with the metasurface mounting plate through the groove; the metasurface mounting plate is provided with an arched column cavity and mounting holes, noise reduction cotton is filled in the arched column cavity, and the metasurface mounting plate is connected with the planar wave tube through the mounting holes.
Preferably, the metasurface unit comprises a metasurface substrate, a metasurface cover plate and a metasurface fixing member, the metasurface substrate is concave in a surface to form a groove, and the metasurface cover plate is placed in the groove of the metasurface substrate; a cylindrical cavity counter bore is formed in the groove of the metasurface substrate, a metasurface cover plate pore is formed in the metasurface cover plate, and the metasurface cover plate pore corresponds to the cylindrical cavity counter bore; the metasurface fixing member fixedly connects the metasurface substrate and the metasurface cover plate by screws.
Preferably, the number of the cylindrical cavity counter bores is four, and the cylindrical cavity counter bores are linearly arranged in the grooves of the metamaterial surface substrate.
Preferably, the support frame is connected with the metasurface clamping block, and the metasurface clamping block is connected with the metasurface mounting plate through screws.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the experimental device for the acoustic metasurfaces, provided by the invention, has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in assembly and disassembly, wider output frequency band of the loudspeaker, capability of meeting the frequency requirements of different sound waves, and variable sound source signal types.
2. The refraction sound wave condition can be detected through the sensor, and the sound wave permeability, the acoustic impedance and the refraction effect are analyzed according to the collected sound pressure signal or the generated sound pressure cloud chart, so that an experimental platform is provided for verifying the performance of the novel metamaterial surface device.
3. According to different experimental requirements (such as research on the control effect of the metasurface on cylindrical waves and spherical waves) accessories or parameters such as plane wave tubes, loudspeakers and metasurfaces can be replaced, the effect of the metasurfaces under different conditions can be researched, and the application range of the metasurfaces can be expanded.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an acoustic source excitation module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a metasurface module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a metasurface mounting board according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken in the direction A-A of FIG. 4 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the half-section of FIG. 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken in the direction B-B of FIG. 6 in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of a metasurface module for performing sound wave convergence according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a silencing unit according to an embodiment of the invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1. a sound source excitation module; 2. a metasurface module; 3. a detection and silencing module; 10. a planar wave tube; 11. a speaker cover; 12. a horn cover; 13. a horn cover bracket; 14. a speaker support chassis; 15. a short loudspeaker support; 16. a sound insulating member; 17. welding a bracket; 20. a metasurface mounting plate; 21. a metasurface unit; 22. a support frame; 23. an arcuate column cavity; 24. mounting holes; 25. a metasurface substrate; 26. a metasurface cover plate; 27. a metasurface fixing member; 28. a cylindrical cavity counter bore; 29. the surface of the metamaterial is covered with pores; 201. a metasurface clamp block; 202. clamping the bolt; 203. silencing cotton; 31. a focusing plate; 32. a microphone socket; 33. a muffler chamber means; 34. the upper part of the focusing plate; 35. a lower portion of the focusing plate; 36. a sound-deadening chamber front device; 37. a back device of the silencing cavity.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments:
example one
As shown in fig. 1 to 9, the acoustic metasurface experimental apparatus provided by the present invention includes a sound source excitation module 1, a metasurface module 2, and a detection and silencing module 3, which are connected in sequence, wherein the silencing module 3 is connected to a microphone, and sound waves are generated by the sound source excitation module 1, collected by the metasurface module 2, and then processed by the microphone.
The sound source excitation module 1 comprises a plane wave tube 10, a loudspeaker cover cap 11, a loudspeaker cover 12, a loudspeaker cover bracket 13, a loudspeaker support chassis 14, a loudspeaker short bracket 15 and a loudspeaker, wherein the loudspeaker cover cap 11 is connected with the plane wave tube 10 through a bolt, the loudspeaker cover 12 is connected with the inside of the loudspeaker cover cap 11 through the loudspeaker cover bracket 13, the loudspeaker support chassis 14 is connected with the inside of the loudspeaker cover cap 11 through the loudspeaker short bracket 15, the loudspeaker is connected with the loudspeaker cover cap 12 through a bolt and the loudspeaker cover cap 11, the loudspeaker cover cap 11 is also provided with a wire hole, and a power wire penetrates through the wire hole to be electrically connected with the loudspeaker; the flat wave tube 10 is provided with a sound insulator 16 and a welding bracket 17, the sound insulator 16 is used for silencing redundant sound, and the welding bracket 17 is used for supporting the flat wave tube.
The sound attenuation module 3 comprises a focusing plate 31, a microphone socket 32 and a sound attenuation cavity device 33, wherein the focusing plate 31 is of a cuboid structure, and the focusing plate 31 is connected with the metamaterial surface module 2. The focusing plate 31 includes a focusing plate upper portion 34 and a focusing plate lower portion 35, the focusing plate upper portion 34 and the focusing plate lower portion 35 are connected by bolts to have a rectangular parallelepiped structure, the number of the microphone sockets 32 is twenty four in this embodiment, the focusing plate upper portion 34 is provided with mounting holes, and the microphone sockets 32 are mounted in the mounting holes of the focusing plate upper portion 34. The silencing cavity device 33 comprises a silencing cavity front device 36 and a silencing cavity rear device 37, the silencing cavity front device 36 is connected with the silencing cavity rear device 37 through bolts, the silencing cavity front device 36 is connected with the focusing plate 31 through bolts, the silencing cavity rear device 37 is of a cavity structure, and silencing materials are arranged inside the silencing cavity rear device 37.
The metasurface module 2 comprises a metasurface mounting plate 20, metasurface units 21 and a support frame 22 which are symmetrically arranged up and down, a gap is formed between the upper and lower metasurface units 21, and silencing cotton 203 is arranged in the gap. The metasurface unit 21 is connected to metasurface mounting plates 20 which are arranged symmetrically up and down through the nip, the metasurface mounting plates 20 are connected to supports 22, and the supports 22 are used to support the metasurface mounting plates 20. The mounting plates 20, which are arranged in an up-down symmetrical manner, form a gap therebetween, and one end of the focusing plate 31 is located in the gap.
The cross section of the metasurface mounting plate 20 is of an arched disc-shaped structure, grooves are formed in the metasurface mounting plate 20, and the metasurface units 21 are connected with the metasurface mounting plate 20 through the grooves; the metasurface mounting plate 20 is provided with an arched cylindrical cavity 23 and mounting holes 24, the inside of the arched cylindrical cavity 23 is filled with noise reduction cotton 203, and the metasurface mounting plate 20 is connected with a planar wave tube through the mounting holes 24.
The metasurface mounting plate 20 can be flexibly combined with other devices through the mounting holes 24, can be connected with a plane wave tube and a sensing detection module, and forms complete experimental equipment for researching the frequency, the impedance and more characteristics of the metasurface.
The metasurface unit 21 comprises a metasurface substrate 25, a metasurface cover plate 26 and a metasurface fixing member 27, the surface of the metasurface substrate 25 is concave to form a groove, and the metasurface cover plate 26 is placed in the groove of the metasurface substrate 25; a cylindrical cavity counter bore 28 is arranged on the groove of the metasurface substrate 25, a metasurface cover plate pore 29 is arranged on the metasurface cover plate 26, and the metasurface cover plate pore 29 corresponds to the cylindrical cavity counter bore 28; the metasurface fixing member 27 fixedly connects the metasurface base 25 and the metasurface cover plate 26 by screws. The number of the cylindrical cavity counter bores 28 is four, and the cylindrical cavity counter bores 28 are linearly arranged in the grooves of the metasurface substrate 25.
In the present embodiment, a plurality of metasurface units 21 are arranged at intervals between the metasurface mounting plates 20. The gaps between the adjacent metasurface units 21 are single slits, and different phase gradient distributions can be realized by changing the width of the single slits of the adjacent metasurface units 21, so that the acoustic wave manipulation with different refraction angles is realized, and the acoustic wave front manipulation with plane wave abnormal refraction, diffraction-free Bessel wave beams, acoustic wave convergence and the like can also be realized.
The metasurface unit 21 and the metasurface mounting plate 20 are connected by means of clamp bolts 202 arranged one above another, and the clamp bolts 202 are used to adjust the position of the metasurface unit 21 in the middle of the metasurface mounting plate 20. In the present embodiment, the position of the metasurface unit 21 in the middle of the metasurface mounting plate 20 can be adjusted according to design requirements, thereby achieving the best use effect and requirements.
The support frame 22 is connected with the metasurface clamp block 201, and the metasurface clamp block 201 is connected with the metasurface mounting plate 20 through screws.
The working process and principle of the invention are as follows:
the placement of the metamaterial surface elements 21 is determined by first determining the acoustic frequency and the desired form of acoustic manipulation as follows:
the invention adopts Helmholtz resonance cavity (HR) to realize the abnormal refraction of sound wave. The metasurface unit 21 shown in fig. 4 is composed of an array of HRs, the dimensional structure of which is shown in fig. 5. The equivalent bulk modulus of the unit can be expressed as:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the bulk modulus of air, F ab/L d is the area ratio of the HR cavity to the single slit section, ω0Is the resonant frequency of the HR, and is the intrinsic loss of the HR. Equation (1) shows that the cell 21 of the metasurface has 2 characteristic frequencies
And
wherein
Is a sound volume, M, characterizing the spring effect of the HR cavityHR＝ρ0heffL is the acoustic mass corresponding to the mass of air in the throat of HR, heffIs the effective length of the throat. At omega0＜ω＜ωnThe real part of the effective bulk modulus is negative in the frequency range of (2). According to the wave equation of sound waves and Newton's law, the existence of HR can not affect the effective mass. Therefore, the effective sound velocity can be expressed as
The wave vectors of metasurface unit 21 may be expressed as
At omega0＜ω＜ωnIn the frequency range of (2), the wave vector is an imaginary number, and the sound wave is rapidly attenuated in the x direction and cannot pass through the metasurface. In other frequency ranges, e.g. ω < ω0，ω＞ωnThe wave vector is real, and the sound wave can well penetrate through the metasurface. Ignoring the inherent losses, the inverse of the effective speed of sound in metasurface unit 21 can be written as:
equation (2) indicates that: (i) with frequency from ω0Decaying to 0 and increasing the effective speed of sound from 0 to
This value is less than the speed of sound c in air0. (ii) At omega > omeganWith increasing frequency, the effective speed of sound decreases from infinity to 0. (iii) The speed of sound is affected by the area ratio F of the HR cavity and the single slit portion. For values less than ω0Is inversely proportional to F. With a single slit width properly chosen, the value of F will also change simultaneously, and there is an inverse relationship between d and F. Therefore, when the frequency ω < ω0By changing the width of the single slit, an ideal sound velocity gradient can be easily obtained.
After the sound wave passes through the metamaterial surface, the phenomenon of discontinuous sound wave phases occurs. Generally, any wavefront operation can be guided by generalized snell's law. The transmitted acoustic wave across an acoustic metasurface can be written as follows:
in the formula, thetat(y)，θi(y) are the angle of refraction and angle of incidence, respectively. Phi (y) is the phase factor, k0＝ω/c0Is the wave vector in air. We have found that by varying the gradient of the phase factor, incident sound waves can be refracted arbitrarily. There is a plane wave incident normal to the metasurface (i.e., θ) in the frequency range of interestiAnd (y) is 0), the sound speed of the gradient distribution can be reduced by selecting the width of the single slit of the metasurface unit 21. Phase gradient writeable
Where c (y) is the velocity along the y-direction of the metasurface. Substituting the phase gradient into equation (3), the refraction angle can be written as:
equation (4) indicates that the angle of refraction is directly determined by the gradient of 1/c (y). Thus, by adjusting the inverse velocity gradient term, one can achieve arbitrary wavefront manipulation, i.e.:
taking sound wave convergence as an example, the step of calculating the width of the single slit required for realizing the control of the sound wave wavefront is as follows. FIG. 6 shows the concept of acoustic wave focusing, and the designed metasurfaces can focus the incident plane wave to the focal point (x)00), the sine of the angle of refraction can be written as:
the inverse velocity profile along the y-direction can be written as follows:
in the formula x0The minimum velocity c (0) ═ c at the midpoint of the metasurface, which is the abscissa of the focal pointmin(0). Having maximum velocity at edges of the metasurface
By substituting the inverse velocity into equation (2), the single slot width d can be solved.
After the width of the single slit of the metasurface unit 21 is calculated, the metasurface unit 21 is accurately placed by a vernier caliper, the position of the metasurface unit is fixed by the clamping bolt 202, and the silencing cotton 23 is placed in the half-moon-shaped groove of the metasurface mounting plate 20 and on two sides of the groove on the metasurface mounting plate 20, so that the sound waves are ensured to be transmitted to the environment only from the metasurface, and are not reflected on the metasurface mounting plate to influence the metasurface effect.
Example two
Compared with the first embodiment, the present embodiment does not mount the planar wave tube 10, and directly connects the speaker cover 11 to the metasurface module 2, which is the point sound source excitation.
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited embodiments and examples. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific changes and combinations based on the teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and combinations are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. An acoustic metasurface experimental apparatus is characterized in that: the sound source sound-absorbing device comprises a sound source excitation module (1), a metasurface module (2) and a noise-absorbing module (3) which are sequentially connected, wherein the noise-absorbing module (3) is connected with a microphone, sound waves are generated by the sound source excitation module (1), are collected by the metasurface module (2), and then are processed by the microphone;
the sound source excitation module (1) comprises a plane wave tube (10), a loudspeaker cover cap (11), a loudspeaker cover (12), a loudspeaker cover bracket (13), a loudspeaker support base frame (14), a loudspeaker short bracket (15) and a loudspeaker, wherein the loudspeaker cover cap (11) is connected with the plane wave tube (10) through a bolt, the loudspeaker cover (12) is connected with the inside of the loudspeaker cover cap (11) through the loudspeaker cover bracket (13), the loudspeaker support base frame (14) is connected with the inside of the loudspeaker cover cap (11) through the loudspeaker short bracket (15), the loudspeaker and the loudspeaker cover (12) are connected with the loudspeaker cover cap (11) through a bolt, a wire hole is further formed in the loudspeaker cover cap (11), and a power wire penetrates through the wire hole to be electrically connected with the loudspeaker; the plane wave tube (10) is provided with a sound insulation piece (16) and a welding bracket (17), the sound insulation piece (16) is used for carrying out silencing treatment on redundant sound, and the welding bracket (17) is used for supporting the plane wave tube;
the noise reduction module (3) comprises a focusing plate (31), a microphone socket (32) and a noise reduction cavity device (33), the focusing plate (31) comprises a focusing plate upper part (34) and a focusing plate lower part (35), the focusing plate upper part (34) and the focusing plate lower part (35) are connected into a cuboid structure through bolts, the focusing plate upper part (34) is provided with a mounting hole, and the microphone socket (32) is mounted in the mounting hole of the focusing plate upper part (34); the silencing cavity device (33) comprises a silencing cavity front device (36) and a silencing cavity rear device (37), the silencing cavity front device (36) and the silencing cavity rear device (37) are connected through bolts, the silencing cavity front device (36) is connected with the focusing plate (31) through bolts, the silencing cavity rear device (37) is of a cavity structure, and silencing materials are arranged inside the silencing cavity rear device (37);
the metasurface module (2) comprises metasurface mounting plates (20), metasurface units (21) and a support frame (22) which are symmetrically arranged up and down, a gap is formed between the upper metasurface unit and the lower metasurface unit (21), the metasurface units (21) penetrate through the gap and are connected with the metasurface mounting plates (20) symmetrically arranged up and down, the metasurface mounting plates (20) are connected with the support frame (22), and the support frame (22) is used for supporting the metasurface mounting plates (20); a gap is formed between the mounting plates (20) which are arranged up and down symmetrically, and one end of the focusing plate (31) is positioned in the gap;
the cross section of the metasurface mounting plate (20) is of an arched disc-shaped structure, a groove is formed in the metasurface mounting plate (20), and the metasurface unit (21) is connected with the metasurface mounting plate (20) through the groove; an arched cylindrical cavity (23) and a mounting hole (24) are formed in the metasurface mounting plate (20), silencing cotton (203) is filled in the arched cylindrical cavity (23), and the metasurface mounting plate (20) is connected with the planar wave tube through the mounting hole (24).
2. An acoustic metasurface experimental apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the metasurface unit (21) comprises a metasurface substrate (25), a metasurface cover plate (26) and a metasurface fixing member (27), the metasurface substrate (25) is internally concave to form a groove, and the metasurface cover plate (26) is placed in the groove of the metasurface substrate (25); a cylindrical cavity counter bore (28) is arranged on the groove of the metasurface substrate (25), a metasurface cover plate pore (29) is arranged on the metasurface cover plate (26), and the metasurface cover plate pore (29) corresponds to the cylindrical cavity counter bore (28); the metasurface fixing member (27) fixedly connects the metasurface base (25) and the metasurface cover plate (26) by screws.
3. An acoustic metasurface experimental apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: the number of the cylindrical cavity counter bores (28) is four, and the cylindrical cavity counter bores (28) are linearly arranged in the grooves of the metasurface substrate (25).
4. An acoustic metasurface experimental apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the support frame (22) is connected with a metasurface clamping block (201), and the metasurface clamping block (201) is connected with a metasurface mounting plate (20) through screws.
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| CN103515713A (en) * | 2013-09-11 | 2014-01-15 | 东南大学 | Super surface lens antenna based on optical transformation and manufacturing method of super surface lens antenna |
| CN105676314A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-06-15 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Multi-spectral phase-type metasurface device |
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| KR101825480B1 (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2018-03-23 | 서울대학교산학협력단 | Meta atom controlling acoustic parameters and metamaterials comprising the same |
| CN107293283B (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2021-06-04 | 南开大学 | Acoustic super-surface and acoustic wave focusing device |
| CN107170439A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-09-15 | 南开大学 | A kind of super surface of acoustics |
| CN107492370B (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2020-11-17 | 北京交通大学 | Super surface structure capable of adjusting sound wave focusing |
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| CN103515713A (en) * | 2013-09-11 | 2014-01-15 | 东南大学 | Super surface lens antenna based on optical transformation and manufacturing method of super surface lens antenna |
| CN105676314A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-06-15 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Multi-spectral phase-type metasurface device |
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