CN207711345U - 一种基于体积形变的脉动塑化螺杆 - Google Patents

一种基于体积形变的脉动塑化螺杆 Download PDF

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CN207711345U
CN207711345U CN201820011240.5U CN201820011240U CN207711345U CN 207711345 U CN207711345 U CN 207711345U CN 201820011240 U CN201820011240 U CN 201820011240U CN 207711345 U CN207711345 U CN 207711345U
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武军
陈锐明
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/482—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws provided with screw parts in addition to other mixing parts, e.g. paddles, gears, discs
    • B29B7/483—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws provided with screw parts in addition to other mixing parts, e.g. paddles, gears, discs the other mixing parts being discs perpendicular to the screw axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/251—Design of extruder parts, e.g. by modelling based on mathematical theories or experiments
    • B29C48/2517—Design of extruder parts, e.g. by modelling based on mathematical theories or experiments of intermeshing screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B29C48/41—Intermeshing counter-rotating screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • B29C48/507—Screws characterised by the material or their manufacturing process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • B29C48/52—Screws with an outer diameter varying along the longitudinal axis, e.g. for obtaining different thread clearance
    • B29C48/525—Conical screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • B29C48/535—Screws with thread pitch varying along the longitudinal axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • B29C48/64—Screws with two or more threads

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Algebra (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
  • Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本实用新型公开了一种基于体积形变的脉动塑化螺杆，包括喂入段、脉动塑化段、排气段、二次脉动塑化段及均化段，构成所述喂入段、脉动塑化段、排气段、二次脉动塑化段和均化段的空间曲线都具有正位移特性，其中脉动塑化段和二次脉动塑化段均由周期性波动变化的多头螺旋空间曲面组成，从而使螺棱将螺杆的螺槽分割为一系列的大体积螺槽和小体积螺槽。该螺杆在旋转过程中，当塑料颗粒经过两个脉动塑化段时，其体积呈周期性的脉动变化，通过体积形变完成塑料的分散与塑化，降低分子间因摩擦产生的内热，加宽塑料产品成型的工艺窗口；且满足拉伸流变和剪切流变的塑化机理，在保证产量的同时，大幅度缩短螺杆的长度，从而获得更低的能耗比。

Description

一种基于体积形变的脉动塑化螺杆
技术领域
本实用新型属于塑料产品制备领域，具体涉及一种基于体积形变的脉动运动方式，完成塑化运输的塑化螺杆。
背景技术
塑料加工的核心工艺，是将粉状或颗粒状的塑料送入加工机筒，通过螺杆的塑化和输送特性，在机筒内经过高温加热、压缩和塑化等工序处理成为高温熔体，然后通过模具进行各种成型加工。塑料的压缩、输运和塑化效果与塑化装置的核心部件螺杆的结构构造有很大的关联，目前各类塑料加工设备中使用的机筒螺杆的塑化过程是基于剪切流变原理工作的，即依靠对物料的剪切、撕扯以及发热、拖拽等作用完成对物料的塑化。
经过长期的加工经验可以发现，依靠纯剪切流变塑化原理构造的螺杆有如下缺点：1、螺杆的长度过长造成塑化过程中的能耗高；2、塑料的分子链结构容易在不断和连续的剪切过程中遭到破坏和损伤，进而影响塑料制品性能；3、输送过程中，螺棱与螺槽之间的相对间隙是固定的，熔体内部的剪切内应力大，分子间因摩擦产生过高的内热，不利于熔体温度的控制从而影响成型制品的质量。
实用新型内容
本实用新型的目的就在于为了克服现有技术中存在的上述缺陷，以体积之间的脉动形变为主要特征，为拉伸流变塑化创造足够的条件，提供了一种可以依靠体积形变和脉动变化完成塑化的螺杆。
本实用新型通过以下技术方案来实现上述目的，一种基于体积形变的脉动塑化螺杆，包括喂入段、脉动塑化段、排气段、二次脉动塑化段及均化段，构成所述喂入段、脉动塑化段、排气段、二次脉动塑化段和均化段的空间曲线都具有正位移特性，其中脉动塑化段和二次脉动塑化段的空间曲线呈周期变化，螺棱将螺杆的螺槽分割为一系列的大体积螺槽和小体积螺槽。
上述技术方案中，所述脉动塑化段和二次脉动塑化段均由周期性波动变化的多头螺旋空间曲面组成，其螺纹头数可在2-6头选择，这种构造结构使得螺杆在带动塑料颗粒塑化的过程中，具有合理的输送特性和渐变的压缩比，塑料在受热输送过程中，螺槽和螺棱之间形成的空腔体积大小不一，且呈周期性交替变化，可以对熔体产生强大的拉伸流变塑化作用，提高塑化过程中熔体的物理性能。
上述技术方案中，所述脉动塑化螺杆可为圆柱形，也可为圆锥形，以使螺杆适应不同的应用场合。
总体而言，通过本实用新型所构思的以上技术方案与现有技术相比，可以达到以下有益效果：
1、在螺杆旋转过程中，当塑料颗粒经过两个脉动塑化段时，其熔体体积呈周期性的脉动变化，通过体积形变完成塑料的分散与塑化，同时降低分子间因摩擦产生的内热，加宽塑料产品成型的工艺窗口；
2、该螺杆在输送和塑化塑料颗粒的过程中，满足拉伸流变和剪切流变的塑化机理，在保证产量的同时，大幅度缩短螺杆的长度，从而获得更低的能耗比。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本实用新型的具体实施方式做进一步详细的说明，其中：
图1为本实用新型一种基于体积形变的脉动塑化螺杆的整体结构示意图；
图2为本实用新型一种基于体积形变的脉动塑化螺杆的螺棱和螺槽配合关系的局部放大示意图；
图3为本实用新型的脉动塑化螺杆第一种实施方式的部件剖视图；
图4为本实用新型的脉动塑化螺杆第二种实施方式的部件剖视图；
图5为本实用新型的脉动塑化螺杆第三种实施方式的部件剖视图；
图6为本实用新型的脉动塑化螺杆第四种实施方式的部件剖视图；
图7为本实用新型的脉动塑化螺杆第五种实施方式的部件剖视图；
图中：1-喂入段，2-脉动塑化段，3-排气段，4-二次脉动塑化段，5-均化段，6-大体积螺槽，7-小体积螺槽，8-螺棱，9-螺槽，10-圆柱状脉动塑化螺杆，11-塑化腔室，12-喂料口，13-圆锥状脉动塑化螺杆。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，为本实用新型一种基于体积形变的脉动塑化螺杆的整体结构示意图，包括喂入段1、脉动塑化段2、排气段3、二次脉动塑化段4及均化段5，构成所述喂入段1、脉动塑化段2、排气段3、二次脉动塑化段4和均化段5的空间曲线都具有正位移特性，其中脉动塑化段2和二次脉动塑化段4的空间曲线呈周期变化，螺棱8将螺杆的螺槽9分割为一系列的大体积螺槽6和小体积螺槽7，如图2所示为该脉动塑化螺杆上螺棱8和螺槽9配合关系的局部放大示意图。
作为本实用新型的一种技术优化方案，所述脉动塑化段2和二次脉动塑化段4均由周期性波动变化的螺旋空间曲面组成，其螺纹头数可在2-6头之间选择，这种构造结构使得螺杆在带动塑料颗粒塑化的过程中，具有合理的输送特性和渐变的压缩比，塑料在受热输送过程中，螺槽8和螺棱9之间形成的空腔体积大小不一，且呈周期性交替变化，可以对熔体产生强大的拉伸流变塑化作用，提高塑化过程的物理特性。
作为本实用新型的一种技术优化方案，所述脉动塑化螺杆可为圆柱状脉动塑化螺杆10，也可为圆锥状脉动塑化螺杆13，以使螺杆适应不同的应用场合。
如图3所示，为本实用新型的脉动塑化螺杆第一种实施方式的部件剖视图，单根圆柱状脉动塑化螺杆10、塑化腔室11以及喂料口12组成单螺杆脉动塑化挤出机，利用图1中的大体积螺槽6和小体积螺槽7的脉动变化，加强塑料的塑化效果。
如图4所示，为本实用新型的脉动塑化螺杆第二种实施方式的部件剖视图，两根圆柱状脉动塑化螺杆10和塑化腔室11组成双螺杆脉动塑化挤出机，利用图1中大体积螺槽6和小体积螺槽7旋转过程中的周期脉动变化，以及图2中螺棱8在螺槽9内的位置沿轴向前后搓动，使得双螺杆脉动塑化挤出机具备能耗低，塑化好的诸多优点。
如图5所示，为本实用新型的脉动塑化螺杆第三种实施方式的部件剖视图，单根圆锥状脉动塑化螺杆13、塑化腔室11以及喂料口12构成锥形脉动塑化挤出机，塑料在塑化推进的过程中，圆锥状脉动塑化螺杆13结合图1中的大体积螺槽6和小体积螺槽7产生脉动塑化，加强塑化效果。
如图6所示，为本实用新型的脉动塑化螺杆第四种实施方式的部件剖视图，用两根圆锥状脉动塑化螺杆13和塑化腔室11组成双螺杆锥型脉动塑化挤出机，塑料在塑化推进的过程中，两根圆锥状脉动塑化螺杆13，结合图1中大体积螺槽6和小体积螺槽7，以及图2中螺棱8和螺槽9的工作原理，使得挤出机具备低能耗，优塑化的诸多优点。
如图7所示，为本实用新型的脉动塑化螺杆第五种实施方式的部件剖视图，当脉动塑化螺杆构件应用于注塑机时，即成为脉动塑化注塑机，根据上述的脉动塑化原理，使得新型的脉动塑化注塑机同样具备脉动塑化特性，具有塑化好，能耗低的优点。
本领域的技术人员容易理解，以上所述仅为本实用新型的较佳实施例而已，并不用于限制本实用新型，凡在本实用新型的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本实用新型的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

1.一种基于体积形变的脉动塑化螺杆，包括喂入段（1）、脉动塑化段（2）、排气段（3）、二次脉动塑化段（4）及均化段（5），其特征在于：构成所述喂入段（1）、脉动塑化段（2）、排气段（3）、二次脉动塑化段（4）和均化段（5）的空间曲线都具有正位移特性，脉动塑化段（2）和二次脉动塑化段（4）的空间曲线呈周期变化，螺棱（8）将螺杆的螺槽（9）分割为一系列的大体积螺槽（6）和小体积螺槽（7）。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于体积形变的脉动塑化螺杆，其特征在于：所述脉动塑化段（2）由周期性波动变化的多头螺旋空间曲面组成，螺纹头数为2-6头。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于体积形变的脉动塑化螺杆，其特征在于：所述二次脉动塑化段（4）也周期性波动变化的多头螺旋空间曲面组成，螺纹头数为2-6头。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于体积形变的脉动塑化螺杆，其特征在于：所述脉动塑化螺杆可为圆柱形，也可为圆锥形。
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108016018A (zh) * 2018-01-04 2018-05-11 武军 一种基于体积形变的脉动塑化螺杆

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108016018A (zh) * 2018-01-04 2018-05-11 武军 一种基于体积形变的脉动塑化螺杆
WO2019134250A1 (zh) * 2018-01-04 2019-07-11 武军 一种基于体积形变的脉动塑化螺杆

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