CN107300660A - A kind of multifunctional gas electric discharge device and Examination on experimental operation - Google Patents
A kind of multifunctional gas electric discharge device and Examination on experimental operation Download PDFInfo
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- CN107300660A CN107300660A CN201710669929.7A CN201710669929A CN107300660A CN 107300660 A CN107300660 A CN 107300660A CN 201710669929 A CN201710669929 A CN 201710669929A CN 107300660 A CN107300660 A CN 107300660A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/001—Measuring interference from external sources to, or emission from, the device under test, e.g. EMC, EMI, EMP or ESD testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
- G01R31/1263—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation
- G01R31/1281—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation of liquids or gases
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/06—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
- G09B23/18—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for electricity or magnetism
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of multifunctional gas electric discharge device and Examination on experimental operation, belong to electric discharge device field, including electrostatic high-pressure generator, space charge collector and experimental provision, experimental provision is arranged on the top of electrostatic high-pressure generator, and space charge collector is arranged on the periphery of electrostatic high-pressure generator.Electrostatic high-pressure generator includes glass global shell, power supply, high-tension circuit plate, metal electrode, vavuum pump, extraction valve, vacuum meter, vacuum tube and insulation cover.High-tension circuit plate is arranged in glass global shell, metal electrode is arranged on high-tension circuit plate, high-tension circuit plate is connected by wire with the power supply outside glass global shell, vavuum pump is connected by vacuum tube with glass global shell, extraction valve is provided with vacuum tube, the vacuum meter is arranged on vacuum tube, and insulation cover is arranged on the outside of glass global shell.The present invention has safe operation, can be changed Experiment Parameter, the problem of solving existing electric discharge device excessive risk and can not change operating condition.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electric discharge device field, more particularly to a kind of multifunctional gas electric discharge device and experimental implementation side
Method.
Background technology
When electric current is by gas, ionized gas produces various electric discharge phenomena, and lightning, the artificial gas of such as nature are put
Electric light source (fluorescent lamp, high-pressure mercury lamp, high-pressure sodium lamp, laser).Various informative, including glow discharge, the arc light of gas discharge
Electric discharge, spark discharge, corona discharge, high-frequency microwave electric discharge.
The common gas discharge device in laboratory mainly produces high pressure using step-up transformer, excites in discharge glass tube
Gas luminescence, such as using induction coil, high-voltage DC power supply, spark generator.There is high pressure electric shock wind in these experimental provisions
Danger, needs to ensure that ground connection is good during operation, is merely able to demonstrate gas discharge merely, it is impossible to change operating condition and obtain different
Experimental result.And existing electric discharge device feature is single, single experiment can only be carried out, and other experiments can not be carried out, from
And make it that the practicality of equipment is very low.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of multifunctional gas electric discharge device and Examination on experimental operation, with safe operation, can carry out
Change the college experiment teaching device and operating method of Experiment Parameter, and an equipment can carry out the purposes of multiple experiments,
Solve existing electric discharge device excessive risk and operating condition can not be changed and obtain different experimental result and device functionality is single
The problem of.
The present invention solves the above problems by the following technical programs：
A kind of multifunctional gas electric discharge device, including electrostatic high-pressure generator, space charge collector and experimental provision, institute
Stating electrostatic high-pressure generator is used to produce high-pressure electrostatic, and the periphery that space charge collector is arranged on electrostatic high-pressure generator is used for
The electric charge that electrostatic high-pressure generator is produced is collected, experimental provision changes for experiment condition, wherein, the electrostatic high-pressure generator
It is outer including glass global shell, power supply, high-tension circuit plate, metal electrode, vavuum pump, extraction valve, vacuum meter, vacuum tube and insulation
Cover；
The high-tension circuit plate, which is arranged in glass global shell, to be used to produce high pressure, and the metal electrode is arranged on high-tension electricity
Make air conductive for discharging high-tension electricity ion on the plate of road, the high-tension circuit plate passes through the power supply outside wire and glass global shell
Connection, power supply provides 220V alternating currents for high-tension circuit plate, and the vavuum pump is connected by vacuum tube with glass global shell to be used for
Evacuate and be provided with extraction valve on the air in glass global shell, the vacuum tube, pass in and out and control for the air to vacuum tube, it is described
Vacuum meter is arranged on vacuum tube, and for detecting the pressure in glass global shell, the insulation cover is arranged on glass global shell
Outside, for prevent from doing in experimentation get an electric shock.
It is of the invention further to limit, space charge collector include support frame, metal spherical shell, metal tube, wire, neon tube,
Capacitor and SD；The metal tube is horizontally installed at the top of support frame, and metal tube two ends are provided with metal spherical shell,
For absorbing electric charge around electrostatic high-pressure generator air, one end of the wire is connected with metal probe to be arranged in metal tube
Portion, metal probe is used to the adsorption charge on metal spherical shell carry out water conservancy diversion to wire, and the other end is connected with neon tube one end, neon tube
The one end of the other end respectively with capacitor and SD is connected, and the other end of the capacitor and SD connects
Ground.
Of the invention further to limit, experimental provision includes fluorescent tube, metallic support, slides up and down metal holder, horizontally slips
Metal holder and wire, the fluorescent tube are horizontally installed on metallic support by sliding up and down metal holder, and horizontally slip metal
Clip is arranged on fluorescent tube, is connected by wire with metallic support.
Of the invention further to limit, high-tension circuit plate is positive ion emission circuit board or anion emission plate.
Of the invention further to limit, positive ion emission circuit board includes resistance R1, R2, R3, several electric capacity and several
Diode, electric capacity is connected in series with each other to form capacitor loop, and power supply one end is connected through resistance R1 with capacitor loop one end, and power supply is another
One end is connected with the capacitor loop other end, and capacitor loop compromise position disconnects one diode of access, the input of metal electrode
Diode one end for compromise position through resistance R3 and resistance R2 and capacitor loop is connected, and diode is connected in series with each other shape
Chain is rolled over into series diode, series diode is rolled over chain input and is connected with the diode output of capacitor loop compromise position, gone here and there
The output end of di- pole pipe folding chain is connected with resistance R1 with capacitance connection end, the series diode folding two neighboring diode of chain
It is connected between input and output end with two capacitance connections in capacitor loop.
Of the invention further to limit, high-tension circuit plate is encapsulated using insulated plastic magazine, and metal electrode directly erects plastic casing
Upper end.
Of the invention further to limit, the length of metal electrode is 8 centimetres -12 centimetres, and glass marble housing tip is outer with insulation
The distance for covering top is 5 centimetres -10 centimetres.
A kind of Examination on experimental operation of multifunctional gas electric discharge device, is first shut off vavuum pump, makes the gas in glass spherical shell
Body is in normal pressure (1 standard atmospheric pressure), starts high-tension circuit plate, observes and record metal electrode flashing discharge scenario；
Vavuum pump is opened, to extracting vacuum in closed glass global shell, is observed and the data of recording vacuum gauge and corresponding metal electrode
Flashing discharge scenario.
The present invention is further to Examination on experimental operation to be limited, and electrostatic high-pressure generator is in running order first, above and below
Sliding metal clip fixes fluorescent tube, is moved up and down along metallic support in A ends, B between end, and fluorescent tube is glided by upper
Dynamic metal holder is grounded through metallic support, the insulation cover of the D end in contact electrostatic high-pressure generators of fluorescent tube, records daylight
The luminous situation of fluorescent tube；The fluorescent tube slowly insulation cover away from electrostatic high-pressure generator, record fluorescent tube it is luminous
The distance of the insulation cover of situation and fluorescent tube and electrostatic high-pressure generator；Fixation is slided up and down metal holder and fluorescent lamp
Pipe, close to the centimeters of insulation cover 5 of electrostatic high-pressure generator, record fluorescent tube is given out light situation, the metal clip sub-set that horizontally slips
In an end position of fluorescent tube, metallic support is connected by wire and is grounded, record luminous between the D ends of fluorescent tube and C-terminal
Situation and the luminous situation of fluorescent tube C-terminal back.
Advantages of the present invention is with effect：
Electrostatic high-pressure generator of the present invention has good insulation safety guarantee, prevents high pressure electric shock risk, is carrying out in fact
The condition come regulation experiment can be needed according to experiment during testing demonstration, the change of experimental condition obtains difference
Experimental result, the experiment of most suitable college student.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of electric discharge device of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is high-tension circuit plate schematic diagram of the present invention.
Label in figure：It is 1 glass global shell, 2 power supplys, 3 high-tension circuit plates, 4 metal electrodes, 5 vavuum pumps, 6 extraction valves, 7 true
Empty table, 8 vacuum tubes, 9 insulation covers, 10 support frames, 11 metal spherical shells, 12 metal tubes, 13 wires, 14 neon tubes, 15 capacitors, 16
SD, 17 fluorescent tubes, 18 metallic supports, 19 slide up and down metal holder, 20 horizontally slipped metal holder, 21 wires.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described with reference to embodiments.
As shown in figure 1, including electrostatic high-pressure generator, space charge collector and experimental provision, experimental provision is arranged on
The top of electrostatic high-pressure generator, space charge collector is arranged on the periphery of electrostatic high-pressure generator.Electrostatic high-pressure generator
It is the core of this equipment for producing high-pressure electrostatic situation, what space charge collector was tested by being collected electric charge
Equipment, space charge collector can be configured multiple as needed.Experimental provision is mainly used for changing in experiment condition
Part, it is experimental to need to carry out different changes.
Electrostatic high-pressure generator includes glass global shell 1, power supply 2, high-tension circuit plate 3, metal electrode 4, vavuum pump 5, taken out
Air valve 6, vacuum meter 7, vacuum tube 8 and insulation cover 9.High-tension circuit plate 3 is arranged in glass global shell 1.Metal electrode 4 is set
On high-tension circuit plate 3.High-tension circuit plate 3 is connected by wire with the power supply 2 outside glass global shell 1.Vavuum pump 5 passes through vacuum
Pipe 8 is connected with glass global shell 1.Extraction valve 6 is provided with vacuum tube 8.Vacuum meter 7 is arranged on vacuum tube 8.Insulation cover 9
It is arranged on the outside of glass global shell 1.Glass global shell 1 is closed high strength glass spherical shell.In sealed high strength glass
In global shell 1, it is designed to produce to fix a metal electrode 4 on the circuit board 3 of high pressure, circuit board, the length of electrode 4 is about
10 cms, are suitably adjusted, circuit board 3 and external 220 volts of AC powers according to the size (diameter is about 20 centimetres) of spherical shell
Connection.The center section of glass spherical shell is provided with aperture, is connected with vavuum pump 5.Closed spherical shell is taken out by evacuating valve
Gas, reduces the gas pressure intensity and density in spherical shell.Vacuum meter 7 can show the gas pressure intensity in spherical shell, and air extractor passes through true
Empty rubber tube is connected.Whole electrostatic high-pressure device is wrapped up by the PVC material of insulation transparent, on glass spherical shell and PVC outer covers
The distance controlling at end is at 5-10 centimetres.
As shown in Fig. 2 positive ion emission circuit board includes resistance R1, R2, R3, several electric capacity and several diodes,
Electric capacity is connected in series with each other to form capacitor loop, and the one end of power supply 2 is connected through resistance R1 with capacitor loop one end, the other end of power supply 2
It is connected with the capacitor loop other end.Capacitor loop compromise position disconnects one diode of access, and the input of metal electrode 4 is through electricity
Diode one end for hindering the compromise position of R3 and resistance R2 and capacitor loop is connected, and diode is connected in series with each other to form string
Di- pole pipe rolls over chain.Series diode is rolled over chain input and is connected with the diode output of capacitor loop compromise position.Series connection two
The output end of pole pipe folding chain is connected with resistance R1 with capacitance connection end, and series diode rolls over the input of the two neighboring diode of chain
With being connected at two capacitance connections in capacitor loop between end and output end.Alternating voltage peak is brought up to 3600 volts.It is real
Corresponding increase boosting series, produces higher output voltage in the circuit of border.Metal electrode 4 is used for launching ion.Whole high-tension electricity
PCB (printed substrate) is built on road, is encapsulated with insulated plastic magazine, metal electrode 4 is stood upright on the upper end of plastic casing.Respectively
Individual capacitor C1 --- C13 uses series system, and they are discharged by exporting, and the voltage of metal electrode 4 is whole capacitors two
The voltage sum at end.By connecting the size of current in resistance R1, R2, R3, limiting circuit.Capacitor setting range：Using
0.1uf (microfarad) arrives 0.5uf (microfarad) capacitor, produce in its size decision-making circuit amount of ions number.
Specific circuit components：
D1——D10：Using the general silicon materials commutation diodes of model 1N4007.Using diode unilateral conduction,
Pulse direct current of the convert alternating current that direction alternately changes into single direction.
Electrolytic capacitor：0.3uf,400V.
Resistance R1：100 ohm, 1W.
Resistance R2, R3：10 megaohms (M Ω), 0.125W.
Space charge collector includes support frame 10, metal spherical shell 11, metal tube 12, wire 13, neon tube 14, capacitor 15
With SD 17.Metal tube 12 is horizontally installed on the top of support frame 10.The two ends of metal tube 12 are provided with metal spherical shell 11.
One end of wire 13 is connected with metal probe to be arranged on inside metal tube 12, the other end respectively with capacitor 15 and SD
One end connection, the other end of the capacitor 15 and SD is grounded.In high pressure spherical shell surrounding space, exist a large amount of
The charged particle being ionized.Space charge collector is capable of the charged particle of adsorption space, and they are collected into specific electric capacity
Device.Be connected by capacitor with spark discharge coil, produce interrupted electric spark, due to the electric-field intensity between discharge coil compared with
Greatly, under forceful electric power field action air breakdown and occur point discharge.
Metal probe is served as 30 centimetres of metal tube 12 (copper, aluminium) with length, is responsible for the electric charge in capture air, metal
Semicircular metal spherical shell 11 is respectively welded at pipe two ends, and the diameter of spherical shell is about 5 centimetres.Charge density and the curvature of conductive surface half
Footpath is relevant, and conductor radius is bigger, and charge density is bigger, and neighbouring electric-field intensity is also bigger, easily punctures air formation electric discharge.Plus
Enter metal spherical shell 11, the mobile charge formed with metal tube 12 in the cavity conductor of closing, air easily concentrates on conductor appearance
Face, it is to avoid the electric-field intensity of sharp objects is excessive, forms point discharge and loses electric charge.
In the geometric center position of metal tube 12, support frame, support frame are used as with hollow insulating material pipe (such as pvc pipe)
It is fixed on the base of insulation.The height of support frame is more somewhat larger than metal tube length, as needed and design scale and it is true
It is fixed.The geometric center position popped one's head in metal tube, welds a metallic screw, fixes the upper end of a high pressure stranded conductor 13
Joint, the lower end of wire 13 is wrapped in the outer surface of support bar with electrical adhesive tape, neon tube 14 and capacitor 15 is connected to, in electric capacity
Design a SD 16 in device two ends, it is ensured that capacitor 15 is grounded well.
Experimental provision include fluorescent tube 17, metallic support 18, slide up and down metal holder 19, horizontally slip the and of metal holder 20
Wire 21, the fluorescent tube 17 is horizontally installed on metallic support 18 by sliding up and down metal holder 19, and horizontally slip metal clip
Son 20 is arranged on fluorescent tube 17, is connected by wire 21 with metallic support 18.The present apparatus includes metallic support 18, bottom and ground
Good contact；Length is 70 centimetres of red fluorescent tube 17 (emitting red light phenomenon is obvious), along above and below metallic support
Mobile metal holder 19, is enclosed on the metal holder 20 moved freely on fluorescent tube 17, connection metal holder 20 and metallic support 18
Wire 21.
A kind of Examination on experimental operation of multifunctional gas electric discharge device, is first shut off vavuum pump, makes the gas in glass spherical shell
Body is in normal pressure (1 standard atmospheric pressure), starts high-tension circuit plate, observes and record metal electrode flashing discharge scenario.
Vavuum pump is opened, to extracting vacuum in closed glass global shell, is observed and the data of recording vacuum gauge and corresponding metal electrode
Flashing discharge scenario.Have in closed glass spherical shell and high direct voltage is produced on air, high-field electrode, voltage across poles reaches thousands of
Positive and negative ion in volt, gas produces quick displacement in the presence of highfield.Ion and other gas molecules
Collision, produces new ion, causes amount of ions to sharply increase.In the normal state, the mean free path very little of air molecule,
Each second, the collision of tens times will occur with other molecules for one molecule, it is difficult to occur electron transition between colliding twice.
When gas pressure intensity is too small, such as less than 0.0001 millimetres of mercury (about 0.0133 Pascal), gas molecule seldom collides,
There is no aura generation.When gas pressure intensity is 0.01 millimetres of mercury (about 1.33 Pascals), the mean free path of gas molecule is 5
Millimeter, ion obtains enough kinetic energy between colliding twice, and electronics occurs transition and releases aura.It is first shut off vavuum pump,
The gas in glass spherical shell is set to be in normal pressure (1 standard atmospheric pressure), start-up circuit, it was observed that the flashing of metal electrode 4 is put
Electricity.Electric spark length is relevant with voltage and air humidity, as an experience digit, and about 10,000 volts of voltages trigger spark to jump
It is dynamic 1 centimetre；During 20000 volts of voltage, the length of electric spark is 0.5 centimetre.Vavuum pump 5 is opened, closed glass spherical shell is extracted true
Sky, when the gas pressure intensity in glass spherical shell drops to 200 Pascals, there is glow discharge in metal electrode.Glow discharge is high electricity
Pressure, the continuous discharge state of low current, electric current is about 0.5 milliampere to tens milliamperes, and voltage across poles is 100 volts to hundreds of volts.
Glow discharge is launched centered on metal electrode to glass spherical shell, forms the aura of stereoscopic radiation shape, and similar electric charge swashs
Electricity field wire is distributed.By extracting vacuum to glass spherical shell, reduce the gas pressure intensity in spherical shell, metal electrode is put by spark
Electricity, is converted to the glow discharge under low pressure.
The inner surface of common fluorescent lamp (fluorescent lamp) pipe scribbles layer of fluorescent powder, and fluorescent material is irradiated by ultraviolet light,
Visible ray can be launched, be a kind of luminescence generated by light phenomenon of solid.Generally fluorescent lamp inner air tube is extracted out, a small amount of mercury is filled with
And inert gas, improve colour rendering index and light efficiency.This experiment can carry out the glow discharge experiment of fluorescent lamp, different by changing
Condition, the experimental phenomena that can be changed.
With sliding up and down metal holder 19, fixed fluorescent tube 17, along metallic support 18 between A ends, B ends on move down
It is dynamic.Make electrostatic high-pressure generator in running order, the D end in contact high pressure spheroids of fluorescent tube 17, fluorescent tube 17 sends the brightness of red
Light.This, which is due to that smash body surface is bright, has high potential, and fluorescent tube is connected by sliding up and down metal holder 19 with the earth, and potential is
0, there is larger electrical potential difference inside fluorescent tube, the gas molecule transition in fluorescent tube can be excited and aura is sent.The D of fluorescent tube 17
High pressure spheroid 1 is left at end, and the brightness of fluorescent tube reduces, the centimeters of displacement about 30, the luminous red disappearance of fluorescent tube.This explanation
The electric field and potential change of high pressure spheroid 1, the more remote then potential of distance are smaller, and the electrical potential difference (voltage) inside final fluorescent tube is reduced to
Can not excited gas molecule send aura.
Second, fixation slides up and down metal holder 19 and fluorescent tube 17, close to the cm of high pressure spheroid 5, sends fluorescent tube
Red glow.Metal holder 20 is enclosed on an end position of fluorescent tube 17, metallic support 18 is connected by wire 21.Now, fluorescent tube
Subregion only between C-terminal and D ends sends red glow, and remaining region is shown as non-light emitting state.This is due to left and right
The C-terminal of sliding metal clip 20 is connected with the earth, and potential is 0, and the fluorescent tube interval between C-terminal and D ends has electrical potential difference (voltage),
Being capable of excited gas mulecular luminescence.But C-terminal and slide up and down metal holder 19 and be similarly in ground state, the electricity between them
Press as 0, it is impossible to which excited gas molecular orientation is moved, therefore will not send aura.
Fluorescent tube 17 in experiment is not connected to complete closed-loop path, and this is gas glow discharge phenomenon, it
Luminous intensity is less than the luminous situation being connected in circuit.For the fluorescent tube scrapped, as long as its glass shell does not have
Rupture, also there is similar experimental phenomena.Although the filament breaking due to scrapping lamp tube ends, or emission of cathode material consumption are complete
Finish, it is difficult to normal heating heat of emission electric start, but also have a small amount of gas molecule and mercury atom inside fluorescent tube, make in highfield
Ionized with lower, can equally send aura.
Metallic support 18 is replaced with human body, one end of fluorescent tube 17 is held with hand, due to human body and the good contact of the earth,
Equally there is similar fluorescent lamp luminescence phenomenon.It is appropriate for the powered experiment of human body, minimum by the electric current of human body, does not have
Any adverse reaction, with great interesting and excitant.
The present invention can also be used as electrostatic field screening experiment：
Common electrostatic screen experiment connects high-voltage electrostatic power, when metal cage outer surface using metal cage (faraday cup)
The silk thread of stickup opens, and shows that silk thread is powered rear mutually exclusive and scatters；Silk thread inside cage does not open, and shows internal electric field
Intensity is zero.The experiment must assure that high voltage power supply good earth, to prevent occurring Danger Electric shock risk.Opened by silk thread and angle
Size, illustrates presence and its situation of change of electric field, and phenomenon is not lively directly perceived enough, and contrast degree is not obvious, easily by the external world
The interference of environment, the influence of factor such as there was dampness in the air, air flow.
This experiment shows electric field shielding with the variations in light of fluorescent lamp, and substantially, contrast is strong, experiment success rate for effect
Height, change free from the influence of the external environment can be operated repeatedly repeatedly, can contrast the property of dielectric, conductor in electrostatic field
Matter feature.
First, on the PVC outer covers 9 of high pressure spherical shell, one piece of insulating materials (plastic plate, cardboard, plank etc.) is placed, by day
The D end in contact insulating materials of light lamp tube 17, the luminosity of fluorescent tube does not have significant change, shows front and rear electric field change twice
It is small.Plastic plate, cardboard etc. are insulating materials (dielectrics), and dielectric is in electrostatic field, it may appear that the polarization phenomena of electric charge,
Equally there is distribution of charges in dielectric surface, surrounding space has electric field and Potential Distributing.
Second, on the PVC outer covers 9 of high pressure spherical shell, the metals such as copper coin (or aluminium sheet, iron plate) are placed, it is obvious poor to occur
Different phenomenon.When copper coin is not contacted with ground, fluorescent lamp contacts copper coin or leaves copper coin, lights all than contact insulating materials more
It is bright, show that metallic plate has converging action to electric field so that electric field and the potential increase in the region.But, when copper coin connection is led
When line is grounded, copper coin without and glass spherical shell contact, by space electric field be distributed formed by electrical potential difference, the electricity on copper coin and ground
Gesture is all zero, and no matter whether fluorescent tube contacts copper coin, does not all light, and display copper coin has good shielding electric field action.
The present apparatus can as school and college electromagnetism Specialty Experiment equipment, for illustrating the multiple types of gas discharge
Type, including the different shape such as glow discharge, point discharge, corona, electric spark.They can disclose exhibition as all kinds of scientific and technological venues
The experiment equipment shown, high with safety coefficient, phenomenon is vividly directly perceived, with low cost and easy to maintenance, is easily carried the spy such as mobile
Point.The powered experiment of human body carried out especially with fluorescent lamp, does not have high pressure Danger Electric shock risk, only minimum electric current by human body,
Suitable public audience is experienced and operated in person.
The preferred embodiment to the invention is illustrated above, but the present invention is not limited to embodiment,
Those skilled in the art can also be made on the premise of without prejudice to the invention spirit a variety of equivalent modification or
Replace, these equivalent modifications or replacement are all contained in scope of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of multifunctional gas electric discharge device, including electrostatic high-pressure generator, space charge collector and experimental provision, described
Electrostatic high-pressure generator is used to produce high-pressure electrostatic, and the periphery that space charge collector is arranged on electrostatic high-pressure generator is used to receive
Collect the electric charge that electrostatic high-pressure generator is produced, experimental provision changes for experiment condition, it is characterised in that the electrostatic high-pressure hair
Raw device include glass global shell (1), power supply (2), high-tension circuit plate (3), metal electrode (4), vavuum pump (5), extraction valve (6),
Vacuum meter (7), vacuum tube (8) and insulation cover (9)；
The high-tension circuit plate (3), which is arranged in glass global shell (1), to be used to produce high pressure, and the metal electrode (4) is arranged on
Make air conductive for discharging high-tension electricity ion on high-tension circuit plate (3), the high-tension circuit plate (3) passes through wire and glass marble
Power supply (2) connection of housing (1) outside, power supply (2) is that high-tension circuit plate (3) provides 220V alternating currents, and the vavuum pump (5) passes through
Vacuum tube (8) is connected with glass global shell (1) to be provided with for evacuating on the air in glass global shell (1), the vacuum tube (8)
Extraction valve (6), passes in and out for the air to vacuum tube (8) and controls, the vacuum meter (7) is arranged on vacuum tube (8), for examining
The pressure surveyed in glass global shell (1), the insulation cover (9) is arranged on the outside of glass global shell (1), for preventing from doing reality
Got an electric shock during testing.
2. a kind of multifunctional gas electric discharge device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The space charge collector
Including support frame (10), metal spherical shell (11), metal tube (12), wire (13), neon tube (14), capacitor (15) and spark discharge
Device (17)；The metal tube (12) is horizontally installed at the top of support frame (10), and metal tube (12) two ends are provided with metal spherical shell
(11), for absorbing electric charge around electrostatic high-pressure generator air, one end of the wire (13) is connected setting with metal probe
Internal in metal tube (12), metal probe is used for the adsorption charge progress water conservancy diversion on metal spherical shell (11) to wire (13), separately
One end is connected with neon tube (14) one end, and neon tube (14) other end connects with one end of capacitor (15) and SD (17) respectively
Connect, the other end of the capacitor (15) and SD is grounded.
3. a kind of multifunctional gas electric discharge device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The experimental provision includes lamp
Pipe (17), metallic support (18), metal holder (19), the metal holder that horizontally slips (20) and wire (21) are slided up and down, it is described
Fluorescent tube (17) is horizontally installed on metallic support (18) by sliding up and down metal holder (19), the metal holder that horizontally slips (20)
It is arranged on fluorescent tube (17), is connected by wire (21) with metallic support (18).
4. a kind of multifunctional gas electric discharge device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The high-tension circuit plate (3)
For positive ion emission circuit board or anion emission plate.
5. a kind of multifunctional gas electric discharge device according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The positive ion emission circuit
Plate includes resistance R1, R2, R3, several electric capacity and several diodes, and electric capacity is connected in series with each other to form capacitor loop, power supply
(2) one end is connected through resistance R1 with capacitor loop one end, and power supply (2) other end is connected with the capacitor loop other end, capacitor loop
Position disconnection of compromising accesses a diode, folding of the input through resistance R3 and resistance R2 and capacitor loop of metal electrode (4)
Diode one end connection of middle position, diode is connected in series with each other to form series diode folding chain, series diode folding
Chain input is connected with the diode output of capacitor loop compromise position, and the output end of series diode folding chain is with resistance R1's
Be connected with capacitance connection end, series diode folding the two neighboring diode of chain input and output end between with capacitor loop
Connected at two capacitance connections.
6. a kind of multifunctional gas electric discharge device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The high-tension circuit plate (3)
It is encapsulated using insulated plastic magazine, metal electrode (4) directly erects plastic casing upper end.
7. a kind of multifunctional gas electric discharge device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The metal electrode (4)
Length is 8 centimetres -12 centimetres, and the distance on glass global shell (1) top and insulation cover (9) top is 5 centimetres -10 centimetres.
8. a kind of Examination on experimental operation of multifunctional gas electric discharge device, it is characterised in that：Vavuum pump is first shut off, makes glass marble
Gas in shell is in normal pressure (1 standard atmospheric pressure), starts high-tension circuit plate, observes and record metal electrode flashing and put
Electric situation；Vavuum pump is opened, to extracting vacuum in closed glass global shell, is observed and the data of recording vacuum gauge and corresponding gold
Belong to electrode flashing discharge scenario.
9. a kind of Examination on experimental operation of multifunctional gas electric discharge device according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：First
Electrostatic high-pressure generator is in running order, and fluorescent tube is fixed with metal holder is slided up and down, along metallic support in A ends, B
Moved up and down between end, fluorescent tube is grounded by sliding up and down metal holder through metallic support, the D end in contact of fluorescent tube
The insulation cover of electrostatic high-pressure generator, records the luminous situation of fluorescent tube；Fluorescent tube is slowly sent out away from electrostatic high-pressure
The insulation cover of raw device, record the luminous situation of fluorescent tube and the insulation cover of fluorescent tube and electrostatic high-pressure generator away from
From；Fixation is slided up and down metal holder and fluorescent tube, close to the centimeters of insulation cover 5 of electrostatic high-pressure generator, record
Fluorescent tube is given out light situation, the metal holder that horizontally slips is enclosed on an end position of fluorescent tube, and connecting metallic support by wire connects
Ground, records the luminous situation between the D ends of fluorescent tube and C-terminal and the luminous situation of fluorescent tube C-terminal back.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710669929.7A CN107300660A (en) | 2017-08-08 | 2017-08-08 | A kind of multifunctional gas electric discharge device and Examination on experimental operation |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710669929.7A CN107300660A (en) | 2017-08-08 | 2017-08-08 | A kind of multifunctional gas electric discharge device and Examination on experimental operation |
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Family
ID=60134320
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201710669929.7A Withdrawn CN107300660A (en) | 2017-08-08 | 2017-08-08 | A kind of multifunctional gas electric discharge device and Examination on experimental operation |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110058134A (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-07-26 | 上海市共进通信技术有限公司 | The device and method of the positioning rectification horizontal and vertical coupling plate of electrostatic experiment |
| CN110988518A (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2020-04-10 | 国网河北省电力有限公司 | Portable automatic discharging rod |
| CN114441911A (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2022-05-06 | 上海格鲁布科技有限公司 | High-voltage cable partial discharge online detection device capable of preventing charge accumulation |
-
2017
- 2017-08-08 CN CN201710669929.7A patent/CN107300660A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110058134A (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-07-26 | 上海市共进通信技术有限公司 | The device and method of the positioning rectification horizontal and vertical coupling plate of electrostatic experiment |
| CN110988518A (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2020-04-10 | 国网河北省电力有限公司 | Portable automatic discharging rod |
| CN110988518B (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2021-09-24 | 国网河北省电力有限公司 | Portable automatic discharging rod |
| CN114441911A (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2022-05-06 | 上海格鲁布科技有限公司 | High-voltage cable partial discharge online detection device capable of preventing charge accumulation |
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Effective date of registration: 20180530 Address after: 530000 No. 3 Binhe Road, XiXiangTang District, Nanning, the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, No. 4503, B block, Shang Li bay, China. Applicant after: Guangxi Wan Chuang Data Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 530003 Guangxi University For Nationalities, 188 East University Road, XiXiangTang District, Nanning, the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Applicant before: Wu Shigui |
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Application publication date: 20171027 |