CN207600470U - Twin shaft interference star sensor device based on two-dimensional grating - Google Patents
Twin shaft interference star sensor device based on two-dimensional grating Download PDFInfo
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- CN207600470U CN207600470U CN201721084130.3U CN201721084130U CN207600470U CN 207600470 U CN207600470 U CN 207600470U CN 201721084130 U CN201721084130 U CN 201721084130U CN 207600470 U CN207600470 U CN 207600470U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of twin shafts based on two-dimensional grating to interfere star sensor device, which adds in Taibo interference component before conventional optical systems, which forms for two blocks of two-dimensional gratings and wedge-shaped mirrors group pattern.Second two-dimensional grating is set at a certain talbot distance of the first two-dimensional grating, and the second two-dimensional grating causes only to obtain a Moire fringe in clear aperature along optical axis rotation certain angle relative to the first two-dimensional grating.Wedge-shaped mirrors group pattern is made of four pieces of identical rectangular wedges, and light is divided into four direction, and four asterisms are finally formed on CCD, is distributed by the relative intensity for detecting four asterisms, can be obtained the angle change of incident starlight.Relative to traditional star sensor, the detectable theoretical precision of the utility model is better than 0.2 rad.Due to using two-dimensional grating, the angle change in both direction can be detected simultaneously, and compact-sized, the scale of construction is light and handy, suitable for fields such as aerospaces.
Description
Technical field
The utility model is related to a kind of star sensor systems for track and localization more particularly to one kind to be based on two-dimensional grating
Twin shaft interference star sensor device.
Background technology
Star sensor has the characteristics that precision is high, independence is strong, is not influenced by track, be mesh using fixed star as reference data
The highest sensor of precision, can reach rad grade in preceding all attitude sensors.Compared with other attitude sensors, star is sensitive
Utensil has the advantages that precision is high, light-weight, low in energy consumption, varied without drift and working method, star sensor of new generation with
Inertia gyroscope equally has the ability of independent navigation, is a kind of excellent and promising attitude measurement equipment.Star sensor
Attitude information comes from the direction and fixed star starlight direction vector of the direction vector of fixed star starlight in inertial coordinate system in star
The direction of sensor measuring coordinate system.Due to the subtended angle very little of fixed star, by the astronomical observation of centuries, they are in Earth central inertial
Orientation in referential is accurately known.The high-precision star place that star sensor can be provided in its measuring coordinate system is surveyed
Amount, so the posture angular accuracy of star sensor that measuring and calculating obtains can be as accurate as rad grade.At present to the research of star sensor and
Using very active, and it is widely used to earth remote sensing, earth mapping, survey of deep space, planet mapping, interplanetary communication and intercontinental
The aerospace fields such as guided missile.
Traditional optical system of star sensor utilizes optical system by detecting the position of asterism blur circle in image planes
Angle of incidence of light of the asterism relative to optical system is calculated in focal length, and the positioning accuracy of incident ray depends primarily on light
The visual field of system, the number of arrays of detector and the arithmetic accuracy for judging blur circle barycenter.When detector array columns is certain
When, it is contradiction between the measurement accuracy of star place and field angle size：Small field angle can obtain higher measurement accuracy,
But trappable nautical star quantity is fewer in visual field, leads to the reduction of star sensor star detectivity, is unfavorable for importance in star map recognition
With the dynamic property of aircraft；And big field angle can cause measurement accuracy to be deteriorated.The space flight that this contradiction is flown in high dynamic
It is more prominent in device：High-precision attitude determines that requirement uses smaller star sensor field angle, but since the flight of spacecraft is moved
State range is big, it is impossible to ensure that enough nautical stars can be photographed simultaneously in each moment visual field.Star sensor can be limited in this way
Star detectivity and cause the decline of attitude determination accuracy.Using 20 degree of full filed, detector array columns as 1K × 1K, judge more
For dissipating circle 1/20 pixel accuracy of barycenter, incident ray positioning accuracy can reach 2.5 rads.Improve the number of arrays of detector
No doubt detection accuracy can be improved, but this promoted is limited, and can bring additional cost.
When with monochromatic collimated beam vertical irradiation one-dimensional grating, will appear the picture of grating at periodic distance after grating, this
The self-imaging of kind grating is referred to as Tabo effect.Placed at a certain talbot distance of first block of grating second piece it is identical
One-dimensional grating, and enable it along some minute angle of optical axis rotation, then second block of grating can be with first block of grating from imaging gatestack
And form one-dimensional Moire fringe.When angle of incident light changes, Moire fringe can move, by measuring Moire fringe
The variation of mobile detectable incident angle.Two Ronchi gratings are placed before optical system and may make up interference-type star sensor,
Utilize the mobile detected with high accuracy incident angle of Moire fringe.However this method is only capable of the angle change on one axis of detection, if
It realizes that twin shaft detects, needs, by two uniaxial grating couplings, to increase whole volume weight.It is identical with one-dimensional grating, two
Grating is tieed up there is also self-imaging, wherein amplitude grating obtains integer Tabo effect, and it is safe that phase grating obtains score
Primary effect.Due to phase grating to light intensity almost without attenuation, there is higher light utilization ratio than amplitude grating, so
In grating shearing imaging system, multiselect phase type.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is that in view of the deficiencies of the prior art, provide a kind of twin shaft interference based on two-dimensional grating
Star sensor device can greatly promote the twin shaft detection accuracy of star sensor under the premise of detection viewing field is not sacrificed.The dress
It puts by adding in interference component before conventional optical systems, the variation of incident angle is detected using the movement of moire pattern, is adopted
With two-dimensional phase grating, it is not required to the uniaxial star sensor of coupling two, you can while the high-accuracy change of the angle of probing both direction
Change, volume is light and handy.
The purpose of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions：A kind of twin shaft interference based on two-dimensional grating
Star sensor device, including Taibo interference component, optical imaging system and CCD；The Taibo interference component is set to optics
Imaging system front end is made of two blocks of two-dimensional gratings separated by a distance and wedge-shaped mirrors group pattern.
Further, the Taibo interference component is by two blocks of Two dimensional Distribution gratings separated by a distance and wedge-shaped microscope group
Array is formed.Wherein second block of grating relative to first block of grating along optical axis rotation certain angle, and positioned at second block of grating
A certain talbot distance at, form Taibo interferometer.Incident light forms vertical and horizontal two groups of Moire fringes after two blocks of gratings, when entering
When penetrating light angle and changing, cause the movement of Moire fringe.Second piece of grating rotating is enabled to certain angle, in clear aperature
A Moire fringe is inside obtained, then the movement of Moire fringe causes the significantly change of light distribution in the aperture.
Further, wedge-shaped mirrors group pattern is made of four pieces of identical rectangular wedges, and four pieces of wedges are glued at same bottom plate
In plane, and the angle of wedge be respectively facing four direction and be glued on one piece of bottom plate, form a rectangular optical wedge array, the light
Wedge array is close to second piece of two-dimensional grating rear surface, and array length of side size corresponds to the width of said one Moire fringe.Before menstruation
The light for stating the modulation of Taibo interferometer invests four direction respectively after wedge microscope group, and Moire fringe is divided into four regions, incident
The corresponding luminous intensity in four regions is it has also been found that cyclically-varying during angle change.
Further, for two blocks of two-dimensional gratings using the phase grating of two dimension, it can be to the light of both direction
It is modulated, double-axis tracking can be carried out.Compared to amplitude grating, two-dimensional phase grating can adjust the phase of incident light wave
System, therefore its light-transmissive rate higher.
Further, the device further includes image intensifier and fiber optic imaging device, the image intensifier and optical fiber
Biography is set to CCD front ends as device, for enhancing faint starlight, improves detectivity.
In the utility model, the two-dimensional grating can regard the superposition of two one-dimensional gratings as, shape behind second block of grating
Into mutually perpendicular two groups of interference fringes.When angle of incident light changes in the horizontal direction, the interference item of horizontal direction
Line will be moved along vertical direction；When angle of incident light is when vertical direction changes, the interference fringe of vertical direction will
It is moved along horizontal direction.Therefore the variation of both direction upper angle can be detected simultaneously.The optical imaging system is by wedge
The separated four bundles light of array is imaged on focal plane arrays (FPA), then each target satellite can obtain four asterisms on the detector, right
It should be changed by the relative intensity for detecting four asterisms in four regions of wedge, vertical and horizontal two groups of Moire fringes can be solved
Initial phase, so as to the minor change of detectable angle of incident light.
In practical applications, coarse positioning can be carried out to incident star by detecting the centre coordinate of four asterisms, passed through
The relative intensity variation of four asterisms is accurately positioned.
The utility model advantageous effect is：
1. the utility model improves the reason of traditional star sensor by adding in Taibo interference component before conventional optical systems
By the detection accuracy limit.It is of less demanding to the number of arrays of detector, while can realize larger field.
2. the utility model forms the Taibo interferometer of two dimension using two-dimensional grating, without coupling two uniaxial star sensors
Twin shaft detected with high accuracy can be realized.Simple in structure, the scale of construction is light and handy.
3. the utility model is divided by four wedges, the opposite variation of four asterisms is detected in image planes to detect
The change in location of single star.Direct detection Moire fringe is not needed to, can theoretically detect each fixed star in design visual field.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the utility model apparatus system schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the utility model structure diagram.
Fig. 3 is four-range Strength Changes figure described in the utility model.
Fig. 4 is that two-dimensional grating and corresponding imaging certainly can be used in the utility model.
Fig. 5 is the moiré topography that the utility model uses certain two-dimensional grating to generate.
Fig. 6 is four asterisms of the utility model with angle change figure.
In figure：First two-dimensional grating 1, the second two-dimensional grating 2, wedge-shaped mirrors group pattern 3, optical imaging system 4, image intensifier
5th, fiber optic imaging device 6, ccd detector 7.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiment is described in further detail the utility model.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of twin shaft interference-type star sensor provided by the utility model, including Taibo interference component, light
Learn imaging system, image intensifier, fiber optic imaging device, ccd detector and subsequent signal acquiring and processing system.
As shown in Fig. 2, when incident starlight passes through first block of two-dimensional grating 1, it will sent out in horizontal and vertical both direction
Raw diffraction carries out incident light the modulation in both direction.At a certain talbot distance, being imaged certainly for the grating will be formed.
Second block of identical grating 2 is placed at this, relative to first block of grating 1 along optical axis rotation certain angle, then second block of light
Grid 2 will be superimposed with the imaging certainly of first block of grating, and mutually perpendicular two groups of interference fringes can be formed behind second block of grating 2.
By principle of optical interference it is found that when asterism angle of incident light changes, the light phase of 2 back region of the second grating will be caused
Position translates, and is translated so as to cause the light intensity distributions in the region, therefore two groups of interference fringes will enter with asterism
It penetrates the variation of light angle and moves.When angle of incident light changes in the horizontal direction, the interference of horizontal direction
Striped will be moved along vertical direction；When angle of incident light is when vertical direction changes, the interference fringe of vertical direction
It will be moved along horizontal direction.
As shown in Fig. 3 (a), two blocks of gratings of adjustment make institute's shape behind second block of grating relative to the small deflection angle of optical axis
Into every group of interference fringe only comprising a striped, and the region behind second block of grating 2 is divided into A (upper left), B (upper right), C
(lower-left), four regions of D (bottom right), the then variation according to four region light energies, so that it may which high-precision perceives entrance ray angle
The variable quantity of degree.In four regions behind second block of grating 2, if it is bright fringes area that horizontal direction striped, which forms top half,
Domain, lower half portion are dark fringe region, and vertical direction striped formation left-half is bright fringes region, right half part is dark fringe
Region, then (maximum light energy is normalized to 1) shown in relative light intensity such as Fig. 3 (b) in four regions.When asterism incident ray
Angle changes in the horizontal direction, horizontal direction striped is made to move half of striped in vertical direction, then the phase in four regions
To luminous intensity such as Fig. 3 (c) Suo Shi.To sum up, when half of striped of moving interference fringes, the light energy in four regions changes
The 50% of maximum light energy.
In order to detect the energy that the interference fringe after second block of grating is formed, 2 × 2 are placed behind second block of grating
The wedge-shaped mirrors group pattern 3 of array makes the light being emitted at interference fringe, deviates the four of former field angle through wedge-shaped mirrors group pattern 3
A different directions are incident on the optical imaging system 4 of rear end, are enhanced by image intensifier 5, and after passing through fiber optic imaging device 6
Four laser image spots are finally formed on ccd detector 7.Four laser image spots are respectively tetra- area light energy integrals of A, B, C, D
Result.
The initial phase of two groups of chiasma interference stripeds can be asked for using the energy of 4 hot spots corresponding to asterism.Work as asterism
When minor change occurs for incident ray direction, the energy of 4 hot spots will be caused to vary widely, according to the change of four asterisms
Change, the horizontal variation with vertical direction interference fringe initial phase can be asked for, so as to obtain the amount of movement of interference fringe.According to optics
Interference theory, it may be determined that the relationship between the angle change and moving interference fringes of asterism incident ray can then obtain in high precision
Obtain the angle change of incident ray.
It is the focal length using sensor pixels size and optical system first with conventional method in the utility model, according to
The coarse positioning of asterism incidence angle is carried out according to change in location of the center of 4 asterisms in image planes.Then the light of 4 asterisms is recycled
The precision positioning of asterism incidence angle is realized in the variation of spot energy value.
In the utility model, used two-dimensional grating, using phase grating, to obtain the light-transmissive rate of bigger.
The grating of different distributions form and different modulating depth, certainly common two-dimensional phase grating and its imaging can be chosen as needed
Pattern is shown in Fig. 4.(a) netted π phase gratings are used, generate checkerboards；(b) netted pi/2 phase grating is used, is generated netted
Bright rays；(c) using checkerboard π phase gratings, netted dark line is generated；(d) using checkerboard pi/2 phase grating, checkerboard is generated
Striped.
In the utility model, incident ray positioning accuracy and the detection of screen periods, two grating spaces and ceiling capacity
Tonal gradation is related, can adjust these three parameters according to detection needs.
In the utility model, involved optical element surface needs to plate anti-reflection film, to improve the efficiency of light energy utilization, avoids
Form ghost image and dazzle.
In the utility model, an asterism in a distant place forms 4 picture points, therefore each picture point on ccd detector 7
The energy a quarter that will be reduced into preimage point.In order to improve the sensitivity of detection asterism, carried using the mode of image intensifier
It is highly sensitive.It is connected using fiber optic imaging device, photon detection performance can theoretically be made to improve 1000 times.Image intensifier mainly wraps
Include photocathode (Photocathode), ion feedback preventing film (Ion Barrier Film), microchannel plate (Micro Channel
) and fluorescent screen (Fluorescent Screen) Plate.Its basic principle is that faint light energy is incident on cathode panel,
Based on photoelectricity transformation principle, photon, which transfers energy to electronics, makes its movement form electric current, and electronics is due to the energy that the external world obtains
Higher energy rank is transitted to, the energy of acquisition is more, and the energy rank transitted to is also higher.Electronics is in simultaneously unstable during higher energy rank
It is fixed, the energy of acquisition can be released back to original energy rank quickly.Therefore energy amplifies through microchannel plate, is excited on fluorescent screen
Go out stronger luminous energy.Most afterwards through passing as equipment will be in the optical signal transmission to sensor of amplification.
In the utility model, image intensifier cutout screen and CCD are directly tied by light cone, light cone is a kind of hard
Optical fiber taper is passed as device.It is to transmit different pixels by the thousands of optical fiber filaments being merged to realize biography
As function, except that the tapered structure of light cone fiber, it provides a kind of amplification or diminution, distortionless figure
As transmission.Compared with lens system, one 2: if the object image distance of 1 reduced image is with light cone, its length only has 12.5mm, and uses
Lens system is about 75mm.If drawdown ratio bigger, the superiority of light cone is more shown, and do not distort, it is light-weight,
Optically and mechanically performance is stablized, and significantly reduces the weight of system, improves the clarity of image.
In the utility model, wedge-shaped mirrors group pattern is made of four identical rectangular wedges, four wedge angles of wedge
Four direction up and down is respectively facing, and is glued on one piece of square floor, for incident light to be divided into four direction.
In the utility model, since starlight is weaker, CCD in higher sensitivity should be used as detector.
For the Taibo interference component, in order to improve light-transmissive rate, two-dimensional grating uses phase grating, relatively
In amplitude grating, phase of light wave is modulated.And design can be passed through as substrate using the higher material of light-transmissive rate
The structure of phase grating inhibits high order diffraction wave, inhibits dispersion.The inclination angle of Rational choice wedge is answered, four asterisms is made separately to close
Suitable distance, conducive to detection and analysis.It should closely be connected between four small wedges, entirely be glued at the high substrate plate of light transmittance
On.
To the optical imaging system, its structure should be rationally designed, chooses suitable focal length.Make four stars of every star
It can be separated by a distance, while four asterisms of each star in visual field is made not interfere with each other between point.In order to improve light-use
Rate, should use eyeglass few as possible, and optical surface should plate anti-reflection film.
The embodiment and process of the utility model are as follows：
The spectral region of optical system be 450nm~850nm, selections screen periods be 50um, two grating distance 50mm, when
When Moire fringe moves half of striped, the angle change of incident ray is α=0.029°, moving interference fringes half at this time
Line, light energy have changed the 50% of ceiling capacity, if the detection tonal gradation of ceiling capacity reaches 1000, move half of striped
Ceiling capacity detection tonal gradation reach 500, the light positioning accuracy so as to be obtained using this method is up to α/500, i.e.,
0.2″。
According to the two-dimensional grating of net distribution, Moire fringe pattern such as Fig. 5 can be obtained after two blocks of gratings, i.e., it is a series of
The square striped of net distribution.Rotate second piece of grating angle, you can square More's item is obtained at optical wedge array
Line.The arrangement for enabling grating array is as follows：Wherein upward, the upper right optical fiber angle of wedge surpasses the upper left wedge angle of wedge towards the right side, the bottom right wedge angle of wedge
Under, the lower-left wedge angle of wedge is towards a left side.When angle of incident light changes, the relative intensity of four asterisms changes, and such as schemes
6.Such as Fig. 6 (a), when light normal incidence, the phase shift of jail-bar level and vertical direction is 0, and square bright rays is located at aperture
Center, the energy quartering after four pieces of wedges, therefore four obtained spot intensities are equal；Such as Fig. 6 (b), when incident ray only
When vertical direction tilts, striped moves in the horizontal direction, square bright rays is located at the side to the right in aperture, therefore corresponds to
The upper hot spot and left hot spot of the left one side of something of optical wedge array are partially dark, partially bright corresponding to the right hot spot and lower hot spot of the right one side of something of optical wedge array；
Such as Fig. 6 (c), when incident ray when vertically and horizontally tilting simultaneously, striped is both vertically and horizontally equal
It moves, square bright rays is located at the lower section to the right in aperture, therefore most bright corresponding to the lower hot spot of optical wedge array lower right-most portion, right
Should in optical wedge array upper left upper hot spot it is most dark.Since the Moire fringe of the two dimension can regard horizontal direction and vertical direction as
The superposition of two groups of Moire fringes by the energy product score value of four hot spots of measurement, can ask for the energy variation of vertical and horizontal two groups of stripeds,
The energy variation is in sine relation with light phase, therefore can be by obtaining phase change curve according to energy curves.If water
It puts down or vertical direction phase change isThe variation of direction incident angle, which can then be released, isWherein p is
Screen periods, ztFor two grating distances, substitution can acquire angle of incident light variation.By change screen periods and grating away from
From can further improve detection accuracy.
Above-mentioned specific embodiment is used for illustrating the utility model rather than limiting the utility model,
In the spirit and scope of the claims of the utility model, to any modifications and changes that the utility model is made, all fall
Enter the scope of protection of the utility model.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of twin shaft interference star sensor device based on two-dimensional grating, including optical imaging system and CCD, feature exists
In：Further include Taibo interference component；Taibo interference component is set to optical imaging system front end, the Taibo interference component by
Two blocks of two-dimensional gratings separated by a distance and wedge-shaped mirrors group pattern are formed.
2. a kind of twin shaft interference star sensor device based on two-dimensional grating according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute
The second two-dimensional grating is set at a certain talbot distance of the first two-dimensional grating in the Taibo interference component stated, and forms Taibo interference
Instrument, and the second two-dimensional grating only to obtain one in clear aperature relative to the first two-dimensional grating along optical axis rotation certain angle
A Moire fringe.
3. a kind of twin shaft interference star sensor device based on two-dimensional grating according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute
The wedge-shaped mirrors group pattern stated is made of four pieces of identical rectangular wedges, and four pieces of wedges are glued on same base plate plane, and the angle of wedge
Four direction is respectively facing, forms a rectangular optical wedge array, which is close to the second two-dimensional grating rear surface.
4. a kind of twin shaft interference star sensor device based on two-dimensional grating according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute
The two blocks of two-dimensional gratings stated are using the phase grating of two dimension.
5. a kind of twin shaft interference star sensor device based on two-dimensional grating according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：Institute
The device stated further includes image intensifier and fiber optic imaging device, before the image intensifier and fiber optic imaging device are set to CCD
End.
6. a kind of twin shaft interference star sensor device based on two-dimensional grating according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：Institute
The fiber optic imaging device stated is light cone.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201721084130.3U CN207600470U (en) | 2017-08-28 | 2017-08-28 | Twin shaft interference star sensor device based on two-dimensional grating |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201721084130.3U CN207600470U (en) | 2017-08-28 | 2017-08-28 | Twin shaft interference star sensor device based on two-dimensional grating |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107462240A (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2017-12-12 | 浙江大学 | A kind of twin shaft interference star sensor device based on two-dimensional grating |
| CN112213836A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2021-01-12 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Long-distance alignment method for grating array of satellite-borne double-grating modulation type imaging instrument |
| CN113819998A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2021-12-21 | 中北大学 | Multidimensional angular vibration sensor based on two-dimensional single-layer grating structure |
-
2017
- 2017-08-28 CN CN201721084130.3U patent/CN207600470U/en active Active
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107462240A (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2017-12-12 | 浙江大学 | A kind of twin shaft interference star sensor device based on two-dimensional grating |
| CN107462240B (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2023-08-11 | 浙江大学 | Double-shaft interference star sensor device based on two-dimensional grating |
| CN112213836A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2021-01-12 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Long-distance alignment method for grating array of satellite-borne double-grating modulation type imaging instrument |
| CN112213836B (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2021-08-17 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Long-distance alignment method for grating array of satellite-borne double-grating modulation type imaging instrument |
| CN113819998A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2021-12-21 | 中北大学 | Multidimensional angular vibration sensor based on two-dimensional single-layer grating structure |
| CN113819998B (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2024-01-16 | 中北大学 | Multidimensional angular vibration sensor based on two-dimensional single-layer grating structure |
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