CN207558267U - A kind of gas discharge device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of gas discharge device, belong to electric discharge device field, including electrostatic high-pressure generator, space charge collector and experimental provision, experimental provision is arranged on the top of electrostatic high-pressure generator, and space charge collector is arranged on the periphery of electrostatic high-pressure generator.Electrostatic high-pressure generator includes glass global shell, power supply, high-tension circuit plate, metal electrode, vacuum pump, extraction valve, vacuum meter, vacuum tube and insulation cover.High-tension circuit plate is arranged in glass global shell, metal electrode is arranged on high-tension circuit plate, high-tension circuit plate is connect by conducting wire with the power supply outside glass global shell, vacuum pump is connected by vacuum tube with glass global shell, extraction valve is provided on vacuum tube, the vacuum meter is arranged on vacuum tube, and insulation cover is arranged on the outside of glass global shell.The utility model has safe operation, can be changed Experiment Parameter, solves the problems, such as existing electric discharge device high risk and can not change operating condition.

Description

A kind of gas discharge device

Technical field

The utility model is related to electric discharge device field, more particularly to a kind of gas discharge device.

Background technology

When electric current passes through gas, ionized gas generates various electric discharge phenomena, such as the lightning of nature, artificial gas are put Electric light source (fluorescent lamp, high-pressure sodium lamp, high-pressure sodium lamp, laser).Gas discharge it is various informative, including glow discharge, arc light Electric discharge, spark discharge, corona discharge, high-frequency microwave electric discharge.

The common gas discharge device in laboratory mainly generates high pressure using step-up transformer, excites in discharge glass tube Gas luminescence, such as use induction coil, high-voltage DC power supply, spark generator etc..There are high pressure electric shock wind for these experimental provisions Danger needs during operation to ensure that ground connection is good, is merely able to demonstrate gas discharge merely, can not change operating condition and obtain different Experimental result.

Utility model content

The utility model provides a kind of gas discharge device, has safe operation, can be changed the height of Experiment Parameter School experimental teaching unit solves existing electric discharge device high risk and can not change operating condition and obtain different experimental results Problem.

The utility model solves the above problems by the following technical programs：

A kind of gas discharge device, including electrostatic high-pressure generator, space charge collector and experimental provision, experimental provision The top of electrostatic high-pressure generator is arranged on, space charge collector is arranged on the periphery of electrostatic high-pressure generator, and feature exists Include glass global shell, power supply, high-tension circuit plate, metal electrode, vacuum pump, extraction valve, true in, the electrostatic high-pressure generator Empty table, vacuum tube and insulation cover；

The high-tension circuit plate is arranged in glass global shell, and the metal electrode is arranged on high-tension circuit plate, described High-tension circuit plate is connect by conducting wire with the power supply outside glass global shell, and the vacuum pump is connected by vacuum tube and glass global shell It is logical, extraction valve is provided on the vacuum tube, the vacuum meter is arranged on vacuum tube, and the insulation cover is arranged on glass marble The outside of housing.

The utility model further limits, and space charge collector includes supporting rack, metal spherical shell, metal tube, conducting wire, neon Pipe, capacitor and spark discharger；The metal tube is horizontally installed at the top of supporting rack, and the metal tube both ends are both provided with gold Belong to spherical shell, one end of the conducting wire is connect with metal probe to be arranged on inside metal tube, the other end respectively with capacitor and spark The other end of one end connection of discharger, the capacitor and spark discharger is grounded.

The utility model further limits, and experimental provision includes fluorescent tube, metallic support, slides up and down metal holder, left and right Sliding metal clip and conducting wire, the fluorescent tube are horizontally installed on by sliding up and down metal holder on metallic support, are horizontally slipped Metal holder is arranged on fluorescent tube, is connect by conducting wire with metallic support.

The utility model further limits, and high-tension circuit plate is positive ion emission circuit board or anion emission plate.

The utility model further limits, positive ion emission circuit board include resistance R1, R2, R3, if several capacitances and Dry diode, capacitance are connected in series with each other to form capacitor loop, and power supply one end is connect through resistance R1 with capacitor loop one end, electricity The source other end is connect with the capacitor loop other end, capacitor loop compromise position disconnect access one diode, metal electrode it is defeated Diode one end for entering compromise position of the end through resistance R3 and resistance R2 and capacitor loop connects, and diode is serially connected company It connects to form series diode folding chain, series diode folding chain input terminal and the diode output of capacitor loop compromise position connect It connects, the output terminal of series diode folding chain is connect with resistance R1 with capacitance connection end, series diode folding chain two neighboring two It is connect between the input terminal and output terminal of pole pipe at two capacitance connections in capacitor loop.

The utility model further limits, and high-tension circuit plate is encapsulated using insulated plastic magazine, and metal electrode directly erects modeling Magazine upper end.

The utility model further limits, and the length of metal electrode is 8 centimetres -12 centimetres, glass marble housing tip with absolutely The distance on edge outer cover top is 5 centimetres -10 centimetres.

A kind of Examination on experimental operation of gas discharge device, is first shut off vacuum pump, is in the gas in glass spherical shell Normal pressure (1 standard atmospheric pressure) starts high-tension circuit plate, observes and records metal electrode flashing discharge scenario；It opens true Sky pump, to extracting vacuum in closed glass global shell, fire occurs for the data and corresponding metal electrode for observing and recording vacuum meter Flower discharge scenario.

The advantages of the utility model is with effect：

The utility model electrostatic high-pressure generator have good insulation safety guarantee, prevent high pressure electric shock risk, into It can need condition come regulation experiment during row experimental demonstration according to experiment, the change of experimental condition obtains Different experimental results, most suitable college student experiment.

Description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of the utility model electric discharge device；

Fig. 2 is the utility model high-tension circuit plate schematic diagram.

Figure label：1 glass global shell, 2 power supplys, 3 high-tension circuit plates, 4 metal electrodes, 5 vacuum pumps, 6 extraction valves, 7 are very Empty table, 8 vacuum tubes, 9 insulation covers, 10 supporting racks, 11 metal spherical shells, 12 metal tubes, 13 conducting wires, 14 neon tubes, 15 capacitors, 16 Spark discharger, 17 fluorescent tubes, 18 metallic supports, 19 slide up and down metal holder, 20 horizontally slip metal holder, 21 conducting wires.

Specific embodiment

The utility model is described in further detail with reference to embodiments.

As shown in Figure 1, it is arranged on including electrostatic high-pressure generator, space charge collector and experimental provision, experimental provision The top of electrostatic high-pressure generator, space charge collector are arranged on the periphery of electrostatic high-pressure generator.Electrostatic high-pressure generator It is the core of this equipment for generating high-pressure electrostatic situation, what space charge collector was tested by being collected charge Equipment, space charge collector can be configured multiple as needed.Experimental provision is mainly used for changing in experiment condition Part, it is experimental to need to carry out different changes.

Electrostatic high-pressure generator includes glass global shell 1, power supply 2, high-tension circuit plate 3, metal electrode 4, vacuum pump 5, takes out Air valve 6, vacuum meter 7, vacuum tube 8 and insulation cover 9.High-tension circuit plate 3 is arranged in glass global shell 1.Metal electrode 4 is set On high-tension circuit plate 3.High-tension circuit plate 3 is connect by conducting wire with the power supply 2 outside glass global shell 1.Vacuum pump 5 passes through vacuum Pipe 8 is connected with glass global shell 1.Extraction valve 6 is provided on vacuum tube 8.Vacuum meter 7 is arranged on vacuum tube 8.Insulation cover 9 It is arranged on the outside of glass global shell 1.Glass global shell 1 is closed high strength glass spherical shell.In the high strength glass of sealing In global shell 1, design can generate the circuit board 3 of high pressure, fix a metal electrode 4 on circuit board, the length of electrode 4 is about It 10 centimetres or so, is suitably adjusted according to the size (diameter is about 20 centimetres) of spherical shell, circuit board 3 and external 220 volts of AC powers Connection.The middle section of glass spherical shell is provided with aperture, is connect with vacuum pump 5.Closed spherical shell is taken out by evacuating valve Gas reduces gas pressure intensity and density in spherical shell.Vacuum meter 7 can show the gas pressure intensity in spherical shell, and air extractor passes through true Empty rubber tube connects.Entire electrostatic high-pressure device is wrapped up by the PVC material of insulation transparent, on glass spherical shell and PVC outer covers The distance controlling at end is at 5-10 centimetres.

As shown in Fig. 2, positive ion emission circuit board includes resistance R1, R2, R3, several capacitances and several diodes, Capacitance is connected in series with each other to form capacitor loop, and 2 one end of power supply is connect through resistance R1 with capacitor loop one end, 2 other end of power supply It is connect with the capacitor loop other end.Capacitor loop compromise position disconnects one diode of access, and the input terminal of metal electrode 4 is through electricity Diode one end for hindering the compromise position of R3 and resistance R2 and capacitor loop connects, and diode is connected in series with each other to form string Union II pole pipe rolls over chain.Series diode is rolled over chain input terminal and is connect with the diode output of capacitor loop compromise position.Series connection two The output terminal of pole pipe folding chain is connect with resistance R1 with capacitance connection end, and series diode rolls over the input of the two neighboring diode of chain With being connect at two capacitance connections in capacitor loop between end and output terminal.Alternating voltage peak is increased to 3600 volts.It is real Accordingly increase boosting series in the circuit of border, generate higher output voltage.Metal electrode 4 is used for emitting ion.Entire high-voltage electricity PCB (printed wiring board) is built on road, is encapsulated with insulated plastic magazine, and metal electrode 4 is made to stand upright on the upper end of plastic casing.Respectively A capacitor C1 --- C13 uses series system, they are discharged by exporting, and the voltage of metal electrode 4 is whole capacitors two The sum of the voltage at end.By connecting resistance R1, R2, R3, the size of current in limiting circuit.Capacitor setting range：Using 0.1uf (microfarad) to 0.5uf (microfarad) capacitor, its size determine to generate in circuit amount of ions number.

Specific circuit components：

D1——D10：Using the general silicon materials rectifier diodes of model 1N4007.Using diode unilateral conduction, Direction replaces the convert alternating current of variation into the pulse direct current of single direction.

Electrolytic capacitor：0.3uf,400V.

Resistance R1：100 ohm, 1W.

Resistance R2, R3：10 megaohms (M Ω), 0.125W.

Space charge collector includes supporting rack 10, metal spherical shell 11, metal tube 12, conducting wire 13, neon tube 14, capacitor 15 With spark discharger 17.Metal tube 12 is horizontally installed on 10 top of supporting rack.12 both ends of metal tube are both provided with metal spherical shell 11. One end of conducting wire 13 is connect with metal probe to be arranged on inside metal tube 12, the other end respectively with capacitor 15 and spark discharger One end connection, the other end of the capacitor 15 and spark discharger is grounded.In high pressure spherical shell surrounding space, exist a large amount of The charged particle being ionized.Space charge collector is capable of the charged particle of adsorption space, they are collected into specific capacitance Device.Connect by capacitor with spark discharge coil, generate interrupted electric spark, due to the electric field strength between discharge coil compared with Greatly, under forceful electric power field action air breakdown and point discharge occurs.

Metal probe is served as with the metal tube 12 (copper, aluminium) that length is 30 centimetres, the charge being responsible in capture air, metal Semicircular metal spherical shell 11 is respectively welded at pipe both ends, and the diameter of spherical shell is about 5 centimetres.Charge density and the curvature of conductive surface half Diameter is related, and conductor radius is bigger, and charge density is bigger, and neighbouring electric field strength is also bigger, easily punctures air and forms electric discharge.Add Enter metal spherical shell 11, the cavity conductor of closing is formed with metal tube 12, the mobile charge in air easily concentrates on conductor appearance Face, the electric field strength for avoiding sharp objects is excessive, forms point discharge and loses charge.

In the geometric center position of metal tube 12, by the use of hollow insulating material pipe (such as pvc pipe) as supporting rack, supporting rack It is fixed on the pedestal of insulation.The height of supporting rack is more somewhat larger than metal tube length, as needed and design scale and it is true It is fixed.In the geometric center position of metal tube probe, a metallic screw is welded, fixes the upper end of a high pressure stranded conductor 13 Connector, the lower end of conducting wire 13 are wrapped in the outer surface of supporting rod with electrical adhesive tape, neon tube 14 and capacitor 15 are connected to, in capacitance A spark discharger 16 is designed at device both ends, ensures that capacitor 15 is grounded well.

Experimental provision include fluorescent tube 17, metallic support 18, slide up and down metal holder 19, horizontally slip 20 and of metal holder Conducting wire 21, the fluorescent tube 17 are horizontally installed on by sliding up and down metal holder 19 on metallic support 18, and horizontally slip metal clip Son 20 is arranged on fluorescent tube 17, is connect by conducting wire 21 with metallic support 18.The present apparatus includes metallic support 18, bottom and ground Good contact；Length is 70 centimetres of red fluorescent tube 17 (emitting red light phenomenon is obvious), above and below metallic support Mobile metal holder 19 is sleeved on free-moving metal holder 20 on fluorescent tube 17, connection metal holder 20 and metallic support 18 Conducting wire 21.

A kind of Examination on experimental operation of gas discharge device, is first shut off vacuum pump, is in the gas in glass spherical shell Normal pressure (1 standard atmospheric pressure) starts high-tension circuit plate, observes and records metal electrode flashing discharge scenario.It opens true Sky pump, to extracting vacuum in closed glass global shell, fire occurs for the data and corresponding metal electrode for observing and recording vacuum meter Flower discharge scenario.There is air in closed glass spherical shell, high direct voltage is generated on high-field electrode, voltage across poles reaches several kilovolts, Positive and negative ion in gas generates quick displacement under the action of highfield.Ion and other gas molecule collisions, New ion is generated, amount of ions is caused to sharply increase.In the normal state, the mean free path very little of air molecule, it is per second The collision of tens times will occur with other molecules for one molecule of clock, it is difficult to electron transition occur between colliding twice.Work as gas Body too little pressure, such as less than 0.0001 millimetres of mercury (about 0.0133 Pascal), gas molecule seldom collides, and does not have Aura generates.When gas pressure intensity is 0.01 millimetres of mercury (about 1.33 Pascals), the mean free path of gas molecule is 5 millis Rice, ion obtain enough kinetic energy between colliding twice, and electronics occurs transition and releases aura.Vacuum pump is first shut off, is made Gas in glass spherical shell is in normal pressure (1 standard atmospheric pressure), and start-up circuit observes that 4 flashing of metal electrode discharges. Electric spark length is related with voltage and air humidity, and as an experience digit, about 10,000 volts of voltages cause spark bounce 1 Centimetre；During 20000 volts of voltage, the length of electric spark is 0.5 centimetre.Vacuum pump 5 is opened, vacuum is extracted to closed glass spherical shell, When the gas pressure intensity in glass spherical shell drops to 200 Pascals, there is glow discharge in metal electrode.Glow discharge be high voltage, The continuous discharge state of low current, electric current are about 0.5 milliampere to tens milliamperes, and voltage across poles is 100 volts to hundreds of volts.Aura Electric discharge is launched centered on metal electrode to glass spherical shell, forms the aura of stereoscopic radiation shape, similar point charge excitation Electric field line distribution.By extracting vacuum to glass spherical shell, reduce the gas pressure intensity in spherical shell, metal electrode is turned by spark discharge Change to the glow discharge under low pressure.

The inner surface of common fluorescent lamp (fluorescent lamp) pipe is coated with layer of fluorescent powder, and fluorescent powder is irradiated by ultraviolet light, Visible ray can be launched, be a kind of luminescence generated by light phenomenon of solid.Usually fluorescent lamp inner air tube is extracted out, is filled with a small amount of mercury And inert gas, improve colour rendering index and light efficiency.This experiment can carry out the glow discharge experiment of fluorescent lamp, different by changing Condition, the experimental phenomena that can be changed.

With sliding up and down metal holder 19, fixed fluorescent tube 17, along metallic support 18 between A ends, B ends on move down It is dynamic.Make electrostatic high-pressure generator in running order, the D end in contact high pressure spheres of fluorescent tube 17, fluorescent tube 17 sends out red brightness Light.This is because smash body surface is bright there are high potential, fluorescent tube is connected by sliding up and down metal holder 19 with the earth, and potential is 0, there are larger potential differences inside fluorescent tube, can excite the gas molecule transition in fluorescent tube and send out aura.The D of fluorescent tube 17 High pressure sphere 1 is left at end, and the brightness of fluorescent tube reduces, about 30 centimeters of displacement distance, the luminous red disappearance of fluorescent tube.This explanation The electric field and potential change of high pressure sphere 1, the more remote then potential of distance is smaller, and the potential difference (voltage) inside final fluorescent tube is reduced to Can not excited gas molecule send out aura.

Second, fixation slides up and down metal holder 19 and fluorescent tube 17, close to 5 centimetres or so of high pressure sphere, sends out fluorescent tube Red glow.Metal holder 20 is sleeved on an end position of fluorescent tube 17, metallic support 18 is connected by conducting wire 21.At this point, fluorescent tube Subregion only between C-terminal and D ends sends out red glow, remaining region is shown as non-light emitting state.This is because left and right The C-terminal of sliding metal clip 20 is connected with the earth, potential 0, fluorescent tube section between C-terminal and D ends there are potential difference (voltage), It being capable of excited gas mulecular luminescence.But C-terminal and slide up and down metal holder 19 and be similarly in ground state, the electricity between them It is 0 to press, can not the movement of excited gas molecular orientation, therefore aura will not be sent out.

Fluorescent tube 17 in experiment is not connected to complete closed circuit, this is gas glow discharge phenomenon, it Luminous intensity is less than the luminous situation being connected in circuit.For the fluorescent tube scrapped, as long as its glass shell does not have Rupture, also there is similar experimental phenomena.Although since the filament breaking or emission of cathode material consumption of scrapping lamp tube ends are complete Finish, it is difficult to normal heating heat of emission electric start, but also have a small amount of gas molecule and mercury atom inside fluorescent tube, make in highfield It is ionized with lower, can equally send out aura.

Metallic support 18 is replaced with human body, one end of fluorescent tube 17 is held with hand, due to human body and the good contact of the earth, Equally there is similar fluorescent lamp luminescence phenomenon.It is appropriate for the experiment of human body electrification, minimum by the electric current of human body, does not have Any adverse reaction has greatly interesting and irritation.

The present apparatus can be as the electromagnetism Specialty Experiment equipment of school and college, for illustrating the multiple types of gas discharge Type, including different shapes such as glow discharge, point discharge, corona, electric sparks.They can be used as all kinds of scientific and technological venues to disclose exhibition The experiment equipment shown has safety coefficient high, and phenomenon is vividly intuitive, of low cost and easy to maintain, the spies such as easy to carry movement Point.Charge experiment especially with the human body that fluorescent lamp carries out, there is no a high pressure Danger Electric shock risk, only minimum electric current by human body, Suitable public audience is experienced and is operated in person.

The preferred embodiment created to the utility model above is illustrated, but the utility model is not limited to Embodiment, those skilled in the art can also make various etc. under the premise of without prejudice to the utility model creative spirit Same modification or replacement, these equivalent modifications or replacement are all contained in scope of the present application.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of gas discharge device is set including electrostatic high-pressure generator, space charge collector and experimental provision, experimental provision It puts in the top of electrostatic high-pressure generator, space charge collector is arranged on the periphery of electrostatic high-pressure generator, which is characterized in that The electrostatic high-pressure generator includes glass global shell (1), power supply (2), high-tension circuit plate (3), metal electrode (4), vacuum pump (5), extraction valve (6), vacuum meter (7), vacuum tube (8) and insulation cover (9)；

The high-tension circuit plate (3) is arranged in glass global shell (1), and the metal electrode (4) is arranged on high-tension circuit plate (3) On, the high-tension circuit plate (3) is connect by conducting wire with the power supply (2) of glass global shell (1) outside, and the vacuum pump (5) passes through Vacuum tube (8) is connected with glass global shell (1), and extraction valve (6), vacuum meter (7) setting are provided on the vacuum tube (8) On vacuum tube (8), the insulation cover (9) is arranged on the outside of glass global shell (1).

2. a kind of gas discharge device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The space charge collector includes branch Support (10), metal spherical shell (11), metal tube (12), conducting wire (13), neon tube (14), capacitor (15) and spark discharger (16)；The metal tube (12) is horizontally installed at the top of supporting rack (10), and metal tube (12) both ends are both provided with metal ball Shell (11), one end of the conducting wire (13) connect that be arranged on metal tube (12) internal with metal probe, the other end respectively with capacitance Device (15) is connected with one end of spark discharger, and the other end of the capacitor (15) and spark discharger is grounded.

3. a kind of gas discharge device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The experimental provision includes fluorescent tube (17), metallic support (18), slide up and down metal holder (19), the metal holder that horizontally slips (20) and conducting wire (13), the lamp Pipe (17) is horizontally installed on by sliding up and down metal holder (19) on metallic support (18), and the metal holder that horizontally slips (20) is set It puts on fluorescent tube (17), is connect by conducting wire (13) with metallic support (18).

4. a kind of gas discharge device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The high-tension circuit plate (3) for just from Sub- radiating circuit plate or anion emission plate.

5. a kind of gas discharge device according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The positive ion emission circuit board includes Resistance R1, R2, R3, several capacitances and several diodes, capacitance are connected in series with each other to form capacitor loop, power supply (2) one End is connect through resistance R1 with capacitor loop one end, and power supply (2) other end is connect with the capacitor loop other end, capacitor loop compromise position Put disconnection one diode of access, compromise position of the input terminal through resistance R3 and resistance R2 and capacitor loop of metal electrode (4) A diode one end connection, diode be connected in series with each other to be formed series diode folding chain, series diode folding chain input End connect with the diode output of capacitor loop compromise position, series diode roll over chain output terminal and resistance R1's and capacitance Connecting pin connect, series diode folding the two neighboring diode of chain input terminal and output terminal between with two electricity in capacitor loop Hold junction connection.

6. a kind of gas discharge device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The high-tension circuit plate (3) uses exhausted Edge plastic casing is encapsulated, and metal electrode (4) directly erects plastic casing upper end.

7. a kind of gas discharge device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The length of the metal electrode (4) is 8 Centimetres -12 centimetres, the distance on glass global shell (1) top and insulation cover (9) top is 5 centimetres -10 centimetres.