CN207833764U - A kind of underground engineering geological disaster teaching demonstration device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model is related to a kind of underground engineering geological disaster teaching demonstration devices, including top to be equipped with open steel plate box, and analog unit is equipped in the steel plate box；Vibration control apparatus is equipped between the steel plate box and the analog unit；In the analog unit filler is simulated filled with basement rock；The side wall of the analog unit is equipped with strip-shaped groove, the side wall of the analog unit is equipped with glass plate, it is equipped with subsider, funnel-shaped recesses, muddy water slot and muddy water migration pathway above the strip-shaped groove, steel wire is equipped between the bottom of the subsider and the strip-shaped groove；Plaster block is equipped in the strip-shaped groove.The utility model has the beneficial effects that：It can obviously observe that prominent mud of deformation displacement slump, surface subsidence, surface subsidence and the gushing water of karst region of Rock And Soil etc. is specific when illustratively descending Geological Hazard and destroy situation, illustrate formation and the motion process of underground engineering geological disaster on the whole.

Description

A kind of underground engineering geological disaster teaching demonstration device

Technical field

The utility model is related to urban underground space engineering or Geological Engineering teaching and ambit more particularly to one kind to answer A kind of underground engineering geological disaster teaching demonstration device used for course teachings such as engineering geology and Tunnel Engineering.

Background technology

Engineering geology, Tunnel Engineering are relatively attached most importance to as the profession such as building, urban underground space engineering, water conservancy, Geological Engineering The basis wanted and specialized courses play more next under the historical background of current traffic high speed development in personnel training More important role.How by visualization tool, classroom efficiency is more efficiently improved, convenient for explanation engineering geology and tunnel Priority and difficulty in the courses such as road engineering has become a current important topic.

Gushing water prominent mud, the deformation displacement slump of Rock And Soil, surface subsidence, surface subsidence that Underground Engineering Excavation is induced etc. The various underground engineering geological disasters induced by tunnel excavation are common one of geological disasters, directly affect subway, tunnel, The construction of the engineerings such as underground chamber.The basic reason of underground engineering geological disaster is caused to be in the digging process of underground engineering, Unloading causes the stress relieved of Rock And Soil, top Rock And Soil to lose original stability, under its own gravity and primary stress effect, Rock And Soil takes place deformation displacement slump, surface subsidence, surface subsidence, karst region even occur gushing water dash forward mud phenomena such as. During classroom instruction, tunnel excavation is stablized as important chapters and sections content, also most commonly seen in Practical Project problem.But In teaching process, due to lacking relevant presentation experimental model, only rely on theoretical instruction can not be to underground engineering geology calamity Evil makes relatively complete displaying, causes student not firm enough to grasps such as related content and origin mechanisms.

Before the utility model, 104751725 A of Chinese patent CN disclose a kind of slope and land slide teaching demonstration device And test method, illustrate the various works such as rainfall infiltration, the loading of side slope top, seismic dynamic loading, top reservoir filling for demonstrating The slope and land slide caused under condition coupling condition, but its apparatus system ignore it is a series of caused by field working conditions tunnel excavation Geological Hazard gets over the teaching demonstration of tunnel underground engineering geological disaster in the epoch of railway tunnel high speed development instantly Come get over it is necessary to.

Therefore it needs a kind of form of utility model to be simple and convenient to operate, Underground Engineering Excavation, seismic dynamic loading can be simulated Etc. deformation displacement slump, surface subsidence, surface subsidence and the gushing water of karst region of top Rock And Soil caused by operating modes dash forward mud Instructional device and test method, for disclosing the formation mechanics of geological hazards caused by Underground Engineering Excavation.

Utility model content

The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide many underground engineering geological disaster teaching demonstration devices, moulds Under the various working conditions such as quasi- Underground Engineering Excavation, horizontal earthquake dynamic load, vertical seismic action dynamic load caused gushing water dash forward mud, The deformation displacement slump of Rock And Soil, surface subsidence, surface subsidence, system demonstrate the destruction machine of underground engineering geological disaster comprehensively System.

The technical solution that the utility model solves above-mentioned technical problem is as follows：A kind of underground engineering geological disaster teaching demonstration Device, including top are equipped with open steel plate box, are equipped with analog unit in the steel plate box, the bottom of the analog unit is located at In the steel plate box；It is equipped between the steel plate box and the analog unit for controlling shaking for the analog unit direction of vibration Dynamic control device；Filled with for simulating the basement rock simulation filler for not excavating basement rock in the analog unit；The analog unit Side wall be equipped with strip-shaped groove for simulating tunnel excavation, the side wall of the analog unit is equipped with described for blocking The glass plate of the notch of strip-shaped groove, the strip-shaped groove top is equipped with the subsider for simulating surface subsidence, described The bottom end of subsider is connected to the strip-shaped groove, and steel is equipped between the bottom of the subsider and the strip-shaped groove Silk screen；The top of the strip-shaped groove be equipped with for simulate landslide funnel-shaped recesses, the bottom of the funnel-shaped recesses and The strip-shaped groove connection；The top of the strip-shaped groove is equipped with the muddy water slot for simulating the prominent mud of gushing water and is used to incite somebody to action The muddy water migration pathway that the muddy water slot is connected to the strip-shaped groove, the strip-shaped groove are interior equipped with described for filling The plaster block of strip-shaped groove.

The utility model has the beneficial effects that：Model Practical, easy to operate, visualization is strong, in demonstration underground engineering The prominent of the deformation displacement slump of Rock And Soil, surface subsidence, surface subsidence and karst region can be obviously observed when geological disaster Water is dashed forward, and mud etc. is specific to destroy situation, illustrates formation and the motion process of underground engineering geological disaster on the whole.It can be achieved ground Underground under the various operating modes such as lower engineering excavation effect, horizontal earthquake effect, vertical earthquake effect or various working coupling condition Geological Hazard pilot demonstration.

Based on the above technical solution, the utility model can also do following improvement.

Further, the both ends of the strip-shaped groove each extend over out the analog unit, and the strip-shaped groove One end is the first notch for simulating tunnel portal, and the other end is the second notch for simulating tunnel exit；The subsider is located at institute Strip-shaped groove is stated close to the top of one end of first notch, the funnel-shaped recesses are located at the length of the strip-shaped groove Spend the top at the middle part in direction；The muddy water slot and the muddy water migration pathway are located at the strip-shaped groove close to described second The top of one end of notch.

Advantageous effect using above-mentioned further scheme is：First notch and the second notch are set, it is then recessed from strip Slot close to the direction of the top of the first notch to the top of the second notch set gradually subsider, funnel-shaped recesses and on divide into The muddy water slot and muddy water migration pathway set can be recessed in strip successively when extracting plaster block outward successively from the first indentation, there Slot is located at simulation surface subsidence at the lower section of subsider, landslide is simulated at the lower section positioned at funnel-shaped recesses, positioned at muddy water The prominent mud of gushing water is simulated at the lower section of slot and muddy water migration pathway.

Further, the plaster block is equipped with the iron for dragging the plaster block outward towards one end of first notch Hook.

Advantageous effect using above-mentioned further scheme is：The setting of iron hook is convenient to extract plaster block outward.

Further, the quantity of the plaster block is multiple, and multiple plaster block mounted on top are at double-layer structure, two layers of institute Plaster block mounted on top is stated in the strip-shaped groove.

Advantageous effect using above-mentioned further scheme is：Multiple plaster blocks are set, and multiple plaster blocks are stacked into more than two layers Row, successively from the first indentation, there extract plaster block, successively reduce subsider below support, the support below funnel-shaped recesses with And the support below muddy water slot and muddy water migration pathway.

Further, the spring lever for opening and closing the muddy water migration pathway is equipped in the muddy water migration pathway Switch.

Advantageous effect using above-mentioned further scheme is：The setting of spring lever switch can be realized to muddy water migration pathway Opening and closing.

Further, the spring lever switch includes catch, compressed spring, lever, lever seat and connecting rod, the thick stick The middle part of bar is fixed on by lever seat on the outer wall of the analog unit, one end of the lever by the compressed spring with The catch is fixedly connected, and the catch is located in the muddy water migration pathway, the compressed spring close to the catch one End abuts the outer wall of the analog unit；The other end of the lever is fixedly connected with one end of the connecting rod, the connecting rod The other end be inserted into the strip-shaped groove from second notch.

Advantageous effect using above-mentioned further scheme is：One end of connecting rod is inserted into strip-shaped groove from the second notch It is interior, the support to connecting rod by plaster block may be implemented, by lever principle, the other end of lever drives catch to be inserted into mud Muddy water migration pathway is realized in water migration pathway and is closed, when plaster block removes, under the action of compressed spring, block removes Muddy water migration pathway realizes the unlatching of muddy water migration pathway.

Further, the vibration control apparatus includes vertical T-type pin, horizontal T-type pin, vertical steel spring, level Steel spring, work shape mounting base and ball, the vertical T-type pin are arranged in the bottom of the steel plate box, the vertical T-type The top of pin is equipped with multiple steel balls；Multiple horizontal T-type pins are horizontally set on each side wall of the steel plate box respectively On, the end face of the one end of the horizontal T-type pin towards the analog unit is equipped with multiple steel balls；The work shape mounting base is set In the bottom of the analog unit, it is located between the bottom surface and the inner bottom surface of the steel plate box of the analog unit, the work shape The bottom of mounting base is equipped with the ball, is equipped with spring top cover at the top of the work shape mounting base, the spring top cover with The vertical steel spring is equipped between the work shape mounting base；Multiple horizontal steel springs are fixed on the steel plate box On each madial wall, it is located between the madial wall and the lateral wall of the analog unit of the steel plate box.

Advantageous effect using above-mentioned further scheme is：Horizontal T-type pin is realized to the horizontal direction of analog unit Locking, vertical T-type pin realize the locking to analog unit vertical direction；Make analog unit when adjusting vertical T-type pin When bottom is placed on spring top cover, the vertical tremor of analog unit may be implemented under the action of vertical steel spring；Work as adjusting When horizontal T-type pin makes horizontal T-type pin be detached from the side wall of analog unit, horizontal steel spring abuts the side of analog unit Wall realizes analog unit vibrations in the horizontal direction；The bottom of analog unit is made to be placed in bullet when adjusting vertical T-type pin simultaneously It on spring head cover, and adjusts horizontal T-type pin and horizontal T-type pin is made to be detached from the side wall of analog unit so that horizontal steel bullet Spring abuts the side wall of analog unit, realizes vibrations of the analog unit in the horizontal direction and on vertical direction.

Further, the bottom surface inside the steel plate box is equipped with L-shaped steel tank, and the vertical T-type pin is mounted on the L-shaped On steel tank.

Advantageous effect using above-mentioned further scheme is：Vertical T-type pin is installed by L-shaped steel tank, is avoided It drills on the bottom of steel plate box.

Further, the top and bottom of the strip-shaped groove are equipped with several light sources, and the light source passes through conductor wire circuit Connect the electric switch opened and closed for controlling the light source.

Advantageous effect using above-mentioned further scheme is：The setting of light source facilitates the situation in observation strip-shaped groove.

Further, the light source uses LED light.

Advantageous effect using above-mentioned further scheme is：Light source uses LED light, and LED light mounting area is small, facilitates light source Installation.

Further, the outer surface of the light source is equipped with the tempered glass cover for protecting light source, is protected to light source.

Further, further include automatically controlled shake table, the steel plate box is located on the automatically controlled shake table.

Advantageous effect using above-mentioned further scheme is：Steel plate box is arranged on automatically controlled shake table, tune can be passed through The situation under different earthquake intensity is demonstrated with the vibrations size of automatically controlled shake table and frequency.

A kind of demenstration method of underground engineering geological disaster teaching demonstration device, using a kind of underground engineering described above Geological disaster teaching demonstration device carries out underground engineering geological disaster teaching demonstration, includes the following steps：

Step 1 adjusts vibration control apparatus, the analog unit is locked in the steel plate box；

Step 2 opens the glass plate of the notch for blocking the strip-shaped groove, is divided to upper and lower two by multiple plaster blocks Layer is sequentially placed into strip-shaped groove；Muddy water migration pathway is closed, glass plate is then shut off；

Step 3 fills the clay in plastic state on steel wire；

Step 4 first fills the clay of plastic state in the funnel-shaped recesses, then fills and contain successively from bottom to up Gravel blueness sand, red sand containing gravel；

Step 5, poured into the muddy water slot cohesive soil incarnadined with dyestuff and in flow regime with it is a small amount of thin Husky mixture；

Step 6 simulates underground work under normal condition successively from the plaster block hauled out in strip-shaped groove below steel wire The layered driving of journey is constructed, and sedimentation and deformation occurs together with steel wire down under gravity for the clay in subsider, beats It opens the light source, deformation process is observed by glass plate；

Step 7 continues to haul out plaster block outward, and clay, the sand of blueness containing gravel in funnel-shaped recesses, red sand containing gravel are in gravity Under the action of fall down, simulate Tunnel Landslide process, pass through glass plate observation simulation Tunnel Landslide forming process；

Step 8 opens the glass plate of analog unit after landslide is stablized, and removes landslide body, after removing, closes glass Glass plate continues to haul out plaster block in strip-shaped groove；

Step 9 opens muddy water migration pathway, passes through the prominent mud process of gushing water of glass plate observation simulation.

Advantageous effect using the above scheme is：This method conveniently can be descended illustratively and can obviously be seen when Geological Hazard The specific destruction situations such as prominent mud of deformation displacement slump, surface subsidence, surface subsidence and the gushing water of karst region of Rock And Soil are measured, Formation and the motion process of underground engineering geological disaster are illustrated on the whole, are demonstrated engineering geology Basic Geological phenomenon, are taken off Show underground engineering geological disaster Forming Mechanism in engineering geology, to help teacher to complete daily teaching task.

A kind of demenstration method of underground engineering geological disaster teaching demonstration device, using a kind of underground engineering described above Geological disaster teaching demonstration device carries out underground engineering geological disaster teaching demonstration, includes the following steps：

Step 1 tightens horizontal T-type pin to analog unit direction, tightens vertical T-type pin upwards；

Step 2 opens the glass plate of the notch for blocking the strip-shaped groove, is divided to upper and lower two by multiple plaster blocks Layer is sequentially placed into strip-shaped groove；Muddy water migration pathway is closed, glass plate is then shut off；

Step 3 fills the clay in plastic state on steel wire；

Step 4 first fills the clay of hard plastic state in the funnel-shaped recesses, then fills and contain successively from bottom to up Gravel blueness sand, red sand containing gravel；

Step 5, poured into the muddy water slot cohesive soil incarnadined with dyestuff and in flow regime with it is a small amount of thin Husky mixture；

Step 6 simulates underground work under normal condition successively from the plaster block hauled out in strip-shaped groove below steel wire The layered driving of journey is constructed, and sedimentation and deformation occurs together with steel wire down under gravity for the clay in subsider, beats It opens the light source, deformation process is observed by glass plate；

Step 7 continues to haul out plaster block outward, and due to filling the clay of hard plastic state in funnel-shaped recesses, infundibulate is recessed Clay in slot, the sand of blueness containing gravel, red sand containing gravel are not in tenesmus；

Step 8 continues to haul out plaster block, until retaining innermost row plaster block, it is ensured that muddy water migration pathway is in Closed state；

If step 9 unclamps horizontal T-type pin, makes simulation when simulation horizontal earthquake effect Imitating babinet dynamic response Babinet is held on vertical T-type pin, is applied horizontal dynamic load to analog unit, is made analog unit along on vertical T-type pin Small steel ball move horizontally back and forth, so that the plaster block occurred level on the inside of strip-shaped groove is moved, lead to muddy water migration pathway It opens, the prominent mud of simulation earthquake-induced gushing water；

If simulate earthquake perpendicular acting Imitating babinet dynamic response, vertical T-type pin is unclamped, is applied to analog unit Vertical dynamic load makes analog unit do vertical motion back and forth along the small steel ball on horizontal T-type pin, observes viscous in subsider Further deformation, funnel surface collapse and the Tunnel Landslide of soil；

If simulation horizontal earthquake and vertical when acting on Imitating babinet dynamic response simultaneously, unclamp horizontal T-type pin and Vertical T-type pin applies horizontal and vertical dynamic load to analog unit simultaneously, makes analog unit while making horizontal and vertical fortune It is dynamic, the underground engineerings geological disaster such as observation simulation earthquake-induced gushing water prominent mud, surface subsidence, landslide.

Advantageous effect using the above scheme is：The deformation displacement that this method conveniently can illustratively descend engineering seismology to induce is slided Collapse, surface subsidence, surface subsidence and karst region gushing water dash forward that mud etc. is specific to destroy situation, illustrate underground engineering on the whole The formation of geological disaster and motion process demonstrate engineering geology Basic Geological phenomenon, disclose underground engineering in engineering geology Geological disaster Forming Mechanism, to help teacher to complete daily teaching task.

Description of the drawings

The vertical view of Fig. 1 the utility model；

The front view of Fig. 2 the utility model is not drawn into iron hook in attached drawing；

The left view of Fig. 3 the utility model；

The right view of Fig. 4 the utility model；

A-A sectional views in Fig. 5 the utility model Fig. 2；

B-B sectional views in Fig. 6 the utility model Fig. 2；

The three dimensional structure diagram of Fig. 7 the utility model analog units, basement rock simulation filler is not drawn into attached drawing.

In attached drawing, parts list represented by the reference numerals are as follows：

1, analog unit, 2, steel plate box, 3, strip-shaped groove, 4, glass plate, 5, funnel-shaped recesses, 6, horizontal T-type pin, 7, electric switch, 8, muddy water slot, 9, muddy water migration pathway, 10, subsider, 11, steel wire, 12, basement rock simulate filler, 13, gypsum Block, 14, vertical steel spring, 15, steel ball, 16, light source, 17, L-shaped steel tank, 18, vertical T-type pin, 19, catch, 20, compression Spring, 21 levers, 22, connecting rod, 23, work shape mounting base, 24, ball, 25, conductor wire, 26, clay, 27, the sand of blueness containing gravel, 28 Red sand containing gravel, 29, horizontal steel spring, 30, lever seat, 31, spring top cover, the 32, first notch, the 33, second notch, 34, iron Hook.

Specific implementation mode

The principles of the present invention and feature are described below in conjunction with attached drawing, example is served only for explaining this practicality It is novel, it is not intended to limit the scope of the utility model.

As shown in Figures 1 to 7, the utility model includes that top is equipped with open steel plate box 2, is equipped in the steel plate box 2 The bottom of analog unit 1, the analog unit 1 is located in the steel plate box 2；Between the steel plate box 2 and the analog unit 1 Equipped with the vibration control apparatus for controlling 1 direction of vibration of the analog unit；Filled with for simulating in the analog unit 1 The basement rock simulation filler 12 of basement rock is not excavated；The side wall of the analog unit 1 is equipped with the strip for simulating tunnel excavation Groove 3, the side wall of the analog unit 1 is equipped with the glass plate 4 of the notch for blocking the strip-shaped groove 3, in this reality With in novel embodiment, in order to facilitate the opening and closing of glass plate 4 fixed and facilitate glass plate 4, the glass plate 4 Top the top of the side wall of the analog unit 1, the notch of the strip-shaped groove 3 is connected to by articulate, to Realize that being flipped open and closing for glass plate 4,3 top of the strip-shaped groove are equipped with the subsider for simulating surface subsidence 10, the bottom end of the subsider 10 is connected to the strip-shaped groove 3, and the bottom of the subsider 10 and the strip are recessed Steel wire 11 is equipped between slot 3；The top of the strip-shaped groove 3 is equipped with the funnel-shaped recesses 5 for simulating landslide, the leakage The bottom of bucket shape groove 5 is connected to the strip-shaped groove 3；The top of the strip-shaped groove 3 is equipped with prominent for simulating gushing water The muddy water slot 8 of mud and muddy water migration pathway 9 for the muddy water slot 8 to be connected to the strip-shaped groove 3, the strip The plaster block 13 for filling the strip-shaped groove 3 is equipped in connected in star 3.

As shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, in the embodiments of the present invention, the both ends of the strip-shaped groove 3 are prolonged respectively Stretch out the analog unit 1, i.e. the both ends of the strip-shaped groove 3 extend respectively to the opposite both ends of the surface of the analog unit 1 On, and one end of the strip-shaped groove 3 is the first notch 32 for simulating tunnel portal, the other end be the of simulation tunnel exit Two notches 33, first notch 32 and second notch 33 are connected to the realization of the strip-shaped groove 3；The subsider 10 are located at the strip-shaped groove 3 close to the top of one end of first notch 32, and the funnel-shaped recesses 5 are located at the length The top at the middle part of the length direction of strip groove 3；The muddy water slot 8 and the muddy water migration pathway 9 are located at the strip Top of the groove 3 close to one end of second notch 33.Using above-mentioned technical proposal, the first notch 32 and the second notch are set 33, then sedimentation is set gradually from strip-shaped groove 3 close to the direction of the top of the first notch 32 to the top of the second notch 33 Slot 10, funnel-shaped recesses 5 and muddy water slot 8 setting up and down and muddy water migration pathway 9, outside successively at the first notch 32 When extracting plaster block 13, surface subsidence can be simulated at the lower section that strip-shaped groove 3 is located at subsider 10 successively, positioned at funnel Landslide is simulated at the lower section of connected in star 5, and the prominent mud of gushing water is being simulated at the lower section of muddy water slot 8 and muddy water migration pathway 9.

As shown in Fig. 2, the utility model preferred embodiment is：The plaster block 13 towards first notch 32 one End is equipped with the iron hook 34 for dragging the plaster block 13 outward.The quantity of the plaster block 13 is multiple, multiple gypsum 13 mounted on top of block is at double-layer structure, and two layers of 13 mounted on top of the plaster block is in the strip-shaped groove 3.Iron hook 34 is set Convenient extraction plaster block 13 outward is set, multiple plaster blocks 13 are set, and multiple plaster blocks 13 are stacked into two layers of multiple row, successively from first Plaster block 13 is extracted at notch 32, reduces the support of 10 lower section of subsider, the support of 5 lower section of funnel-shaped recesses and muddy water successively The support of 9 lower section of slot 8 and muddy water migration pathway.

As shown in Figure 2, it is preferred that be equipped in the muddy water migration pathway 9 logical for opening and closing the muddy water migration The spring lever 21 in road 9 switchs.The spring lever 21 switch include catch 19, compressed spring 20, lever 21, lever seat 30 with And connecting rod 22, the middle part of the lever 21 are fixed on by lever seat 30 on the outer wall of the analog unit 1, the lever 21 One end be fixedly connected with the catch 19 by the compressed spring 20, the catch 19 is located at the muddy water migration pathway 9 Interior, the compressed spring 20 abuts the outer wall of the analog unit 1 close to one end of the catch 19；The lever 21 it is another End is fixedly connected with one end of the connecting rod 22, and the other end of the connecting rod 22 is inserted into the strip from second notch 33 In connected in star 3.One end of connecting rod 22 is inserted into from the second notch 33 in strip-shaped groove 3, may be implemented through plaster block 13 Support to connecting rod 22, by 21 principle of lever, the other end of lever 21 drives catch 19 to be inserted into muddy water migration pathway 9 Muddy water migration pathway 9 is realized and is closed, when plaster block 13 removes, under the action of compressed spring 20, block removes muddy water fortune The unlatching of muddy water migration pathway 9 is realized in Mobile Communication road 9.

As shown in Figures 2 to 6, preferred embodiment is：The vibration control apparatus includes vertical T-type pin 18, horizontal T Type pin 6, vertical steel spring 14, horizontal steel spring 29, work shape mounting base 23 and ball 24, the vertical T-type pin 18 are arranged in the bottom of the steel plate box 2, and the top of the vertical T-type pin 18 is equipped with multiple steel balls 15；Multiple horizontal T Type pin 6 is horizontally set on respectively on each side wall of the steel plate box 2, and the horizontal T-type pin 6 is towards the analog unit The end face of 1 one end is equipped with multiple steel balls 15；The work shape mounting base 23 is located at the bottom of the analog unit 1, is located at institute It states between the bottom surface of analog unit 1 and the inner bottom surface of the steel plate box 2, the bottom of the work shape mounting base 23 is equipped with the rolling The top of pearl 24, the work shape mounting base 23 is equipped with spring top cover 31, the spring top cover 31 and the work shape mounting base 23 Between be equipped with the vertical steel spring 14；Multiple horizontal steel springs 29 are fixed on each inside of the steel plate box 2 On wall, it is located between the madial wall and the lateral wall of the analog unit 1 of the steel plate box 2.Horizontal T-type pin 6 is realized to mould The locking of the horizontal direction of quasi- babinet 1, vertical T-type pin 18 realize the locking to 1 vertical direction of analog unit；It is vertical when adjusting It, can be real under the action of vertical steel spring 14 when T-type pin 18 is so that the bottom of analog unit 1 is placed on spring top cover 31 The vertical tremor of existing analog unit 1；Horizontal T-type pin 6 is made to be detached from the side wall of analog unit 1 when adjusting horizontal T-type pin 6 When, horizontal steel spring 29 abuts the side wall of analog unit 1, realizes 1 vibrations in the horizontal direction of analog unit；It is adjusted when simultaneously Vertical T-type pin 18 is so that the bottom of analog unit 1 is placed on spring top cover 31, and adjusts horizontal T-type pin 6 so that level T-type pin 6 is detached from the side wall of analog unit 1 so that horizontal steel spring 29 abuts the side wall of analog unit 1, realizes simulation box Vibrations of the body 1 in the horizontal direction and on vertical direction.

As shown in Figures 2 to 6, in the embodiments of the present invention, the bottom surface inside the steel plate box 2 is equipped with L-shaped Steel tank 17, the vertical T-type pin 18 are mounted on the L-shaped steel tank 17.By L-shaped steel tank 17 to vertical T-type pin 18 into Row installation, avoids and drills on the bottom of steel plate box 2.The top and bottom of the strip-shaped groove 3 are equipped with several light sources 16, The light source 16 connects the electric switch 7 for controlling the opening and closing of the light source 16 by 25 circuit of conductor wire.

The utility model has the beneficial effects that：Model Practical, easy to operate, visualization is strong, in demonstration underground engineering The prominent of the deformation displacement slump of Rock And Soil, surface subsidence, surface subsidence and karst region can be obviously observed when geological disaster Water is dashed forward, and mud etc. is specific to destroy situation, illustrates formation and the motion process of underground engineering geological disaster on the whole.It can be achieved ground Underground under the various operating modes such as lower engineering excavation effect, horizontal earthquake effect, vertical earthquake effect or various working coupling condition Geological Hazard pilot demonstration.

In a kind of specific embodiment of the utility model, 1 size of analog unit be 150cm (length) × 80cm (width) × 90cm (height) is combined by PC plate and is formed model box outline, and the strip-shaped groove 3 in simulation tunnel is reserved on analog unit 1 Size is 150cm (length) × 25cm (width) × 20cm (height), and groove top surface is from model casing top surface 30cm.Simulate the heavy of surface subsidence The size for dropping slot 10 is 30cm × 30cm × 30cm.The back cut diameter for simulating the funnel-shaped recesses 5 of landslide is about 25cm, and lower mouth is straight Diameter 3cm, high 30cm.4 thickness of glass plate on the right side of simulation box is about 6mm, can inside and outside rotation.The steel wire 11 is hot-galvanized steel Silk screen 11, string diameter are 0.9 ± 0.04mm, mesh 12.7 × 12.7mm of size, are filled on steel wire 11 viscous in plastic state Soil 26,26 top surface of clay are consistent with basement rock simulation 12 apical side height of filler.In the present embodiment, strip-shaped groove 3 is built-in with 2 layers (each 6 pieces of upper layer, lower layer) carries the rectangular water-fast light gypsum block 13 of iron hook 34, and 13 size of single plaster block is about 25cm (length) × 25cm (width) × 10cm (height).

Embodiment one

Present embodiment discloses a kind of application methods of underground engineering geological disaster teaching demonstration device, can simulate tunnel and open The Geological Hazards such as the gushing water induced prominent mud, surface subsidence, landslide are dug, are included the following steps：

S1:Horizontal T shapes pin is tightened into model, tightens vertical T shapes pin upwards；

S2:The glass plate 4 on model babinet is flipped outward, divides 2 layers to be sequentially placed into strip several rectangular plaster blocks 13 In groove 3, the prominent mud channel of gushing water is automatically closed, and after plaster block 13 is placed, glass plate 4 is inwardly overturn to fixed position；

S3:In the subsider 10 of simulation surface subsidence, it is laid with layer of steel wire net 11, is filled in plastic on steel wire 11 The clay 26 of state, until consistent with basement rock simulation 12 apical side height of filler；

S4:In the funnel-shaped recesses 5 for simulating landslide, to prevent plaster block 13 and groove to be embedded in gravelly sand, therefore first The clay 26 in plastic state of about 0.5cm thickness is laid in bottom portion of groove, is then layered above clay 26 and is filled contain successively Gravel blueness sand 27, red sand containing gravel 28 are until consistent with basement rock simulation 12 apical side height of filler；

S5:In the muddy water slot 8 that simulation gushing water dashes forward mud, cohesive soil having been incarnadined with dyestuff and in flow regime is poured into With a small amount of fine sand mixture, completes to be full of in the muddy water migration pathway 9 and the height of mixture is slightly below model in muddy water slot 8 Apical side height；

S6:In the indentation, there of simulation tunnel exit, the iron hook 34 of 13 front of waterproof plaster block is dragged, successively from strip The plaster block 13 that 11 lower section of steel wire is hauled out in groove 3 simulates the layered driving construction of underground engineering under normal condition, subsider Sedimentation and deformation occurs with steel wire 11 down together under gravity for the clay 26 in 10, opens light source 16, passes through glass Plate 4 observes deformation process；

S7:Continue to haul out plaster block 13 in strip-shaped groove 3, the plaster block 13 until simulating landslide area is dragged out, and is leaked Sand in bucket shape groove 5 falls down under gravity, while ground starts to collapse, and opens light source 16, passes through The observation simulation Tunnel Landslide forming process of glass plate 4；

S8:After landslide is stablized, the glass plate 4 on the right side of model casing is flipped outward, removes landslide body, it, will after removing Inwardly overturning continues to haul out plaster block 13 in strip-shaped groove 3 glass plate 4 to fixed position；

S9:After last block plaster block 13 is dragged out, compressed spring 20 drives catch 19 to be moved to outside model, opens mud Water migration pathway 9 opens light source 16, and the prominent mud process of gushing water is observed by right side glass plate 4.

The present embodiment has the beneficial effect that：It conveniently illustratively can descend obviously observe Rock And Soil when Geological Hazard Deformation displacement slump, surface subsidence, surface subsidence and the gushing water of karst region are dashed forward, and mud etc. is specific to destroy situation, open up on the whole Show formation and the motion process of underground engineering geological disaster, demonstrated engineering geology Basic Geological phenomenon, discloses engineering geology Underground engineering geological disaster Forming Mechanism in, to help teacher to complete daily teaching task.

Embodiment two：

In the present embodiment, a kind of application method of underground engineering geological disaster teaching demonstration device is disclosed, feature exists In：The Geological Hazards such as earthquake-induced gushing water prominent mud, surface subsidence, landslide can be simulated, are included the following steps：

S1:Horizontal T shapes pin is tightened into model, tightens vertical T shapes pin upwards；

S1:The glass plate 4 on model babinet is flipped outward, divides 2 layers to be sequentially placed into strip several rectangular plaster blocks 13 Groove 3, the prominent mud channel of gushing water is automatically closed, and after plaster block 13 is placed, glass plate 4 is inwardly overturn to fixed position；

S2:In the subsider 10 of simulation surface subsidence, it is laid with layer of steel wire net 11, is filled in plastic on steel wire 11 The clay 26 of state, until consistent with basement rock simulation 12 apical side height of filler；

S4:In the funnel-shaped recesses 5 for simulating landslide, to prevent plaster block 13 and groove to be embedded in gravelly sand, therefore first The clay 26 in hard plastic state of about 1cm thickness is laid in bottom portion of groove, is then layered and fills successively containing gravel above clay 26 Green sand 27, red sand containing gravel 28 is until consistent with basement rock simulation 12 apical side height of filler.

S4:In the muddy water slot 8 that simulation gushing water dashes forward mud, cohesive soil having been incarnadined with dyestuff and in flow regime is poured into With a small amount of fine sand mixture, completes to be full of in the muddy water migration pathway 9 and the height of mixture is slightly below basement rock in muddy water slot 8 Simulate 12 apical side height of filler.

S5:In the indentation, there of simulation tunnel exit, the iron hook 34 of 13 front of waterproof plaster block is dragged, successively from strip The plaster block 13 that 11 lower section of steel wire is hauled out in groove 3 simulates the layered driving construction of underground engineering under normal condition, subsider Sedimentation and deformation occurs with steel wire 11 down together under gravity for the clay 26 in 10, opens light source 16, passes through right side Glass plate 4 observes deformation process.

S6:Continuing to haul out plaster block 13 in strip-shaped groove 3, the plaster block 13 below simulation landslide is dragged out, Since laying is 1cm thickness and is in the clay 26 of hard plastic state in funnel-shaped recesses 5, ground does not collapse；

S7:Continue to haul out plaster block 13 in strip-shaped groove 3, until retaining innermost row plaster block 13, it is ensured that Muddy water migration pathway 9 is closed；

S8:If simulate horizontal earthquake effect drag dynamic response, horizontal T shapes pin is unclamped, analog unit 1 is made to shelve In on vertical T shapes pin, apply horizontal dynamic load to analog unit 1, makes analog unit 1 along the steel ball on vertical T shapes pin 15 move horizontally back and forth, make 13 occurred level of the plaster block movement of 3 inside of strip-shaped groove, muddy water migration pathway 9 is caused to be opened It opens, the prominent mud of simulation earthquake-induced gushing water；If simulate earthquake perpendicular acting drag dynamic response, vertical T shapes pin is unclamped, is given Analog unit 1 applies vertical dynamic load, and analog unit 1 is made to do vertical motion back and forth along the steel ball 15 on horizontal T shapes pin, sees Examine the further deformation, funnel surface collapse and Tunnel Landslide of the clay 26 in subsider 10；If simulate horizontal earthquake and When vertically acting on Imitating 1 dynamic response of babinet simultaneously, horizontal and vertical T shape pins are unclamped, to analog unit 1 while applying water Flat and vertical dynamic load makes analog unit 1 while the horizontal and vertical movement of work, the prominent mud of observation simulation earthquake-induced gushing water, ground The underground engineerings geological disasters such as sedimentation, landslide.

In the present embodiment, it is Geological Hazard generation, evolution under more preferable observation place, can be opened in experimentation Light source 16, if not occurring landslide geological disaster in experimentation, can increase be laid in funnel-shaped recesses 5 in hard plastic state The thickness of clay 26 increases vertical dynamic load.

The present embodiment has the beneficial effect that：This method can conveniently illustratively descend engineering seismology induction deformation displacement slump, The gushing water of surface subsidence, surface subsidence and karst region is dashed forward, and mud etc. is specific to destroy situation, with illustrating underground engineering on the whole The formation of matter disaster and motion process demonstrate engineering geology Basic Geological phenomenon, disclose underground engineering in engineering geology Matter formation of marine disasters mechanism, to help teacher to complete daily teaching task.

The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to limit the utility model, all in this practicality Within novel spirit and principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in the guarantor of the utility model Within the scope of shield.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of underground engineering geological disaster teaching demonstration device, which is characterized in that be equipped with open steel plate box including top (2), analog unit (1) is equipped in the steel plate box (2), the bottom of the analog unit (1) is located in the steel plate box (2)； The vibration control for controlling the analog unit (1) direction of vibration is equipped between the steel plate box (2) and the analog unit (1) Device processed；Filled with for simulating the basement rock simulation filler (12) for not excavating basement rock in the analog unit (1)；The simulation box The side wall of body (1) is equipped with the strip-shaped groove (3) for simulating tunnel excavation, and the side wall of the analog unit (1) is equipped with Glass plate (4) for the notch for blocking the strip-shaped groove (3), strip-shaped groove (3) top are equipped with for simulating The bottom end of the subsider (10) of surface subsidence, the subsider (10) is connected to the strip-shaped groove (3), and the subsider (10) steel wire (11) is equipped between bottom and the strip-shaped groove (3)；The top of the strip-shaped groove (3), which is equipped with, to be used In the funnel-shaped recesses (5) of simulation landslide, the bottom of the funnel-shaped recesses (5) is connected to the strip-shaped groove (3)；It is described The top of strip-shaped groove (3) is equipped with the muddy water slot (8) for simulating the prominent mud of gushing water and is used for the muddy water slot (8) and institute The muddy water migration pathway (9) of strip-shaped groove (3) connection is stated, is equipped in the strip-shaped groove (3) for filling the strip The plaster block (13) of connected in star (3).

2. a kind of underground engineering geological disaster teaching demonstration device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the strip The both ends of connected in star (3) each extend over out the analog unit (1), and one end of the strip-shaped groove (3) is simulation tunnel The first notch (32) of entrance, the other end are the second notch (33) for simulating tunnel exit；The subsider (10) is located at described Strip-shaped groove (3) is located at the strip close to the top of one end of first notch (32), the funnel-shaped recesses (5) The top at the middle part of the length direction of groove (3)；The muddy water slot (8) and the muddy water migration pathway (9) are located at the strip Top of the connected in star (3) close to one end of second notch (33).

3. a kind of underground engineering geological disaster teaching demonstration device according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the gypsum Block (13) is equipped with the iron hook (34) for dragging the plaster block (13) outward towards one end of first notch (32).

4. a kind of underground engineering geological disaster teaching demonstration device according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the gypsum The quantity of block (13) is multiple, and multiple plaster block (13) mounted on top are at double-layer structure, on two layers of plaster block (13) Under overlay in the strip-shaped groove (3).

5. according to a kind of underground engineering geological disaster teaching demonstration device of claim 2 to 4 any one of them, feature exists In equipped with the spring lever switch for opening and closing the muddy water migration pathway (9) in the muddy water migration pathway (9).

6. a kind of underground engineering geological disaster teaching demonstration device according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the spring Lever switch includes catch (19), compressed spring (20), lever (21), lever seat (30) and connecting rod (22), the lever (21) middle part is fixed on by lever seat (30) on the outer wall of the analog unit (1), and one end of the lever (21) passes through The compressed spring (20) is fixedly connected with the catch (19), and the catch (19) is located in the muddy water migration pathway (9), The compressed spring (20) abuts the outer wall of the analog unit (1) close to one end of the catch (19)；The lever (21) The other end be fixedly connected with one end of the connecting rod (22), the other end of the connecting rod (22) is from second notch (33) It is inserted into the strip-shaped groove (3).

7. a kind of underground engineering geological disaster teaching demonstration device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, feature exist In the vibration control apparatus includes vertical T-type pin (18), horizontal T-type pin (6), vertical steel spring (14), horizontal steel Matter spring (29), work shape mounting base (23) and ball (24), the vertical T-type pin (18) are arranged in the steel plate box (2) Bottom, the top of the vertical T-type pin (18) is equipped with multiple steel balls (15)；Multiple horizontal T-type pins (6) difference water It is flat to be arranged on each side wall of the steel plate box (2), the one end of the horizontal T-type pin (6) towards the analog unit (1) End face be equipped with multiple steel balls (15)；The work shape mounting base (23) is located at the bottom of the analog unit (1), is located at described Between the bottom surface and the inner bottom surface of the steel plate box (2) of analog unit (1), the bottom installation of the work shape mounting base (23) is State ball (24), spring top cover (31) be installed at the top of the work shape mounting base (23), the spring top cover (31) with it is described The vertical steel spring (14) is equipped between work shape mounting base (23)；Multiple horizontal steel springs (29) are fixed on described On each madial wall of steel plate box (2), be located at madial wall and the analog unit (1) of the steel plate box (2) lateral wall it Between.

8. a kind of underground engineering geological disaster teaching demonstration device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, feature exist In the top and bottom of the strip-shaped groove (3) are equipped with several light sources (16), and the light source (16) passes through conductor wire (25) electricity Electric switch (7) of the road connection for controlling the light source (16) opening and closing.