CN110749723A - Physical model test method for high-voltage transmission tower foundation landslide under rainfall effect - Google Patents
Physical model test method for high-voltage transmission tower foundation landslide under rainfall effect Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A physical model test method for high-voltage transmission tower foundation landslide under the action of rainfall comprises the following steps: determining the geometric ratio of the similar model, reducing the actual landslide body in equal proportion to manufacture a side slope model box, and arranging an artificial rainfall system; according to the geometric ratio of the similar model, adopting dimension analysis to determine the similarity ratio of other parameters, and according to the simulation theory of the similar material and the similarity ratio of the physical and mechanical parameters of the soil body on site, preparing a soil body model material; filling a solid soil body according to a specific compaction degree, arranging transmission towers which are reduced in equal proportion in a slope model box, and determining the load of the transmission towers in a model test; installing monitoring equipment; carrying out model tests under different rainfall conditions, and collecting monitoring data; and analyzing and processing the monitoring data. The design has important guiding significance for developing landslide and tower stability analysis under different rainfall conditions and researching interaction mechanism between the landslide and the tower, and has certain reference value for laying high-voltage transmission towers in mountainous regions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the fields of geotechnical mechanics and engineering geology, in particular to a physical model test method for high-voltage transmission tower foundation landslide under the action of rainfall.
Background
With the overall and rapid development of China, the demand for electric power is also increased continuously, and some high-voltage transmission towers are inevitably erected on the soil body of a side slope. The construction of a large number of transmission towers can influence the stability of a slope body, and conversely, the occurrence of landslide can threaten or damage the foundation of the transmission towers. When landslide occurs, the infrastructure can be damaged, possibly resulting in casualties and economic losses. However, in the current research on different landslide geological disasters in complex environments, most of geologic bodies targeted by researchers are specific single rock-soil bodies, the community of a transmission tower foundation and a landslide body is rarely researched, and the mechanism understanding of the mutual influence of the landslide body and the transmission tower is insufficient. Secondly, the stress distribution of the slope body is also complex under the rainfall condition, the influence of the rainfall on the soil body, the action mode of the soil body under different rainfall intensity and time conditions, and the deformation of the transmission tower foundation are rarely studied. In addition, the field test research aiming at soil landslide is difficult to implement, high in cost and large in environmental influence, and parameter comparison research is not easy to develop.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and problems in the prior art and provide a physical model test method for a landslide of a high-voltage transmission tower foundation under the action of rainfall, which considers the difficulty of field test, tests according to an equal-proportion side slope model mode and can simulate the side slope instability mechanism based on the geological characteristics and rainfall characteristics of a test background area and the deformation of the transmission tower foundation, the landslide stress characteristics and the evolution rule of rainfall on the basis of rainfall intensity by monitoring the water content, soil pressure, matrix suction, soil mass deep displacement and transmission tower foundation displacement of the landslide under different rainfall conditions.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the invention is as follows: a physical model test method for high-voltage transmission tower foundation landslide under the action of rainfall comprises the following steps:
A. firstly, according to geological conditions of a test slope site and basic conditions of a model test, determining a geometric ratio of similar models, reducing an actual landslide body in equal proportion to manufacture a slope model box, and then setting an artificial rainfall system according to rainfall characteristics of an area where the slope site is located;
B. firstly, determining the similarity ratio of on-site soil physical mechanical parameters, rainfall duration and transmission tower load by adopting dimension analysis according to the geometric ratio of similar models, and then preparing soil model materials according to the similar material simulation theory and the similarity ratio of the on-site soil physical mechanical parameters;
C. filling a side slope model box with a soil body model material, arranging transmission towers with reduced proportion in the side slope model box, determining the foundation load of the on-site transmission tower, calculating the load of the transmission tower in the model test according to the load similarity ratio of the transmission tower, and applying the load;
D. installing monitoring equipment for the water content of the side slope, the soil pressure, the matrix suction, the rainfall, the soil deformation and the deformation of the transmission tower foundation;
E. carrying out model tests under different rainfall conditions, and collecting monitoring data;
F. and analyzing a slope instability mechanism based on the geological conditions and the rainfall characteristics of the slope site, and the characteristics of the deformation of the transmission tower foundation caused by rainfall, the landslide deformation stress and the evolution rule of the rainfall along with the characteristics of the rainfall according to the monitoring data.
In the step A, the side slope model box adopts section steel as a supporting structure, adopts transparent organic glass as a surrounding structure, and is provided with openings at the top of the side slope model box and the surface where the slope feet are located.
In the step A, the artificial rainfall system is positioned at the top of the landslide body, the rainwater spraying openings are uniformly distributed, and a rainfall and rainfall duration control system is arranged;
and step B, determining the rainfall and the rainfall duration in the model test according to the rainfall characteristics of the area where the slope site is located and by combining the rainfall similarity ratio and the rainfall duration similarity ratio.
In the step B, the on-site soil physical and mechanical parameters comprise density, water content, internal friction angle and cohesive force;
firstly, testing the physical and mechanical characteristics of the on-site soil body to obtain the density, water content, internal friction angle and cohesive force parameters, then calculating according to the similarity ratio of all the parameters to obtain the physical and mechanical parameters of the soil body in the model test, and then preparing the soil body model material by adopting the river sand, the slippery soil, tap water and the bentonite.
And C, manufacturing a transmission tower model according to the strength characteristic of the transmission tower on the side slope site and the geometric ratio and the elastic modulus similarity ratio of the similar model, wherein the elastic modulus similarity ratio is 1.
The relative position relation of the landslide body and the transmission towers is four, namely the transmission towers are positioned in the landslide body, the transmission towers are positioned below the landslide body, the transmission towers are positioned at the edge of the landslide body, and the transmission towers are positioned outside the range of the landslide body.
And in the step C, the foundation load of the on-site transmission tower comprises a dead weight load or a dead weight load and a wind load or a dead weight load and a snow load.
The wind load and the snow load are obtained by the following method:
the method comprises the steps of determining the maximum wind speed and the maximum snow pressure according to the meteorological conditions of the area where a slope site is located, establishing a finite element analysis model according to the size of a site transmission tower, and calculating the wind load caused by the wind speed and the snow load caused by the snow pressure.
The step E specifically comprises the following two groups of model tests:
one group is no rainfall, and the monitoring indexes comprise transmission tower foundation displacement, soil body deformation and soil pressure;
the other group is different rainfall, the applied test rainfall intensity is divided into 7 grades, the highest grade rainfall is obtained through the similarity ratio of the maximum rainfall and the rainfall of the area where the slope site is located, and the monitoring indexes comprise water content, soil pressure, matrix suction, rainfall, transmission tower foundation displacement and soil deformation.
In step F, when analyzing and processing the monitoring data, the monitoring data is analyzed and verified by using Geostudio software or FLAC3D software.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the analysis and research method for the landslide and transmission tower foundation action mechanism in the current engineering, the method provided by the invention considers the difficulty of field test, can simulate the interaction mechanism under different rainfall conditions by using a model test method, can carry out multiple tests, saves the experimental expense, and finally analyzes and processes data and utilizes a computer to carry out numerical simulation to verify the experimental reliability. Therefore, the method has important guiding significance for developing stability analysis of landslides and transmission towers under different rainfall conditions and researching interaction mechanism between the landslides and the towers, and has certain reference value for laying high-voltage transmission towers in mountainous regions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the test method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view of an actual landslide support in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a model test slope model in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of different relative positions of a transmission tower and a slip mass in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the sensor arrangement position in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following description and embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, a method for testing a physical model of a high-voltage transmission tower foundation landslide under the action of rainfall comprises the following steps:
A. firstly, according to geological conditions of a test slope site and basic conditions of a model test, determining a geometric ratio of similar models, reducing an actual landslide body in equal proportion to manufacture a slope model box, and then setting an artificial rainfall system according to rainfall characteristics of an area where the slope site is located;
B. firstly, determining the similarity ratio of on-site soil physical mechanical parameters, rainfall duration and transmission tower load by adopting dimension analysis according to the geometric ratio of similar models, and then preparing soil model materials according to the similar material simulation theory and the similarity ratio of the on-site soil physical mechanical parameters;
C. filling a side slope model box with a soil body model material, arranging transmission towers with reduced proportion in the side slope model box, determining the foundation load of the on-site transmission tower, calculating the load of the transmission tower in the model test according to the load similarity ratio of the transmission tower, and applying the load;
D. installing monitoring equipment for the water content of the side slope, the soil pressure, the matrix suction, the rainfall, the soil deformation and the deformation of the transmission tower foundation;
E. carrying out model tests under different rainfall conditions, and collecting monitoring data;
F. and analyzing a slope instability mechanism based on the geological conditions and the rainfall characteristics of the slope site, and the characteristics of the deformation of the transmission tower foundation caused by rainfall, the landslide deformation stress and the evolution rule of the rainfall along with the characteristics of the rainfall according to the monitoring data.
In the step A, the side slope model box adopts section steel as a supporting structure, adopts transparent organic glass as a surrounding structure, and is provided with openings at the top of the side slope model box and the surface where the slope feet are located.
In the step A, the artificial rainfall system is positioned at the top of the landslide body, the rainwater spraying openings are uniformly distributed, and a rainfall and rainfall duration control system is arranged;
and step B, determining the rainfall and the rainfall duration in the model test according to the rainfall characteristics of the area where the slope site is located and by combining the rainfall similarity ratio and the rainfall duration similarity ratio.
In the step B, the on-site soil physical and mechanical parameters comprise density, water content, internal friction angle and cohesive force;
firstly, testing the physical and mechanical characteristics of the on-site soil body to obtain the density, water content, internal friction angle and cohesive force parameters, then calculating according to the similarity ratio of all the parameters to obtain the physical and mechanical parameters of the soil body in the model test, and then preparing the soil body model material by adopting the river sand, the slippery soil, tap water and the bentonite.
And C, manufacturing a transmission tower model according to the strength characteristic of the transmission tower on the side slope site and the geometric ratio and the elastic modulus similarity ratio of the similar model, wherein the elastic modulus similarity ratio is 1.
The relative position relation of the landslide body and the transmission towers is four, namely the transmission towers are positioned in the landslide body, the transmission towers are positioned below the landslide body, the transmission towers are positioned at the edge of the landslide body, and the transmission towers are positioned outside the range of the landslide body.
And in the step C, the foundation load of the on-site transmission tower comprises a dead weight load or a dead weight load and a wind load or a dead weight load and a snow load.
The wind load and the snow load are obtained by the following method:
the method comprises the steps of determining the maximum wind speed and the maximum snow pressure according to the meteorological conditions of the area where a slope site is located, establishing a finite element analysis model according to the size of a site transmission tower, and calculating the wind load caused by the wind speed and the snow load caused by the snow pressure.
The step E specifically comprises the following two groups of model tests:
one group is no rainfall, and the monitoring indexes comprise transmission tower foundation displacement, soil body deformation and soil pressure;
the other group is different rainfall, the applied test rainfall intensity is divided into 7 grades, the highest grade rainfall is obtained through the similarity ratio of the maximum rainfall and the rainfall of the area where the slope site is located, and the monitoring indexes comprise water content, soil pressure, matrix suction, rainfall, transmission tower foundation displacement and soil deformation.
In step F, when analyzing and processing the monitoring data, the monitoring data is analyzed and verified by using Geostudio software or FLAC3D software.
The principle of the invention is illustrated as follows:
in the model test, the geometric dimension is ensured to be in proportional correspondence according to geological conditions, and the physical and mechanical properties of the model soil and the physical and mechanical properties of the actual soil meet the similarity ratio of each parameter. The hydrological conditions are mainly used as reference, only the underground water level position in the soil body is judged, the influence of the water content on each parameter is fully considered for the soil body below the underground water level during the physical and mechanical characteristic analysis of the soil body, the corresponding parameters are measured, and then the corresponding model soil is prepared.
The similarity ratio of each parameter can be determined by adopting dimension analysis, including geometric similarity ratio, physical similarity ratio and mechanical similarity ratio, and the dimension analysis method is a common model test similarity analysis method and is relatively mature to be applied to rock mass engineering model tests. The similarity ratio of the rainfall and the rainfall duration can also be determined according to a dimensional analysis method, and the similarity ratio of the rainfall intensity and the rainfall duration in the design is in a 0.5-power relation with the geometric similarity ratio.
The model soil is configured through repeated tests, so that the physical characteristics and the mechanical characteristics of the model soil and the actual soil meet the requirement of similarity ratio.
For a common building, the maximum load borne by the foundation is mainly caused by self gravity, and the towers are different, and because the towers belong to a high-rise structure and are greatly influenced by wind and snow loads, when the acting force of the transmission tower foundation on a side slope is considered, not only the self gravity of the towers is considered, but also the force caused by the wind and snow loads needs to be equivalently calculated. During calculation, the maximum wind speed or the maximum snow pressure is generally determined according to local meteorological statistical data, a finite element calculation model is established according to the actual tower structure characteristics, and tower foundation loads caused by wind and snow loads are calculated through the model.
The design takes a physical model test as a research method, and provides a physical model test method for analyzing the influence of soil landslide on the high-voltage transmission tower foundation by implementing a series of measures such as model box establishment, equivalent load treatment, rainfall simulation application, index monitoring and measuring method and the like according to a mode of an equal-proportion slope model, the method can overcome the difficulty of field test, simulate the slope geological characteristics and instability mechanism under the action of the transmission tower under different rainfall conditions, and simulate the deformation of the tower foundation by rainfall, the landslide stress characteristics and the evolution rule of the landslide stress characteristics along with the rainfall intensity; the method can provide reference for construction and safety protection of transmission towers close to side slopes in mountainous areas.
Example (b):
referring to fig. 1, the embodiment provides a method for testing a physical model of a high-voltage transmission tower foundation landslide under the action of rainfall, which is based on the research and selection of an actual swallow landslide project in bardong county of northwest of a lake and comprises the following steps:
A. firstly, according to geological conditions of a test slope site and basic conditions of a model test, determining a geometric ratio of similar models, reducing an actual landslide body in equal proportion to manufacture a slope model box, and then setting an artificial rainfall system according to rainfall characteristics of an area where the slope site is located;
referring to fig. 2, the geological conditions at the site of the test slope are as follows: the swallow-shaped landslide is an old landslide, the plane of the landslide area is in a long tongue shape, the rear edge of the landslide area is in a circle chair-shaped terrain, and the section of the landslide area is in a circle chair shapeStep shape; the slope of the terrain in the landslide area is steep in the front and gentle in the back, the slope of the rear edge is 15-25 degrees, the gentle slope area is mostly transformed into cultivated land by residents, the front edge is slightly steep, and the slope is 25-40 degrees; main slip direction 310 °; the sliding mass has a length of about 400m, a width of about 150m, a thickness of 9.0-12.0 m, an average thickness of 11.0m, and a volume of about 60.0 × 104m3(ii) a The front edge of the current landslide deformation area is positioned below a roadbed zone surrounding a city line K1+8-50m section, and the elevation of the roadbed zone is 300-302 m; the rear edge of the deformation area is positioned at a high-voltage cable iron tower, and the elevation of the rear edge is 352 m; the south and the west sides of the deformation region are bounded by valleys which run towards 315 degrees; the northeast side is bounded by valleys and cracks which run to 325 degrees;
assuming that the ratio relation between the actual landslide body and the slope model is 200: 1, namely the geometric ratio of the similar models is 200: 1, reducing according to the geometric ratio, and designing a side slope model box, wherein as shown in fig. 3, the size of the side slope model box is designed to be 3m multiplied by 1.5m multiplied by 1.2m, the length of a side slope is set to be 1.5m, and the inclination angle of the side slope is about 20 degrees; the side slope model box adopts profile steel as a supporting structure and transparent organic glass as a surrounding structure, so that the condition in the box can be observed conveniently, and openings are formed in the four sides of the model box and are respectively formed in the top of the side slope model box and the side where a slope foot is located;
the artificial rainfall system is positioned at the top of the landslide body, the rainwater spraying openings are uniformly distributed, and a rainfall and rainfall duration control system is arranged;
B. firstly, according to the geometric ratio of the similar models, dimension analysis is adopted to determine the similarity ratio of on-site soil body physical mechanical parameters, rainfall duration and transmission tower load, wherein the on-site soil body physical mechanical parameters comprise density, water content, internal friction angle and cohesive force, and the specific parameter results are shown in table 1;
TABLE 1 basic parameter Table of similar model
Preparing a soil mass model material according to a similar material simulation theory and a similar ratio of on-site soil mass physical and mechanical parameters; firstly, testing the physical and mechanical characteristics of a field soil body to obtain density, water content, internal friction angle and cohesive force parameters, then calculating according to the similarity ratio of the parameters to obtain the physical and mechanical parameters of the soil body in a model test, and then preparing a soil body model material by adopting river sand (screened by 2 mm), sliding body soil (screened by 2 mm), tap water and bentonite; manufacturing a landslide body model, wherein the landslide body is made of river sand, landslide body soil and expansive soil, wherein the river sand is mainly used for increasing an internal friction angle and a permeability coefficient, has a good adsorption effect on water and is easy to form a landslide body; the sliding body soil is used for increasing cohesive force and reducing permeability coefficient; the bentonite has the function of reducing the internal friction angle and the deformation modulus; the cohesive force and the internal friction angle of the sliding belt are smaller than those of a sliding body, the sliding belt is simulated by adopting glass beads (screened by 4 mm), and the material can simulate the water permeability of the sliding belt, can simulate the weak shear strength of the sliding belt and accords with the basic physical and mechanical properties of the sliding belt;
then according to the rainfall characteristics of the area where the slope site is located, combining the rainfall similarity ratio and the rainfall duration similarity ratio to determine the rainfall and the rainfall duration in the model test;
the method is characterized in that four seasons are distinct in Badong county, the rainfall is concentrated and is in the range of the rainstorm center in the west Hubei, the average rainfall in many years is 1098.21mm (1953-1990), the maximum rainfall is 1522.4mm (1954), the minimum rainfall is 694.8mm (1960), the rainfall has the characteristic of continuous concentration, 5-9 months are rainy seasons, wherein the rainfall accounts for 60-70% of the annual rainfall, the maximum rainfall per hour of rainstorm is 75.2mm (1991, 8 and 6 days), the maximum rainfall per day reaches 193.3mm (1962, 7 and 15 days), and the maximum rainfall per 7 days is 237.5mm (1991, 8, 7 and 1991, 8 and 14 days);
therefore, according to the hydrological data of the actual engineering area, the rainfall intensity and time of the artificial rainfall system can be calculated and set according to the maximum rainfall of 75.2mm in one-hour rainstorm;
C. filling a side slope model box with a soil body model material, arranging transmission towers with reduced proportion in the side slope model box, wherein the transmission towers comprise burial depth and positions, determining the foundation load of the on-site transmission tower, calculating the load of the transmission tower in a model test according to the load similarity ratio of the transmission tower, and applying the load;
according to the strength characteristic of a transmission tower on the side slope site, manufacturing a transmission tower model according to a geometric ratio and an elastic modulus similarity ratio of a similar model, wherein the elastic modulus similarity ratio is 1;
the relative position relationship of the landslide body and the transmission towers is four, namely that the transmission towers are located in the landslide body, the transmission towers are located below the landslide body, the transmission towers are located at the edge of the landslide body, and the transmission towers are located outside the range of the landslide body, which is specifically shown in fig. 4:
a) when the transmission tower is positioned in the landslide body, the deformation and damage of the landslide can directly influence the stability of the transmission tower; b) when the transmission tower is positioned below a landslide, whether the transmission tower foundation is damaged or not is related to the gliding displacement of the landslide and the accumulation range of a landslide accumulation body; when the transmission tower is positioned outside the front edge of the landslide, the landslide has no influence on the transmission tower, otherwise, the transmission tower is influenced by the landslide; c) when the transmission tower is positioned at the edge of a landslide, whether the transmission tower is positioned at the two sides or the rear edge of the landslide, the nature and the development trend of the landslide are analyzed, predicted and monitored necessarily, and the influence of the landslide on the stability of the transmission tower is judged; d) when the transmission tower is located outside the landslide influence range, the landslide has no influence on the stability of the transmission tower;
determining the size of the transmission tower through similar calculation according to the actual indexes of the transmission tower; the method comprises the following steps that a simulated transmission tower test pile is buried in a landslide area, the pile length is 50cm, the buried depth section is 40cm, the exposed section is 10cm, the diameter of the cross section is 0.5cm, and the diameter of the cross section is set to be 5cm considering that the cross section is too small to conveniently apply load; the modulus of elasticity similarity ratio is 1, and the pile body of the test pile is made of C20 concrete;
the foundation load of the on-site transmission tower comprises a dead weight load or a dead weight load and a wind load or a dead weight load and a snow load, and the wind load and the snow load are obtained by the following method: determining the maximum wind speed and the maximum snow pressure according to the meteorological conditions of the area where the slope site is located, establishing a finite element analysis model according to the size of the site transmission tower, and calculating the wind load caused by the wind speed and the snow load caused by the snow pressure;
D. installing monitoring equipment for the water content of the side slope, the soil pressure, the matrix suction, the rainfall, the soil deformation and the deformation of the transmission tower foundation;
as the indoor test considers that the test times are more and the test conditions are relatively better, the indoor test selects the SWR type soil moisture sensor based on the standing-wave ratio (SWR) method to measure the moisture content; adopting a PDCR-81 micro-pore probe developed and produced by the British DRUCK company to measure the suction force of the matrix; the soil pressure is monitored by adopting a miniature high-precision Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) soil pressure sensor developed by Shandong university; monitoring rainfall by adopting a double-valve capacitance grid type rain gauge; monitoring the displacement change condition of a tower foundation by adopting a linear displacement sensor developed by China institute of Water conservancy and hydropower science; monitoring the deformation condition of a slope soil body by adopting a three-dimensional laser scanning measurement system developed by Wuhan rock and soil of Chinese academy of sciences;
the sensor arrangement positions are shown in fig. 5, (a) in the vertical direction, (b) in the horizontal direction; the soil pressure boxes are uniformly distributed in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction so as to measure the stress in the whole slope body and facilitate the later analysis of the stress field change; the displacement sensor is arranged at an action point of a transmission tower foundation, and the displacement change condition of the transmission tower foundation is recorded in a key way; the water content monitoring sensor and the matrix suction sensor can be arranged together (or adopt a pore water pressure sensor with integrated function), are distributed near the transmission tower foundation, and monitor the corresponding parameter change condition of soil near the transmission tower foundation; the spacing of the sensors is selected according to test conditions and monitoring precision, but the sensors are not too dense, and the mechanical characteristics of the soil body and the seepage path of water in the soil body are influenced by the too dense arrangement of the sensors; the use of different types of sensors is required to follow the use requirements of the sensors;
E. performing model tests under different rainfall conditions (including rainfall time and intensity), and collecting monitoring data;
according to the analysis of the relative position relation between the landslide body and the transmission tower foundation and the rainfall mode, a transmission tower foundation landslide test scheme under the rainfall effect is designed, and the scheme is shown in a table 2;
TABLE 2 Transmission tower foundation landslide test scheme
The following two sets of tests were performed according to the above test design:
one group is no rainfall, and the monitoring indexes comprise transmission tower foundation displacement, soil body deformation and soil pressure; during the test, a pore water pressure sensor is not required to be arranged;
the other group is different rainfall, the applied test rainfall intensity is divided into 7 grades, the highest grade rainfall is obtained by the similarity ratio of the maximum rainfall and the rainfall of the area where the slope site is located, and monitoring indexes comprise water content, soil pressure, matrix suction, rainfall, transmission tower foundation displacement and soil deformation;
the arrangement positions of the monitoring equipment of different experimental groups in the experiment also change along with the experiment, and are generally determined according to the purpose of the experiment; the method comprises the following steps of simultaneously monitoring the water content, the soil pressure, the matrix suction force, the rainfall, the deformation of a soil body and a tower foundation under different working conditions in real time by adopting instruments such as a water content monitoring device, a matrix suction force monitoring device, a soil pressure monitoring device, a rainfall monitoring device and a deformation monitoring device, and recording data through an acquisition instrument; monitoring data abnormity needs to be concerned at any time during rainfall simulation, and after a rainfall test is finished, data are collected for later processing;
F. analyzing a slope instability mechanism based on the geological conditions and rainfall characteristics of a slope site, and the characteristics of the deformation of the transmission tower foundation caused by rainfall, landslide deformation stress and the evolution rule of the characteristics along with rainfall intensity;
when the monitoring data is analyzed and processed, the monitoring data is analyzed and verified by using Geostudio software or FLAC3D software.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A physical model test method for high-voltage transmission tower foundation landslide under the action of rainfall is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. firstly, according to geological conditions of a test slope site and basic conditions of a model test, determining a geometric ratio of similar models, reducing an actual landslide body in equal proportion to manufacture a slope model box, and then setting an artificial rainfall system according to rainfall characteristics of an area where the slope site is located;
B. firstly, determining the similarity ratio of on-site soil physical mechanical parameters, rainfall duration and transmission tower load by adopting dimension analysis according to the geometric ratio of similar models, and then preparing soil model materials according to the similar material simulation theory and the similarity ratio of the on-site soil physical mechanical parameters;
C. filling a side slope model box with a soil body model material, arranging transmission towers with reduced proportion in the side slope model box, determining the foundation load of the on-site transmission tower, calculating the load of the transmission tower in the model test according to the load similarity ratio of the transmission tower, and applying the load;
D. installing monitoring equipment for the water content of the side slope, the soil pressure, the matrix suction, the rainfall, the soil deformation and the deformation of the transmission tower foundation;
E. carrying out model tests under different rainfall conditions, and collecting monitoring data;
F. and analyzing a slope instability mechanism based on the geological conditions and the rainfall characteristics of the slope site, and the characteristics of the deformation of the transmission tower foundation caused by rainfall, the landslide deformation stress and the evolution rule of the rainfall along with the characteristics of the rainfall according to the monitoring data.
2. The method for testing the physical model of the landslide of the foundation of the high-voltage transmission tower under the action of rainfall according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step A, the side slope model box adopts section steel as a supporting structure, adopts transparent organic glass as a surrounding structure, and is provided with openings at the top of the side slope model box and the surface where the slope feet are located.
3. The method for testing the physical model of the landslide of the foundation of the high-voltage transmission tower under the action of rainfall according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
in the step A, the artificial rainfall system is positioned at the top of the landslide body, the rainwater spraying openings are uniformly distributed, and a rainfall and rainfall duration control system is arranged;
and step B, determining the rainfall and the rainfall duration in the model test according to the rainfall characteristics of the area where the slope site is located and by combining the rainfall similarity ratio and the rainfall duration similarity ratio.
4. The method for testing the physical model of the landslide of the foundation of the high-voltage transmission tower under the action of rainfall according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
in the step B, the on-site soil physical and mechanical parameters comprise density, water content, internal friction angle and cohesive force;
firstly, testing the physical and mechanical characteristics of the on-site soil body to obtain the density, water content, internal friction angle and cohesive force parameters, then calculating according to the similarity ratio of all the parameters to obtain the physical and mechanical parameters of the soil body in the model test, and then preparing the soil body model material by adopting the river sand, the slippery soil, tap water and the bentonite.
5. The method for testing the physical model of the landslide of the foundation of the high-voltage transmission tower under the action of rainfall according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and C, manufacturing a transmission tower model according to the strength characteristic of the transmission tower on the side slope site and the geometric ratio and the elastic modulus similarity ratio of the similar model, wherein the elastic modulus similarity ratio is 1.
6. The method for testing the physical model of the landslide of the foundation of the high-voltage transmission tower under the action of rainfall according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the relative position relation of the landslide body and the transmission towers is four, namely the transmission towers are positioned in the landslide body, the transmission towers are positioned below the landslide body, the transmission towers are positioned at the edge of the landslide body, and the transmission towers are positioned outside the range of the landslide body.
7. The method for testing the physical model of the landslide of the foundation of the high-voltage transmission tower under the action of rainfall according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the step C, the foundation load of the on-site transmission tower comprises a dead weight load or a dead weight load and a wind load or a dead weight load and a snow load.
8. The method for testing the physical model of the landslide of the foundation of the high-voltage transmission tower under the action of rainfall according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the wind load and the snow load are obtained by the following method:
the method comprises the steps of determining the maximum wind speed and the maximum snow pressure according to the meteorological conditions of the area where a slope site is located, establishing a finite element analysis model according to the size of a site transmission tower, and calculating the wind load caused by the wind speed and the snow load caused by the snow pressure.
9. The method for testing the physical model of the landslide of the foundation of the high-voltage transmission tower under the action of rainfall according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step E specifically comprises the following two groups of model tests:
one group is no rainfall, and the monitoring indexes comprise transmission tower foundation displacement, soil body deformation and soil pressure;
the other group is different rainfall, the applied test rainfall intensity is divided into 7 grades, the highest grade rainfall is obtained through the similarity ratio of the maximum rainfall and the rainfall of the area where the slope site is located, and the monitoring indexes comprise water content, soil pressure, matrix suction, rainfall, transmission tower foundation displacement and soil deformation.
10. The method for testing the physical model of the landslide of the foundation of the high-voltage transmission tower under the action of rainfall according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step F, when analyzing and processing the monitoring data, the monitoring data is analyzed and verified by using Geostudio software or FLAC3D software.
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