CN208706130U - With open-topped restricted clearance fire test simulator - Google Patents

With open-topped restricted clearance fire test simulator Download PDF

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Publication number
CN208706130U
CN208706130U CN201820475490.4U CN201820475490U CN208706130U CN 208706130 U CN208706130 U CN 208706130U CN 201820475490 U CN201820475490 U CN 201820475490U CN 208706130 U CN208706130 U CN 208706130U
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chamber
upper layer
fuel
open
topped
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CN201820475490.4U
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Chinese (zh)
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陈潇
陆守香
丁智伟
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University of Science and Technology of China USTC
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University of Science and Technology of China USTC
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Abstract

The utility model discloses one kind to have open-topped restricted clearance fire test simulator, it is the detachable structure supported by chamber support frame that chamber, which is arranged, it is divided into lower chamber and upper layer chamber, lower chamber is closing chamber, upper layer chamber is top opening chamber, upper layer chamber is set as transparent side wall glass, is set as openable chamber door in side in chamber;On upper layer, fuel tray is arranged in chamber bottom center;Smoke evacuation system is set above chamber;In exterior thereto setting video camera to record flow of flue gas process.The utility model directlys adopt pond fire as fire source, can simulate the pressure of natural fire environment next top opening gas generation;By means of flue gas flow field display unit can complete simulation top open part flow of flue gas state and liquid form, and side wall glass can be passed through and clearly monitor whole experiment process and phenomenon;Fuel tray and balance be respectively placed in experimental provision upper layer chamber and lower chamber, measurement data it is accurate and reliable.

Description

With open-topped restricted clearance fire test simulator
Technical field
The utility model relates to technical field of fire hazard safety, have more particularly to one kind open-topped limited Space fire test simulator, for the research to flow of flue gas in open-topped restricted clearance.
Background technique
Recently as the fast development of economic globalization, inexpensive marine trade is had outstanding performance, and pushes directly on boat Transport the development of industry.Power source of the cabin as vessel motion since it is in mechanical equipment intensively, and has combustible It is more, the features such as fuel oil storage level is big, and conductivity of heat is strong, therefore there is higher fire risk.
The place occurred generally according to fire is different, and fire can be divided into open space fire and restricted clearance fire.Top The cabin of portion's horizontal opening is usually used in simulating watercraft engine room or cabin connected up and down as a kind of typical restricted clearance. This kind of cabin does not have the vertical openings such as door and window, is only capable of through top opening and external environment connection.When fire occurs, cabin top The ventilation of portion's opening and smoke discharging effect are limited, and hot fume can not be smoothly discharged in time by horizontal opening, or even in the volume of fire source It flows downward under suction effect, forms reflux.As a result the indoor heat in cabin is caused to be not easy to distribute, temperature steeply rises, and aggravates flame Burning and propagation.The indoor high temperature in cabin and toxicity bring huge difficulty to personnel escape and fighting, fire process consumption it is big Oxygen is measured, can not be supplemented from the external world, easily be made personnel's anoxic and suffocate.
Due to the building structure of open-topped restricted clearance and the particularity of function, so that the theoretical mould in previous building Type not can be used directly in open-topped restricted clearance.Therefore to grinding in terms of flow of flue gas in open-topped restricted clearance Study carefully, is the phenomenon that urgently understanding in Fire Science and ship's fire fighting engineering and rule.For open-topped restricted clearance fire Research, domestic and international some researchers have carried out various forms of experimental studies.Tan and Jaluria is real using salt water modeling The directional problems of platform research open flow are tested, and give the critical pressure difference between bidirectional flow and one-way flow, and pressure difference Increase with the increase of density contrast.But it can not burn with true pond fire in saline experiment in the additional pressure difference of opening The pressure that the flame expansion that situation generates generates is compared, and therefore, the gas of true pond fire environment next top opening is flowed Mode is not clear at present.The Wakatsuki of Univ Maryland-Coll Park USA establishes the cube cabin that side length is 40cm to study Critical oxygen concentration in the pond fire combustion process of top center opening.But due to experiment cabin structure design and video camera etc. The limitation of condition, can not flow of flue gas process to cabin opening and liquid form be observed.China Science & Technology University Li Changhai establish 1m × 1m × 0.75m Laboratory Module and carry out top corner and be open research to pond fire combustion effects, the reality Balance measuring system is placed directly in cabin during testing, does not consider that the variation of pressure in combustion process middle deck measures balance Influence, and this cabin is only provided with observation window on one side, and difference caused by visual angle, which will lead to, deposits the observation of combustion process in experiment At dead angle, entire combustion process is recorded with being unable to objective.
So far, do not have to the experiment dress that flow of flue gas process is studied in open-topped restricted clearance comprehensively It sets.
Utility model content
In order to sufficiently study the flow of flue gas state of top open part, liquid form, flow process under the conditions of natural fire And influence of the flow process for chamber fire behavior, the utility model provide a kind of being limited with open-topped for small size Space fire test simulator.
The utility model adopts the following technical scheme that in order to solve the technical problem
The utility model has open-topped restricted clearance fire test simulator, including chamber, fuel supply system System, smoke evacuation system and data acquisition processing system;
The chamber is the detachable structure supported by chamber support frame, is divided into lower chamber and upper layer chamber, described Lower chamber is closing chamber, and the upper layer chamber is top opening chamber, and the upper layer chamber is set as transparent side wall glass, The chamber is set as openable chamber door in side;
The fuel feed system, including being located at the fuel supply device of exterior thereto and being located at upper layer chamber bottom center Fuel tray;The fuel supply device is that oil circuit phase is being arranged between the fuel container of liquid fuel and fuel tray for storing Connection, is provided with solenoid valve on the oil circuit, fuel-displaced regulating valve is arranged in the oil circuit exit of fuel container, in the fuel Fuel oil feed regulation valve is arranged in the oil circuit inlet of disk;
The smoke evacuation system is the top opening setting exhaust fume collecting hood of the face upper layer chamber above chamber, smoke exhaust fan and collection Petticoat pipe is connected by smoke discharging pipe, the setting speed regulation valve on the smoke discharging pipe;
The data acquisition processing system includes quality measurement unit, temperature measurement unit, gas component measuring unit, wind Fast measuring unit, pressure measurement cell and flue gas flow field display unit, in which:
The quality measurement unit is the setting weighing balance in lower chamber, and the fuel tray is by through upper layer chamber The fuel disc carrier of top plate is supported on the weighing balance and realizes mass measurement;
The temperature measurement unit is setting multi beam thermocouple tree, the temperature of the multi beam thermocouple tree in the chamber of upper layer Detectable signal is respectively connected to temperature data acquisition instrument;
The gas component measuring unit is that a gas component measuring point is arranged in the upper layer chamber, comes from the gas The tested gas access gas analyzer of component measuring point carries out gas component measurement;
The measuring wind speed unit is the setting velocity of flue gas measuring point at the top opening position of the upper layer chamber, is come from The detection signal cut in wind speed instrument of the velocity of flue gas measuring point;
The pressure-measuring system is the setting cavity indoor pressure measuring point on the top plate and bottom plate of upper layer chamber, from described Pressure detecting signal cut-in pressure data collecting instrument on cavity indoor pressure measuring point;
The flue gas flow field display unit includes the laser light sheet for being arranged in upper layer chamber roof aperture position, Yi Jishe It sets and is used to record the video camera of flow of flue gas process in exterior thereto.
Wherein, the multi beam thermocouple tree shares four beams, respectively the first thermocouple tree, the second thermocouple tree, third heat Galvanic couple tree and the 4th thermocouple tree;The first thermocouple tree is for measuring the temperature change near fire location, the second thermoelectricity Even tree is for measuring the temperature change in cabin spaces, and third thermocouple tree is for measuring the temperature change near bulkhead, and the 4th Thermocouple tree is for measuring top open part flowing smoke temperature change;The temperature detection signal of the four beams thermocouple tree is distinguished Cut-in temperature data collecting instrument.
Wherein, it is with tempering glass that the lower chamber, which is the side wall glass using stainless steel as material, in the upper layer chamber, Glass is material, and the chamber support frame is welded with stainless steel square steel.
Wherein, the junction between the side wall glass and lower chamber of the upper layer chamber is carried out by sealing strip and sealant Sealing.
Wherein, sealing structure for water is provided between the fuel disc carrier and upper chamber ceiling plate.
Wherein, the liquid fuel is ethyl alcohol, normal heptane, diesel oil, aviation kerosine or lubricating oil.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effect that:
1, the utility model directlys adopt pond fire as fire source, can simulate natural fire environment next top opening gas The pressure of generation;The utility model by means of flue gas flow field display unit can complete simulation top open part flow of flue gas State and liquid form, and whole experiment process and phenomenon can be clearly monitored by side wall glass;By fuel tray and balance Upper layer chamber and lower chamber, the measurement data for being respectively placed in experimental provision are accurate and reliable.
2, speed regulation valve is arranged in the utility model on smoke discharging pipe, so as to study the different flue gas velocities the case where Next top opening flow of flue gas situation;
3, the utility model chamber is set as dismountable structure, can be used for studying not by the way that different side-wall materials is arranged Under conditions of wall surface material, influence of the physical parameter of wall surface material to heat and mass in chamber.
4, the utility model experimentation is controllable, and repeatability is high, research on utilization.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of experimental simulation device described in the utility model;
Fig. 2 is cavity structural outer schematic diagram in the utility model;
Fig. 3 is the utility model one schematic diagram of chamber plate top openings position at the middle and upper levels;
Fig. 4 is the utility model two schematic diagram of chamber plate top openings position at the middle and upper levels;
Fig. 5 is the utility model three schematic diagram of chamber plate top openings position at the middle and upper levels;
Fig. 6 is thermocouple arragement construction schematic diagram in the utility model lumen body;
Fig. 7 is fuel supply device schematic diagram in the utility model;
Fig. 8 is fuel tray supporting structure schematic diagram in the utility model;
Figure label: 1 is lower chamber;2 be side wall glass;3 be skidding;4 be fuel disc carrier;5 be fuel tray;6 are Weighing balance;7 be fuel supply device;8 be gas component sensing point;9 be temperature data acquisition instrument;10 be gas analyzer; 11 be computer;12a is the first video camera;12b is the second video camera;13 be velocity of flue gas measuring point;14 be pressure-measuring-point;15a For the first thermocouple tree;15b is the second thermocouple tree;15c is third thermocouple tree;15d is the 4th thermocouple tree;16 be wind speed Instrument;17 be pressure data Acquisition Instrument;18 be smoke exhaust fan;19 be control valve;20 be smoke discharging pipe;21 be exhaust fume collecting hood;22 are Laser light sheet;23 be chamber support frame;24 be chamber door;25 be temperature data acquisition hole;26 be data string hole;27 be compass Formula door handle;28 be top opening;29 be sealing hole;30a is fuel-displaced regulating valve;30b is fuel oil feed regulation valve;31 be solenoid valve; 32 be fuel container;33 be water seal disk.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing and specific embodiment further illustrates the utility model.
Having open-topped restricted clearance fire test simulator referring to Fig. 1, in the present embodiment includes chamber, fuel Feed system, smoke evacuation system and data acquisition processing system;
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, chamber is the detachable structure supported by chamber support frame 23, is divided into 1 He of lower chamber Upper layer chamber, lower chamber 1 are closing chamber, and upper layer chamber is top opening chamber, and upper layer chamber is set as transparent side wall glass 2, it is set as openable chamber door 24 in side in chamber,
Shown in Fig. 2, skidding 3 is set in the bottom of chamber support frame 23, in order to the movement of whole device, in lower chamber Temperature data acquisition hole 25 and data string hole 26 is respectively set in 1 side, and compass door handle 27 is provided in chamber door 24, Upper chamber ceiling plate is set as top opening 28;Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, which show top opening 28 and divide, is in upper chamber ceiling plate On different location, including center position shown in Fig. 3, angular position shown in Fig. 4 and lateral location shown in fig. 5, different opens Mouth position is the case where opening for research with fire source relative position, and the difference of aperture position is for top opening cabin fire opening There are different influences for place's flow of flue gas phenomenon and process, carry out fit sealing by the sealing strip of sealing hole 29 and bolt.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 7, fuel feed system, including being located at the fuel supply device 7 of exterior thereto and being located at upper layer The fuel tray 5 in cavity bottom center;Fuel supply device 7 is in the fuel container 32 and fuel tray 5 for storing liquid fuel Between setting oil circuit be connected, solenoid valve 31 is provided on oil circuit, fuel-displaced tune is set in the oil circuit exit of fuel container 32 Valve 30a is saved, fuel oil feed regulation valve 3b is set in the oil circuit inlet of fuel tray 5;As fuel-displaced regulating valve 30a and fuel oil feed regulation valve 30b When unlatching, continued to convey fuel to fuel tray 5 by solenoid valve 31 from fuel container 32 in combustion process;When fuel-displaced regulating valve When 30a and fuel oil feed regulation valve 30b is closed, the fuel in fuel tray 5 is only consumed in combustion process.
Shown in Fig. 1, smoke evacuation system is the top opening setting exhaust fume collecting hood 21 of the face upper layer chamber above chamber, Smoke Machine 18 is connected with exhaust fume collecting hood 21 by smoke discharging pipe 20, the setting speed regulation valve 19 on smoke discharging pipe 20.
Quality measurement unit is the setting weighing balance 6 in lower chamber 1, and fuel tray 5 is by through upper chamber ceiling plate Fuel disc carrier 4 be supported on weighing balance 6 on realize mass measurement.
Shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 6, temperature measurement unit is that four beam thermocouple trees, respectively the first thermoelectricity is arranged in upper layer chamber Even tree 15a, the second thermocouple tree 15b, third thermocouple tree 15c and the 4th thermocouple tree 15d, wherein the first thermocouple tree 15a For measuring the temperature change near fire location, the second thermocouple tree 15b is used to measure the temperature change in cabin spaces, the Three thermocouple tree 15c is used to measure the temperature change near bulkhead, and the 4th thermocouple tree 15d is for measuring top open part flowing Smoke temperature change.The temperature detection signal of four beam thermocouple trees is respectively connected to temperature data acquisition instrument 9;Wherein, the second thermoelectricity Equidistant placement has ten thermocouples, the 4th thermocouple respectively in vertical direction for even tree, the second thermocouple tree and third thermocouple tree Tree has three thermocouples to be evenly arranged in top open part.
It is shown in Fig. 1, gas component measuring unit is that a gas component measuring point 8 is arranged in the chamber of upper layer, comes from gas The tested gas access gas analyzer 10 of component measuring point 8 carries out gas component measurement;
Measuring wind speed unit is the setting velocity of flue gas measuring point 13 at the top opening position of upper layer chamber, from flue gas speed Spend the detection signal cut in wind speed instrument 16 of measuring point 13;
Pressure-measuring system is the setting cavity indoor pressure measuring point 14 on the top plate of upper layer chamber, is surveyed from cavity indoor pressure Pressure detecting signal cut-in pressure data collecting instrument 17 on point 14;
Flue gas flow field display unit includes that first group be arranged in the left-right position of upper layer chamber roof aperture position swashs Mating plate light source 22a and second group of laser light sheet 22b;Setting in exterior thereto, for shooting first laser sheet laser 22a and the First video camera 12a of the flow of flue gas situation that dual-laser sheet laser 22b is presented, and for shooting the combustion of cabin interior flame Burn the second video camera 12b of pulsation situation;Computer 11 is for the acquisition of relevant data and data analysis.
Referring to Fig. 8, fuel disc carrier 4 is set as " I " fonts, is arranged between fuel disc carrier 4 and upper chamber ceiling plate There is the sealing structure for water being made of cup type water seal disk 33, the gas to completely cut off the downward layer chamber of upper layer chamber leaks.
In specific implementation, the inner cavity of lower chamber 1 is 1.0m × 1.0m × 0.3m, is welded with the stainless steel plate of 5mm; The inner cavity of upper layer chamber is 1.0m × 1.0m × 1.0m, and the side wall glass 2 in the chamber of upper layer is using 5mm tempered glass as material; Chamber support frame 23 is welded with 4cm stainless steel square steel, the connection between the side wall glass and lower chamber of upper layer chamber Place is sealed by sealing strip and sealant, and liquid fuel is ethyl alcohol, normal heptane, diesel oil, aviation kerosine or lubricating oil.

Claims (6)

1. one kind has open-topped restricted clearance fire test simulator, it is characterized in that: including chamber, fuel supply system System, smoke evacuation system and data acquisition processing system;
The chamber is the detachable structure supported by chamber support frame (23), is divided into lower chamber (1) and upper layer chamber, institute Stating lower chamber (1) is closing chamber, and the upper layer chamber is top opening chamber, and the upper layer chamber is set as transparent glass side Wall (2) is set as openable chamber door (24) in side in the chamber;
The fuel feed system, including being located at the fuel supply device (7) of exterior thereto and being located at upper layer chamber bottom center Fuel tray (5);The fuel supply device (7) be for storing liquid fuel fuel container (32) and fuel tray (5) Between setting oil circuit be connected, solenoid valve (31) are provided on the oil circuit, are set in the oil circuit exit of fuel container (32) Fuel-displaced regulating valve (30a) is set, fuel oil feed regulation valve (30b) is set in the oil circuit inlet of the fuel tray (5);
The smoke evacuation system is top opening setting exhaust fume collecting hood (21) of the face upper layer chamber above chamber, smoke exhaust fan (18) It is connected with exhaust fume collecting hood (21) by smoke discharging pipe (20), setting speed regulation valve (19) on the smoke discharging pipe (20);
The data acquisition processing system includes quality measurement unit, temperature measurement unit, gas component measuring unit, wind speed survey Measure unit, pressure measurement cell and flue gas flow field display unit, in which:
The quality measurement unit is setting weighing balance (6) in lower chamber (1), and the fuel tray (5) is by through upper The fuel disc carrier (4) of layer chamber top plate, which is supported on the weighing balance (6), realizes mass measurement;
The temperature measurement unit is setting multi beam thermocouple tree, the temperature sensing of the multi beam thermocouple tree in the chamber of upper layer Signal is respectively connected to temperature data acquisition instrument (9);
The gas component measuring unit is that a gas component measuring point (8) is arranged in the upper layer chamber, comes from the gas Tested gas access gas analyzer (10) of component measuring point (8) carries out gas component measurement;
The measuring wind speed unit is setting velocity of flue gas measuring point (13) at the top opening position of the upper layer chamber, is come from The detection signal cut in wind speed instrument (16) of the velocity of flue gas measuring point (13);
The pressure-measuring system is setting cavity indoor pressure measuring point (14) on the top plate and bottom plate of upper layer chamber, from described Pressure detecting signal cut-in pressure data collecting instrument (17) on cavity indoor pressure measuring point (14);
The flue gas flow field display unit includes the laser light sheet for being arranged in upper layer chamber roof aperture position, and setting exists Exterior thereto is used to record the video camera of flow of flue gas process.
2. according to claim 1 have open-topped restricted clearance fire test simulator, it is characterized in that: described Multi beam thermocouple tree shares four beams, respectively the first thermocouple tree (15a), the second thermocouple tree (15b), third thermocouple tree (15c) and the 4th thermocouple tree (15d);The first thermocouple tree (15a) is used to measure the temperature change near fire location, Second thermocouple tree (15b) is used to measure the temperature change in cabin spaces, and third thermocouple tree (15c) is attached for measuring bulkhead Close temperature change, the 4th thermocouple tree (15d) is for measuring top open part flowing smoke temperature change;Four beam thermocouple trees Temperature detection signal be respectively connected to temperature data acquisition instrument (9).
3. according to claim 1 have open-topped restricted clearance fire test simulator, it is characterized in that: described Lower chamber (1) is that the side wall glass (2) using stainless steel as material, in the upper layer chamber is the institute using tempered glass as material Stating chamber support frame (23) is welded with stainless steel square steel.
4. according to claim 1 have open-topped restricted clearance fire test simulator, it is characterized in that: described Junction between the side wall glass and lower chamber of upper layer chamber is sealed by sealing strip and sealant.
5. according to claim 1 have open-topped restricted clearance fire test simulator, it is characterized in that: in institute It states and is provided with sealing structure for water between fuel disc carrier (4) and upper chamber ceiling plate.
6. according to claim 1 have open-topped restricted clearance fire test simulator, it is characterized in that: described Liquid fuel is ethyl alcohol, normal heptane, diesel oil, aviation kerosine or lubricating oil.
CN201820475490.4U 2018-04-04 2018-04-04 With open-topped restricted clearance fire test simulator Withdrawn - After Issue CN208706130U (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108320649A (en) * 2018-04-04 2018-07-24 中国科学技术大学 With open-topped restricted clearance fire test simulator
CN110007241A (en) * 2019-05-07 2019-07-12 中国科学技术大学 Lithium ion battery thermal runaway jet stream experimental provision
CN110751872A (en) * 2019-11-06 2020-02-04 应急管理部天津消防研究所 Large-space full-size fire scene simulation experiment control system and method thereof

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108320649A (en) * 2018-04-04 2018-07-24 中国科学技术大学 With open-topped restricted clearance fire test simulator
CN108320649B (en) * 2018-04-04 2024-02-09 中国科学技术大学 Limited space fire experiment simulation device with top opening
CN110007241A (en) * 2019-05-07 2019-07-12 中国科学技术大学 Lithium ion battery thermal runaway jet stream experimental provision
CN110751872A (en) * 2019-11-06 2020-02-04 应急管理部天津消防研究所 Large-space full-size fire scene simulation experiment control system and method thereof

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