CN105022085B - Sandbox physical simulation experiment device for seismic exploration - Google Patents
Sandbox physical simulation experiment device for seismic exploration Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a sandbox physical simulation experiment device for seismic exploration. The sandbox physical simulation experiment device comprises a model module and a stratum overpressure loading module. The model module is used for placing dry quartz sand with a particle size of 20 meshes and dry quartz sand with a particle size of 40 meshes of a simulated basin structure. The dry quartz sand with 20 meshes in particle size is used for simulating a stratum with normal formation pressure. The dry quartz sand with a particle size of 40 meshes is used for simulating a stratum with an abnormal overpressured formation. The laying range of the dry quartz sand with a particle size of 40 meshes is used for forming a distribution range of abnormal overpressured formation, and the dry quartz sand with a particle size of 40 meshes is laid according to a real simulation experiment purpose. The stratum overpressure loading module is used for injecting air into a sand body model. The abnormal overpressure is formed in the dry quartz sand with a particle size of 40 meshes based on a permeability difference between the dry quartz sand with 20 meshes in particle size and the dry quartz sand with a particle size of 40 meshes. The sandbox physical simulation experiment device simulates the basin structure with a plastically-deformed overpressure stratum.
Description
The application is application number 2015100547179, and the applying date is on 2 3rd, 2015 " a kind of for seismic prospecting
The divisional application of sandbox physical simulation experiment device ".
Technical field
A kind of technical field of geophysical exploration of the present invention, and in particular to sandbox physical simulation experiment for seismic prospecting
Device.
Background technology
Determined by the distinctive kinesiology of shear wave and dynamic characteristic, it is furnished with gravel boulder bed and Quaternary Period natural gas for product
The bad ground of Tibetan has higher resolution and penetration power, is often applied in Engineering seismic prospeCting, can preferably reflect and survey
Geology-the geophysics for visiting place is characterized.Conventional use of focus gun, controlled source, manpower focus etc. cut both ways, and such as shake
Source rifle excitation energy is big, but dangerous and use environment is restricted；Controlled source work safety, but high cost and be not suitable for building
Structures dense city；Manpower focus is easy-to-use, but excitation energy is little and energy output is unstable；Etc..
The above-mentioned equipment for seismic prospecting is relatively common, and the exploration research using this kind of exploring equipment is also wide, but
It is for the foreland basin containing substantial amounts of oil and natural gas and delta gravitation gliding sturcture are not still furtherd investigate.With
Oil exploitation is goed deep into, for foreland basin and delta gravitation gliding sturcture seem all the more urgent.
The content of the invention
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of sandbox physical simulation experiment for seismic prospecting and fills
Put, its object is to the sandbox thing based on simulation basin-mountain frame work under overpressured mudstone layer migration during Basin Evolution
Reason simulation, it is possible to achieve overpressured mudstone transport phenomena in the three-dimensional foreland basin of simulation and the evolution of delta gravitation gliding sturcture.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a kind of sandbox physical simulation experiment device for seismic prospecting, it is
Simulation overpressured formation transition condition under plastic deformation structural features sandbox physical simulation experiment device, it include model module and
Formation overpressure load-on module；Wherein：Model module is used to place the mesh of particle diameter 20 of simulation Basin Tectonic and is dried quartz sand and particle diameter
40 mesh are dried quartz sand, and the mesh of particle diameter 20 is dried quartz sand for simulating the rock stratum of normal strata pressure, and the mesh of particle diameter 40 is dried quartz
Sand is used for the rock stratum that simulation forms abnormal overpressure stratum；The mesh of particle diameter 40 is dried the laying scope of quartz sand and determines abnormal overpressure ground
The distribution of layer, should be laid according to the needs of realistic simulation experiment purpose；Formation overpressure load-on module is used for model
Sand body injects air, and the permeability difference of quartz sand is dried with the mesh of particle diameter 40 because the mesh of particle diameter 20 is dried quartz sand, and makes particle diameter
What 40 mesh were dried quartz sand is internally formed abnormal overpressure, so as to simulate the plastic deformation of overpressured formation.
Further, the sandbox physical simulation experiment device for seismic prospecting includes experiment container, bottom metal net, gas
Body separator, rubber tube, valve, gas flow rate table, total appendix, gas cushion, air gauge, air pump；Wherein, sand body is tested
It is positioned in experiment container, gas separator is located at experiment container bottom, is separated into several grid, the gas inside each grid
Pressure is independent, bottom metal net support experiment sand body, and experiment sand body is connected with the gas separator of bottom, and experiment sand body can not lead to
Bottom metal net is crossed, while air can pass through wire netting moving upwards, each grid of gas separator passes through single rubber
Pipe connects gas flow rate table and valve, and Valve control gas flow velocity monitors gas flow rate, the other end of valve with gas flow rate table
Connect gas cushion with rubber tube, gas cushion is the larger container of volume, playing cushioning effect makes gas pressure and flow velocity
It is stable, air gauge is installed on gas cushion, air pressure in monitoring buffer is inflated, there is provided high using air pump to gas cushion
Air pressure；By the gas flow rate and pressure of Valve controlling each gas separator, gas permeation bottom metal net is set to hold to experiment
Sand body injection air in device, sand body is divided into coarse sand and fine sand, its medium-fine sand due to permeability less than coarse sand under air effect
Generation superpressure, produces plastic behavior, can simulate the overpressured formation of foreland basin and delta gravitation gliding sturcture, realizes basin
Simulation experiment.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a kind of sandbox physical simulation experiment device for seismic prospecting, its bag
Laboratory table, air-flow feedway two parts are included, the simulation of Formation overpressure is by air-flow feedway Control release sand body difference position
The air-flow size put, is controlled to the superpressure degree and plasticity of superpressure layer, so as to realize that foreland basin or delta gravity are slided
The sandbox physical modeling of dynamic construction；Laboratory table is to place the desktop of experiment sand body, is conducted oneself with dignity larger, stable, the equidistant perforate of base plate,
It is connected with air-flow feedway by rubber tube；Air-flow feedway provides stable air-flow by air pump, using valve to gas
Stream is slowed down, so as to the air velocity of Control release sand body diverse location, i.e. fluid over-pressuring degree；Can be from top in experimentation
Face and side observation experiment carry out situation, and experiment can use liquid medicine dipping sand body to be allowed to consolidate, sand body is cut into slices into water-filling after terminating
Flat cutting faces and the observation in vertical section.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a kind of to be filled using the above-mentioned sandbox physical simulation experiment for seismic prospecting
The method put, it comprises the following steps：
First according to physical modeling's likelihood ratio (usually 1：105) computation model required size, with fine sand simulation superpressure modeling
Property stratum, coarse sand simulated normal pressure brittle formation, when air is injected, superpressure is produced, and fine sand layer produces under the force of gravity plasticity
Deformation, simulates Basin Tectonic, and the dyestuff between each stratum using different colours is distinguished by, and is easy to observation construction change
Shape, experimentation can insert the newborn sedimentary formation of sand body skimulated motion phase or simulate manually and degrade phenomenon；Use cameras record reality
Overall process is tested, and medication water retting sand body is allowed to solidify after experiment terminates, and internal cross section is observed after cutting, carries out experiment and grinds
Study carefully and summarize.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided using the above-mentioned sandbox physical simulation experiment device for seismic prospecting
Method, it comprises the following steps：
The first step, according to actual basin size, according to 1：105Scale smaller draws the size of experiment body, according to actual basin
Ground sedimentary formation thickness and form laying experiment sand body, wherein the stratum particulate that Overpressure occurs is dried quartz sand particle size
40 mesh are simulated, and other normal pressure stratum coarse grain are dried the mesh of quartz sand particle size 20 or bigger simulation；
Second step, first sets barometric maximum experiment air pressure, closes the valve of rubber tube in gas separator, closes total
The valve of appendix, opens air pump, hereafter opens the valve of total appendix, is gradually opened the valve of rubber tube, and governing speed is not
Can be too fast, the flow velocity of each grid in gas separator is monitored by gas flow rate table during regulation, until it reaches experiment
Till required, now overpressured formation is changed into plastic behavior by Brittleness, and experiment starts；
3rd step, from each side observation of model and can record in experimentation；After experiment terminates, rubber tube is kept
Valve is motionless, first closes the valve of total appendix, after gas stops flowing, turns off the valve of rubber tube, now superpressure layer
No longer there is plasticity, sections observation basin model internal structure after can shaping to testing sand body water spray.
Using the sandbox physical simulation experiment device and its using method for seismic prospecting of the present invention, it is possible to achieve
Regulation over-pressure shale layer position and the basin-mountain frame work simulation experiment of overpressure strength, can deform in experimentation with basin
The position of adjustment of features overpressured mudstone layer and the plasticity degree caused because of superpressure, carry out foreland basin or delta gravity slip structure
The Evolution Simulation made.According to needed for specific experiment, experiment material is only once laid, you can carry out the basin of whole geology period of history
Ground structural evolution, can adjust the superpressure feature of material in experimentation, instead of multiple redesign and the system of conventional device
Make, effectively reduce experimental cost, and can realize that the Basin Tectonic of more features is simulated, with very high society and Jing
Ji benefit.The sandbox physical simulation experiment device of application simulation superpressure plastic shale deformation behaviour, is greatly improved experiment material
The utilization rate of material, reduces the cost of single Basin Tectonic simulation, and its structural module is manufactured and simple to operate, with economy
Property and the diversified feature of model, compensate for cannot being realized in prior art ductile bed migration in experimentation, must be stage by stage
Repeatedly tested, the weak point of easy waste of material.
Description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the structural representation of the sandbox physical simulation experiment device for seismic prospecting according to the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation is described, it is clear that described embodiment a part of embodiment only of the invention, rather than the embodiment of whole.Base
Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art obtained under the premise of creative work is not made it is all its
His embodiment, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.Additionally, protection scope of the present invention should not be only limited to following
Concrete structure or part or design parameter.
All contain substantial amounts of oil and natural gas in foreland basin and delta gravitation gliding sturcture, wherein Basin Tectonic is drilled
Change controls the deposition and Late reformation on stratum, and faulted structural activity controls the deposition of hydrocarbon source rock and buries, the deposition of reservoir
And transformation, migration pathway of the oil gas from source rock to reservoir, the cap rock preservation condition after hydrocarbon reservoiring.Therefore the life of oil gas
Into, migrating and preserving none is not controlled by structural evolution, the tectonic cycle period of foreland basin and delta gravitation gliding sturcture is had
Significance, wherein structural physical simulation are the important research means of basin rift structure.Formation overpressure in basin can cause
Rock produces plastic behavior, so as to affect and control the structural evolution in basin；Superpressure is mainly formed in shale layer, is due to mud
Rock is quickly buried, and pore water fails to discharge what is produced.Further, superpressure phenomenon is that superstratum causes, with overlying
Also there is transport phenomena therewith in the newborn deposition on stratum, such as deltaic progradation effect, mudstone overpressure.At present, Chinese scholars
All overpressured mudstone layer is simulated using silica gel, achieve preferable effect, but silica gel can only one-time laying, it is impossible to simulate superpressure mud
The transport phenomena on rock stratum.
The sandbox physical simulation experiment device for seismic prospecting of the present invention, mainly solving can not in prior art
In carrying out overpressured formation plastic deformation modelling structural experiment, stratum foreset or move back product cause superpressure layer migration problem.Its base
The sandbox physical modeling of the structural evolution of foreland basin and delta gravitation gliding sturcture under simulation overpressured mudstone transition condition
Experimental provision, is to simulate brittle formation, fine quartz sand simulation shale layer using rubble sand；Mud stone is plasticity in the case of superpressure
, and mud stone is the fragility as other rocks in the case of normal pressure.The present invention is usually 1 using the model geometric likelihood ratio:105
Computation model size, is laid on quartz sand in experiment container according to size, by air pump and gas cushion, there is provided stable
High pressure draught, with valve and gas flow rate table independent control air velocity, by rubber tube gas point is supplied to total appendix
Every each independent grid of device, the sand body that gases at high pressure are upwardly in experiment container through bottom metal net is tested.
The air velocity that sand body different piece can be controlled with control valve in experimentation, with the increase of air velocity, fine sand layer
Superpressure is consequently increased, and now shows as plastic behavior, deforms in the presence of gravity or other thrusts, therefore this experiment
Device realizes the migration of plastic behavior overpressured formation in Basin Tectonic simulation process.
Generally, the sandbox physical simulation experiment device for seismic prospecting of the invention is based on following principle come real
It is existing：Experiment sand body is placed in experiment container, using bottom metal net support sand body, and is connected with gas separator, by rubber
Pipe connects gas flow rate table and valve, and valve is connected with total appendix, and by air pump and gas cushion stable high voltage gas is provided
Stream, by gas flow rate table the air velocity of gas separator each grid is monitored, using Valve control gas separator each
The air velocity of grid.The different air of flow velocity is injected by the different parts to testing sand body, is realized to superpressure plastic formation
Control.
As shown in Figure 1,1-experiment container, 131-face glass plate, 132-back glass plate, 133-left side glass
Glass plate and 134-right side glass plate, 2-bottom metal net, 3-gas separator, front metallic plate 301,4-rubber tube, 5-valve
Door, 6-gas flow rate table, 7-total appendix, 8-gas cushion, 9-air gauge, 10-air pump, the mesh of 11-particle diameter 20 are done
Dry quartz sand, the mesh of 12-particle diameter 40 are dried quartz sand.
The sandbox physical simulation experiment device for seismic prospecting of the present invention, it is under simulation overpressured formation transition condition
The sandbox physical simulation experiment device of plastic deformation structural features, it includes model module and Formation overpressure load-on module.Model
Module is dried quartz sand 11 for the mesh of particle diameter 20 for placing simulation Basin Tectonic and the mesh of particle diameter 40 is dried quartz sand 12.Wherein, grain
The mesh of footpath 20 is dried quartz sand 11 for simulating the rock stratum of normal strata pressure, the mesh of particle diameter 40 be dried quartz sand 12 for simulate formation
The rock stratum on abnormal overpressure stratum.The mesh of particle diameter 40 is dried the distribution model that the laying scope of quartz sand 12 determines abnormal overpressure stratum
Enclose, should be laid according to the needs of realistic simulation experiment purpose.Formation overpressure load-on module is used for empty to the injection of model sand body
Gas, the permeability difference of quartz sand 12 is dried because the mesh of particle diameter 20 is dried quartz sand 11 with the mesh of particle diameter 40, and does the mesh of particle diameter 40
Dry quartz sand 12 is internally formed abnormal overpressure, so as to simulating the plastic deformation of overpressured formation.
Further, model module includes that experiment container 1, bottom metal net 2, the mesh of particle diameter 20 are dried quartz sand 11 and particle diameter
40 mesh are dried quartz sand 12；Experiment container 1 is cuboid, and size is that the long * 0.2m width * 0.3m of 1m are high, and top is opened wide, surrounding four sides
For glass plate, respectively face glass plate 131, back glass plate 132, left side glass plate 133 and right side glass plate 134；Front
Glass plate 131 and back glass plate 132 are equivalently-sized, are the long * 0.3m width of 1m, left side glass plate 133 and the chi of right side glass plate 134
It is very little identical, it is the long * 0.3m width of 0.2m；Bottom metal net 2 is iron and steel material quality, and size is the long * 0.2m width of 1m, and grid is square,
Aperture is less than 50 mesh；Four blocks of baffle plate glass are with bottom metal net 2 by bonding composition cuboid container；According to experimental design, send out
The position for educating Formation overpressure is paved with the mesh of particle diameter 40 and is dried quartz sand 12, then the uniform mesh of bedding particle diameter 20 is dried quartz sand 11；Bottom
Wire netting 2 can make air permeable and flow up, and the sand body in container will not be missed downwards.
Overpressure fluid load-on module include gas separator 3, rubber tube 4, valve 5, gas flow rate table 6, total appendix 7,
Gas cushion 8, air gauge 9 and air pump 10；Gas separator 3 is cuboid container, and overall dimensions are the long * 0.2m width * 5cm of 1m
Height, it is hexahedro to be iron and steel material quality；Gas separator 3 is placed under bottom metal net 2, length and width alignment；Inside gas separator 3 by
The wide metal baffle of the long * 5cm (centimetre) of 15 pieces of 0.2m (rice) erects laterally disposed, and gas separator 3 is uniformly divided into into 16
The long * 6.25cm of 0.2m wide independent grid, is disconnected with each other between grid；Open the long * 2mm of 0.2m in the middle on each grid top
(millimeter) wide gap, allows the gas in grid to first pass through gap, then enters experiment container 1 by bottom metal net 2；Gas
The front metallic plate 301 of body separator 3 is in high 2.5cm, drill diameter 5mm apertures at 3.125cm from left to right, keeps 2.5cm high afterwards, edge
Horizontal direction on front metallic plate 301 every 6.25cm drill diameter 5mm apertures, altogether 16 apertures along laboratory table long side direction according to
Secondary to be arranged in a row, and align in the horizontal direction, each aperture corresponds to respectively an independent grid, makes the gas in grid can
To be exchanged with the external world by aperture；Each aperture is inserted into rubber tube 4, and makes before the outer surface of rubber tube 4 and gas separator 3
Metallic plate 301 is sealed；16 rubber tubes 4 connect respectively corresponding valve 5 and gas flow rate table 6, make air pass through each respectively
The flow velocity of rubber tube 4 can be controlled by valve 5, and show flow velocity by gas flow rate table 6；16 ends of rubber tube 4 are complete
Portion communicates and is connected with total appendix 7；Total appendix 7 is copper pipe, bore 1cm, equipped with valve 13, the connection of the end of total appendix 7
Gas cushion 8；The top of gas cushion 8 is connected with air pump 10, and air is pumped into gas cushion 8 by air pump 10, orders about
Air respectively enters the independent grid in gas separator 3 by total appendix 7；Gas cushion 8 is the cylinder of a sky
Plastic containers, capacity is 60L, and effect is that the pressure and flow velocity for making gas keeps stable, prevents gas pressure excessive or improves
Too fast breaking test sand body, air gauge 9 is connected for detected gas buffering on the top of gas cushion 8, and 8 pressure works as pressure
Releasing pressure automatically when power is excessive.
Specifically used step using this device is as follows：
The first step, according to actual basin size, according to 1：105Scale smaller draws the size of experiment body, according to actual basin
Ground sedimentary formation thickness and form laying experiment sand body, wherein the stratum particulate that Overpressure occurs is dried quartz sand particle size
40 mesh 12 are simulated, and the mesh 11 of quartz sand particle size 20 that is dried of other normal pressure stratum coarse grain is simulated.
Second step, first sets the maximum experiment air pressure of air gauge 9, closes the valve 5 of rubber tube 4 in gas separator 3, closes
The valve 13 of total appendix 7 is closed, air pump is opened, the valve 13 of total appendix is hereafter opened, the valve 5 of rubber tube 4 is gradually opened,
Governing speed can not be too fast, monitors the flow velocity of each grid in gas separator 3 by gas flow rate table 6 during regulation,
Till reaching needed for experiment, now overpressured formation is changed into plastic behavior by Brittleness, and experiment starts.
3rd step, from each side observation of model and can record in experimentation.After experiment terminates, rubber tube 4 is kept
Valve 5 it is motionless, first close the valve 13 of total appendix, after gas stop flowing after, turn off the valve 5 of rubber tube 4, now
Superpressure layer no longer has plasticity, sections observation basin model internal structure after can shaping to testing sand body water spray.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, in the sandbox physical simulation experiment device for seismic prospecting of the present invention
In, experimental provision is included with lower component, respectively experiment container 1, face glass plate 131, back glass plate 132, left side glass
Plate 133 and right side glass plate 134, bottom metal net 2, gas separator 3, front metallic plate 301, rubber tube 4, valve 5, gas stream
Fast table 6, total appendix 7, gas cushion 8, air gauge 9, air pump 10, the mesh of particle diameter 20 are dried quartz sand 11, the mesh of particle diameter 40 and are dried
The valve 13 of quartz sand 12, total appendix.Wherein test sand body and be dried quartz sand 11, the mesh of particle diameter 40 drying quartz for the mesh of particle diameter 20
Sand 12 is placed in experiment container 1, and gas separator 3 is located at the bottom of experiment container 1, is separated into 16 grid, each grid
Internal air pressure independence, the support of bottom metal net 2 experiment sand body, experiment sand body is connected with the gas separator 3 of bottom, is tested
Sand body can not be by bottom metal net 2, while air can pass through bottom metal net 2 moving upwards, each lattice of gas separator 3
Son connects gas flow rate table 6 and valve 5 by single rubber tube 4, and the control gas flow rate of valve 5 is monitored with gas flow rate table 6
Gas flow rate, the other end of valve 5 connects gas cushion 8 with total appendix 7, and gas cushion 8 is the larger container of volume,
Playing cushioning effect makes gas pressure and flow speed stability, and air gauge 9, gas in monitoring gas cushion 8 are installed on gas cushion 8
Pressure, is inflated, there is provided hyperbar using air pump 10 to gas cushion 8.The gas of each gas separator 3 is controlled by valve 5
Flow velocity and pressure, make gas permeation bottom metal net 2 to the sand body injection air in experiment container 1, and sand body is divided into coarse sand (particle diameter
20 mesh are dried quartz sand 11) and fine sand (mesh of particle diameter 40 is dried quartz sand 12), its medium-fine sand (mesh of particle diameter 20 is dried quartz sand 11)
Because permeability occurs superpressure less than coarse sand (mesh of particle diameter 40 is dried quartz sand 12) under air effect, plastic behavior, energy are produced
The overpressured formation of foreland basin and delta gravitation gliding sturcture is enough simulated, realizes that basin modelling is tested.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the top of experiment container 1 is opened wide, four side (the face glass plates 131, back side
Glass plate 132, left side glass plate 133, right side glass plate 134) for glass material, experiment process can be observed and record, test
According to model similarity (actual and trial scale 1*10 in experiment container 1 during beginning5) laying sand body, the fine sand (mesh of particle diameter 40
It is dried quartz sand 12) the possible stratum that superpressure occurs such as shale layer is simulated, coarse sand (mesh of particle diameter 20 is dried quartz sand 11) simulates it
His normal pressure stratum, injects air, due to the permeability of fine sand layer through bottom metal net 2 using gas separator 3 in sand body
Less than coarse sands layer, therefore the gas pressure gradient in fine sand layer is more than coarse sands layer, superpressure is produced, with plastic behavior, in gravity
It is deformed under effect.In experimentation, can manually add newborn sedimentary formation, such as deltaic progradation phenomenon also may be used
To carry out strata denudation manually, change with superstratum, the plastic shale superpressure of thicker rock stratum bottom should be stronger, superpressure ground
There is transport phenomena in layer, hence with valve 5 air velocity of local is improved, and accordingly increase superpressure, you can simulation superpressure ground
The migration of layer.After experiment terminates, using liquid medicine dipping experiment sand body, sections observation can be carried out.
In another embodiment of the present invention, according to actual basin size, according to reality with test into 1：105Scale smaller
The size of experiment body is drawn, according to actual basin fill formation thickness and form laying experiment sand body, wherein there is Overpressure
Stratum with fine sand simulate, other normal pressure stratum are simulated with coarse sand.Air pump 10 is opened afterwards, gradually increases air-flow supply, use gas
The air velocity of observation gas separator 3 each grid of rate of flow of fluid table 6, the size of air velocity is controlled to adapting to reality with valve 5
Needed for testing, the fine sand layer now tested in sand body shows as plastic behavior, deforms under GRAVITY CONTROL, in experimentation,
The newborn deposition of added material simulation can be continued on experiment sand body, or remove portion of material simulation weathering and erosion, in experiment deformation
Afterwards, due to the change of structural configuration, Formation overpressure feature is also changed, such as overpressured formation migration, corresponding to change gas point
Every the air velocity of each grid of device 3, you can proceed experiment on the basis of original experiment sand body.With setting in experimentation
Time or distance interval Taking Pictures recording carried out to the top surface and side of testing sand body, experiment terminates rear medication water retting experiment sand
Body is allowed to consolidate, and carries out sections observation record.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows：
There is provided can be in the basin-mountain frame work simulation experiment of regulation over-pressure shale layer position and overpressure strength, can be in reality
The plasticity degree caused with the position of basin deformation behaviour regulation over-pressure shale layer and because of superpressure during testing, carries out foreland basin
Or the Evolution Simulation of delta gravitation gliding sturcture.According to needed for specific experiment, experiment material is only once laid, you can carry out whole
The basin-mountain frame work in individual earth history period, can adjust the superpressure feature of material in experimentation, instead of conventional device
Multiple redesign and manufacture, effectively reduce experimental cost, and the Basin Tectonic simulation of more features can be realized,
With very high Social and economic benef@.The sandbox physical simulation experiment device of application simulation superpressure plastic shale deformation behaviour,
The utilization rate of experiment material is greatly improved, reduce single Basin Tectonic simulation cost, its structural module, manufacture and
Simple to operate, the economical and diversified feature of model compensate for that plasticity in experimentation cannot be realized in prior art
Layer is migrated, must repeatedly tested stage by stage, the weak point of easy waste of material.
The above, the only present invention preferably specific embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Any those familiar with the art the invention discloses technical scope in, the change or replacement that can be readily occurred in,
All should be included within the scope of the present invention.Those skilled in the art is appreciated that without departing substantially from appended right
In the case of requiring the spirit and scope of the present invention of definition, various modifications can be made in form and details.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of sandbox physical simulation experiment device for seismic prospecting, it is essentially under simulation overpressured formation transition condition
The sandbox physical simulation experiment device of plastic deformation structural features, it includes model module and Formation overpressure load-on module；
Characterized in that, the experimental provision includes experiment container, bottom metal net, gas separator, rubber tube, valve, gas
Rate of flow of fluid table, total appendix, gas cushion, air gauge, air pump；Wherein, test sand body to be positioned in experiment container, gas point
Experiment container bottom is located at every device, several grid are separated into, the air pressure independence inside each grid, bottom metal net support reality
Sand body is tested, experiment sand body is connected with the gas separator of bottom, experiment sand body can not be by bottom metal net, while air can
Move upwards through wire netting, each grid of gas separator connects gas flow rate table and valve by single rubber tube,
Valve control gas flow velocity, with gas flow rate table gas flow rate is monitored, and the other end of valve connects gas cushion with rubber tube,
Gas cushion is the larger container of volume, and playing cushioning effect makes gas pressure and flow speed stability, and gas is installed on gas cushion
Pressure table, air pressure in monitoring buffer, is inflated, there is provided hyperbar using air pump to gas cushion；By each gas of Valve controlling
The gas flow rate and pressure of body separator, makes gas permeation bottom metal net to the sand body injection air in experiment container, sand body
It is divided into coarse sand and fine sand, its medium-fine sand occurs superpressure less than coarse sand due to permeability under air effect, produces plastic behavior, energy
The overpressured formation of foreland basin and delta gravitation gliding sturcture is enough simulated, realizes that basin modelling is tested.
2. according to the sandbox physical simulation experiment device for seismic prospecting of claim 1, it is characterised in that model module is used
Quartz sand being dried in the mesh of particle diameter 20 for placing simulation Basin Tectonic and the mesh of particle diameter 40 being dried quartz sand, the mesh of particle diameter 20 is dried quartz sand
For simulating the rock stratum of normal strata pressure, the mesh of particle diameter 40 be dried quartz sand for simulation form the rock stratum on abnormal overpressure stratum；
The mesh of particle diameter 40 is dried the distribution that the laying scope of quartz sand determines abnormal overpressure stratum, should test mesh according to realistic simulation
Needs laid.
3. according to the sandbox physical simulation experiment device for seismic prospecting of claim 1, it is characterised in that Formation overpressure adds
Carrying module is used to inject air to model sand body, and the infiltration of quartz sand is dried with the mesh of particle diameter 40 because the mesh of particle diameter 20 is dried quartz sand
Sex differernce, and make the mesh of particle diameter 40 be dried the abnormal overpressure that is internally formed of quartz sand, so as to simulate the plastic deformation of overpressured formation.
4. according to the sandbox physical simulation experiment device for seismic prospecting of claim 1, it is characterised in that it includes experiment
Platform, air-flow feedway two parts, the simulation of Formation overpressure passes through the gas of air-flow feedway Control release sand body diverse location
Stream size, is controlled, so as to realize foreland basin or delta gravitation gliding sturcture to the superpressure degree and plasticity of superpressure layer
Sandbox physical modeling；Laboratory table is to place the desktop of experiment sand body, is conducted oneself with dignity larger, stable, the equidistant perforate of base plate, by rubber
Sebific duct is connected with air-flow feedway；Air-flow feedway provides stable air-flow by air pump, and air-flow is carried out using valve
Slow down, so as to the air velocity of Control release sand body diverse location, i.e. fluid over-pressuring degree；Can be from top surface and side in experimentation
Face observation experiment carries out situation, and experiment can use liquid medicine dipping sand body to be allowed to consolidate, to sand body section horizontal profile is carried out after terminating
With the observation in vertical section.
5. a kind of method that usage right requires the arbitrary sandbox physical simulation experiment device for seismic prospecting in 1-4, its
It is characterised by, it comprises the following steps：
First according to physical modeling's likelihood ratio 1：105Computation model required size, with fine sand superpressure plastic formation, coarse sand mould are simulated
Intend normal pressure brittle formation, when air is injected, superpressure is produced, and fine sand layer produces under the force of gravity plastic deformation, simulates basin
Construction, the dyestuff between each stratum using different colours is distinguished by, and is easy to observe structural deformation, and experimentation can be filled out
Enter the newborn sedimentary formation of sand body skimulated motion phase or simulate manually and degrade phenomenon；Overall process is tested with cameras record, and in reality
Test medication water retting sand body after end to be allowed to solidify, internal cross section is observed after cutting, carry out experimentation and summary.
6. a kind of method that usage right requires the arbitrary sandbox physical simulation experiment device for seismic prospecting in 1-4, its
It is characterised by, it comprises the following steps：
The first step, according to actual basin size, according to 1：105Scale smaller draws the size of experiment body, according to actual basin fill
Formation thickness and form laying experiment sand body, wherein the stratum that Overpressure occurs is dried quartzy sand mo(u)ld with the particulate of the mesh of particle diameter 40
Intend, other mesh of normal pressure stratum particle diameter 20 or bigger coarse grain are dried quartz sand simulation；
Second step, first sets barometric maximum experiment air pressure, closes the valve of rubber tube in gas separator, closes total gas transmission
The valve of pipe, opens air pump, hereafter opens the valve of total appendix, is gradually opened the valve of rubber tube, and governing speed can not mistake
Hurry up, monitor the flow velocity of each grid in gas separator by gas flow rate table during regulation, until it reaches needed for experiment
Till, now overpressured formation is changed into plastic behavior by Brittleness, and experiment starts；
3rd step, from each side observation of model and can record in experimentation；After experiment terminates, the valve of rubber tube is kept
It is motionless, the valve of total appendix is first closed, after gas stops flowing, the valve of rubber tube is turned off, now superpressure layer is no longer
With plasticity, sections observation basin model internal structure after can shaping to testing sand body water spray.
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| CN107462938A (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2017-12-12 | 中国石油大学胜利学院 | Thrust belts structural physical simulation method |
| CN108413743A (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2018-08-17 | 朱柏艳 | A kind of drying cotton device with mirror image internal structure |
| CN108868754A (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2018-11-23 | 西安石油大学 | Unconformity barrier oil-gas reservoir physical simulation experiment device |
| CN109166441B (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2021-01-26 | 南京大学 | Diapir physical simulation experiment device and method used in supergravity environment |
| CN113192372B (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2023-06-23 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Inclined stratum physical model with trend intersected with boundary and physical simulation method |
| CN113671572B (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2023-08-22 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Seismic data imaging method and device based on indoor sand box |
| CN114441301A (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2022-05-06 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Crack development characteristic analysis method and device based on structural deformation physical simulation |
| CN114235650B (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2023-11-10 | 中海石油(中国)有限公司 | Method and system for predicting distribution of hydrocarbon source rocks |
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| CN202025479U (en) * | 2011-03-18 | 2011-11-02 | 西安科技大学 | Solid-gas coupling physical simulation experiment table |
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