CN2088452U

CN2088452U - Multifunctional gas generator

Info

Publication number: CN2088452U
Application number: CN 90214859
Authority: CN
Inventors: 侯远贵
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1990-08-20
Filing date: 1990-08-20
Publication date: 1991-11-13

Abstract

A multifunctional gas generator for teaching is composed of improved constant-pressure spherical separating funnel, Y-shaped triangular flask, explosion-proof tube and isolating tube. The air pressure balance pipe in the separating funnel can control liquid dropping under constant pressure, the branch pipe neck of the Y-shaped triangular flask is connected with the air outlet pipe of the anti-backflow valve to control toxic residual air, and the anti-explosion pipe is connected with the air inlet pipe of the check valve and the anti-explosion film to prevent backflow flame from entering the explosion caused by the gas generator. Therefore, the instrument is suitable for various schools to prepare gas under the conditions of gas defense, explosion prevention, constant pressure and heating.

Description

Multifunctional gas generator

The utility model relates to the gas making device that a kind of chemistry teaching is used---open the improvement of general gas generator and similar installation thereof and other gas making device.Be well known that according to the state of reactant and whether heat, gas making device is divided into three types.

Gu 1, solid-hot type: the horizontal type test tube heating gas making device that adopts test tube, wireway and alcolhol burner to form.As make oxygen, ammonia and methane.

2, liquid-solid or liquid-liquid hot type: the dropping liquid heating gas making device that adopts separatory funnel, flask, wireway and alcolhol burner to form.As preparing chlorine gas, hydrogen chloride, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and ethene.

3, liquid-solid not hot type: adopt and open general gas generator and similar installation, the fluid-tight gas making device that adopts long neck funnel, flask or test tube and wireway to form in addition.As hydrogen hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide; The also gas making device that adopts separatory funnel, flask and wireway to form in addition.As make sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and acetylene etc.

From above-mentioned 14 kinds of gases (requirement by high school chemistry teaching is the content that the student should grasp), there is following problem in three types gas making device:

1, related instrument kind, the specification of the device of Cai Yonging is various, assembling is inconvenient, and operation sequence is changeful.The interface that can not form cover standardization, tandem product and a genus specification of the same type all can exchange arbitrarily, can match and assemble the necessary instrument of various system gas patterns on demand.What give birth to therefrom is to make system gas experimental implementation can not form the experiment operating system of standardization, systematization, simplification and sequencing.

2, in 14 kinds of made gases, there are 8 kinds to be toxic gas: chlorine, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen chloride, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide.Above-mentioned each gas making device is not to make gas under " sealing " nontoxic condition, and especially the remaining poison gas when suspending usefulness gas leaks and the processing of toxic gas and poisonous waste liquid thereof when making depressed bundle.All be not resolved.

3, in 14 kinds of made gases, there are 7 kinds to be imflammable gas: carbon monoxide, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, methane, ethene and acetylene.These imflammable gas are used as the chemical reaction experiment of combustion experiment or related properties, are sneaking into air in certain amount, and when reaching explosion limit scope and ignition temperature, the flame of refluence enters gas generator and will set off an explosion.Therefore above-mentioned each gas making device is not under explosion-proof safety condition, makes gas and uses gas.

4, when preparation gas, when the gas pressure that produces in the reaction vessel (gas generator) increases, will stop by separatory funnel to reaction vessel dropwise reaction liquid, to system gas is interrupted.About using the drip method gas making device, is not to operate under constant voltage because of above-mentioned.

5, reactant will stop up in the above-mentioned gas making device as being insoluble solid powder or particle, and employed long neck funnel pipe is also to system gas is interrupted.Therefore in gas making device, need to add " isolated tube " equipment by system gas.

The purpose of this utility model is exactly in order to address the above problem, and designs a kind of multifunctional gas generator.It can replace existing general gas generator and above-mentioned other gas making device of three types of opening, and can make gas under gas defence, explosion-proof, constant-pressure conditions again, makes it to become the instrument that a cover can be combined into the comprehensive use with multiple function.

Technical characterictic of the present utility model: the multifunctional gas generator is to be made up of Improvement type constant voltage bulb shape separatory funnel (Fig. 1-I) (hereinafter to be referred as separatory funnel) Y shape conical flask (Fig. 1-II), explosion stack (Fig. 1-III) (this instrument patent applied for, chemistry teaching with explosion-proof instrument application number 90211852.8, the applying date 900222) and four critical pieces of " isolated tube " (Fig. 1-IV).Formed the system synthesis device that a cover has the nontoxic system gas of gas defence, explosion-proof, constant voltage, " sealing " formula, is absorbed with poisonous gas, poisonous waste liquid.

The multifunctional gas generator, belong in the instruments used for education, the glass apparatus class, general glass blower all can be made, this instrument all adopts GG-17 glass to make, (Bm26-29) is combined as the master with the standard grinding port plug, has characteristics such as assembling is flexible, demolition, cleaning convenience.

The multifunctional gas generator is compared the advantage that is had with prior art (having done brief introduction in the above):

1, the function that has the preparation multiple gases: the three types above-mentioned gas making method with routine, be reduced to two types of gas making methods, can make equally and have above-mentioned 14 kinds of gases at least.And make operation form one and overlap the experiment operating system of standardization, sequencing and simplification, improved the utilization rate and the serviceability rate of instrument simultaneously.Now, exemplify in the back with the gas and the reaction principle thereof of the preparation of this instrument:

(1) liquid-solid or liquid-liquid hot type

1. ammonia: add strong caustic in ammonium salt, heating makes ammonia;

2. methane: drip water in aluminium carbide, heating makes methane;

More than two kinds of system gas principles and device with conventional admittedly-Gu hot type is different, especially makes methane, the method for routine makes the instrument destructive rate too high.

3. chlorine: drip concentrated hydrochloric acid in manganese dioxide, heating makes chlorine;

4. hydrogen chloride: add the concentrated sulfuric acid in sodium chloride, heating makes hydrogen chloride;

5. nitric oxide: add rare nitric acid in copper sheet, heating makes nitric oxide;

6. carbon monoxide: drip formic acid in the concentrated sulfuric acid, low-grade fever makes carbon monoxide;

7. ethene: add the concentrated sulfuric acid in ethanol, heating makes ethene;

(2) liquid-solid not hot type

8. oxygen: in manganese dioxide, drip hydrogenperoxide steam generator, make oxygen (also inequality) with conventional method;

9. hydrogen: in zinc granule, add dilute sulfuric acid and make hydrogen;

10. hydrogen sulfide: in ferrous sulfide, add watery hydrochloric acid, make hydrogen sulfide;

(11) sulfur dioxide: in sodium sulfite, drip the concentrated sulfuric acid, make sulfur dioxide;

(12) nitrogen dioxide: in copper sheet, drip red fuming nitric acid (RFNA), make nitrogen dioxide;

(13) carbon dioxide: in marble, add watery hydrochloric acid, make carbon dioxide;

(4) acetylene: in calcium carbide, drip water, make acetylene.

2, has the gas defence function: in above-mentioned 14 kinds of gases, have 8 kinds to be toxic gas.This instrument is at system gas and stop to make gas temporarily and make gas and finish or absorb in the overall process of poisonous residual air, poisonous waste liquid, is to carry out under " sealing " nontoxic condition.And when being absorbed with poisonous gas or poisonous waste liquid, can prevent the backflow phenomenon (absorption liquid blows back into reaction vessel, and system gas is interrupted) when absorbing, thus make the absorption of toxic gas and waste liquid, in not influencing continuation system gas or process, obtain handling with gas.

3, has explosion prevention function: in above-mentioned 14 kinds of gases, have 7 kinds to be imflammable gas.These imflammable gas are being made combustion experiment or are being done the chemical reaction experiment of related properties, sneaking into air in certain amount, reach the explosion limit scope, when tempering taking place or reach ignition temperature, the flame of refluence enters gas generator and the generation that causes an explosion accident.This instrument has explosion-protection equipment.This has just stopped the generation of all blast factors.

4, have constant voltage or non-constant voltage intermodulation function: in gas-making process, when the gas pressure intensity that produces in the reaction vessel increased, the gas of generation constantly entered separatory funnel from the separatory funnel pipe, makes reactant liquor can not splash into reaction vessel, to system gas is interrupted.This instrument has adopted Improvement type constant voltage bulb shape separatory funnel (improvement part: for making air pressure and the separatory funnel internal gas pressure balance in the reaction vessel, between the two, connected barometric pipe, made the reactant liquor in the separatory funnel constantly splash into reaction vessel by the gravity effect.As will making the two obstructed, the circular handle piston on the then rotatable separatory funnel mouth makes the hole on the piston communicate with hole on the separatory funnel neck, i.e. Chang Gui separatory funnel).

5, have the function that opens general gas generator: this instrument can be by the circular handle piston on the rotation separatory funnel mouth with after hole on the separatory funnel neck communicates, rotate straight shape two road pistons and explosion stack piston bush on the explosion stack again, after piston hole was all closed, the liquid level in this moment Y shape conical flask can be borrowed pressure to increase and descend and disengage with solid and enter separatory funnel.

6, has the function that the explosion stack portable is made other gas generator safety device.

7, has the function of making protected against explosion " hydrogen flame lamp ": the pale blue flame that is produced when observing combustion of hydrogen (this experimental phenomena in chemistry teaching, a still unresolved so far good difficult problem)

8, has " isolation " function that prevents solid insoluble obstruction separatory funnel pipe.

From the above, this gas generator can be combined into has the instrument that 8 kinds of function synthesizeds use.

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing enforcement of the present utility model is described in detail.

About the multifunctional gas generator, the explanation of accompanying drawing drawing:

1, accompanying drawing coding key:

(1) serial number of figure is as " Fig. 1 ... ";

(2) numbering of instrument component among the figure is as " 1 ... ";

(3) numbering of instrument part among the figure is as " 1 ... ".

2, the explanation of accompanying drawing ratio: the 1st, 2 pages in accompanying drawing is scaled drawing by 2/3 o'clock.Accompanying drawing is the drawing of 1:1 for the 3rd, 4 pages.

3, the numbering of the title of each parts, part, specification and figure explanation in the accompanying drawing:

The 1st page in accompanying drawing, Fig. 1 are the whole figure (installation diagram) of multifunctional gas generator.It is made up of Improvement type constant voltage bulb shape separatory funnel (Fig. 1-I) (hereinafter to be referred as separatory funnel), Y shape conical flask (Fig. 1-II), explosion stack (Fig. 1-III) and isolated tube (Fig. 1-IV).

The 2nd page in accompanying drawing, Fig. 2 is the front view of separatory funnel among Fig. 1 (Fig. 1-I):

Fig. 2-1: circular handle piston, φ 18 * 20mm, aperture φ 4mm;

Fig. 2-2: barometric pipe, φ 6 * 140mm;

Fig. 2-3: spherical hopper, φ 56 * 60mm, capacity 60mL;

Fig. 2-4:T shape stop,threeway, 3#, plug core aperture φ 3mm;

Fig. 2-5: water inlet pipe, φ 6 * 25mm;

Fig. 2-6: separatory funnel piston bush, Bm24/29;

Fig. 2-7: separatory funnel pipe, φ 6 * 163mm;

The 2nd page in accompanying drawing, Fig. 3 are the left views of T shape stop,threeway (Fig. 2-4) among Fig. 2.

The 3rd page in accompanying drawing, Fig. 4 are the front views of Y shape conical flask (Fig. 1-II) among Fig. 1:

Fig. 4-8:Y shape conical flask bottleneck, Bm24/29;

Fig. 4-9:Y shape conical flask, φ 80 * 133mm, capacity 250mL;

Fig. 4-10:Y shape conical flask arm the mouth of pipe, Bm19/26, vertical parallel degree ± 2 of its mouth of pipe, neck and Y shape conical flask bottleneck, bottleneck °, it is 22mm at interval;

Fig. 4-11: escape pipe, φ 6 * 25mm;

Fig. 4-12: anti-reflux valve escape pipe, φ 8 * 35mm;

The 3rd page in accompanying drawing, Fig. 5 are the left views of anti-reflux valve escape pipe among Fig. 4 (Fig. 4-12).

The 4th page in accompanying drawing, Fig. 6 is the front view of explosion stack among Fig. 1 (Fig. 1-III):

Fig. 6-13: rupture pressure disc, latex are made, φ 15 * 10 * 0.2mm, tensile strength 2.4 * 10 ⁴Pa;

Fig. 6-11: escape pipe, φ 6 * 25mm;

Fig. 6-14: explosion stack, φ 18 * 125mm, tensile strength 1.03 * 10 ⁶Pa;

Fig. 6-15: straight shape two road pistons, 3 ^#, plug core aperture φ 3mm;

Fig. 6-16: explosion stack piston bush, Bm19/26, aperture φ 4mm;

Fig. 6-17: check valve air inlet pipe, φ 8 * 47mm;

The 4th page in accompanying drawing, Fig. 7 are the left views of escape pipe among Fig. 6 (Fig. 6-11).

The 4th page in accompanying drawing, Fig. 8 are the front views of " isolated tube " (Fig. 1-IV) among Fig. 1, φ 10 * 170mm.

Embodiment one, with reference to accompanying drawing 1-8:

The preparation of toxic gas: as preparing chlorine gas, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, ammonia, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide.

Its operation sequence, (is example with system chlorine):

1, frosted mouth plug is coated a small amount of vaseline grease, can not stop up piston hole,, avoid ground to wear and tear, also make the piston rotation adorn folding flexibly and easily to strengthen the adaptation of frosted mouth plug.

2, in Y shape conical flask (Fig. 1-II), add manganese dioxide, put into " isolated tube " (Fig. 1-IV) then, again separatory funnel pipe (Fig. 1-7) is injected in " isolated tube ", to same direction rotation separatory funnel piston bush (Fig. 1-6) several times, vaseline is evenly distributed is pellucidity.

3, with the T shape stop,threeway (Fig. 1-4) on the separatory funnel from the former up and down communicating state (being the threeway state scarcely) that is in, now rotate 45 ° counter clockwise, make it to be closed condition.Open the circular handle piston (Fig. 1-1) on the separatory funnel then, add concentrated hydrochloric acid, more beyond the Great Wall, and the hole on the piston rotated to barometric pipe (Fig. 1-2) communicate, make to be pressure constant state, so that splash into concentrated hydrochloric acid with circular handle piston.

4, explosion stack (Fig. 1-III) is injected the Y shape conical flask arm mouth of pipe (Fig. 1-10), and straight shape two road pistons (Fig. 1-15) are closed, rotate explosion stack piston bush (Fig. 1-16) then the hole on the piston bush is communicated with escape pipe (Fig. 1-11).

5, the water inlet pipe (Fig. 1-5) on the T shape stop,threeway on the separatory funnel is linked in a high position (only being higher than this instrument gets final product) aspirator bottle (providing for oneself) with emulsion tube.

6, the anti-reflux valve escape pipe (Fig. 1-12) on the Y shape conical flask arm is linked in absorption bottle (providing for oneself) with emulsion tube.

7, this experiment needs heating, should be held in Y shape conical flask Bottle neck gripper on the iron stand.

8,,, now rotate 45 ° in the direction of the clock from 45 ° of positions of former counter-clockwise direction (pass closed state) with the T shape stop,threeway on the separatory funnel, the adding concentrated hydrochloric acid makes it to communicate with the separatory funnel pipe, note regulating liquid droping speed, with the control reaction speed, and suitably heating.

9, the chlorine that produces is fed gas collection or uses device of air.As will stop gas collection or use gas temporarily, explosion stack piston bush (Fig. 1-16) clockwise direction half-twist can be communicated with the anti-reflux valve escape pipe, should stop to drip concentrated hydrochloric acid (T shape stop,threeway is rotated 45 ° in the direction of the clock) this moment, heat with stopping, make the chlorine residue of generation feed absorption bottle (absorption chlorine, hydrogen chloride, nitrogen dioxide, nitric oxide, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide can use strong caustic, ammonia can use dilute sulfuric acid to absorb, absorbing some gases, as hydrogen chloride, the phenomenon that violent absorption liquid passes back into reaction vessel can take place in ammonia.But this instrument is equipped with anti-reflux valve equipment, has also just prevented the generation of this phenomenon.If the system carbon monoxide generally can only be used firing method, the residual air that is produced till the mouth of pipe of giving vent to anger (note the mouth of pipe will connect sharp nozzle tube) after-flame with emulsion tube.

10, be shaped on poisonous gas when finishing, should be with separatory funnel T shape stop,threeway, the former closed condition (being that clockwise direction is located for 45 °) that is in is now rotated 45 ° again in the direction of the clock, makes it to communicate with water inlet pipe on the T shape stop,threeway.Current in the high-order aspirator bottle advance Y shape conical flask at this moment, and toxic gas and waste liquid are washed into absorption bottle by the anti-reflux valve escape pipe in the lump.

Embodiment two:

The preparation of imflammable gas: have 7 kinds to be imflammable gas in 14 kinds of above-mentioned gases, the future trouble that it produced is discussed in the above, therefore when using this instrument, matched explosion stack (Fig. 1-III) must be installed, and can experimentize safely.

Its operation sequence:

1, the using method of explosion stack:

(1) the water seal tempering prevents method: with the about 20ML of water, the mouth of pipe (Fig. 1-14) from explosion stack injects, or:

(2) tempering of multiple layer of copper silk screen prevents method: with copper mesh (specification: the 140-180 order/centimetre ²), after interlayer does not stay the gap to be rolled into the cylinder of φ 17 * 25mm, the explosion stack bottom of packing into.This method can make steady air current, is suitable for doing the combustion experiment of imflammable gas.

2, with rupture pressure disc (Fig. 1-13) with after the water-wet, be enclosed within smoothly on the explosion stack mouth of pipe.

3, explosion stack is injected the Y shape conical flask arm mouth of pipe (Fig. 1-10).Attention: the hole on the explosion stack piston bush (Fig. 1-16) is communicated with escape pipe (Fig. 1-11) and anti-reflux valve escape pipe (Fig. 1-12) on the Y shape conical flask arm.

4, aforesaid operations ready after, begin to make gas, the system gas operation sequence similar to embodiment one.The reaction of insoluble blocks of solid of institute's difference first and liquid must be removed " isolated tube ", as hydrogen and hydrogen sulfide.It two is to be non-poisonous material as hydrogen, just needn't be undertaken by the operation sequence of " sealing " formula.

5, made gas is virose imflammable gas, as carbon monoxide, generally can not absorb with solution, can only take till the mouth of pipe of giving vent to anger burnouts.And for example make the then available solution of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia and absorb processing.But all exist the absorption problem of poisonous waste liquid, after therefore finishing, need be absorbed with poisonous gas (removing carbon monoxide) and waste liquid at system gas or with gas.At first rotate the explosion stack piston bush, the hole on the piston bush is communicated with the anti-reflux valve escape pipe, then handle by the step operation of the 10th among the embodiment one.

Embodiment three:

Protected against explosion hydrogen flame lamp: pale blue flame in the time of observing stable combustion of hydrogen, i.e. " hydrogen flame lamp " must accomplish that (1) can not be because of lighting hydrogen, causes tempering and makes the hydrogen generator blast.(2) stable hydrogen stream to be arranged.The matched explosion stack of this instrument just has such function.

Its operation sequence:

1, press the using method of explosion stack among the embodiment two, (2) kind method of indication, promptly multiple layer of copper silk screen rollback fire prevents the 2nd, 3 steps in method and the operation sequence, installs explosion stack.

2, press the operation sequence hydrogen of embodiment one.Therefore difference is that hydrogen is nontoxic, makes gas and with need not gas defence in the gas process.Should remove " isolated tube " simultaneously, by opening general gas generator principle system gas, the hydrogen that produces enters in the pipe from the check valve air inlet pipe (Fig. 1-17) of explosion stack, roll up by the multiple layer of copper silk screen, discharge from escape pipe (Fig. 1-11) (escape pipe connects a sharp nozzle tube with emulsion tube), light immediately, see yellow flame, clamp emulsion tube with tongs immediately, yellow flame is extinguished, and simultaneously the rupture pressure disc on the explosion stack mouth of pipe is taken down, and lights immediately, can see pale blue flame, i.e. so-called " hydrogen flame lamp ".

About explaining the main points briefly of explosion stack explosion prevention function:

1, the water seal tempering prevents method: when the escape pipe (Fig. 1-11) from explosion stack (Fig. 1-III) produces tempering or reaches ignition temperature, the mist of oxygen (the air)-imflammable gas that forms in the explosion stack, produce blast, the mist of blast, the pressure that is produced increases suddenly, the water that directly applies pressure to is pressed to check valve air inlet pipe (Fig. 1-17) and is gone, imflammable gas is closed, the temporarily disconnected source of the gas, stop air feed, play the back-fire relief effect, thereby prevented that the flame that flows backwards from entering the danger that imflammable gas generator (this example is the multifunctional gas generator) is blasted.Bao Zha mist is driven rupture pressure disc from explosion-proof mouth of pipe upper punch simultaneously, and the rupture pressure disc of washing open can be reused, and because of on the rupture pressure disc circle earhole being arranged, ties up on the explosion stack body with tree lace.

2, multiple layer of copper silk screen rollback fire prevents method: when the escape pipe from explosion stack produces tempering or reaches ignition temperature, the mist of formed oxygen (air) in the explosion stack-imflammable gas, produce blast, pressure increases suddenly, the mist of blast is washed the rupture pressure disc on the explosion stack mouth of pipe open, drain into atmosphere, multiple layer of copper silk screen volume has the non-rectilinear micropore, flame spread speed is gone to zero, and temperature is dropped to below the mist ignition temperature, unlikely the catching fire of mist below multiple layer of copper silk screen volume, play the back-fire relief effect, the shock wave that blast is produced sees through multiple layer of copper silk screen volume and acts on the check valve air inlet pipe, rise and cut off action of gas source, temporarily stop air feed.Thereby prevented that the flame that flows backwards from entering the imflammable gas generator, the danger of blasting.

Claims

1, a kind of kipp gas generator is made up of spherical hopper, container and wireway, it is characterized in that: the multifunctional gas generator that is formed by connecting by Improvement type constant voltage bulb shape separatory funnel, Y shape conical flask, explosion stack and " isolated tube ".

2, multifunctional gas generator according to claim 1 is characterized in that: hole on the Improvement type constant voltage bulb shape separatory funnel neck and the hole on the bulb shape separatory funnel piston bush connect with barometric pipe therebetween; Circular handle piston on the bulb shape separatory funnel mouth, hollow side tool hole; Bulb shape separatory funnel is connected with T shape stop,threeway with filler tube.

3, multifunctional gas generator according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Y shape conical flask arm neck side connects anti-reflux valve escape pipe and escape pipe.