CN208198121U - Integrated hybrid energy source interface circuit topological structure for electric automobile - Google Patents

Integrated hybrid energy source interface circuit topological structure for electric automobile Download PDF

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CN208198121U
CN208198121U CN201820696236.7U CN201820696236U CN208198121U CN 208198121 U CN208198121 U CN 208198121U CN 201820696236 U CN201820696236 U CN 201820696236U CN 208198121 U CN208198121 U CN 208198121U
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interface circuit
power battery
battery unit
energy
energy source
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丁石川
尉宝磊
杭俊
张鹏
柳璐
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Anhui University
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Abstract

本实用新型公开了一种用于电动汽车的一体化混合能量源接口电路拓扑结构,包括连接动力电池单元与直流母线的双向DC‑DC接口电路一、由电感元件和开关网络构成的动力电池单元和超级电容单元之间的接口电路二、连接超级电容单元与直流母线的双向DC‑DC接口电路三。本实用新型的拓扑结构不同于以往的混合能量源接口电路,动力电池和超级电容两种能量源均具有与直流母线相连的双向DC‑DC接口电路,特别是直接连接两种能量源的接口电路二可以利用混合能量源系统自身的结构,以组成混合能量源的超级电容模块为核心构建动力电池单元的电压均衡电路,实现各串联的动力电池单体电压在充放电过程中动静态均衡的目的,无需额外辅助均压装置。

The utility model discloses a topological structure of an integrated hybrid energy source interface circuit for an electric vehicle, comprising a bidirectional DC-DC interface circuit connecting a power battery unit and a DC bus bar. 1. A power battery unit composed of an inductance element and a switch network Interface circuit two between the supercapacitor unit and the bidirectional DC-DC interface circuit three connecting the supercapacitor unit and the DC bus. The topology structure of the utility model is different from the previous hybrid energy source interface circuit. Both the power battery and the super capacitor have a bidirectional DC-DC interface circuit connected to the DC bus, especially an interface circuit directly connected to the two energy sources. Second, the structure of the hybrid energy source system can be used to build a voltage equalization circuit for the power battery unit with the supercapacitor module forming the hybrid energy source as the core, so as to achieve the purpose of dynamic and static balance of the voltage of each series-connected power battery unit during the charging and discharging process , without additional auxiliary pressure equalization device.

Description

一种用于电动汽车的一体化混合能量源接口电路拓扑结构An Integrated Hybrid Energy Source Interface Circuit Topology for Electric Vehicles

技术领域technical field

本实用新型涉及储能技术、电源领域,特指一种用于电动汽车的一体化混合能量源接口电路拓扑结构,适用于电动汽车、城市轨道交通等混合储能系统。The utility model relates to the field of energy storage technology and power supply, in particular to an integrated hybrid energy source interface circuit topology structure for electric vehicles, which is suitable for hybrid energy storage systems such as electric vehicles and urban rail transit.

背景技术Background technique

受世界石油资源蕴藏量有限性的制约,以及经济的发展对石油依赖性程度的不断增加,当前石油资源紧缺使得世界各汽车大国面临巨大的挑战。从环境保护的角度看,燃油车辆在大量消耗石油资源的同时又污染了环境。在石油短缺,公众环保意识显著增强,政府推动、法律法规日臻完善,以及民众对电动汽车认可程度提高的大环境下,电动汽车正在引领世界汽车业的发展潮流。可靠、高效和低成本的动力系统是电动汽车的关键,其中的能量存储技术是目前制约电动汽车发展的关键因素之一,以锂电池为代表的动力电池,能量密度出色,但是功率密度和循环寿命的指标一般,尤其是大电流输出本身会进一步降低循环寿命。超级电容器作为一种新型的储能元件,其循环寿命性能优越,功率密度突出,但能量密度较低,因此可以作为辅助能源,和能量密度大的动力电池构成电动汽车的混合能量源,兼顾两种单一储能源的优势,弥补传统电动汽车的不足之处。Restricted by the limited reserves of oil resources in the world and the increasing dependence of economic development on oil, the current shortage of oil resources has made the world's major automobile countries face huge challenges. From the perspective of environmental protection, fuel vehicles pollute the environment while consuming a large amount of oil resources. Under the environment of oil shortage, public awareness of environmental protection has increased significantly, government promotion, laws and regulations have been improved day by day, and people's recognition of electric vehicles has increased, electric vehicles are leading the development trend of the world's automobile industry. A reliable, efficient and low-cost power system is the key to electric vehicles, and the energy storage technology is one of the key factors restricting the development of electric vehicles at present. The power battery represented by lithium battery has excellent energy density, but the power density and cycle The indicators of life are general, especially the high current output itself will further reduce the cycle life. As a new type of energy storage element, supercapacitor has superior cycle life performance and outstanding power density, but its energy density is low, so it can be used as an auxiliary energy source, and a power battery with high energy density constitutes a hybrid energy source for electric vehicles. The advantages of a single energy storage make up for the shortcomings of traditional electric vehicles.

通常情况下,电动汽车的混合储能系统是由不同的储能单元通过特定的接口电路以一定的连接方式连接而成,现有的连接方式主要包括:1、动力电池单元与超级电容单元直接并联于直流母线;2、动力电池单元与双向DC-DC接口电路串联后再与超级电容单元并联于直流母线;3、超级电容单元与双向DC-DC接口电路串联后再与动力电池单元并联于直流母线;4、动力电池单元和超级电容单元都分别通过双向DC-DC接口电路并联于直流母线这四种连接方式。不同的连接拓扑不仅会直接影响到各个储能单元发挥其优势特性,而且也会影响到能量管理的效果,因而不同的连接方式决定了混合储能系统的不同性能。Normally, the hybrid energy storage system of an electric vehicle is composed of different energy storage units connected in a certain connection way through a specific interface circuit. The existing connection methods mainly include: 1. The power battery unit and the supercapacitor unit directly 2. The power battery unit is connected in series with the bidirectional DC-DC interface circuit and then connected in parallel with the supercapacitor unit on the DC busbar; 3. The supercapacitor unit is connected in series with the bidirectional DC-DC interface circuit and then connected in parallel with the power battery unit. DC bus; 4. The power battery unit and the supercapacitor unit are respectively connected in parallel to the DC bus through a bidirectional DC-DC interface circuit. Different connection topologies will not only directly affect the advantages of each energy storage unit, but also affect the effect of energy management. Therefore, different connection methods determine the different performances of hybrid energy storage systems.

动力电池单元是电动汽车混合能量源的核心部件,而单个动力电池的电压等级低,要想得到电压等级高的动力电池组必须由多个动力电池单体串联得到。在动力电池在串联使用时,端电压的不一致会影响整个动力电池单元的利用率和使用寿命,限制了其广泛应用。在传统混合能量源系统中,储能单元的连接方式较为单一,缺乏针对担负连接功能的电力电子接口电路的拓扑结构的研究,尤其是现有的拓扑结构均未考虑不同储能单元之间的直接连接,不进行直接互连,这固然简化了系统的组成和控制,割裂了混合储能系统的整体性,制约了不同储能源各自优势特性互补发挥。The power battery unit is the core component of the hybrid energy source of electric vehicles, and the voltage level of a single power battery is low. To obtain a power battery pack with a high voltage level, multiple power battery cells must be connected in series. When the power battery is used in series, the inconsistency of the terminal voltage will affect the utilization rate and service life of the whole power battery unit, which limits its wide application. In the traditional hybrid energy source system, the connection mode of the energy storage unit is relatively simple, and there is a lack of research on the topology of the power electronic interface circuit responsible for the connection function, especially the existing topology does not consider the interaction between different energy storage units. Direct connection without direct interconnection simplifies the composition and control of the system, splits the integrity of the hybrid energy storage system, and restricts the complementary play of the advantages and characteristics of different energy storage sources.

实用新型内容Utility model content

本实用新型的目的是为了克服现有混合能量源电动汽车技术的不足,提供一种用于电动汽车的一体化混合能量源接口电路拓扑结构,该接口电路的拓扑连接方式可分别实现两种储能源与直流母线间能量的独立控制,而且该拓扑自身不仅可以实现两种能量源的直接能量交换,还可以基于分时复用的原则实现动力电池单元的均压功能。相比较传统的混合能量源拓扑,使用较少的元器件,实现了高速度、高效率、低成本的动力电池单元动静态均压技术和两种储能源间优势特性的互补发挥,有效提高动力电池单元使用寿命和整车动力性能,为再生制动能量回收提供了更大的灵活性。The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the deficiencies of the existing hybrid energy source electric vehicle technology and provide an integrated hybrid energy source interface circuit topology for electric vehicles. The topology connection mode of the interface circuit can respectively realize two storage Independent control of the energy between the energy source and the DC bus, and the topology itself can not only realize the direct energy exchange of the two energy sources, but also realize the voltage equalization function of the power battery unit based on the principle of time-division multiplexing. Compared with the traditional hybrid energy source topology, it uses fewer components and realizes high-speed, high-efficiency, and low-cost power battery unit dynamic and static voltage equalization technology and the complementary play of the advantages of the two energy storages, effectively improving power. The service life of the battery unit and the power performance of the vehicle provide greater flexibility for regenerative braking energy recovery.

本实用新型采用的技术方案:一种用于电动汽车的一体化混合能量源接口电路拓扑结构,该拓扑结构包括:The technical solution adopted by the utility model: an integrated hybrid energy source interface circuit topology structure for electric vehicles, the topology structure includes:

连接动力电池单元与直流母线的双向DC-DC接口电路一,Bidirectional DC-DC interface circuit 1 connecting the power battery unit and the DC bus,

由电感元件和开关网络构成的动力电池单元和超级电容单元之间的接口电路二,The interface circuit between the power battery unit and the supercapacitor unit composed of inductive elements and switching networks II,

连接超级电容单元与直流母线的双向DC-DC接口电路三;A bidirectional DC-DC interface circuit three connecting the supercapacitor unit and the DC bus;

所述动力电池单元和超级电容单元分别通过双向DC-DC接口电路一和双向DC-DC接口电路三实现与直流母线间能量交换的独立控制;The power battery unit and the supercapacitor unit realize independent control of energy exchange with the DC bus through the first bidirectional DC-DC interface circuit and the third bidirectional DC-DC interface circuit;

以超级电容单元为核心,以直接连接两种能量源的接口电路二为平衡电路,构建动力电池单元的电压均衡电路;With the supercapacitor unit as the core and the interface circuit 2 directly connected to the two energy sources as the balance circuit, the voltage balance circuit of the power battery unit is constructed;

利用无损元件超级电容作为动力电池单元均压的媒介,实现各串联的动力电池单体电压在充放电过程中动静态均衡;Use the non-destructive component supercapacitor as the medium of the voltage equalization of the power battery unit to realize the dynamic and static balance of the voltage of each series-connected power battery unit during the charging and discharging process;

根据分时复用的原则,直接连接两种能量源的接口电路二实现动力电池和超级电容两类储能源的直接能量交换。According to the principle of time-division multiplexing, the interface circuit 2 directly connected to the two energy sources realizes the direct energy exchange between the power battery and the supercapacitor.

有益效果:Beneficial effect:

1)动力电池和超级电容两类能量源均具有与直流母线相连的双向DC-DC接口电路,可分别实现两种储能源与直流母线间能量的独立控制。1) Both the power battery and the supercapacitor have a bidirectional DC-DC interface circuit connected to the DC bus, which can realize independent control of the energy between the two energy storage and the DC bus.

2)直接连接两种能量源接口电路拓扑结构的设计使得该装置自身可以实现动力电池单元的均压功能,无需为动力电池单元附加额外的均压装置。从而有效地减小了额外元器件的使用,整个装置成本低,重量体积小。2) The topology design of the interface circuit directly connecting the two energy sources enables the device itself to realize the voltage equalization function of the power battery unit without adding an additional voltage equalization device to the power battery unit. Therefore, the use of additional components is effectively reduced, the cost of the whole device is low, and the weight and volume are small.

3)直接连接两种能量源接口电路拓扑结构的设计使得两种能量源之间具有直接的“能量传递通道”,可以实现能量的双向交换,从而互补发挥两种储能源的优势特性,有效提高动力电池单元的循环使用寿命,提升能量源的输出品质进而增加车辆的动力性能,并且还可以为再生制动能量的回收提供了更大的灵活性和更多优化选择。3) The topology design of the interface circuit that directly connects two energy sources enables a direct "energy transfer channel" between the two energy sources, which can realize two-way exchange of energy, thereby complementing the advantages of the two energy storage characteristics and effectively improving energy efficiency. The cycle life of the power battery unit improves the output quality of the energy source to increase the power performance of the vehicle, and also provides greater flexibility and more optimization options for the recovery of regenerative braking energy.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本实用新型的装置结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the device structure of the present invention.

图2a和图2b为接口电路均压工作示意图。Fig. 2a and Fig. 2b are schematic diagrams of voltage equalization work of the interface circuit.

图3a和图3b为接口电路均压控制流程图。Fig. 3a and Fig. 3b are flow charts of voltage equalization control of the interface circuit.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本实用新型作更进一步的说明。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment, the utility model is described further.

如图1所示,一种用于电动汽车的一体化混合能量源接口电路拓扑结构,该拓扑结构包括:连接动力电池单元与直流母线的双向DC-DC接口电路一1,由电感元件和开关网络构成的动力电池单元和超级电容单元之间的接口电路二2,连接超级电容单元与直流母线的双向DC-DC接口电路三3;As shown in Figure 1, an integrated hybrid energy source interface circuit topology for electric vehicles, the topology includes: a bidirectional DC-DC interface circuit-1 connecting the power battery unit and the DC bus, consisting of inductive elements and switches The interface circuit two 2 between the power battery unit and the supercapacitor unit formed by the network, and the bidirectional DC-DC interface circuit three 3 connecting the supercapacitor unit and the DC bus;

所述动力电池单元和超级电容单元分别通过双向DC-DC接口电路一1和双向DC-DC接口电路三3实现与直流母线间能量交换的独立控制;以超级电容单元为核心,以直接连接两种能量源的接口电路二2为平衡电路,构建动力电池单元的电压均衡电路;利用无损元件超级电容作为动力电池单元均压的媒介,实现各串联的动力电池单体电压在充放电过程中动静态均衡;根据分时复用的原则,直接连接两种能量源的接口电路二2实现动力电池和超级电容两类储能源的直接能量交换。The power battery unit and the supercapacitor unit realize independent control of energy exchange with the DC bus through the bidirectional DC-DC interface circuit 1 and the bidirectional DC-DC interface circuit 3 respectively; with the supercapacitor unit as the core, the two The interface circuit 2 of this kind of energy source is a balance circuit, which constructs the voltage equalization circuit of the power battery unit; uses the non-destructive component supercapacitor as the medium of the power battery unit voltage equalization, and realizes that the voltage of each series-connected power battery unit is dynamically adjusted during the charging and discharging process. Static balance; according to the principle of time-division multiplexing, the interface circuit 2 directly connected to the two energy sources realizes the direct energy exchange between the power battery and the super capacitor.

图2是由超级电容和接口电路构成的单个均压模块对两个相邻电池单体在充放电过程中均压的工作示意图(分析时不失一般性,选用蓄电池的内阻模型,且假设内阻RESR1>RESR2)。其充放电均压控制流程图如图3所示。Figure 2 is a working diagram of a single voltage equalization module composed of a supercapacitor and an interface circuit that equalizes the voltage of two adjacent battery cells during the charging and discharging process (the analysis does not lose generality, the internal resistance model of the battery is selected, and the assumption Internal resistance R ESR1 >R ESR2 ). Its charge and discharge voltage equalization control flow chart is shown in Figure 3.

充电时,端电压UB1>UB2,若端电压最大值UB1超过充电允许的最大端电压设定值Ua,则结束充电过程;若两电压的差值超过最大允许压差Ug,则通过改变对两个电池单体充电电流的平均值来达到电压均衡的目的。即通过开关的动作先让端电压高的电池给超级电容充电(状态1),然后超级电容对端电压低的电池单体放电(状态2),则整个充电过程中两个电池单体端电压分别为:When charging, the terminal voltage U B1 >U B2 , if the maximum value of the terminal voltage U B1 exceeds the maximum allowable terminal voltage setting value U a , the charging process will end; if the difference between the two voltages exceeds the maximum allowable voltage difference U g , The purpose of voltage balance is achieved by changing the average value of the charging current of the two battery cells. That is, through the action of the switch, the battery with high terminal voltage is charged to the supercapacitor (state 1), and then the supercapacitor is discharged to the battery cell with low terminal voltage (state 2), then the terminal voltage of the two battery cells during the entire charging process They are:

UB1=EB+RESR1×(I-D×I1)U B1 =E B +R ESR1 ×(ID×I 1 )

UB2=EB+RESR2×(I+(1-D)×I2)U B2 =E B +R ESR2 ×(I+(1-D)×I 2 )

直至UB1-UB2≤Ug,开关停止动作,结束均压。这一过程示意图如图2a所示,充电均压控制流程图如图3a所示。Until U B1 -U B2 ≤ U g , the switch stops acting and pressure equalization ends. The schematic diagram of this process is shown in Figure 2a, and the flow chart of charging voltage equalization control is shown in Figure 3a.

放电时,端电压UB1<UB2,若端电压最小值UB1小于放电允许的最小端电压设定值Ub,则结束放电过程;若两电压的差值超过最大允许压差Ug,则依然通过改变对两个电池单体充电电流的平均值来达到电压均衡的目的。即通过开关的动作先让端电压高的电池给超级电容充电(状态1),然后超级电容对端电压低的电池单体放电(状态2),则整个放电过程中两个电池单体端电压分别为:When discharging, the terminal voltage U B1 < U B2 , if the minimum terminal voltage U B1 is less than the minimum terminal voltage setting value U b allowed for discharge, the discharge process will end; if the difference between the two voltages exceeds the maximum allowable voltage difference U g , The purpose of voltage balance is still achieved by changing the average value of the charging current of the two battery cells. That is, through the action of the switch, let the battery with high terminal voltage charge the supercapacitor (state 1), and then discharge the supercapacitor to the battery cell with low terminal voltage (state 2), then the terminal voltage of the two battery cells during the entire discharge process They are:

UB1=EB-RESR1×(I-(1-D)×I1)U B1 =E B -R ESR1 ×(I-(1-D)×I 1 )

UB2=EB-RESR2×(I+D×I2)U B2 =E B -R ESR2 ×(I+D×I 2 )

直至UB1-UB2≤Ug,开关停止动作,结束均压。这一过程示意图如图2b所示。放电均压控制流程图如图3b所示。Until U B1 -U B2 ≤ U g , the switch stops acting and pressure equalization ends. A schematic diagram of this process is shown in Figure 2b. The flow chart of discharge voltage equalization control is shown in Figure 3b.

为了进一步说明本实用新型中所涉及接口电路的具体工作方式,选择直接连接两种能量源进行能量交换的接口电路为例来说明本实用新型的具体工作原理,即两种能量源之间通过接口电路进行能量交换的过程,开关元件用电力电子开关管MOSFET代替,如图3所示。In order to further illustrate the specific working mode of the interface circuit involved in the utility model, an interface circuit directly connected to two energy sources for energy exchange is chosen as an example to illustrate the specific working principle of the utility model, that is, the two energy sources are connected through the interface During the energy exchange process of the circuit, the switching element is replaced by a power electronic switching tube MOSFET, as shown in Figure 3.

图3a是对超级电容进行充电的过程,能量由动力电池传递到超级电容。首先使开关管M1、M2开通,动力电池通过这两个开关管给电感L1、L2充电;然后保持M1开通而使M2关断此时动力电池和电感L1、L2中储存的电能通过M1和VD3给超级电容充电。以上过程就实现了电能从动力电池到超级电容的传递。Figure 3a is the process of charging the supercapacitor, and the energy is transferred from the power battery to the supercapacitor. First turn on the switch tubes M 1 and M 2 , and the power battery charges the inductors L 1 and L 2 through these two switch tubes; then keep M 1 on and turn off M 2 at this time, the power battery and the inductors L 1 and L 2 The electric energy stored in the supercapacitor is charged through M1 and VD3 . The above process realizes the transmission of electric energy from the power battery to the supercapacitor.

附图3b是对超级电容进行放电的过程,能量由超级电容传递到动力电池。首先使开关管M3开通,超级电容通过VD1和M3给动力电池充电,同时电感L1、L2储存电能;然后使M3关断此时电感L1、L2中储存的电能通过VD1、VD3给动力电池继续充电。以上过程就实现了电能从超级电容到动力电池的传递。Figure 3b is the process of discharging the supercapacitor, and the energy is transferred from the supercapacitor to the power battery. First turn on the switch tube M3, the supercapacitor charges the power battery through VD1 and M3, and at the same time the inductors L1 and L2 store electric energy ; then turn off M3 and the electric energy stored in the inductors L1 and L2 passes through VD 1 and VD 3 continue to charge the power battery. The above process realizes the transmission of electric energy from the supercapacitor to the power battery.

应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本实用新型原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本实用新型的保护范围。本实施例中未明确的各组成部分均可用现有技术加以实现。It should be pointed out that those skilled in the art can make some improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the utility model, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the utility model. All components that are not specified in this embodiment can be realized by existing technologies.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of integrated hybrid energy sources interface circuit topological structure for electric car, it is characterised in that: topology knot Structure includes:
The bi-directional DC-DC interface circuit one of power battery unit and DC bus is connected,
By the interface circuit two between inductance element and switching network the power battery unit constituted and supercapacitive cell,
Connect the bi-directional DC-DC interface circuit three of supercapacitive cell and DC bus;
The power battery unit and supercapacitive cell pass through bi-directional DC-DC interface circuit one and bi-directional DC-DC interface respectively Circuit three realizes the independent control of the energy exchange between DC bus;
Using supercapacitive cell as core, to be directly connected to the interface circuits two of two kinds of energy sources as balancing circuitry, construction force The voltage balance circuit of battery unit;
The medium pressed using lossless element super capacitor as power battery unit realizes each concatenated power battery monomer electricity It is pressed in charge and discharge process and moves static equilibrium;
According to the principle of time-sharing multiplex, the interface circuit two for being directly connected to two kinds of energy sources realizes power battery and super capacitor two The DIRECT ENERGY in class energy storage source exchanges.
CN201820696236.7U 2018-05-10 2018-05-10 Integrated hybrid energy source interface circuit topological structure for electric automobile Expired - Fee Related CN208198121U (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108422869A (en) * 2018-05-10 2018-08-21 安徽大学 Integrated hybrid energy source interface circuit topological structure for electric automobile

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108422869A (en) * 2018-05-10 2018-08-21 安徽大学 Integrated hybrid energy source interface circuit topological structure for electric automobile

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