CN207602119U - A kind of experimental rig for simulating tunnel excavation off-load - Google Patents
A kind of experimental rig for simulating tunnel excavation off-load Download PDFInfo
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- CN207602119U CN207602119U CN201721189535.3U CN201721189535U CN207602119U CN 207602119 U CN207602119 U CN 207602119U CN 201721189535 U CN201721189535 U CN 201721189535U CN 207602119 U CN207602119 U CN 207602119U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of experimental rigs for simulating tunnel excavation off-load, including axis, support construction and steel pipe sheet, steel pipe sheet is arc-like sheet and has more than two panels, the radian of steel pipe sheet is adapted with the tunnel inner wall to be simulated, steel pipe sheet more than two panels is surround successively to be sticked on the tunnel inner wall to be simulated, and constitute cylindrical cavity between steel pipe sheet more than two panels；Axis is arranged at the central axis of cylindrical cavity, support construction includes connecting rod and is connected to the supporting rod of connecting rod two end, wherein connecting rod is fixedly mounted on by supporting rod on axis, and bearing, the inner tubal wall sliding support connection of bearing and steel pipe sheet are also equipped on connecting rod；The beneficial effects of the utility model are：The water pocket and wax in traditional scheme can be replaced well, to realize " first loading, rear to excavate ".
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to underground engineering experimental technique field, is related to buried high-ground stress tunnel physical experiments,
More particularly to a kind of experimental rig for simulating tunnel excavation unloading, excellent excavation solution is provided for tunnel related physical model test
Certainly scheme, and then provide science for the brittle breaks feature such as surrouding rock stress variation and rock burst during researching and analysing tunnel excavation
Understanding.
Background technology
With the progress of China's development of the West Regions, western underground and Tunnel Engineering gradually to Tibet Plateau Development, great burying,
The complex geological conditions such as high-ground stress have become the significant problem that builder and scientific research personnel face, wherein, to hard crisp
For property rock mass, high stress rock burst is the Main Engineering Geological Problems of constructing tunnel.It is built under complicated field stress environment
Deep-buried Long And Big Tunnels and the high stress rock burst analysis and research carried out in process of construction, to ensureing tunnel smooth construction hair
Important function is waved.Therefore, it is very necessary research to be carried out to brittle breaks features such as rock bursts caused after tunnel excavation.
At present, the research method of the brittle breaks such as underground engineering rock tunnel rock burst mainly have theory analysis, numerical simulation,
A variety of research methods such as physical analogy, field observation monitoring.
Theory analysis is that the subjects such as deformation, intensity, failure criteria and its application in engineering to rock are inquired into,
In this respect, elastic theory, the theory of plasticity and pourable medium theory is continued to use for a long time to be studied.But due to rock mechanics
Matter is sufficiently complex, so these theoretical scope of applications are always limited.In recent years, it is such as non-although having developed some new theories
Continuum theory, but it is all not mature enough.For numerical analysis method although it is contemplated that the anisotropism of rock, anisotropy should
The non-linear and rheological characteristic of power-strain, viscous, elastic and plastic properties etc., still, since current rock mechanics experiment method relatively falls behind, with
As for that can not also provide accurate parameter and suitable boundary condition to calculate, this just makes the application of computing technique be affected.
Therefore, geotechnical engineering numerical analysis at present is only used for assisting other research means to be verified or qualitative analysis mostly.
Physical experiments are that live practical zoom model is placed in experiment body such as model support, wind-tunnel, sink, experiment dress
In putting etc., based on the theory of similarity, in the case where meeting basic condition of similarity, certain tittle for being obtained by the experiment on model
Between rule push back in prototype again, so as to obtain the regularity cognition to prototype, real processes main feature is simulated with this
Experimental method.Show since physical model test method can reproduce the live concrete engineering that can not be observed in experiment indoor simulation
As having very strong applicability with field in all fields, there are the characteristics such as direct, image, true, and results of Physical can
To be mutually authenticated with the calculated results, numerical result.So for some complicated underground engineerings nonlinear deformation with
It is best research means using physical experiments for strength failure problem.
At present, there are two types of physical experiments simulation tunnel excavation methods, one kind is " first excavating, rear to load "；It is another
It is " first loading, rear to excavate ".For " first excavating, rear to load " technical solution, usually when making similar material model, pass through
Reserving hole replaces tunnel excavation part, it is loaded after model reaches expected intensity, shortcoming essentially consists in not
It can realize the real simulation to Practical Project tunnel excavation unloading process under initial stress state.For " first load, after open
Dig " technical solution, it is general that there are two types of methods.A kind of is that the model after loading is directly excavated with mechanical geo-drilling equipment, shortcoming
It is：1st, time and effort consuming and hole wall is extremely irregular；2nd, it is very big to surrounding rock body disturbance in digging process, influence country rock secondary stress
Distribution；3rd, vibrations caused by excavating can influence collection of the monitoring instrument to data, and then influence result of the test.Another excavation side
Method is filling unloading type, and main representative has " water-filled balloon method " and " heating and melting method ", and principle is substantially：In the hole reserved
The substances such as water pocket or wax, rosin are inserted to replace tunnel excavation part, then laying down hydraulic pressure or heating in the model loading phase makes wax
Melt, the excavation to tunnel is realized with this.The drawback is that：Condition of Sudden Unloading when the 1st, excavating is only capable of simulation tunneling boring and instantaneously excavates,
Have ignored the tau-effect excavated and lead to surrouding rock deformation；2nd, the substances quality such as water pocket or wax, rosin is softer, and model cannot when loading
Bear larger stress, simulate under high-ground stress state, if to substitute section stiffness inadequate for tunnel excavation body, tunnel can occur compared with
Large deformation, and then tunnel is caused not excavate and just has occurred and that deformation failure；3rd, for " heating and melting method ", due to wax, rosin etc.
Thawing degree is uneven after substance is heated, and leads to surrouding rock stress performance otherness distribution.Summarize above technical scheme, defect master
It is：It is cumbersome, efficiency is low, rigidity is small, it is impossible to bear larger stress, be only capable of simulation full face tunneling, it is high to be not enough to simulation
The excavation in tunnel under crustal stress states.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of experimental rigs for simulating tunnel excavation unloading, solve model and excavate
When, being only capable of simulation tunneling boring, instantaneously excavation excavates the tau-effect for leading to surrouding rock deformation so as to have ignored, especially for " heating
For thawing method ", the problem of thawing degree is uneven to lead to the deficiency of surrouding rock stress performance otherness distribution.
To solve the technical issues of above-mentioned, the utility model uses following technical scheme：
A kind of experimental rig for simulating tunnel excavation off-load, including axis, support construction and steel pipe sheet, steel pipe sheet is arc
Piece and have more than two panels, the radian of steel pipe sheet is adapted with the tunnel inner wall to be simulated, steel pipe sheet more than two panels ring successively
It posts and is located on the tunnel inner wall to be simulated, and cylindrical cavity is constituted between steel pipe sheet more than two panels；
Axis is arranged at the central axis of cylindrical cavity, and support construction includes connecting rod and is connected to connecting rod two end
Supporting rod, wherein connecting rod is fixedly mounted on by supporting rod on axis, is also equipped with bearing on connecting rod, bearing and steel pipe sheet
Inner tubal wall sliding support connection.
Further technical solution is that the above-mentioned middle shaft along connecting rod offers bearing installation through-hole, and there are two bearings
More than, and be arranged in order in bearing installation through-hole.
Further technical solution is to be provided with limiting slot, supporting rod and connecting rod on the both ends end face of above-mentioned middle connecting rod
Junction be provided with limited block, limited block is located in limiting slot and passing through screw bolt and nut makes connecting rod and limiting slot fix and connect
It connects.
Further technical solution is, it is above-mentioned in the junction of every supporting rod and axis be both provided with buckle, buckle
The wing plate of a pair of parallel setting is provided on axis, and on buckle, one end of supporting rod is located between two wing plates, and
It is fixed together by screw bolt and nut.
Further technical solution is, it is above-mentioned in every steel pipe sheet be correspondingly arranged on one group or more of support construction.
Further technical solution is that above-mentioned middle steel pipe sheet has four, and support construction has four groups；
Four pairs of wing plates being arranged in parallel are both provided on each buckle, wing plate forms " well " font structure with being buckled, every group
Supporting rod in support construction is fixedly connected on by screw bolt and nut one-to-one correspondence in four pairs of wing plates being arranged in parallel.
Further technical solution is to be provided with screw thread on the axle body of above-mentioned axis, is had during adjusting nut is screwed in
On axis, there are two adjusting nuts, and is stuck in the outside of two buckles.
Further technical solution is that there are gaps between the two panels steel pipe sheet of above-mentioned middle arbitrary neighborhood.
Further technical solution is also to be fixedly connected with handle on above-mentioned axis.
The utility model principle：
First excavation experimental rig is installed in order to realize the test method of " first loading, rear to excavate ", before model loading and is treated
With the tunnel excavation experimental rig of this independent development has larger rigidity, can replace " tunnel excavation body " well, simultaneously
Experimental rig design size has higher precision, can uniformly contact tunnel inner wall, and can bear hole wall and be transmitted to experimental rig
Pressure, avoid tunnel that moderate finite deformation occurs during temperature and stress loading, stress distribution inside this process model and
The stress distribution on practical buried stratum is close；Therefore, it excavates experimental rig and physical model perfect adaptation is simulated in reality not
The original geological environment of homogeneous isotropism of tunnel excavation is carried out, after excavating experimental rig extraction, model Tunnel wall is
Stresses re-distribution and deformation failure can occur when excavating off-load.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are：
1st, the water pocket and wax in traditional scheme can be replaced well, to realize " first loading, rear to excavate "；
2nd, tool is there are two types of unloading way, can unrestricted choice as the case may be；
3rd, threedimensional model is not only suitable for, and suitable for areal model；
4th, sliding bearing structure is devised to realize excavation unloading process, and controllable excavation unloading rate；
5th, rigidity is big and is unlikely to deform, and can bear larger stress, alternative tunnel excavation body portion；
6th, simple structure is assembled by common part, and each component is easy to assembly, and dismounting is simple, can independently replace breakage
Part；
7th, bearing height, the various sizes of model tunnel excavation height of perfect matching can be arbitrarily adjusted in a certain range；
8th, it is cheap, it is reusable, it is economic and environment-friendly.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the utility model axis and the structure diagram of support construction.
Fig. 2 is the structure diagram of two pieces of steel pipe sheets of the utility model.
Fig. 3 is the structure diagram of the utility model connecting rod.
Fig. 4 is the structure diagram of the utility model supporting rod.
Fig. 5 is buckle structure schematic diagram of the utility model with four pairs of wing plates.
Fig. 6 is the attachment structure schematic diagram of the utility model connecting rod and supporting rod.
Fig. 7 is the attachment structure schematic diagram of the utility model buckle and supporting rod.
Fig. 8 is structure diagram when the utility model is used.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the purpose of the utility model, technical solutions and advantages more clearly understood, below in conjunction with attached drawing and implementation
Example, the present invention is further described in detail.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only used to explain
The utility model is not used to limit the utility model.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, 2, a kind of experimental rig for simulating tunnel excavation off-load, including axis 1,2 and of support construction
Steel pipe sheet 3, steel pipe sheet 3 is arc-like sheet and has more than two panels, and the radian of steel pipe sheet 3 is adapted with the tunnel inner wall to be simulated,
Steel pipe sheet 3 more than two panels is surround successively to be sticked on the tunnel inner wall to be simulated, and structure between steel pipe sheet 3 more than two panels
Into cylindrical cavity 4；Axis 1 is arranged at the central axis of cylindrical cavity 4, and support construction 2 includes connecting rod 5 and connects respectively
The supporting rod 6 at 5 both ends of connecting rod is connected on, wherein connecting rod 5 is fixedly mounted on by supporting rod 6 on axis 1, is also equipped on connecting rod 5
Bearing 7, bearing 7 and the inner tubal wall sliding support of steel pipe sheet 3 connect.
In the present embodiment, by the way that the both ends of connecting rod 5 are fixedly mounted supporting rod 6 so that connecting rod 5, supporting rod 6 and axis
1 constitutes similar to trapezoidal structure, and the bearing 7 that connecting rod 5 is installed so that axis 1 and support construction 2 can be along steel by bearing 7
Section of jurisdiction 3 is slided, in this way can be by the way that axis 1 is driven to realize the speed of control off-load.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figure 1,3, in contrast to embodiment 1, the present embodiment optimizes connecting rod 5, and bearing is offered along the shaft of connecting rod 5
Installation through-hole 8, bearing 7 are arranged in order there are two more than in bearing installation through-hole 8.
In the present embodiment, the realization off-load that multiple bearings 7 can be more stable, while by opening up bearing installation through-hole 8, make
It obtains multiple bearings 7 to install more neatly, avoids the problem that the horizontal gradient error between each bearing 7 is larger.
Embodiment 3
As shown in Fig. 3,4,6, in contrast to embodiment 1, the present embodiment optimizes the connection of connecting rod 5 and supporting rod 6, connecting rod 5
Both ends end face on be provided with limiting slot 9, the junction of supporting rod 6 and connecting rod 5 is provided with limited block 10, and limited block 10 is located at limit
In the slot 9 of position and passing through screw bolt and nut makes connecting rod 5 be fixedly connected with limiting slot 9.
In the present embodiment, supporting rod 6 and connecting rod 5 are fixed together by screw bolt and nut, at the same when in order to
When adapting to the size of simulation tunnel internal, 5 phase of connecting rod can also be changed by adjusting the angle between supporting rod 6 and connecting rod 5
For the position of axis 1, during adjustment, it is only necessary to back-out nut, then adjust the angle, after angularly adjusting, then tighten spiral shell
Mother is so as to fixed.
Embodiment 4
As shown in Fig. 5,7,8, in contrast to embodiment 1, the present embodiment optimizes the connection of supporting rod 6 and axis 1, every branch
The junction of strut 6 and axis 1 is both provided with buckle 11, and buckle 11 is mounted on axis 1, and is provided on buckle 11 a pair of flat
The wing plate 12 of row setting, one end of supporting rod 6 are located between two wing plates 12, and pass through screw bolt and nut and be fixedly connected on one
It rises.
In the present embodiment, the installation of supporting rod 6 can be facilitated by buckle, and one end of supporting rod 6 is arranged on two and puts down
Between the wing plate 12 of row setting, and pass through screw bolt and nut and be fixedly connected, then also achieve the adjustment function of angle.
Embodiment 5
As shown in figure 8, in contrast to embodiment 1, the present embodiment optimizes support construction 2, and every steel pipe sheet 3 is correspondingly arranged
There is one group or more of support construction 2.
Embodiment 6
As shown in figure 8, in contrast to embodiment 4, the present embodiment optimizes steel pipe sheet 3 and buckle 11, and steel pipe sheet 3 has four,
Support construction 2 has four groups；Four pairs of wing plates being arranged in parallel 12 are both provided on each buckle 11, wing plate 12 is formed with buckle 11
" well " font structure, supporting rod 6 in every group of support construction 2 by screw bolt and nut one-to-one correspondence be fixedly connected on four pairs it is flat
In the wing plate 12 of row setting.
Embodiment 7
As shown in Fig. 1,8, in contrast to embodiment 1, the present embodiment optimizes axis 1, and spiral shell is provided on the axle body of axis 1
Line has adjusting nut 13 to be screwed on axis 1, and there are two adjusting nuts 13, and is stuck in the outside of two buckles 11.
In the present embodiment, position of the adjusting nut 13 on axis 1 can be adjusted by screw thread, so as to control two buckles
11 position, and then change supporting rod 6 angle of inclination, connecting rod 5 relative to axis 1 position.
Embodiment 8
As shown in figure 8, in contrast to embodiment 1, the present embodiment optimizes steel pipe sheet 3, the two panels steel pipe sheet 3 of arbitrary neighborhood it
Between there are gaps 14.
Embodiment 9
As shown in Figure 1, in contrast to embodiment 1, the present embodiment optimizes axis 1, and handle is also fixedly connected on axis 1
15。
In the present embodiment, handle 15 is conveniently operated axis 1.
For a kind of above-mentioned embodiment for the experimental rig for simulating tunnel excavation off-load, the tool of this experimental rig is described below
Body operating process.
First, each component assembling of experimental rig；
13, two buckles 11 with four pairs of wing plates 12 of an adjusting nut are first socketed on axis 1 successively, then are inserted in one
A adjusting nut 13, is then fixed together connecting rod 5 and supporting rod 6 by screw bolt and nut, then supporting rod 6 and buckle 11
On wing plate 12 be fixed together by screw bolt and nut, finally by screw bolt and nut by bearing 7 be mounted on connecting rod 5 on axis
It holds in installation through-hole 8.
The 2nd, model test apparatus is installed；
By four 3 splits of steel pipe sheet with certain rigidity in Tunnel wall, there are certain between each other for each steel pipe sheet 3
Spacing, effect be facilitate installation and excavate after take out, then the inner supporting structure of excavation experimental rig is put into tunnel,
Inside is adjusted by the adjusting nut 13 on rotating middle shaft 1 and props up height, makes each bearing 7 that can be close to steel pipe sheet 3, and make steel
Section of jurisdiction 3 can be adjacent to Tunnel wall, then slowly firmly adjust support structure position by handle 15, make it in model Tunnel axis
Direction is placed in the middle, and so far, excavating experimental rig, installation is complete.
3rd, tunnel excavation off-load is simulated；
After excavation experimental rig installs, model is given to load, when being loaded onto the crustal stress value to be simulated, stops loading,
It keeps stress condition constant, carries out model tunnel excavation after a period of stabilisation.There are two types of excavation sides for experimental rig tool of the present invention
Formula can select specific digging mode according to different tests requirement.It is high for test requirements document（As threedimensional model is tested）It can
It completes to excavate using bearing pull, it is general for test requirements document（As areal model is tested）Bearing pull or rotation may be selected
Adjusting nut 13 on axis 1 makes the slack and undisciplined power of unloading of inner supporting structure complete to excavate.The tunnel excavation of simulation is excavated for moment,
The support slide construction excavated inside experimental rig is extracted out rapidly or rotation adjusting nut 13 unloads power, the steel pipe on the wall country rock of hole
Piece 3 supports and moment slump due to losing, then quickly takes out steel pipe sheet 3 out of tunnel, completes tunnel excavation unloading model.
By the above method, the utility model is realized to be unlikely to deform in the case where simulating high-ground stress engineering geological condition, easily
In manual operation and the excavation unloading process of energy real simulation tunnel " first loading, rear to excavate ".
Although reference be made herein to the utility model is described in multiple explanatory embodiments of the utility model, still,
It should be understood that those skilled in the art can be designed that a lot of other modifications and embodiment, these modifications and embodiment
It will fall within spirit disclosed in the present application and spirit.More specifically, it discloses in the application, drawings and claims
In the range of, a variety of variations and modifications can be carried out to the building block and/or layout of theme combination layout.In addition to building block
And/or outside the modification and improvement of layout progress, to those skilled in the art, other purposes also will be apparent.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of experimental rig for simulating tunnel excavation off-load, including axis（1）, support construction（2）And steel pipe sheet（3）, it is described
Steel pipe sheet（3）For arc-like sheet and have more than two panels, steel pipe sheet（3）Radian be adapted with the tunnel inner wall to be simulated, two panels
The above steel pipe sheet（3）It surround and is sticked on the tunnel inner wall to be simulated, and steel pipe sheet more than two panels successively（3）It
Between constitute cylindrical cavity（4）；
It is characterized in that：The axis（1）It is arranged on cylindrical cavity（4）Central axis at, the support construction（2）Including
Connecting rod（5）Be connected to connecting rod（5）The supporting rod at both ends（6）, wherein connecting rod（5）Pass through supporting rod（6）It is fixedly mounted on
Axis（1）On, the connecting rod（5）On be also equipped with bearing（7）, the bearing（7）With steel pipe sheet（3）Inner tubal wall sliding support
Connection.
2. a kind of experimental rig for simulating tunnel excavation off-load according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Along the connecting rod
（5）Shaft offer bearing installation through-hole（8）, the bearing（7）There are two more than, and it is arranged in order and is installed mounted on bearing
Through-hole（8）It is interior.
3. a kind of experimental rig for simulating tunnel excavation off-load according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The connecting rod
（5）Both ends end face on be provided with limiting slot（9）, supporting rod（6）With connecting rod（5）Junction be provided with limited block（10）, institute
State limited block（10）Positioned at limiting slot（9）It is interior and pass through screw bolt and nut and make connecting rod（5）And limiting slot（9）It is fixedly connected.
4. a kind of experimental rig for simulating tunnel excavation off-load according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The every branch
Strut（6）With axis（1）Junction be both provided with buckle（11）, the buckle（11）Mounted on axis（1）On, and be buckled
（11）On be provided with the wing plate of a pair of parallel setting（12）, the supporting rod（6）One end be located at two wing plates（12）Between, and
It is fixed together by screw bolt and nut.
5. a kind of experimental rig for simulating tunnel excavation off-load according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The every steel
Section of jurisdiction（3）It is correspondingly arranged on one group or more of support construction（2）.
6. a kind of experimental rig for simulating tunnel excavation off-load according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The steel pipe sheet
（3）There are four, the support construction（2）There are four groups；
Each buckle（11）On be both provided with four pairs of wing plates being arranged in parallel（12）, the wing plate（12）With buckle（11）Structure
Into " well " font structure, support construction described in every group（2）On supporting rod（6）Fixed connect is corresponded by screw bolt and nut
It is connected on four pairs of wing plates being arranged in parallel（12）On.
7. a kind of experimental rig for simulating tunnel excavation off-load according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The axis
（1）Axle body on be provided with screw thread, have adjusting nut（13）It is screwed in axis（1）On, the adjusting nut（13）There are two, and
It is stuck in two buckles（11）Outside.
8. a kind of experimental rig for simulating tunnel excavation off-load according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Arbitrary neighborhood
Steel pipe sheet described in two panels（3）Between there are gaps（14）.
9. a kind of experimental rig for simulating tunnel excavation off-load according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The axis
（1）On be also fixedly connected with handle（15）.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201721189535.3U CN207602119U (en) | 2017-09-15 | 2017-09-15 | A kind of experimental rig for simulating tunnel excavation off-load |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201721189535.3U CN207602119U (en) | 2017-09-15 | 2017-09-15 | A kind of experimental rig for simulating tunnel excavation off-load |
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| CN207602119U true CN207602119U (en) | 2018-07-10 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112485409A (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-03-12 | 重庆交通大学 | Test model and method for tunnel simulated excavation |
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2017
- 2017-09-15 CN CN201721189535.3U patent/CN207602119U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112485409A (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-03-12 | 重庆交通大学 | Test model and method for tunnel simulated excavation |
| CN112485409B (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2024-04-12 | 重庆交通大学 | Test model and method for simulating tunnel excavation |
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