CN208334137U - A kind of device of karst trough valley area soil stream leakage observation - Google Patents
A kind of device of karst trough valley area soil stream leakage observation Download PDFInfo
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- CN208334137U CN208334137U CN201820882612.1U CN201820882612U CN208334137U CN 208334137 U CN208334137 U CN 208334137U CN 201820882612 U CN201820882612 U CN 201820882612U CN 208334137 U CN208334137 U CN 208334137U
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- soil
- collecting board
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- lost
- trough valley
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Abstract
The utility model belongs to soil observation technology field, disclose a kind of device of karst trough valley area soil stream leakage observation, the device of the karst trough valley area soil stream leakage observation is provided with rainwash collecting board, is lost collecting board, hole Crevice gold afflux groove plate, circular hole, cabinet in soil.Top of the box is fixed with rainwash collecting board by screw, cabinet center be fixed in soil by screw be lost collecting board, the bottom of box by screw is fixed with hole Crevice gold afflux groove plate.The utility model opposite can be slided by being lost the double walled floor of collecting board in soil, for adjustment hole crack degree, single pore area is calculated according to circular arc area formula, finally calculating total level projected area and testing the percentage of steel tank floor level projected area is porous dehiscence porosity；Easy to operate, observation is convenient, calculates quick.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to soil observation technology field more particularly to a kind of leakage observation of karst trough valley area soil stream
Device.
Background technique
Currently, the prior art commonly used in the trade be it is such,Soil erosion refers in waterpower, wind-force, gravity and freeze thawing etc.
Under natural force and function of human activities, the destruction and loss of water and soil resources and fertility, including soil surface layer corrode and
The loss of water.Soil erosion can be divided into water erosion, mass erosion and wind erosion three types.However, existing soil stream leakage
Observation trouble is lost, is calculated complicated.Southwest China karst area is that maximum Karst region, karst area probably have in the world
540.000km2, account for 5.2% or so of Chinese territory area.Karst trough valley area is capable of forming earth's surface and ground under karstification
Lower two layer of space structure, the stony desertification of earth's surface are the soil degradation problems of In Southwest China most serious, have limited and have worked as
Ground society and economic sustainable development.It is peculiar in karst trough valley area under the interaction of natural cause and human factor
Shallow-layer hole (split) gap and sinkhole under the influence of, rainwater largely carries runoff and silt and is lost to underground, to the greatest extent and only few
Part runoff and soil lose with surface flow.And in Non-karst trough valley area, the soil erosion and ground mulching, the gradient and raininess relationship
Closely, people can take reasonable tillage method to reduce the generation of the soil erosion.Therefore, in karst trough valley area, due to
Its special geological structures, soil erosion generating process and Non-karst area are increasingly complex.At present for karst trough valley
Report primarily focuses on the soil erosion of slope surface, and most of based on the runoff observation on plots of field, and for karst trough valley
The research of area's slope flow kinetic mechanism is rarely reported, and gos deep into its research to understanding karst trough valley area soil erosion mechanism tool
It is significant.
Karst trough valley area also has typical suitable/inverse tendency rock in addition to its special above and below ground bilayer geographical configuration
Matter slope geological construction.Refer to that the Dominant structure plane of slopes and massif side slope have the Stratified Rock side of same tendency along dip slope
Slope, and inverse dip slope is then opposite.Therefore, it mainly goes downstream along slope surface for the soil erosion direction along dip slope, and it is right
In inverse dip slope, soil erosion is mainly goed deep into forming subterranean stream inside slopes along the vertical direction of slopes.At abroad, existing phase
Relative influence can be had to soil erosion mechanism by closing the incline structure that researcher demonstrates rock, and at home, but rarely have research
For the report that different dip slopes influence soil erosion, it is concentrated mainly in the power under seismic condition between different rock-layers tendency
Learn form.Such as incline and layered dip rocky slope Toppling Deformation formation condition and development scale feature by the way that stratiform is counter, finds counter-tilt slope
It develops area and topples over depth and be all larger than layered dip rocky slope.It is poor that different suitable/inverse tendency side slope dynamic responses are had studied using shake table
Different, the slope surface displacement along dip slope is far longer than inverse tendency side slope, and the Seismic Stability of inverse dip slope is apparently higher than along dip slope.
With the increase of earthquake magnitude, the more big then stability of rock gradient is bigger.Therefore, in view of karst trough valley area have it is typical it is suitable/
Inverse tendency rock side slope geological structure, influence of the rock slope of difference tendency to soil erosion process have important reality meaning
Justice then can further improve the Research on hydrodynamic of this area's slope surface the research to this area's soil erosion mechanism.
In conclusion problem of the existing technology is:
(1) existing soil stream leakage observation trouble, calculates complicated；
(2) larger in field monitoring soil erosion difficulty, for the double-deck ground of this distinguishingly up/down in karst trough valley area
Matter structure is more rarely seen, is substantially at blank stage for the research of karst trough valley area slope flow kinetic mechanism.
Summary of the invention
In view of the problems of the existing technology, the utility model provides a kind of karst trough valley area soil stream leakage observation
Device.
The utility model is realized in this way a kind of device of karst trough valley area soil stream leakage observation is provided with
Collecting board, hole Crevice gold afflux groove plate, circular hole, cabinet are lost in rainwash collecting board, soil；
Top of the box is fixed with rainwash collecting board by screw, cabinet center is fixed in soil by screw and is lost
Collecting board, the bottom of box are fixed with hole Crevice gold afflux groove plate by screw.
Further, it is lost collecting board in the soil and opens up multiple circular holes；Cabinet upper front opens up multiple circular holes.
The rock pore crack below the soil layer of Karst region is simulated with the circular hole of soil box bottom plate, is passed through and is adjusted circular hole area
The percentage size for accounting for the soil box bottom plate gross area carrys out the size in simulation rock hole crack.
Further, the long 5m of the cabinet；Distance 0.35m between collecting board is lost in rainwash collecting board and soil；Soil
Interflow loses distance 0.15m between collecting board and hole Crevice gold afflux groove plate.
Further, it is the double-deck slidably plate that collecting board is lost in the soil.
It is convenient that loss collecting board in soil is assembled and used.
The advantages of the utility model and good effect are as follows: the double walled floor by being lost collecting board in soil can be slided relatively
It is dynamic, it is used for adjustment hole crack degree, single pore area is calculated according to circular arc area formula, finally calculates total level projected area
Percentage with test steel tank floor level projected area is porous dehiscence porosity；Easy to operate, observation is convenient, calculates quick.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the apparatus structure signal of karst trough valley area soil stream leakage observation provided by the embodiment of the utility model
Figure.
Fig. 2 is the device side view of karst trough valley area soil stream leakage observation provided by the embodiment of the utility model.
Fig. 3 is the device front view of karst trough valley area soil stream leakage observation provided by the embodiment of the utility model.
Fig. 4 is the device top view of karst trough valley area soil stream leakage observation provided by the embodiment of the utility model.
In figure: 1, rainwash collecting board；2, collecting board is lost in soil；3, hole Crevice gold afflux groove plate；4, circular hole；5,
Cabinet.
Specific embodiment
For the invention, features and effects that can further appreciate that the utility model, the following examples are hereby given, and cooperates
Detailed description are as follows for attached drawing.
The structure of the utility model is explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4, the dress of karst trough valley area soil stream leakage observation provided by the utility model
To set include: rainwash collecting board 1, collecting board 2, hole Crevice gold afflux groove plate 3, circular hole 4, cabinet 5 are lost in soil.
Rainwash collecting board 1,5 center of cabinet is fixed with by screw at the top of cabinet 5 to be fixed in soil by screw
It is lost collecting board 2,5 bottom of cabinet and hole Crevice gold afflux groove plate 3 is fixed with by screw；Loss collecting board 2 opens up more in soil
A circular hole 4；5 upper front of cabinet opens up multiple circular holes 4；Cabinet 5 is 5m long；It is lost and collects in rainwash collecting board 1 and soil
Distance 0.35m between plate 2；Distance 0.15m between collecting board 2 and hole Crevice gold afflux groove plate 3 is lost in soil；It is lost in soil
Collecting board 2 is the double-deck slidably plate.
The utility model collects rainwash when the utility model is used, by rainwash collecting board 1；By in soil
The double walled floor for being lost collecting board 2 opposite can be slided, and so that two blocks of bottoming plates is misplaced by bearing, public according to circular arc area
Formula calculates single pore area, finally calculates total level projected area and tests the percentage of steel tank floor level projected area
As porous dehiscence porosity；Easy to operate, observation is convenient.
Real-time example:
1, test material
Soil is tested using the stone of It In Beibei, Chongqing Mt Jigong (106 ° 18 ' 14 " E, 29 ° 39 ' 10 " N) carbonate development
Ash slight slope plough topsoil soil, slope surface lengthwise position 2m at selection sampling point, and Stratified Sampling (0~10, > 10~20,
> 20~30), soil particle diameter composition is shown in Table 1.It is spare after original-state soil natural air drying, incline for simulation karst trough valley area is suitable/inverse
To slope surface, selects carbonate stone of the diameter greater than 35cm and measure its area for exposing soil surface, it is ensured that its rock is exposed
Rate is consistent, is as suitable for the karst trough valley area slope surface of cultivation；Soil sample dry density is controlled when dress soil about in 1.78g/cm3, banket
When be compacted into special plank and iron hammer, finally adjustably lower opening (splits) porosity, every time test before, with not aggressive water-wet moisten
Then soil sample is covered with plastic film, stand 24 hours, and fine earth (< 2mm) is taken to measure sample moisture content, fine earth before one rainfall event
Moisture content is between 8.25%~12.60%.
The particle characteristic of 1 simulated rain trails soil of table
Table 1 Characteristics of test soil particles of simulated rainfall
2, experimental design
This test is completed in Southwest University's rain making hall, selects artificial rain device for United States Department of Agriculture's soil erosion
The promise of research laboratory lateral spray type rainfall simulator[18], effective rainfall area is 3m × 5m, and rainfall coefficient of uniformity reaches 90%
More than, and put measurement bucket on soil box both sides and measure practical raininess.Soil bin is homemade bear steel tank, and gap (is split) in hole
It can be adjusted in 0~6% range, the long 5.0m of soil box, width 1.0m, depth 0.3m, soil box top and bottom are respectively set 2 and catchment
Slot, for collecting rainwash and interflow subsurface drainage.According to field investigation Chongqing City tenth of the twelve Earthly Branches sun karst trough valley area hillside fields sample and rock
The exposed rate 15% of rock is arranged in slope surface, this test, and ground lower opening (splits) porosity 3%, and the Typical Karst trough valley area gradient is mainly concentrated
At 25 ° or so, therefore design grade is 25 °, and in conjunction with the size of on-site inspection rock gradient, rock gradient is 30 °, 60 °,
90°,120°,150°.Rock gradient with diameter greater than 35cm lime sillar stone by exposed 15% random alignment of rate of rock in
In soil box, it is 25 ° that soil box, which is first adjusted the gradient, then according to the gradient of test setting, using gradient dipmeter adjusting block stone
It is simulated.The rock pore crack below the soil layer of Karst region is simulated with the circular hole of soil box bottom plate, is passed through and is adjusted circular hole face
The percentage size that product accounts for the soil box bottom plate gross area carrys out the size in simulation rock hole crack, simultaneously according to Chongqing City's rainstorm frequency
In conjunction with the test of early period, designing rainfall intensity is 30,60,90mm/h.Using rock gradient and rainfall intensity complete combination
Method is tested, each combination is repeated 2 times.Every rainfall duration 60min (time started is produced as with rainwash), ground
In the preceding 30min that table runoff generates, sample is connect at interval of 5min；In 30~60min of > that runoff generates, sample is connect at interval of 10min.
Velocity observer point is set at the distance at interval of 1m, using KMNO4Decoration method record water flow by certain soil box length when
Between, the mean flow rate of slope surface is calculated with this.I.e. on the basis of soil box side length, it is distributed in disconnected away from setting at bottom end 0,1,2,3,4,5m
Face before rain test starts, measures flow velocity since top of the slope, away from top of the slope 0-1m, 1-2m, 2-3m, every 1m at 3-4m, 4-5m
Measurement is primary, measures 5 groups of data altogether.To reduce test error, one rainfall event is tested from same people from top of the slope to bottom of slope successively
Carry out flow velocity measurement.The depth of water with water is wide is measured with thin steel ruler, interval time of measurement is as flow velocity, with thermometer measure water
Flow temperature.
The above is only the preferred embodiment to the utility model, is not made in any form to the utility model
Limitation, it is all according to the technical essence of the utility model any simple modification made to the above embodiment, equivalent variations with
Modification, is all within the scope of the technical scheme of the utility model.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of device of karst trough valley area soil stream leakage observation, which is characterized in that the karst trough valley area soil stream
The device of leakage observation is provided with cabinet, and the top of the cabinet is fixed with rainwash collecting board, the cabinet by screw
Center be fixed in soil by screw and be lost collecting board, the bottom of the cabinet is fixed with hole Crevice gold afflux by screw
Frid.
2. the device of karst trough valley area soil stream leakage observation as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the soil interflow
It loses collecting board and opens up multiple circular holes；Cabinet upper front opens up multiple circular holes.
3. the device of karst trough valley area soil stream leakage observation as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the cabinet is long
5m；Distance 0.35m between collecting board is lost in rainwash collecting board and soil；Collecting board and hole Crevice gold collection are lost in soil
Distance 0.15m between chute plate.
4. the device of karst trough valley area soil stream leakage observation as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the soil interflow
Losing collecting board is the double-deck slidably plate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201820882612.1U CN208334137U (en) | 2018-06-08 | 2018-06-08 | A kind of device of karst trough valley area soil stream leakage observation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201820882612.1U CN208334137U (en) | 2018-06-08 | 2018-06-08 | A kind of device of karst trough valley area soil stream leakage observation |
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| CN201820882612.1U Expired - Fee Related CN208334137U (en) | 2018-06-08 | 2018-06-08 | A kind of device of karst trough valley area soil stream leakage observation |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109975521A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-07-05 | 贵州师范大学 | A kind of Karst region earth's surface underground is lost monitoring device and its application method |
| CN110174505A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-08-27 | 贵州师范大学 | It is a kind of for the runoff pond of Karst Rocky Desertification Region and its installation and application |
| CN110596350A (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2019-12-20 | 贵州师范大学 | Simulation method for researching water and soil loss situation of biological crust in karst stony desertification region |
-
2018
- 2018-06-08 CN CN201820882612.1U patent/CN208334137U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109975521A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-07-05 | 贵州师范大学 | A kind of Karst region earth's surface underground is lost monitoring device and its application method |
| CN110174505A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-08-27 | 贵州师范大学 | It is a kind of for the runoff pond of Karst Rocky Desertification Region and its installation and application |
| CN110596350A (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2019-12-20 | 贵州师范大学 | Simulation method for researching water and soil loss situation of biological crust in karst stony desertification region |
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