CN207502751U - A kind of forest precipitation station - Google Patents
A kind of forest precipitation station Download PDFInfo
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- CN207502751U CN207502751U CN201721512652.9U CN201721512652U CN207502751U CN 207502751 U CN207502751 U CN 207502751U CN 201721512652 U CN201721512652 U CN 201721512652U CN 207502751 U CN207502751 U CN 207502751U
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Abstract
The utility model is related to a kind of forest precipitation stations, belong to forest hydrology, ecological technical field, including rainfall measuring device total on woods, penetrate rain measuring device and stem flow measuring device.Total rainfall measuring device includes the cable wire of the high bar of the ladder type higher than the woods set up from ground, the tipping-bucket rain-gauge that bar top is laid and fixed high bar on woods.Penetrate side bar, two that rain measuring device includes two girders, is parallel to girder perpendicular to the side bar of girder, two principal posts and four side columns, several cant beams, several railings, two in the big funnel of strainer, two buffer barrels, two hoses and two tipping bucket meters and use the fixed laminated plastics cloth of strong magnetic piece.Stem flow measuring device includes installation cut-off groove, hose and tipping bucket meter on trunk.Total rainfall on woods is obtained by accurate measurements, rain is penetrated and measures and stem flow, it is more accurate to be calculated canopy interception, and scientific basis is provided for forest hydrology, ecological study.
Description
Technical field
The utility model is related to a kind of forest precipitation station, especially one kind can accurately, total rainfall on real time measure woods,
The forest precipitation station of throughfall, water flow in the stem and interception, belongs to forest hydrology and forest ecology technical field.
Background technology
Rainfall falls on trees canopy, and a portion is retained by tree branches, and a part is fallen to the ground across canopy (wears
Saturating rain), a part reaches root (i.e. stem flow) by branch confluence through trunk.Trees act on the reallocation of rainfall, change
Rainfall reaches the Distribution Pattern on ground, is unevenly distributed undergrowth regeneration, generates the runoff mechanism from non-forest area different.
Undergrowth regeneration nonunf ormity certainly will cause the distribution of hayashishita soil moisture, nutrient, microorganism and lower vegetation to change.
Therefore, carry out total rainfall on accurate, real time measure woods, throughfall, water flow in the stem and canopy retention quantifier elimination, have
Important forest hydrology, ecological significance.
According to water balance, total rainfall should be equal to the sum of throughfall, water flow in the stem, interception three on woods.Mesh
Before, the rainfall of rainfall gauge measurement is laid on the ground usually outside forest to replace total rainfall on woods, but due to rainfall
Affected by wind in different height, this measurement, which obtains rainfall, can not be equal to total rainfall on woods.Water flow in the stem leads to
It is often to be flowed in water storage barrel or tipping-bucket rain-gauge obtain, but due to water storage by conduit again by installing cut-off groove on trunk
Ladle capacity is limited and cannot measure the process of stem flow, if measuring and pouring not in time in big rainfall, can lead
Cause overflow;Since the applicable raininess of tipping-bucket rain-gauge is generally less than 4mm/min, when more than this raininess, tipping bucket type rainfall
Meter cannot accurately measure water flow in the stem.At present, it is by laying multiple water collectors or V-arrangement catch basin (such as in hayashishita to penetrate rain
Design disclosed in the patent of CN205656323U) rainfall a little or in small area is first measured, then convert to wear by area
Saturating rain amount.Due to hayashishita penetrate rain distribution it is very uneven, this is just difficult to ensure that the accuracy of surveyed penetration.Canopy interception
Itself cannot directly measure to obtain, and can only measure to obtain on woods after total rainfall, throughfall and water flow in the stem, be calculated
Canopy interception.Due to measuring the method for former three at present there are error, certainly will leading to the calculating of interception, there is also larger
Error.Therefore, still lack the device that can while accurately measure total rainfall, throughfall and water flow in the stem on woods, limit at present
The development of forest hydrology and ecological study is made.
Utility model content
The utility model solve the technical issues of be:It is proposed one kind can accurately, total rainfall on real time measure woods, penetrate
The forest precipitation station of rainfall, water flow in the stem and canopy interception can be that researcher carries out field forest hydrology, ecology is ground
Study carefully and accurate, real-time data are provided.
The purpose of this utility model is that for the above situation provide one kind can accurately, total rainfall on real time measure woods
Amount, throughfall, water flow in the stem and canopy interception forest precipitation station, can be researcher carry out field forest hydrology,
Ecological study provides accurate, real-time data.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the utility model proposes technical solution be:A kind of forest precipitation station, including woods
It goes up total rainfall measuring device, penetrate rain measuring device and stem flow measuring device, total rainfall measuring device packet on the woods
Include the cable wire that the high bar of ladder type (1) higher than the woods, the tipping-bucket rain-gauge (2) that bar top is laid and fixed high bar are set up from ground
(3);It is described to penetrate rain measuring device including two girders (4), the side bar (6) for being parallel to girder, two perpendicular to the side of girder
Beam (7), two principal posts (5) and four side columns (8), several cant beams (9), several railings (10), two big funnels for carrying strainer
(11), the tipping bucket meter (14) and the strong magnetic of use of two buffer barrels (12), two hoses (13) and two 1-3 liters/buckets
The fixed laminated plastics cloth of piece;The stem flow measuring device includes cutting higher than installation on the trunk at girder (4) 30-40cm
The tipping bucket meter (16) of chute (15), hose (13) and 0.4-0.6 liters/bucket.
Preferably, it is described to penetrate rain measuring device by two girder (4) framves in trunk (17) both sides, by four center pillars (5)
Support girder (4), and to rain measuring device export direction low-angle is penetrated, 5-10 degree tilts;Rectangle frame is set up to cover
The tree crown of monitoring woodlot integrally projects, and frame is by the side bar (7) of two side bars for being parallel to girder (6) and two perpendicular to girder
It forms, is supported by four side columns (8), the height of entire frame is less than girder (4) 30-40cm;It is parallel to two side bars of girder
(6) it is connect between girder (4) by several cant beams (9);Two side bars (6) for being parallel to girder and the cant beam (9) at both ends it
Upper 10-20cm setting railings (10);Above-described girder (4), center pillar (5), the side bar (6) for being parallel to girder, perpendicular to master
Side bar (7), side column (8) and the railing (10) of beam are cut by the zinc-plated square iron pipe of long 4-8cm, width 3-5cm, thickness 0.4-0.6cm
It cuts and is welded;Using multi-layer thick plastic cloth covering girder (4) and both sides cant beam (9), fitting is parallel to two first of girder
Railing is climbed over after being lifted after side bar (6) and the cant beam (9) at both ends, is finally fixed plastic cloth using strong magnetic piece;Plastic cloth is being set
Dry place punches across trunk, and the seam between trunk and plastic cloth is sealed using marine glue at the place of punching, prevents partial penetration rain edge
Stitch inflow surface;It is built such that the roof formula captation with certain slope will penetrate rain and all be pooled to two outlets, leads to
The big funnel (11) with strainer is crossed to be flowed into buffer barrel (12), then by hose (13) by the water of buffer barrel be transported to 1-3 liters/
The tipping bucket meter (14) of bucket measures throughfall;Rain confluence is penetrated for two to export, one 1-3 liter of each setting/
The tipping bucket meter (14) of bucket.
Preferably, it using the high bar of ladder type (1) being made of galvanized iron conduit of two diameters more than 10cm, is laid on bar top
Tipping-bucket rain-gauge (2), bar top are fixed on the ground by three cable wires (3) along three directions.
Preferably, higher than cut-off groove (15) is installed on the trunk at girder 30-50cm, 0.4- is flowed to by hose (13)
Water flow in the stem is measured in the tipping bucket meter (16) of 0.6 liter/bucket;The installation needs of cut-off groove (15) are polishing trunk (17)
Around the EPE foam plate of 2-4cm thickness after bark, foam ring (18) is formed, around the silica gel plate of 2-4mm outside foam ring
(19), the upper edge of silica gel plate is higher than foam ring (18) 4-6cm;Foam ring (18) and silica gel plate (19) are fixed on tree using band
On dry;By the hard tube (20) of an internal diameter 1-2cm embedded in the seam crossing of foam ring (18), then glass is injected on foam ring (18)
Glass glue all blocks the seam between foam ring (18) and trunk (17), silica gel plate (19), hard tube (20), and material is thus formed close
The cut-off groove (15) of conjunction;Each tree sets the tipping bucket meter (16) of a 0.4-0.6 liters/bucket independently to measure trunk stem respectively
Stream.
Preferably, the tipping bucket meter for penetrating rain and being flowed to a 1-3 liters/bucket that can be collected both sides by hose
(14) total throughfall is measured in, the water of more stem flow cut-off grooves (15) is flowed to 0.4-0.6 liters/bucket
Total water flow in the stem of more trees is measured in tipping bucket meter (16).
Advantageous effect:
The forest precipitation station of the utility model includes three parts:Total rainfall measuring device on woods, penetrate rain measuring device and
Stem flow measuring device.Total rainfall measuring device is that the high bar of ladder type for being higher than the woods is set up from ground on woods, in bar top cloth
If tipping-bucket rain-gauge, for measuring total rainfall on woods.Penetrating rain measuring device delimited with representative two to three trees
Range, establishing, there is the roof formula captation of certain slope, which will penetrate rain, is all pooled to two outlets, by carrying strainer
Big funnel be flowed into buffer barrel, then the water of buffer barrel is transported to by hose the tipping bucket meter of 1-2 liters/bucket and is surveyed
Measure throughfall.Stem flow measuring device is to install cut-off groove on higher than the trunk at girder 30-50cm, passes through conduit stream
Tipping bucket meter to 0.5 liter/bucket measures water flow in the stem.
The high bar of total rainfall measuring device uses what is be made of galvanized iron conduit of two diameters more than 10cm on the woods
The high bar of ladder type, bar top are fixed on ground by three cable wires along three directions.
It is described to penetrate rain measuring device by two main girder frames in trunk both sides, by four center pillar support girders, and to
Gathering surface exports small angle inclination.The tree crown that rectangle frame covers monitoring woodlot integrally projects, and frame is parallel to master by two
The side bar of beam and two side bars perpendicular to girder are formed, and are supported by four side columns, and the height of entire frame is less than girder 30-
40cm.Be parallel to girder two are connected between side bar and girder by several cant beams.In two side bars and two for being parallel to girder
10-20cm settings railing on the cant beam of head.Plastic cloth covering girder and both sides cant beam are thickeied using multilayer, fitting is parallel to master
Railing is climbed over after being lifted after two side bars of beam and the cant beam at both ends, is finally fixed plastic cloth using strong magnetic piece.Plastic cloth exists
It is punched at trunk across trunk, the seam between trunk and plastic cloth is sealed using marine glue at the place of punching, prevents partial penetration rain
Along seam inflow surface.
The stem flow measuring device needs to be formed around the EPE foam plate of 3-5cm thickness after trunk is polished
Then foam ring is higher than cystosepiment 4-6cm outside foam ring around the silica gel plate of 2-4mm, the upper edge of silica gel plate.It will using band
Foam ring and silica gel plate are fixed on trunk.The hard tube of a piece internal diameter 1-2cm is embedded in the seam crossing of foam ring, then in foam
Implantation glass glue on ring all blocks the seam between foam ring and bark, silica gel plate, hard tube, and material is thus formed the trees
Cut-off groove in scapus flow measuring apparatus.Cut-off groove is linked into the tipping bucket type flow of 0.4-0.6 liters/bucket by hard tube connection flexible pipe
Metering stem flow in meter.
The high bar of ladder type of total rainfall measuring device can reduce the shaking on bar top on the woods, it is ensured that udometric
Stablize and count, also allow for staff and climb up bar to rainfall gauge Inspection and maintenance.
It is described penetrate rain measuring device and completely, efficiently can collect hayashishita penetrate rain, do not need to carry out area conversion,
The total amount and change in process for penetrating rain can more accurately be measured.
The stem flow measuring device, can be fast using flexible cystosepiment, silica gel plate and glass cement
Fast simple installation, carries out accurate, real time measure stem flow on the basis of trees normal growth is not interfered with.
Total rainfall on woods is obtained by accurate measurements, penetrates rain measurement and stem flow, and canopy interception is calculated more
To be accurate, and then canopy interception can be calculated, penetrate that rain measures and stem flow accounts for the ratio of total rainfall on woods, for forest
Hydrology, ecological study provide scientific basis.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is 1 schematic diagram of overall structure diagram and embodiment of the utility model.
In figure:The high bar of 1- ladder types;2- tipping-bucket rain-gauges;3- cable wires;4- girders;5- center pillars;6- is parallel to girder
Side bar;7- is perpendicular to the side bar of girder;8- side columns;9- cant beams;10- railings;11- carries the big funnel of strainer;12- buffer barrels;
13 hoses;The tipping bucket meter of 14-1-3 liters/bucket;15- stem flow cut-off grooves;16-0.4-0.6 the tipping bucket type stream of liter/bucket
Gauge.
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of stem flow cut-off groove.
In figure:17- trunks;18- foam rings;19- silica gel plates;20- hard tubes.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of 2 forest precipitation station of embodiment.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings of the specification, the technical solution of the utility model is described in further detail again.
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of forest precipitation station includes three parts:Total rainfall measuring device on woods penetrates rain measuring device
With stem flow measuring device.
Total rainfall measuring device uses the high bar 1 of ladder type being made of galvanized iron conduit of two diameters more than 10cm on woods,
Tipping-bucket rain-gauge 2 is laid on bar top, bar top is fixed on ground by three cable wires 3 along three directions.
Rain measuring device is penetrated by two 4 framves of girder in 17 both sides of trunk, by four 5 support girders of center pillar, and to wearing
Saturating rain measuring device export direction small angle inclination is less than 10 degree.The tree crown that erection rectangle frame covers monitoring woodlot is integrally thrown
Shadow, frame is made of two side bars for being parallel to girder 6 and two side bars 7 perpendicular to girder, is supported by four side columns 8, whole
The height of a frame is less than girder 30cm.It is parallel between two side bars 6 of girder and girder 4 and is connected by several cant beams 9.Flat
Row 10-20cm on two side bars 6 of girder and the cant beam 9 at both ends sets railing 10.Above-described girder 4, center pillar 5,
Be parallel to girder side bar 6, perpendicular to girder side bar 7, side column 8 and railing 10 all by long 4-8cm, width 3-5cm, thickness 0.4-
The zinc-plated square iron pipe of 0.6cm carries out cutting and is welded.Plastic cloth covering girder 4 and both sides cant beam 9, fitting are thickeied using multilayer
It is parallel to after two side bars 6 of girder and the cant beam 9 at both ends after lifting and climbs over railing, finally consolidated plastic cloth using strong magnetic piece
It is fixed.Plastic cloth is punched at trunk across trunk, and the seam between trunk and plastic cloth is sealed using marine glue at the place of punching, is prevented
Partial penetration rain is along trunk inflow surface.It is built such that the roof formula captation with certain slope will penetrate rain and all collect
To two outlets, it is flowed into buffer barrel 12 by the big funnel 11 for carrying strainer, then by hose 13 that the water of buffer barrel 12 is defeated
It is sent in the tipping bucket meter 14 of 1-3 liters/bucket and measures throughfall.The outlet of rain confluence is penetrated for two, it is each to set
The tipping bucket meter 14 of one 1-3 liters/bucket.
Stem flow measuring device is flowed higher than cut-off groove 15 is installed on the trunk at girder 30-50cm by hose 13
Tipping bucket meter 16 to 0.4-0.6 liters/bucket measures water flow in the stem.As shown in Fig. 2, the installation needs of cut-off groove 15 are being ground
Around the EPE foam plate of 2-4cm thickness after flat 17 bark of trunk, foam ring 18 is formed, around the silicon of 2-4mm outside foam ring
Offset plate 19, the upper edge of silica gel plate are higher than foam ring 4-6cm.Foam ring 18 and silica gel plate 19 are fixed on trunk using band.
The hard tube 20 of a piece internal diameter 1-2cm is embedded in the seam crossing of foam ring 18, then the implantation glass glue on foam ring 18, by foam
Seam between ring 18 and bark, silica gel plate 19, hard tube 20 all blocks, and material is thus formed in the stem flow measuring device
Cut-off groove 15.Each tree sets the tipping bucket meter 16 of a 0.4-0.6 liters/bucket is independent to measure stem flow respectively.
Below using the contrast experiment in Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute Chuzhou hydrological experiment base south Dawa County forest watershed as
Example, to embody the beneficial effects of the utility model.It is built in southern Dawa County's forest watershed according to the embodiment of the utility model
The forest precipitation station of one 4m × 8.5m, while the sample prescription of 25m × 25m is established in its vicinity, traditional side is used in sample prescription
Formula has laid 25 rain gauge measurements and has penetrated rain, 17 stem flow device monitoring stem flows.Table 1 to get out of the wood precipitation station and
The measurement result of 5 rainfalls during sample prescription August in 2017 12 days to September 16 days, from result:The tree that forest precipitation station measures
Scapus stream (mean value 3.3mm) is greater than the measuring and calculating value (mean value 2.1mm) of sample prescription.This is because hayashishita penetrates rain distribution very not
, bigger than normal (the rain mean value that penetrates of forest precipitation station and sample prescription is respectively 17.7mm to the rain that penetrates for leading to that a small amount of rain gauge measures
And 21.0mm), and then cause stem flow less than normal.It is big that canopy interception (mean value 5.0mm) is calculated by forest precipitation station
In the calculated value (mean value 2.9mm) of sample prescription.By comparing result it is found that the forest precipitation station that the utility model is announced can obtain ratio
Traditional measurement mode more accurately and reliably result.
1 forest precipitation station of table and sample prescription measure the comparing result of rainfall
Embodiment 2:
On the basis of embodiment 1, discounting for specifically measure each tree stem flow and both sides penetrate rain and catchment
The flow in face, as shown in figure 3, all stem flows can be flowed to the tipping bucket type flow of a 0.4-0.6 liters/bucket by hose
Meter 16, the stream that goes out of two buffer barrels 12 is pooled in the tipping bucket meter 14 of a 1-3 liters/bucket, can be saved into this way
This.
The specific technical solution being not limited to described in above-described embodiment of the utility model, it is all using equivalent replacement formed
Technical solution is the protection domain of the requires of the utility model.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of forest precipitation station including rainfall measuring device total on woods, penetrates rain measuring device and stem flow measuring device,
It is characterized in that:Total rainfall measuring device includes setting up the high bar of ladder type (1) higher than the woods, bar top from ground on the woods
The cable wire (3) of the tipping-bucket rain-gauge (2) of laying and fixed high bar;The rain measuring device that penetrates includes two girders (4), puts down
Row is in the side bar (6) of girder, two side bars (7) perpendicular to girder, two center pillars (5) and four side columns (8), several cant beams
(9), several railings (10), two big funnel (11), two buffer barrels (12), two hoses (13) and two 1- for carrying strainer
The tipping bucket meter (14) of 3 liters/bucket and the use fixed laminated plastics cloth of strong magnetic piece;The stem flow measuring device
The tipping bucket type of cut-off groove (15), hose (13) and 0.4-0.6 liters/bucket is installed including being higher than on the trunk at girder (4) 30-40cm
Flowmeter (16).
2. forest precipitation station according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The rain measuring device that penetrates is by two girders
(4) frame is in trunk (17) both sides, by four center pillar (5) support girders (4), and to penetrating the small angle of rain measuring device export direction
Degree, 5-10 degree tilt;The tree crown that erection rectangle frame covers monitoring woodlot integrally projects, and frame is parallel to girder by two
Side bar (6) and two side bars (7) perpendicular to girder are formed, and are supported by four side columns (8), and the height of entire frame is less than girder
(4)30-40cm;It is parallel between two side bars (6) of girder and girder (4) and is connect by several cant beams (9);It is being parallel to girder
Two side bars (6) and both ends cant beam (9) on 10-20cm setting railing (10);Above-described girder (4), center pillar
(5), be parallel to girder side bar (6), perpendicular to girder side bar (7), side column (8) and railing (10) by long 4-8cm, width 3-
5cm, thickness 0.4-0.6cm zinc-plated square iron pipe carry out cutting be welded;Plastic cloth is punched at trunk across trunk, is being punched
Place seals the seam between trunk and plastic cloth using marine glue, prevents partial penetration rain along seam inflow surface;Being built such that has
The roof formula captation of certain slope will penetrate rain and all be pooled to two outlets, be flowed by the big funnel (11) for carrying strainer
Enter into buffer barrel (12), then the water of buffer barrel is transported to tipping bucket meter (14) progress of 1-3 liters/bucket by hose (13)
Measure throughfall;The outlet of rain confluence is penetrated for two, the tipping bucket meter (14) of a 1-3 liters/bucket is respectively set.
3. forest precipitation station according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Total rainfall measuring device, feature on the woods
It is:Using the high bar of ladder type (1) being made of galvanized iron conduit of two diameters more than 10cm, tipping bucket type rainfall is laid on bar top
It counts (2), bar top is fixed on the ground by three cable wires (3) along three directions.
4. forest precipitation station according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The stem flow measuring device, feature
It is:Higher than cut-off groove (15) is installed on the trunk at girder 30-50cm, 0.4-0.6 liters/bucket is flowed to by hose (13)
Water flow in the stem is measured in tipping bucket meter (16);The installation of cut-off groove (15) needs to surround after trunk (17) bark is polished
The EPE foam plate of 2-4cm thickness forms foam ring (18), around the silica gel plate of 2-4mm (19) outside foam ring, silica gel plate
Upper edge is higher than foam ring (18) 4-6cm;Foam ring (18) and silica gel plate (19) are fixed on trunk using band;Each tree point
Not She Zhi the tipping bucket meter (16) of 0.4-0.6 liters/bucket independently measure stem flow.
5. forest precipitation station according to claim 3 or 4, it is characterised in that:The tipping bucket meter, feature exist
In:The rain that penetrates that both sides are collected can be flowed to and be measured in the tipping bucket meter (14) of a 1-3 liters/bucket by hose
The water of more stem flow cut-off grooves (15) is flowed to the tipping bucket meter of a 0.4-0.6 liters/bucket by total throughfall
(16) total water flow in the stem of more trees is measured in.
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107656326A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-02-02 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | A kind of forest precipitation station |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN107656326A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-02-02 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | A kind of forest precipitation station |
CN107656326B (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2023-10-03 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Forest rainfall station |
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