CN208796113U - Solar tracking system and device - Google Patents
Solar tracking system and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN208796113U CN208796113U CN201820847425.XU CN201820847425U CN208796113U CN 208796113 U CN208796113 U CN 208796113U CN 201820847425 U CN201820847425 U CN 201820847425U CN 208796113 U CN208796113 U CN 208796113U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of solar tracking system and device, solar tracking system includes sensor unit, controller unit, actuator unit, machine assembly.Sensor unit is fixed in double freedom light receiving plate, and double freedom light receiving plate is a component of machine assembly.Solar tracking system is converted into voltage signal input controller unit by sensor unit sense sunlight incidence drift angle, by light intensity signal, and controller unit controls actuator unit, and actuator unit drives machine assembly, adjusts the double freedom light receiving plate face sun.Solar tracking calibration process includes carrying out coarse adjustment tracking to solar angle wide-angle deviation and tracking to solar angle low-angle deviation accurate adjustment.The accurate adjustment tracking, converges bloom strong beam using lens system, reflects to form optical lever by plane mirror, and received bloom strong beam big displacement offset in sensor unit, promotes transducer sensitivity, realize accurate adjustment tracking when realizing solar angle low-angle deviation.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to solar tracking technology and solar energy application, and in particular to a kind of solar azimuth in real time with
The applied system equipment of track.
Background technique
Solar energy is a kind of green energy resource, in order to efficient application, the conversion solar energy energy, most apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar
(including but not limited to solar thermal collector, device of solar generating, similarly hereinafter) needs the maximum sunlight of real-time reception incident
Light intensity guarantees real-time reception maximum luminous energy with this, this just needs to implement solar tracking and control to apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar.
Implement apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar to the method for solar tracking and control, mainly there is track of sun calculating method, GPS at present
Positioning mode and optoelectronic induction method.Wherein track of sun calculating method mainly has and calculates track of sun using astronomic knowledge, will too
The programming system of positive track input solar tracking system, solar tracking system carry out system by process control and adjust tracking,
Deficiency is that astronomical calculating process is more complicated, and astronomical calculate of diverse geographic location installation solar tracking system application has calculating
Error, particularly with the more demanding system of solar tracking accuracy, it is difficult to ensure that the real-time and precise of its tracking.
GPS positioning method needs the program of tracking system to read GPS circuitry signal, when obtaining local longitude, latitude and date
The information such as quarter successively calculate position of sun and are tracked, and the error which has positioning and calculate precisely wants solar tracking
The apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar asked is difficult to meet, and simultaneously for Special geographical positions such as mountain areas, the more difficult covering of GPS signal is difficult
Special geographical position application.
Optoelectronic induction method mainly applies photosensitive elements sense sunlight incident intensity to draw because of the variation of angle of incidence of sunlight
The difference risen measures comparison, so that tracking system be driven to be adjusted check and correction, to eliminate the difference of incident intensity, or chases after
Seeking sensing largest light intensity is the standard of tracking calibration, and the benefit of the method is not limited by longitude, latitude and geographical pattern, example
As patent " sunlight optical fibre illuminator " (application number 01113529.8) using four-quadrant photovoltaic detector track the sun, but
It has some disadvantages, when sunlight focal spot deviates the center of four-quadrant, four-quadrant is only capable of providing the general direction information of deviation,
Can not obtain deviation specific value and accurate direction, while when the off-centered irrelevance of focal spot is smaller, i.e., sunlight enters
When penetrating low-angle deviation, due to the limitation of itself sensitivity of the physical error and photovoltaic panel of four-quadrant photovoltaic panel, four-quadrant photovoltaic
Detector is difficult sensitive sensing, therefore precisely adjustment tracking difficult to realize when this method is for sunlight incidence low-angle deviation
Effect.
Sun tracing system equally based on optoelectronic induction principle also has the intensity using light sensing panel sense sunlight
The gradually smaller effect with the increase of incident angle, to be the mark that tracking is calibrated with light sensing panel senses light intensity maximum value
Standard, such as patent " sunlight tracing system, apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar and sunlight method for tracing " (application number
201611187714.3), this method elaborates fine adjusting method and step when coping with sunlight incidence low-angle deviation, specially
When the light intensity variation tendency that the light sensing panel of tracing system measures persistently dies down, the controller control driving dress of tracing system
It sets and is converted to antiport, until the light intensity variation tendency that light sensing panel measures is to be changed by force continuously to die down by lasting change,
Judge to follow spot in place with this.Such methods mainly have that two o'clock is insufficient, and first, only consider the light intensity of sunlight direct light, radiation
Light intensity to light sensing panel is the relationship with incidence angle at cosine function, is the low-angle model near 0 ° in angle of incidence of sunlight
In enclosing, incident intensity variation is unobvious, i.e., the light intensity maximum of sunlight incidence when, close on low-angle deviation in incidence angle for 0 °
Interior, light intensity is steadily smooth, rather than sharp peaks, so this is high to the sensor system sensitivity requirement of senses light intensity, at
This lower common photovoltaic panel is extremely difficult to the requirement of this high sensitivity, therefore such methods are still small to angle of incidence of sunlight
It is difficult precisely to proofread tracking in practical applications when angular deviation；In addition, the process from light sensing panel sensing largest light intensity can
To see, the standard for finally judging to follow spot in place as the light intensity variation tendency that sensor measures is changed by force continuously by lasting change
It dies down, is judged to follow spot in place with this, it is clear that for method there are inherent variability, light tracing system judges that light intensity maximum value obtains the obvious mistake in position
The true bearing of maximum value, therefore this method is there are intrinsic low-angle deviation, this is to requiring precisely to track sun system
System is difficult to be applicable in.
Summary of the invention
One main purpose of the utility model is for the above-mentioned prior art, the defect of method, at least for one kind
Defect provides a kind of system of high precision tracking sun, while pursuing the cost effective of this system.
Another main purpose of the utility model is for the above-mentioned prior art, the defect of method, at least for one
Kind defect, provides a kind of device of high precision tracking sun.
For the purpose for realizing above-mentioned utility model, the utility model adopts the following technical solution:
One aspect according to the present utility model provides a kind of solar tracking system, its spy of the solar tracking system
Sign is, including sensor unit, controller unit, actuator unit, machine assembly, the sensor unit be fixed on it is double from
By in degree light receiving plate, the double freedom light receiving plate is a component of machine assembly, the sensor unit sense sunlight
Incidence angle drift angle converts voltage signal for light intensity signal and is transferred to controller unit, and controller unit controls actuator unit,
Actuator unit drives machine assembly, and the double freedom light receiving plate component for adjusting machine assembly carries out tracking solar motion, described
Sensor unit have a rack and rinion adjustment and adjuster, the rack and rinion adjustment can be inclined to angle of incidence of sunlight wide-angle
It is sensed when poor, and converts voltage signal for the light intensity signal received and input to controller unit, the controller
Unit controls actuator unit, and the actuator unit drives machine assembly, the machine assembly adjustment double freedom by
Tabula rasa carries out coarse adjustment and tracks the sun, and the adjuster senses when can be to angle of incidence of sunlight low-angle deviation, and
Voltage signal is converted by the light intensity signal received and inputs to controller unit, and the controller unit controls driver list
Member, the driving unit drive machine assembly, and the machine assembly adjustment double freedom light receiving plate carries out accurate adjustment tracking too
Rack and rinion adjustment described in sun is included in adjuster, and the rack and rinion adjustment all components are the members of adjuster,
The sensor unit includes light intensity sensing panel, and the light intensity sensing panel is photovoltaic panel or photoresistor array or light
Electric diode.
An embodiment according to the present utility model, wherein the light intensity sensing panel includes two groups of light intensity sensing plates,
First group of light intensity sensing it is characterized in that, plate be the first light intensity sensing panel and the second light intensity sensing panel, second group of light intensity sensing
Plate is third light intensity sensing panel and the 4th light intensity sensing panel, the first light intensity sensing panel and the second light intensity sensing face
Plate is arranged on the light-receiving surface of the double freedom light receiving plate, the first light intensity sensing panel and the second light intensity sense
It surveys panel parallel to be arranged symmetrically in double freedom light receiving plate X direction, the first light intensity sensing panel and the second light intensity sense
It surveys panel to be arranged at right angle angle on the light-receiving surface of double freedom light receiving plate, the first light intensity sensing panel and the second light
Strong sensing panel is arranged on the light-receiving surface of double freedom light receiving plate with double freedom light receiving plate angle at 45 ° respectively, and described the
Three light intensity sensing panels and the 4th light intensity sensing panel are arranged on the light-receiving surface of the double freedom light receiving plate, described
Third light intensity sensing panel and the 4th light intensity sensing panel parallel arranged in double freedom light receiving plate y direction, described the
Three light intensity sensing panels and the 4th light intensity sensing panel are arranged on the light-receiving surface of double freedom light receiving plate at right angle angle, described
Third light intensity sensing panel and the 4th light intensity sensing panel be arranged in double freedom with double freedom light receiving plate angle at 45 ° respectively
On the light-receiving surface of light receiving plate, the light intensity sensing panel is photovoltaic panel, the first light intensity sensing panel, the second light intensity sense
Panel is surveyed, third light intensity sensing panel and the 4th light intensity sensing panel are four pieces of congruent isosceles trapezoid panels, the isosceles
Trapezoidal base angle size isThe right side stringcourse of the first light intensity sensing panel and third light intensity sensing panel
Left side stringcourse is overlapped insulation splicing, the left side stringcourse weight of the right side stringcourse of third light intensity sensing panel and the second light intensity sensing panel
Insulation splicing is closed, the right side stringcourse of the second light intensity sensing panel is overlapped insulation with the left side stringcourse of the 4th light intensity sensing panel and spells
It connects, the right side stringcourse of the 4th light intensity sensing panel is overlapped insulation splicing with the left side stringcourse of the first light intensity sensing panel, and group is pairs of
The vertical positive truncated rectangular pyramids light intensity sensing unit in face.
An embodiment according to the present utility model, wherein the light intensity sensing panel includes two groups of light intensity sensing plates,
Two groups of light intensity sensing board groups positive truncated rectangular pyramids light intensity sensing unit vertical at opposite, the positive truncated rectangular pyramids light intensity sensing
Unit and the filter piece for reducing light intensity constitute rack and rinion adjustment, and the rack and rinion adjustment can be in angle of incidence of sunlight wide-angle deviation
When at least one set light intensity sensing panel in two pieces of light intensity sensing panels receive sunlight light intensity have differences, two groups of light
Strong sensing plate converts voltage signal and input controller unit for light intensity signal respectively, the in two groups of light intensity sensing plates
Light intensity signal is converted voltage signal input controller unit by one group of light intensity sensing plate, and controller unit controls driver list
Member, the actuator unit control double freedom light receiving plate are rotated in the first freedom degree；Two groups of light intensity senses
Light intensity signal is converted voltage signal input controller unit by second group of light intensity sensing plate in drafting board, and controller unit control is driven
Dynamic device unit, the actuator unit control double freedom light receiving plate are rotated in the second freedom degree, realize sunlight
The coarse adjustment of incident wide-angle deviation tracks.
An embodiment according to the present utility model, wherein the adjuster application optical lever mode carries out sun essence
Quasi- tracking, the optical lever are to convert sunlight incidence low-angle deviation to convergence bloom strong beam big displacement deflection, institute
The adjuster stated includes the lens group for converging sunray, the reflection microscope group of reflection light, the shielding plate to shut out the light, reduction
The positive truncated rectangular pyramids light intensity sensing unit of the filter piece of light intensity and the opposite vertically, the lens group of the adjuster are two
Piece convex lens, the reflection microscope group are two pieces of plane mirrors, and the shielding plate is that one piece in two pieces of plane mirrors is flat
Face mirror, the filter piece are semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens, the two panels convex lens key light overlapping of axles arrangement, the two panels convex lens
Primary optical axis where pass straight through first piece of plane mirror of two pieces of plane mirrors, first piece of plane mirror and described
The primary optical axis of two panels convex lens angle at 45 °, second piece of plane mirror of two pieces of plane mirrors are arranged in the opposite and hang down
Right above straight positive truncated rectangular pyramids light intensity sensing unit, second piece of plane mirror of two pieces of plane mirrors and two pieces of planes
First piece of first piece of flat mirror parallel of mirror, second piece of plane mirror of two pieces of plane mirrors and two pieces of plane mirrors
Straight line where the center of plane mirror is vertical with the primary optical axis of two panels convex lens, and the shielding plate is described two pieces flat
Second piece of plane mirror in the mirror of face, the semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens are arranged in the vertical positive truncated rectangular pyramids light intensity sensing list in the opposite
Right above first, the semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens are arranged in the underface of second piece of plane mirror in two pieces of plane mirrors.
An embodiment according to the present utility model, wherein the controller unit receives the sensor unit
Rack and rinion adjustment or the voltage signal of adjuster output control the driving unit, machine assembly operating or suspend mode.
Another aspect according to the present utility model, a kind of realization device of solar tracking system are applied to solar tracking system
System.The solar tracking system includes sensor unit, controller unit, actuator unit, machine assembly.The sensor
Unit is fixed in double freedom light receiving plate, and the double freedom light receiving plate is a component of machine assembly.The sensing
Device unit includes two groups of light intensity sensing plates, and first group of light intensity sensing plate includes the first light intensity sense in two groups of light intensity sensing plates
It surveys panel and the second light intensity sensing panel, first group of light intensity sensing plate and second group of light intensity sensing plate passes through control respectively
Device unit, actuator unit control the double freedom light receiving plate independently rotate in two freedom degrees.Described first group
Light intensity sensing plate includes the first light intensity sensing panel and the second light intensity sensing panel, and second group of light intensity sensing plate includes the
Three light intensity sensing panels and the 4th light intensity sensing panel；The first light intensity sensing panel and the second light intensity sensing panel are distinguished
It is arranged on the light-receiving surface of the double freedom light receiving plate, the first light intensity sensing panel and the second light intensity sensing panel
It is parallel to double freedom light receiving plate X direction arrangement, the first light intensity sensing panel and the second light intensity sensing panel Cheng Zhi
Angle angle is arranged on the light-receiving surface of double freedom light receiving plate, the first light intensity sensing panel and the second light intensity sensing panel
It is arranged on the light-receiving surface of double freedom light receiving plate with double freedom light receiving plate angle at 45 ° respectively.The third light intensity sensing
Panel and the 4th light intensity sensing panel are arranged on the light-receiving surface of the double freedom light receiving plate, the third light intensity
It senses panel and the 4th light intensity sensing panel parallel to arrange in double freedom light receiving plate y direction, the third light intensity sensing
Panel and the 4th light intensity sensing panel are arranged on the light-receiving surface of double freedom light receiving plate at right angle angle, the third light intensity
Sensing panel and the 4th light intensity sensing panel be arranged in respectively with double freedom light receiving plate angle at 45 ° double freedom light receiving plate by
In smooth surface.The sensor unit includes the lens group for converging sunray, the reflection microscope group of reflection light, shuts out the light
Shielding plate, the filter piece for reducing light intensity.
The sun tracker, including rack and rinion adjustment and adjuster:
When the rack and rinion adjustment is applied to sunlight incidence wide-angle deviation, in light intensity sensing plate described at least one set
Two pieces of light intensity sensing panels receive sunlight light intensity have differences, two groups of light intensity sensing panels are respectively by light intensity signal
It is converted into voltage number and input controller unit, first group of light intensity sensing plate is by light intensity signal in two groups of light intensity sensing plates
It is converted into voltage signal input controller unit, controller unit controls actuator unit, actuator unit control pair
Freedom degree light receiving plate is rotated in the first freedom degree；Second group of light intensity sensing panel in two groups of light intensity sensing panels
Voltage signal input controller unit is converted by light intensity signal, controller unit controls actuator unit, actuator unit control
The system double freedom light receiving plate is rotated in the second freedom degree, realize the coarse adjustment of sunlight incidence wide-angle deviation with
Track.
When the adjuster is applied to sunlight incidence low-angle deviation, the sensor unit it is described saturating
Microscope group converges bloom strong beam, reflects via the reflection microscope group, extends the light path of bloom strong beam, by angle of incidence of sunlight
Low-angle deviation be converted into the hot spot big displacement offset that the bloom strong beam is penetrated on the light intensity sensing panel, shape
At optical lever.Two pieces of light intensity sensing panels in two groups of light intensity sensing plates in light intensity sensing plate described at least one set connect
It receives sunlight light intensity to have differences, receives the bloom strong beam for one piece in two pieces of light intensity sensing panels, it is another
Block is blocked by the shielding plate, and there are larger differences for the light intensity signal for causing two pieces of light intensity sensing panels to be connected to.Institute
The two groups of light intensity sensing plates stated convert voltage number and input controller unit, two groups of light intensity senses for light intensity signal respectively
Light intensity signal is converted voltage signal input controller unit by first group of light intensity sensing plate in drafting board, and controller unit control is driven
Dynamic device unit, the actuator unit control double freedom light receiving plate are rotated in the first freedom degree；Described two groups
Light intensity signal is converted voltage signal input controller unit, controller unit by second group of light intensity sensing plate in light intensity sensing plate
Actuator unit is controlled, the actuator unit control double freedom light receiving plate is rotated in the second freedom degree, until
First light intensity sensing panel, the second light intensity sensing panel, third light intensity sensing panel and the 4th light intensity sensing panel connects
The sunlight incident intensity of receipts is identical, and the double freedom light receiving plate is stopped rotating, and the solar tracking system traces into
The accurate adjustment tracking of sunlight incidence low-angle deviation is realized in position.
As shown from the above technical solution, the advantages of solar tracking system and device of the utility model, is: solar tracking
Adjuster in include rack and rinion adjustment, not two sets independent devices, this is designed in system and when assembly is more intensive.Together
When rack and rinion adjustment be applied to sunlight incidence wide-angle deviation when, the sensitivity of light intensity sensing panel is differentiated enough；In sunlight
When low-angle deviation, using feed rod rod principle, the bloom strong beam of sunlight convergence is converted by sunlight low-angle deviation
Big displacement offset causes light intensity sensing panel received light intensity in part to increase, and the light intensity sensing panel of opposite side is blocked piece
Block, received light intensity decreasing, thus amplification due to sunlight low-angle deviation bring sunlight incident intensity difference,
Overcome the lower deficiency of itself sensitivity of light intensity sensing panel, realizes the calibration tracking of sunlight incidence low-angle deviation.
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing is only the qualitative diagram of demonstration of the utility model, not cured single real system device, and not one
It surely is drawn to scale.In the accompanying drawings, same appended drawing reference always shows same or similar component, in which:
Fig. 1 is a kind of solar tracking system application apparatus structural schematic diagram shown according to an illustrative embodiments.
Fig. 2 is sensor unit component and structure in a kind of solar tracking system shown according to an illustrative embodiments
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is 4 pieces of light intensity of sensor unit in a kind of solar tracking system shown according to an illustrative embodiments
Sense the schematic diagram of panel top view；
Fig. 4 is sensor unit in a kind of solar tracking system shown according to an illustrative embodiments, is entered in the sun
The light intensity sensing panel of sensor unit receives sunlight ray schematic diagram when penetrating wide angular deviation；
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of angle of incidence of sunlight degree；
When Fig. 6 is the solar tracking system alignment sun, the light schematic diagram of sunlight normal incidence sensor unit；
Fig. 7 be solar tracking system tiltedly to the sun when, when low-angle deviation occurs in light relative sensors unit, sunlight is penetrated
Enter the light schematic diagram of sensor unit.
Specific embodiment
Now will be by the way that example embodiment be described more fully with referring to attached drawing, and actual example embodiment can be with more
Kind form is implemented, and is not construed as being limited only to embodiment set forth herein；On the contrary, providing these embodiments
Example make the utility model more full and complete, while more easily by the principles of the present invention, design, design
And implement to be communicated to those skilled in the art understandablely comprehensively.
The structural schematic diagram of the utility model solar tracking system as shown in Figure 1:, 1 is sensor unit, and 11 be double free
Light receiving plate is spent, 15 be controller unit, and 13 be that (first freely in the driving double freedom light receiving plate horizontal plane of actuator unit
Degree, similarly hereinafter) rotation stepper motor, 14 be actuator unit driving double freedom light receiving plate carry out pitching (the second freedom degree,
Similarly hereinafter) the stepper motor rotated, 12 be the Trident Type u-bracket in the machine assembly of solar tracking system.
The solar tracking system of the utility model will be received by 1 sense sunlight incidence angle drift angle of sensor unit
Light intensity signal be converted into voltage signal and input to controller unit 15, controller unit 15 by comparing input voltage signal
Switch order needed for making driver, when the switch order that controller unit 15 inputs to actuator unit is provisioning instruction
When, while the instruction of the stepper motor rotation direction of actuator unit can be inputed to, actuator unit passes through stepper motor 13
Driving, thus driving and the affixed horizontal gear 17 of Trident Type u-bracket 12, to drive Trident Type u-bracket 12 in level
It is rotated on face, adjustment double freedom light receiving plate 11 is directed toward the angle of the sun in horizontal plane freedom degree direction；Driver list
Member drives screw rod 18 by stepper motor 14, to drive the landing of thread slider 25, realizes driving double freedom light receiving plate 11
Rotation in pitch freedom direction is directed toward the angle of the sun in pitch freedom direction so as to adjust double freedom light receiving plate 11
Degree.
When the normal of double freedom light receiving plate 11 and solar incident ray it is not parallel when, i.e., solar incident ray relatively it is double from
By the normal direction of degree light receiving plate 11 there are when drift angle, the controller unit 15 of solar tracking system receives sensor unit 1
The voltage deviation signal of input, controller unit 15 will input to actuator unit provisioning instruction, and driver will adjust double free
Light receiving plate 11 is rotated in horizontal plane freedom degree direction and to the direction of the face sun on pitch freedom direction, when double
When the 11 face sun of freedom degree light receiving plate, controller unit 15 inputs to actuator unit out code, the step of actuator unit
It shuts down into the entrance of motor 13 or 14, dormant state.
As shown in figure 5, ON is the normal of double freedom light receiving plate, PO is illustrated as the incident ray of sunlight, and ∠ PON is too
Positive angle of incidence of light.
The light intensity sensing component of the sensor unit 1 of the solar tracking system and device of the utility model is by four pieces of light intensity
Sensing face board group is at four pieces of light intensity sensing panels in this example are the photovoltaic panel of four pieces of congruent isosceles-trapezium-shapeds, isosceles ladder
The base angle size of shape photovoltaic panel isThe right side stringcourse of isosceles trapezoid photovoltaic panel 2 and the left side of isosceles trapezoid photovoltaic panel 4
Stringcourse is overlapped insulation splicing, and the right side stringcourse of isosceles trapezoid photovoltaic panel 4 is overlapped insulation with the left side stringcourse of isosceles trapezoid photovoltaic panel 3
Splicing, the right side stringcourse of isosceles trapezoid photovoltaic panel 3 are overlapped insulation splicing, isosceles ladder with the left side stringcourse of isosceles trapezoid photovoltaic panel 5
The right side stringcourse of shape photovoltaic panel 5 is overlapped insulation splicing, four pieces of congruent isosceles trapezoids with the left side stringcourse of isosceles trapezoid photovoltaic panel 2
Photovoltaic panel composition photovoltaic panel 2 is opposite and vertical with photovoltaic panel 3, and the opposite opposite and vertical with photovoltaic panel 5 of photovoltaic panel 4 is vertical
Positive truncated rectangular pyramids light intensity sensing unit.Four pieces of photovoltaic panels are respectively with double freedom light receiving plate 11 angulation, 45 ° of devices in double freedom
The side of the X direction of light receiving plate 11.Photovoltaic panel 4 as shown in Figure 2 is with photovoltaic panel 5 along the transversal line of double freedom light receiving plate 11
Device is on the rectangular platform in the right side of double freedom light receiving plate 11；Photovoltaic panel 2 and photovoltaic panel 3 are parallel to double freedom photovoltaic panel 11
Longitudinal axis line apparatus is in double freedom light receiving plate 11.
As shown in figure 3,1 exemplary four piece of photovoltaic panel structure of sensor unit in the utility model solar tracking system and device
At the vertical positive truncated rectangular pyramids light intensity sensing unit in opposite top view, the vertical positive truncated rectangular pyramids light intensity in the opposite of four pieces of photovoltaic panels composition
The rack and rinion adjustment of the semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 10 of sensing unit and its surface device composition sensor unit.
As shown in figure 4, when wide-angle deviation occurs in angle of incidence of sunlight, the sensor list of solar tracking system and device
The light intensity sensing panel of member 1 receives the schematic diagram of sunlight, such as photovoltaic panel 5 receives direct light and the part of the part sun
By the sunlight that semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens transmit, the received sunlight of photovoltaic panel 4 is the transmitted light by semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens, and too
Sunlight is smaller with respect to the incidence angle of photovoltaic panel 5, and the incidence angle of opposite photovoltaic panel 4 is larger, therefore the received light intensity of photovoltaic panel 5 is obvious
Greater than the received light intensity of photovoltaic panel 4, the voltage of 5 photoelectric conversion of photovoltaic panel is significantly greater than the voltage of 4 photoelectric conversion of photovoltaic panel, photovoltaic
The voltage signal that plate 5 and photovoltaic panel 4 export respectively inputs to controller unit, carries out the coarse adjustment tracking of solar tracking system.
As shown in Fig. 2, in 1 exemplary construction of sensor unit of the utility model solar tracking system and device, convex lens
6, convex lens 7, plane mirror 8, plane mirror 9, semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 10 and photovoltaic panel 2, photovoltaic panel 4, photovoltaic panel 3, photovoltaic panel 5 are composition
The main element of adjuster.
As shown in Fig. 2, in 1 exemplary construction of sensor unit of the utility model solar tracking system and device, convex lens
6, convex lens 7 and plane mirror 8 pass through lens barrel or holder device in the left side fang platform on 11 transversal line of double freedom light receiving plate,
It is passed straight through in plane mirror 8 where the primary optical axis of the key light overlapping of axles of convex lens 6 and convex lens 7, convex lens 6 and convex lens 7
The heart, convex lens 6 is parallel with double freedom light receiving plate 11 with the mirror surface of convex lens 7, plane mirror 8 and 11 angulation of double freedom light receiving plate
45°。
As shown in Fig. 2, in 1 exemplary construction of sensor unit of the utility model solar tracking system and device, plane mirror 9
By bracket or body tube device in the surface of the vertical positive truncated rectangular pyramids light intensity sensing unit in the opposite that four pieces of photovoltaic panels form, plane
The center of mirror 9 and the straight line where the center of plane mirror 10 are vertical with convex lens 6, the primary optical axis place straight line of convex lens 7, put down
45 ° of face mirror 9 and 11 angulation of double freedom light receiving plate.
As shown in Fig. 2, in 1 exemplary construction of sensor unit of the utility model solar tracking system, semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 10
Device is in the surface of the vertical positive truncated rectangular pyramids light intensity sensing unit in the opposite that four pieces of photovoltaic panels form, the underface of plane mirror 9.This
At least there are three effects for semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 10 in the sensor unit 1 of utility model solar tracking system: effect is first is that weaken
Sunlight is incident on the light intensity on photovoltaic panel 2 or 3 or 4 or 5, prevent photovoltaic panel sunlight with respect to double freedom light receiving plate 11 just
Luminous energy saturation is received before incident, to influence its sensitivity to light intensity variation；Effect is second is that for weakening via via convex lens
The high light intensity sunlight light beam light intensity that mirror 6 and convex lens 7 converge, protects photovoltaic panel, even if while receiving photovoltaic panel
When the high light intensity sunlight light beam converged via convex lens 6 and convex lens 7, it is still within and receives that luminous energy is close or unsaturated shape
State guarantees the sensitivity of the photoelectric yield of photovoltaic panel；Effect is third is that solar tracking system is in sun incident light wide-angle deviation
When the coarse adjustment state of Shi Jinhang, photovoltaic panel biggish for sunray incidence angle plays interception, to increase sunlight
The lesser photovoltaic panel of incidence angle and the biggish photovoltaic panel of angle of incidence of sunlight receive the difference of luminous energy, promote the sensitive of coarse tuning system
Degree.
As shown in fig. 6, when sunray is parallel to the normal direction incidence of double freedom light receiving plate 11, i.e. sunray
11 when perpendicular to double freedom light receiving plate incidence, the light that photovoltaic panel 4 receives direct sunlight with photovoltaic panel 5 symmetrically and evenly divides
Cloth, photovoltaic panel 4 are equal with the direct sunlight light intensity that photovoltaic panel 5 receives；When sunray is parallel to 11 light receiving plate of double freedom
Normal direction incidence when, plane mirror 9 is used as shielding plate, the sunlight direct line blocked for photovoltaic panel 4 and photovoltaic panel 5
Symmetrical, plane mirror 9 is symmetrical with photovoltaic panel 5 with respect to photovoltaic 4 in the shadow for blocking the formation of direct sunlight line as shielding plate
Distribution；When sunray is parallel to the normal direction incidence of double freedom light receiving plate 11, sunray via convex lens 6 with it is convex
The convergence of lens 7 forms high light intensity collimated light beam, and Gao Guangqiang collimated light beam is via 8 transmission and reflection of plane mirror to plane mirror 9, via flat
For 9 transmission and reflection of face mirror to semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 10, the opposite for transmiting injection four pieces of photovoltaic panels composition via semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 10 is vertical
In the center empty well of positive truncated rectangular pyramids light intensity sensing unit, i.e., bloom strong beam does not inject any one piece of four pieces of photovoltaic panels.Therefore
When sunray is parallel to the normal direction incidence of double freedom light receiving plate 11, sun light intensity pair that four pieces of photovoltaic panels receive
Title is uniformly distributed, and the luminous energy that four pieces of photovoltaic panels receive is equal, and the drive system of solar tracking system is in close state.
As shown in fig. 7, when sunray and double freedom by 11 tabula rasas at low-angle deviation when, solar tracking system carry out
Accurate adjustment tracks the sun.Solar incident ray is for example shown in Fig. 7 at this time, the direct sunlight that photovoltaic panel 4 and photovoltaic panel 5 receive
Light is unevenly distributed, and shows as the direct light that 5 a part of photovoltaic panel receives sunlight, and a part is received by semi-transparent half
The sunlight that anti-mirror 10 transmits, photovoltaic panel 4 are blocked by plane mirror 9, are in plane mirror 9 and are kept the sun off the shadow area to be formed
It is interior, therefore receive that direct sunlight is less, a small amount of direct sunlight and incidence angle are received with respect to photovoltaic panel 5 even if having
Incident light bigger than normal, and these light all pass through semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens transmission 10, and light intensity weakens significantly；By convex lens 6 with
The bloom strong beam that convex lens 7 converges extends the light path of bloom strong beam, simultaneously via the reflection of plane mirror 8 and plane mirror 9
By after the low-angle offset for the high light intensity collimated light beam that convex lens 6 and convex lens 7 converge is extended through light path, it is converted into throwing
The high light intensity hot spot big displacement offset being mapped in photovoltaic panel, therefore high light intensity hot spot is biased to photovoltaic panel 5 and is projected；Therefore in sunlight
In the case where incident low-angle deviation, the sun light distribution that the photovoltaic panel of sensor unit receives is obviously uneven, photovoltaic
Plate, which receives luminous energy, can also generate larger difference, generate the voltage signal of more notable difference, input to controller unit 15, thus
Triggering driver switch enters opening state, and solar tracking system enters accurate adjustment calibration tracking sun state, until double freedom
When the 11 face sun of photovoltaic panel, drive system enters closing and dormant state.
The innovative point of the utility model solar tracking system and device is, when sunlight incidence wide-angle deviation, passes through
Pairs of photovoltaic panel vertical angle device causes the incidence angle of sun light inlet side photovoltaic panel much smaller than sunlight incidence to sidelight
The incidence angle of plate is lied prostrate, while the photovoltaic panel of the larger side of incidence angle is larger by semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens shielding surface, from not changing photovoltaic
Under the premise of the original physics luminous sensitivity of plate, hence it is evident that change the difference that pairs of photovoltaic panel receives sunlight light intensity, therefore promoted
The sensitivity of the coarse adjustment state of the sensor unit of entire solar tracking system.
The innovative point of the utility model solar tracking system and device also resides in, and when sunlight incidence low-angle deviation, leads to
It crosses convex systems to converge large area incident sunlight for bloom strong beam, extends the light path of bloom strong beam using optical lever,
Dexterously the big displacement projected in photovoltaic panel that sunlight low-angle deviation is converted into bloom strong beam is deviated, so that four pieces
Photovoltaic panel asymmetrically receives bloom strong beam, and side photovoltaic panel is caused to receive bloom strong beam, and opposite side photovoltaic panel quilt
Shielding plate blocks, this photovoltaic panel for allowing for receiving bloom strong beam while the direct light that can also receive the sun, without
It receives the photovoltaic panel of bloom strong beam simultaneously and the piece that is blocked blocks, and blocked by semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens, thus caused,
In sun incident light low-angle deviation, pairs of photovoltaic panel, side can receive direct sunlight while can also receive
The bloom strong beam converged by convex lens group, and the photovoltaic panel of opposite side is in the shadow region of plane mirror and semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens,
Under the premise of the luminous sensitivity for not changing photovoltaic panel, increases pairs of photovoltaic panel when sunlight incidence low-angle deviation and receive light
Strong greatest differences improve the sensitivity of the photosensitive drift angle of the sensor unit of solar tracking system, so that solar tracking system
System can delicately carry out accurate adjustment calibration in sunlight low-angle deviation, complete the accurate face sun of solar tracking system.
As shown in Figure 1,15 example of the utility model solar tracking system controller unit, which is embodied as voltage, compares switch, control
Device unit 15 processed has two-way voltage to compare switch, all the way the voltage of photovoltaic panel 4 Yu photovoltaic panel 5 output of receiving sensor unit 1
Signal carries out the comparison of this two-way voltage, judge two-way voltage difference whether be more than setting a reference value, if it exceeds benchmark
Value exports to the signal of actuator unit opening state, while judging two-way voltage which is bigger than normal, is based on this controller unit
It exports to the trigger signal of 13 direction of rotation of stepper motor of actuator unit, stepper motor 13 drives worm screw 16,16 band of worm screw
Dynamic gear wheel 17, so that being drivingly connected the affixed Trident Type u-bracket 12 of axis 28 carries out the rotation in horizontal plane freedom degree；
The voltage signal that the another way of controller unit 15 compares the photovoltaic panel 2 of switch receiving sensor unit 1 and photovoltaic panel 3 exports,
The comparison for carrying out this two-way voltage, judge two-way voltage difference whether be more than setting a reference value, if it exceeds a reference value, defeated
Out to the signal of actuator unit opening state, while judging two-way voltage which is bigger than normal, it is defeated based on this controller unit 15
Out to the trigger signal of 14 direction of rotation of the stepper motor of actuator unit, stepper motor 14 drives screw rod 18, and screw rod 18 drives
Thread slider 25, so that double freedom light receiving plate 11 be driven to be rotated in pitch freedom direction.
For the flexible smoothness of the mechanical system of guarantee solar tracking system, it is provided with rotary shaft connection end bearing and connects
It connects, the other end of the exemplary construction of the solar tracking system as shown in Fig. 1, the worm screw 16 connecting with stepper motor 13 passes through bearing
30 connect with vertical plate；The vertical axes 28 of affixed Trident Type u-bracket are connect by bearing 26 with 29 upper mounted plate of pedestal, and axis is passed through
27 are held to connect with the bottom plate of pedestal 29；Stepper motor 14 is vertical with Trident Type u-bracket 12 by shaft and bearing 23
Bracket 24 connects, and smooth adaptation system perspective adjustment may be implemented, and thread slider 25 passes through shaft and bearing 22 and double freedom
Light receiving plate 11 connects, and smooth adaptation system perspective adjustment may be implemented；Double free light receiving plates 11 are by shaft and are mounted on trident
The bearing 21 at 12 horizontal arm both ends of type U type bracket connects, and the smooth rotation of double freedom light receiving plate 11 may be implemented.
The utility model solar tracking system and device can be applied to apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar, can also see using astronomical
The fields such as survey, but it is not limited to these fields.The utility model solar tracking system and method are applied in apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar
When, such as photovoltaic power generation plate is installed in double freedom light receiving plate, it is precisely tracked by the sun, so that the real-time face of photovoltaic panel is too
Sun promotes the incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency of photovoltaic system so that the luminous efficiency moment keeps maximum；Such as pacify in double freedom light receiving plate
Condenser is filled, is precisely tracked by the sun, so that the central axis moment of condenser is directed toward the sun, guarantees the photo-thermal of maximal efficiency
Conversion, photoelectric conversion.
To sum up, a kind of solar tracking system and device of the utility model, in the premise for not utilizing accurate photosensitive sensor
Under, sunlight incidence drift angle is converted by the method with optical lever as senses light intensity sensor using common photovoltaic panel
For the deflection of bloom strong beam big displacement, enhance the incident intensity and luminous energy of a part of photovoltaic panel, while application shielding plate and semi-transparent
Semi-reflective mirror blocks the incident intensity for weakening opposite side photovoltaic panel, increases pairs of photovoltaic panel and receives light-intensity difference, to promote normal light
Lie prostrate sensitivity of the plate as the sensing incident light line drift angle of sensor unit.
The method and principle of feature, structure or characteristic described in this specification and utilization can be in any suitable manner
It is incorporated in one or more embodiments.Described function element can also be substituted with the other elements of identical function.?
In above description, many details are provided to provide and be more fully understood to the embodiments of the present invention.
However, those skilled in the art, which will realize, can practice the technical solution of the utility model without the specific detail
In it is one or more, or can be using other structures, method, component, element and material etc., in other cases, no
Known features, method, component, element and material or operation is shown or described in detail to avoid each of fuzzy the utility model
Aspect.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of solar tracking system and device, the solar tracking system and device be it is characterised in that it includes sensor unit,
Controller unit, actuator unit, machine assembly, the sensor unit are fixed in double freedom light receiving plate, and described pair certainly
It is a component of machine assembly, the sensor unit sense sunlight incidence angle drift angle, by light intensity signal by degree light receiving plate
It is converted into voltage signal and is transferred to controller unit, controller unit controls actuator unit, and actuator unit driving is mechanical single
Member, the double freedom light receiving plate component for adjusting machine assembly carry out tracking solar motion, and the sensor unit is thick with one
Device and adjuster are adjusted, the rack and rinion adjustment senses when can be to angle of incidence of sunlight wide-angle deviation, and will connect
The light intensity signal received is converted into voltage signal and inputs to controller unit, and the controller unit controls actuator unit,
The actuator unit drives machine assembly, and the machine assembly adjustment double freedom light receiving plate carries out coarse adjustment tracking too
Sun, the light intensity signal that the adjuster is sensed when can be to angle of incidence of sunlight low-angle deviation, and will be received
It is converted into voltage signal and inputs to controller unit, the controller unit controls actuator unit, the driver list
Member driving machine assembly, the machine assembly adjustment double freedom light receiving plate carry out rack and rinion adjustment described in the accurate adjustment tracking sun
Included in adjuster, the rack and rinion adjustment all components are the members of adjuster, the sensor unit
Including light intensity sensing panel, the light intensity sensing panel is photovoltaic panel or photoresistor array or photodiode.
2. solar tracking system according to claim 1 and device, which is characterized in that the light intensity sensing panel includes
Two groups of light intensity sensing plates, first group of light intensity sensing it is characterized in that, plate be the first light intensity sensing panel and the second light intensity sensing panel,
Second group of light intensity sensing plate is third light intensity sensing panel and the 4th light intensity sensing panel, the first light intensity sensing panel and
Second light intensity sensing panel is arranged on the light-receiving surface of the double freedom light receiving plate, the first light intensity sensing face
Plate is arranged symmetrically with the second light intensity sensing panel parallel in double freedom light receiving plate X direction, the first light intensity sensing face
Plate and the second light intensity sensing panel are arranged on the light-receiving surface of double freedom light receiving plate at right angle angle, the first light intensity sense
It surveys panel and the second light intensity sensing panel is arranged in the light of double freedom light receiving plate with double freedom light receiving plate angle at 45 ° respectively
On face, the third light intensity sensing panel and the 4th light intensity sensing panel are arranged in the double freedom light receiving plate
On light-receiving surface, the third light intensity sensing panel and the 4th light intensity sensing panel parallel are in double freedom light receiving plate y direction
Arrangement, the third light intensity sensing panel and the 4th light intensity sensing panel are arranged in double freedom light receiving plate at right angle angle
On light-receiving surface, the third light intensity sensing panel and the 4th light intensity sensing panel respectively with double freedom light receiving plate angle at 45 °
It is arranged on the light-receiving surface of double freedom light receiving plate, the light intensity sensing panel is photovoltaic panel, first light intensity sensing
Panel, the second light intensity sensing panel, third light intensity sensing panel and the 4th light intensity sensing panel are four pieces of congruent isosceles trapezoids
The base angle size of panel, the isosceles trapezoid isThe right side stringcourse of the first light intensity sensing panel and
The left side stringcourse of three light intensity sensing panels is overlapped insulation splicing, the right side stringcourse and the second light intensity sensing of third light intensity sensing panel
The left side stringcourse of panel is overlapped insulation splicing, the right side stringcourse of the second light intensity sensing panel and the left side of the 4th light intensity sensing panel
Stringcourse is overlapped insulation splicing, and the right side stringcourse of the 4th light intensity sensing panel is overlapped absolutely with the left side stringcourse of the first light intensity sensing panel
Edge splicing, the vertical positive truncated rectangular pyramids light intensity sensing unit in composition opposite.
3. solar tracking system according to claim 1 and device, which is characterized in that the light intensity sensing panel includes
Two groups of light intensity sensing plates, two groups of light intensity sensing board groups positive truncated rectangular pyramids light intensity sensing unit vertical at opposite are described
Positive truncated rectangular pyramids light intensity sensing unit and the filter piece for reducing light intensity constitute rack and rinion adjustment, and the rack and rinion adjustment can be in sunlight
Two pieces of light intensity sensing panels when incidence angle wide-angle deviation at least one set light intensity sensing panel, which receive sunlight light intensity, to be existed
Difference, two groups of light intensity sensing plates convert voltage signal and input controller unit for light intensity signal respectively, described
Light intensity signal is converted voltage signal input controller unit, controller by first group of light intensity sensing plate in two groups of light intensity sensing plates
Unit controls actuator unit, and the actuator unit control double freedom light receiving plate is rotated in the first freedom degree；
Light intensity signal is converted voltage signal input controller unit by second group of light intensity sensing plate in two groups of light intensity sensing plates,
Controller unit controls actuator unit, and the actuator unit control double freedom light receiving plate carries out in the second freedom degree
The coarse adjustment tracking of sunlight incidence wide-angle deviation is realized in rotation.
4. solar tracking system according to claim 1 and device, which is characterized in that the adjuster application feed rod
Bar mode carries out the sun and precisely tracks, and the optical lever is to convert sunlight incidence low-angle deviation to the high light intensity light of convergence
The deflection of beam big displacement, the adjuster include the lens group for converging sunray, the reflection microscope group of reflection light, shielding light
The shielding plate of line reduces the filter piece of light intensity and the positive truncated rectangular pyramids light intensity sensing unit that the opposite is vertical, the accurate adjustment
The lens group of device is two panels convex lens, and the reflection microscope group is two pieces of plane mirrors, and the shielding plate is described two pieces
One piece of plane mirror in plane mirror, the filter piece are semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens, the two panels convex lens key light overlapping of axles arrangement,
First piece of plane mirror of two pieces of plane mirrors described in being passed straight through where the primary optical axis of the two panels convex lens, described first
The primary optical axis angle at 45 ° of block plane mirror and the two panels convex lens, second piece of plane mirror cloth of two pieces of plane mirrors
It is placed in right above the vertical positive truncated rectangular pyramids light intensity sensing unit in the opposite, second piece of plane mirror of two pieces of plane mirrors
With first piece of flat mirror parallel of two pieces of plane mirrors, second piece of plane mirror and described two of two pieces of plane mirrors
Straight line where the center of first piece of plane mirror of block plane mirror is vertical with the primary optical axis of two panels convex lens, and described blocks
Piece is second piece of plane mirror in two pieces of plane mirrors, and it is vertical just that the semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens are arranged in the opposite
Right above truncated rectangular pyramids light intensity sensing unit, the semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens are arranged in second piece of plane in two pieces of plane mirrors
The underface of mirror.
5. solar tracking system according to claim 1 and device, which is characterized in that the controller unit receives institute
The voltage signal of rack and rinion adjustment or the adjuster output for the sensor unit stated controls the actuator unit, mechanical single
Member operating or suspend mode.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201820847425.XU CN208796113U (en) | 2018-06-03 | 2018-06-03 | Solar tracking system and device |
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| CN201820847425.XU CN208796113U (en) | 2018-06-03 | 2018-06-03 | Solar tracking system and device |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112557326A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-03-26 | 西安鼎研科技股份有限公司 | Multi-axis differential absorption spectrometer measuring device and working method thereof |
| CN112947601A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-11 | 邵阳学院 | Sunlight self-tracking device |
| CN118000138A (en) * | 2024-02-20 | 2024-05-10 | 山东省日照市渔业技术推广站 | Marine aquaculture device |
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2018
- 2018-06-03 CN CN201820847425.XU patent/CN208796113U/en active Active
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112557326A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-03-26 | 西安鼎研科技股份有限公司 | Multi-axis differential absorption spectrometer measuring device and working method thereof |
| CN112557326B (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2023-07-07 | 西安鼎研科技股份有限公司 | Multi-axis differential absorption spectrometer measuring device and working method thereof |
| CN112947601A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-11 | 邵阳学院 | Sunlight self-tracking device |
| CN118000138A (en) * | 2024-02-20 | 2024-05-10 | 山东省日照市渔业技术推广站 | Marine aquaculture device |
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