CN207396285U - Sponge urban green space rainwater-collecting capability analysis system - Google Patents
Sponge urban green space rainwater-collecting capability analysis system Download PDFInfo
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- CN207396285U CN207396285U CN201721488776.8U CN201721488776U CN207396285U CN 207396285 U CN207396285 U CN 207396285U CN 201721488776 U CN201721488776 U CN 201721488776U CN 207396285 U CN207396285 U CN 207396285U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a kind of sponge urban green space rainwater-collecting capability analysis system, rainfall simulator including being used for simulated rainfall, rainwater-collecting model casing below the rainfall simulator, the earthwork in the rainwater-collecting model casing, drainage collection device arranged on the rainwater-collecting model casing side and for collecting the water flowed out from the earthwork upper surface, it is covered in the simulation lawn of the earthwork upper surface, multiple sorptivety wells in the earthwork and the moisture content tester in the earthwork and for monitoring the moisture content of the earthwork in multiple monitoring points.Rainwater-collecting capability analysis system structure in sponge urban green space provided by the utility model is simple, facilitates handling, convenient for the interior workload for carrying out test use, reducing simulated experiment indoors, while can promote the sorptivety outlet capacity of the earthwork and purification outlet capacity.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to geotechnical engineering indoor model technical field, is to be related to a kind of sponge city more specifically
Greenery patches rainwater-collecting capability analysis system.
Background technology
In recent years, the concept in " sponge city " gradually promotes and applies in modern urban construction and transformation, it is a new generation
Urban Storm Flood management concept, it is intended to make city adapt to environmental change and tackle natural calamity for bringing of rainwater etc. have it is good
Good " elasticity ", also referred to as " water elasticity city ".
The sorptivety in greenery patches, savings and water purification ability are important subjects during rainfall in sponge urban construction, conventional method
It is generally tested by the way of field test, there is larger workload, it is time-consuming and laborious, there is nonrepeatability.Indoor mould
Type experiment becomes a new experiment direction, but there has been no a kind of effectively tests on greenery patches rainwater-collecting ability at present
Device and analysis method can seep water to urban green space under rain fall, store outlet capacity and precisely quantified.
Utility model content
It is existing to solve the purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of sponge urban green space rainwater-collecting capability analysis system
Have to lack present in technology and can seep water to urban green space under rain fall, store the interior that outlet capacity is precisely quantified
The technical issues of test model.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the utility model is:A kind of sponge urban green space rainwater collection is provided
Collect capability analysis system, including:Rainfall simulator for simulated rainfall, the rainwater below the rainfall simulator
Collect model casing, the earthwork in the rainwater-collecting model casing, arranged on the rainwater-collecting model casing side and for receiving
Collect the drainage collection device of the water flowed out from the earthwork upper surface, be covered in the simulation lawn of the earthwork upper surface, be arranged on
Multiple sorptivety wells in the earthwork and the moisture content in the earthwork and for monitoring the earthwork in multiple monitoring points
Moisture content tester.
Further, the drainage collection device include be arranged on the rainwater-collecting model casing on and with the simulation lawn
The consistent osculum of brim height and surge drum for accepting the water of the osculum discharge.
Further, the drainage collection device, which is further included, is connected with the osculum and for will be from the osculum
The water of outflow imports the drainpipe of the surge drum.
Further, the one side of the upper surface of the earthwork is clinoplain, the position of the osculum and the inclination
The lower edge of plane corresponds to.
Further, the rainfall simulator include containment structures, the precipitation conduit that is connected with the containment structures with
And flow control valve, flowmeter and nozzle on the precipitation conduit, the nozzle are axially sequentially arranged in along the precipitation conduit
Positioned at the surface of the rainwater-collecting model casing.
Further, the simulation lawn includes the nonwoven layer that at least one layer is covered in the earthwork upper surface.
Further, the moisture content tester includes water of multiple edges parallel to the directional spreding of the earthwork upper surface
Divide sensing probe group and data processing structure, each moisture sensing probe group includes multiple edges perpendicular to the rainwater collection
Collect the sensing probe of the directional spreding of model casing bottom surface, the monitoring point is corresponded with the sensor probe.
Further, the data processing structure include be connected with the sensor probe voltage acquisition instrument, with it is described
The computer of voltage acquisition instrument connection and the constant-current source being connected respectively with the voltage acquisition instrument and the computer.
Further, the sorptivety well edge is parallel to the directional spreding of the earthwork upper surface.
Further, the sorptivety well includes well casing, the water seepage hole on the well casing side wall, in the well casing
Filtration pack and the filter layer that is coated on the outside of the water seepage hole.
The advantageous effect of rainwater-collecting capability analysis system in sponge urban green space provided by the utility model is:With it is existing
Technology is compared, the utility model sponge urban green space rainwater-collecting capability analysis system, simple in structure, facilitates handling, convenient for
Test use is carried out in interior, reduces the workload of simulated experiment, uses manpower and material resources sparingly;Meanwhile it can effectively simulate and treat
The terrain environment of survey by setting moisture content tester in the earthwork of simulation, tests the moisture content of different monitoring points, it becomes possible to
The infiltration parameters such as rate and evaporation rate are calculated, and then can analyze to obtain infiltration, the storage capacity in simulation greenery patches, use
It is easy;Meanwhile by setting sorptivety well, be conducive to be promoted the sorptivety outlet capacity of the earthwork and purification outlet capacity.
Description of the drawings
It, below will be to embodiment or the prior art in order to illustrate more clearly of the technical scheme in the embodiment of the utility model
Attached drawing is briefly described needed in description, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only that this practicality is new
Some embodiments of type, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without having to pay creative labor, can be with
Other attached drawings are obtained according to these attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation for the sponge urban green space rainwater-collecting capability analysis system that the utility model embodiment provides
Figure;
Fig. 2 is the structure diagram for the well casing that the utility model embodiment uses;
Fig. 3 is the structure diagram for the sensor probe that the utility model embodiment uses;
Fig. 4 is the flow chart for the analysis method that the utility model embodiment provides.
Wherein, each reference numeral in figure:
1- rainfall simulators;101- precipitation conduits;102- flow control valves;103- flowmeters;104- nozzles;2- rainwater
Collect model casing;3- cubic metres of earth;4- drainage collection devices;401- surge drums;402- drainpipes;5- simulates lawn;6- moisture measurements
Device;601- sensor probes;602- voltage acquisition instrument;603- computers;604- constant-current sources;7- sorptivety wells;701- well casings;
702- water seepage holes
Specific embodiment
In order to which technical problem to be solved in the utility model, technical solution and advantageous effect is more clearly understood, with
Lower combination accompanying drawings and embodiments, are further elaborated the utility model.It should be appreciated that specific reality described herein
It applies example to be only used to explain the utility model, is not used to limit the utility model.
It should be noted that when element is referred to as " being fixed on " or " being arranged at " another element, it can be directly another
On one element or it is connected on another element.When an element is known as " being connected to " another element, it can
To be directly to another element or be indirectly connected on another element.
It is to be appreciated that term " length ", " width ", " on ", " under ", "front", "rear", "left", "right", " vertical ",
The orientation or position relationship of the instructions such as " level ", " top ", " bottom " " interior ", " outer " are to be closed based on orientation shown in the drawings or position
System is for only for ease of description the utility model and simplifies description rather than instruction or imply that signified device or element are necessary
With specific orientation, with specific azimuth configuration and operation, therefore it is not intended that limitation to the utility model.
In addition, term " first ", " second " are only used for description purpose, and it is not intended that instruction or hint relative importance
Or the implicit quantity for indicating indicated technical characteristic.Define " first " as a result, the feature of " second " can be expressed or
Implicitly include one or more this feature.In the description of the utility model, " multiple " are meant that two or two
More than, unless otherwise specifically defined.
Also referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, now to rainwater-collecting capability analysis system in sponge urban green space provided by the utility model
System illustrates.The sponge urban green space rainwater-collecting capability analysis system, the rainfall simulation including being used for simulated rainfall fill
It puts 1, the rainwater-collecting model casing 2 arranged on 1 lower section of rainfall simulator, the earthwork 3 in rainwater-collecting model casing 2, be arranged on
2 side of rainwater-collecting model casing and for collect from 3 upper surface of the earthwork flow out water drainage collection device 4, be covered in the earthwork 4
Simulate lawn 5, multiple sorptivety wells 7 in the earthwork 3 and in the earthwork 3 and for being monitored in multiple monitoring points in upper surface
The moisture content tester 6 of the moisture content of the earthwork 3.
Rainwater-collecting capability analysis system in sponge urban green space provided by the utility model, compared with prior art, structure
Simply, handling are facilitated, use cost is low, convenient for the interior workload for carrying out test use, reducing simulated experiment indoors, saves
Manpower and materials;Meanwhile terrain environment to be measured can be effectively simulated, by the earthwork 3 of simulation moisture measurement being set to fill
6 are put, tests the moisture content of different monitoring points, it becomes possible to the infiltration parameters such as rate and evaporation rate be calculated, and then can divide
Analysis obtains the infiltration in simulation greenery patches, storage capacity, uses simplicity;Meanwhile by setting sorptivety well, be conducive to be promoted the suction of the earthwork
Infiltration ability and purification outlet capacity.
It should be noted that the upper surface on simulation lawn 5 does not protrude from the upper opening end face of rainwater-collecting model casing 2.
Preferably, simulate the upper surface on lawn 5 and the upper opening end face of rainwater-collecting model casing 2 is substantially flush.
Optionally, moisture content tester 6 is the moisture content tester that water content of soil test is carried out based on vanderburg method, i.e.,
VDP moisture content testers.
Further, a kind of specific reality as rainwater-collecting capability analysis system in sponge urban green space provided by the invention
Mode is applied, rainwater-collecting model casing 2 is spliced into cuboid, organic glass good airproof performance, and transparency height by organic glass, convenient
Observe earthwork inner case.According to general test situation, 2 specific size of rainwater-collecting model casing is:It is highly 35cm, length is
35cm, width 20cm.
Further, also referring to Fig. 1, as rainwater-collecting capability analysis system in sponge urban green space provided by the invention
A kind of specific embodiment of system, drainage collection device 4 include being arranged on the rainwater-collecting model casing 2 and side with simulating lawn 5
The highly consistent osculum of edge and the surge drum 401 for accepting the water of osculum discharge.Sponge greenery patches is during raining
Rainwater can be partially absorbed, obtain the water suction total amount of the soil body in the saturated condition for convenience, it is necessary to will be not absorbent
Moisture (earth's surface discharge water) is collected, and is measured, this partial moisture is discharged by osculum, is finally collected cylinder 401
It collects, 401 outer wall of surge drum can set scale, facilitate reading water amount information.
Further, referring to Fig. 1, as rainwater-collecting capability analysis system in sponge urban green space provided by the invention
A kind of specific embodiment, drainage collection device 4, which is further included, to be connected with osculum and for the water flowed out from osculum to be led
Enter the drainpipe 402 of surge drum 401.Water in osculum is collected and is oriented to by drainpipe 402, is conveniently collected.
Further, referring to Fig. 1, as rainwater-collecting capability analysis system in sponge urban green space provided by the invention
A kind of specific embodiment, collects earth's surface discharge water for convenience, and the one side of the upper surface of the earthwork 3 is clinoplain, osculum
Position it is corresponding with the lower edge of clinoplain.Cubic metre of earth specific size be:Total length is 35 centimetres, total height 35cm,
Width is 20cm;The height of clinoplain is 15cm, and length is the slope of 25cm.
Further, referring to Fig. 1, as rainwater-collecting capability analysis system in sponge urban green space provided by the invention
A kind of specific embodiment, rainfall simulator 1 include containment structures, the precipitation conduit 101 being connected with containment structures and edge
Axial flow control valve 102, flowmeter 103 and the nozzle 104 being sequentially arranged on precipitation conduit 101 of precipitation conduit 101, nozzle
104 are located at the surface of rainwater-collecting model casing 2.Flow control valve 102 can pass through flowmeter for adjusting rainfall size
103 pairs of rainfalls are accurately quantified.
Further, a kind of specific reality as rainwater-collecting capability analysis system in sponge urban green space provided by the invention
Mode is applied, simulation lawn 5 is mainly used for promoting soil body surface layer stability, including at least one layer of nothing for covering the earthwork upper surface
Woven fabric layer.Non-woven fabrics material has certain water imbibition and seepage of water in itself, and in simulated experiment, relatively the simulation on lawn needs
It asks.
Further, please refer to Fig.1 and Fig. 3, as sponge urban green space rainwater-collecting capability analysis provided by the invention
A kind of specific embodiment of system, moisture content tester 6 include water of multiple edges parallel to the directional spreding of 3 upper surface of the earthwork
Sub-sensor probe group and data processing structure, each moisture transducer probe group include multiple edges perpendicular to rainwater-collecting mould
The sensor probe 601 of the directional spreding of 2 bottom surface of molding box, monitoring point are corresponded with sensor probe 601.Sensor probe
601 layerings are embedded among the earthwork 3, can accurately be sensed the variation of soil moisture content and the migration of moisture, are conducive to
More accurate test parameter is provided.The sensitive information of data processing structure receiving sensor probe 601, and handled, it is raw
Into the numerical value of moisture content, facilitate carry out calculating processing.
In order to ensure test accuracy, the volume of sensor probe 601 is as far as possible small, can be used a diameter of 1.5cm and
Total length is the probe of 2cm.
Further, referring to Fig. 1, as rainwater-collecting capability analysis system in sponge urban green space provided by the invention
A kind of specific embodiment, data processing structure include the voltage acquisition instrument 602 being connected with sensor probe 601, are adopted with voltage
Collection instrument 602 computer 603 connected and the constant-current source 604 being connected respectively with voltage acquisition instrument 602 and computer 603.Voltage is adopted
Collect instrument 602 for receiving the signal from sensor probe 601, subsequent signal is transmitted in computer 603 root in pre-set programs
It is handled and is calculated, constant-current source 604 ensures voltage for providing voltage acquisition instrument 602 and computer 603 constant electric current
Acquisition Instrument 602 and computer 603 can be worked normally.
Further, refering to Fig. 1, one as rainwater-collecting capability analysis system in sponge urban green space provided by the invention
Kind specific embodiment, in order to further improve the sorptivety outlet capacity of the earthwork and purification outlet capacity, sorptivety well 7 is along parallel to the earthwork
The directional spreding of 3 upper surfaces.
Further, referring to Fig. 2, as rainwater-collecting capability analysis system in sponge urban green space provided by the invention
A kind of specific embodiment, sorptivety well 7 include well casing 701, the water seepage hole 702 on 701 side wall of well casing, arranged on well casing 701
Interior filtration pack and the filter layer being coated on the outside of water seepage hole 702.Well casing 701 is PVC components, and tube wall is equipped with around well
The multi-turn water seepage hole 702 of the axis distribution of pipe 701, water enters water seepage hole 702 from filter layer, using the mistake of filtration pack
Filter, can purify to infiltrating rainwater.
Optionally, axis of five water seepage holes 702 around well casing 701 in logical paratropic plane is distributed in circle.
Optionally, a kind of specific implementation as rainwater-collecting capability analysis system in sponge urban green space provided by the invention
Mode, filtration pack are drainage sandstone.
Further, a kind of specific reality as rainwater-collecting capability analysis system in sponge urban green space provided by the invention
Mode is applied, is made for convenience, filter layer is the non-woven fabrics jacket layer for being sheathed on 701 periphery of well casing.
Referring to Fig. 4, the analysis method bag realized based on above-mentioned sponge urban green space rainwater-collecting capability analysis system
Include following steps:
According to the earthwork 3 for landform and soil regime the configuration experiment for actually treating simulated domain, and rainwater is inserted into the earthwork 3
It collects in model casing 2;
Moisture content tester 6 is laid in the earthwork 3;
Simulation lawn 5 is laid in 3 upper surface of the earthwork;
Simulated rainfall is carried out by rainfall simulator 1, and passes through the earthwork that moisture content tester 6 monitors each monitoring point
The variation of moisture content and the variation of earthwork totality seepage rate, until the whole saturations of the earthwork 3, calculate according to 3 water-cut variation of the earthwork
Seep water rate, and judges the infiltration ability of the earthwork;
Stop simulated rainfall, in real time the earthwork water-cut variation and soil of monitoring each monitoring point under natural evaporation state
The variation of side's totality moisture content, calculates evaporation rate according to earthwork water-cut variation, and judges the storage capacity of the earthwork.
This method can accurately analyze depanning by the overall infiltration rate for testing the earthwork, local infiltration rate
Intend the infiltration ability in greenery patches, by testing the total liquid evaporation rate and localized evaporation rate of the earthwork, can accurately analyze
Go out to simulate the storage capacity in greenery patches, Measurement results accuracy is high, introduces the concept of infiltration rate and evaporation rate to quantify
The infiltration of the earthwork and savings ability are described, there is reference to anticipate the quantization of greenery patches rainwater-collecting ability in analysis sponge urban construction
Justice is conducive to carry out scientific and effective analysis to rainwater-collecting ability in greenery patches in sponge urban construction, be conducive to from scientific experimentation
Angle provides reasonable proposal to drafting and improving for sponge urban construction scheme.
It should be noted that the configuration of the earthwork 3 of experiment is mainly carried out according to the actual landform situation combination theory of similarity.
It lays moisture content tester 6 in the earthwork 3 to specifically include, in the earthwork 3 and beside sorptivety well 7 and bottom, which is laid, is
A sensor probe 601
Further, calculating infiltration rate according to water-cut variation includes:
According to the total amount of drainage after reaching the total precipitation after saturation state, reaching saturation state and reach saturation state institute
Time calculates the earthwork, and totally infiltration rate, relational expression are:
Wherein, QDropTo reach the total precipitation after saturation state;QRowTo reach the total amount of drainage after saturation state, that is, reach
The total amount of the water flowed out after saturation state from the earthwork upper surface, can be obtained by the scale reading on surge drum 401;ρWaterFor
The density of precipitation water;T reaches the time used in saturation state for rainfall;vAlways oozeReach for rainfall used in saturation state in time T
The overall infiltration rate of the earthwork.
Further, calculating infiltration rate according to water-cut variation includes:
Reaching the moisture content at two moment in saturation history according to single monitoring point rainfall, to calculate the monitoring point corresponding
The local infiltration rate of cubic metre of earth region between described two moment, after earthwork saturation, sensor probe 601 senses aqueous
Rate no longer changes, and relational expression is:
Wherein, V is the volume of the earthwork corresponding to single monitoring point, i.e. V is the sensor probe 601 at a certain monitoring point
The earthwork of a certain fixed volume V in periphery;ω1It is single monitoring point in t1The moisture content at moment;ω2It is single monitoring point in t2When
The moisture content at quarter;ρdFor the dry density of the earthwork;vOffice oozesFor the local infiltration rate in the corresponding earthwork region in the monitoring point.
Comprehensive whole infiltration rate and local infiltration rate understand that infiltration rate is faster, and earthwork sorptivety ability is stronger.
Further, calculating evaporation rate according to water-cut variation includes:
Earthwork gross mass is calculated in the evaporation after the gross mass of the earthwork, evaporation time and evaporation when being stopped according to rainfall
Between period in the total liquid evaporation rate of the earthwork, relational expression is:
Wherein, m1Earthwork gross mass when stopping for rainfall, m2For the gross mass of the earthwork after evaporation after a while,
T1It is earthwork gross mass by m1Evaporation becomes m2Time used;vIt is total to steamFor T1The total liquid evaporation rate of the earthwork in time.
Further, calculating evaporation rate according to water-cut variation includes:
It is corresponding that the monitoring point is calculated according to the moisture content at two evaporation moment of the single monitoring point during evaporation
Localized evaporation rates of the earthwork region between described two evaporation moment, relational expression are:
Wherein V1For the volume of the earthwork corresponding to single monitoring point, i.e. V is the sensor probe 601 at a certain monitoring point
The earthwork of a certain fixed volume V in periphery;ω3It is single monitoring point in t3The moisture content at moment;ω4It is single monitoring point in t4When
The moisture content at quarter;ρdFor the dry density of the earthwork;vOffice steamsFor the local infiltration rate in the corresponding earthwork region in the monitoring point.
Comprehensive entirety evaporation rate and localized evaporation rate understand that evaporation rate is faster, and earthwork storage capacity is weaker.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the utility model only, is not intended to limit the utility model, all at this
All any modification, equivalent and improvement made within the spirit and principle of utility model etc., should be included in the utility model
Protection domain within.
Claims (10)
1. sponge urban green space rainwater-collecting capability analysis system, it is characterised in that:Rainfall simulation including being used for simulated rainfall
Device, the rainwater-collecting model casing below the rainfall simulator, the earthwork in the rainwater-collecting model casing,
Arranged on the rainwater-collecting model casing side and for collecting the drainage collection device of the water flowed out from the earthwork upper surface, covering
It is placed on the simulation lawn of the earthwork upper surface, multiple sorptivety wells in the earthwork and in the earthwork and is used for
The moisture content tester of the moisture content of the earthwork is monitored in multiple monitoring points.
2. rainwater-collecting capability analysis system in sponge urban green space as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:The draining is received
Acquisition means include being arranged on the rainwater-collecting model casing and with the consistent osculum of brim height and use on the simulation lawn
In the surge drum for the water for accepting the osculum discharge.
3. rainwater-collecting capability analysis system in sponge urban green space as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that:The draining is received
Acquisition means further include the row being connected with the osculum and for the water flowed out from the osculum to be imported to the surge drum
Water pipe.
4. rainwater-collecting capability analysis system in sponge urban green space as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, it is characterised in that:The soil
The one side of the upper surface of side is clinoplain, and the position of the osculum is corresponding with the lower edge of the clinoplain.
5. rainwater-collecting capability analysis system in sponge urban green space as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:The rainfall mould
Intending device includes containment structures, the precipitation conduit being connected with the containment structures and is axially sequentially arranged in along the precipitation conduit
Flow control valve, flowmeter and nozzle on the precipitation conduit, the nozzle be located at the rainwater-collecting model casing just on
Side.
6. rainwater-collecting capability analysis system in sponge urban green space as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:The simulation grass
Level ground includes the nonwoven layer that at least one layer is covered in the earthwork upper surface.
7. sponge urban green space as described in claim 1 rainwater-collecting capability analysis system, it is characterised in that:The moisture is surveyed
The moisture sensing probe group and data processing structure parallel to the directional spreding of the earthwork upper surface including multiple edges are put in trial assembly,
Each moisture sensing probe group includes the biography of directional spreding of multiple edges perpendicular to the rainwater-collecting model casing bottom surface
Sense probe, the monitoring point are corresponded with the sensor probe.
8. rainwater-collecting capability analysis system in sponge urban green space as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that:At the data
Reason structure includes the voltage acquisition instrument being connected with the sensor probe, the computer being connected with the voltage acquisition instrument and difference
The constant-current source being connected with the voltage acquisition instrument and the computer.
9. rainwater-collecting capability analysis system in sponge urban green space as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:The sorptivety well
Along the directional spreding parallel to the earthwork upper surface.
10. rainwater-collecting capability analysis system in sponge urban green space as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that:The sorptivety
Well includes well casing, the water seepage hole on the well casing side wall, the filtration pack in the well casing and is coated on described
Filter layer on the outside of water seepage hole.
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107703045A (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2018-02-16 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Sponge urban green space rainwater-collecting capability analysis system and analysis method |
CN114878789A (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2022-08-09 | 成都理工大学 | Rainfall type landslide instability test device based on seepage and macroscopic damage coupling analysis |
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2017
- 2017-11-09 CN CN201721488776.8U patent/CN207396285U/en active Active
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107703045A (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2018-02-16 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Sponge urban green space rainwater-collecting capability analysis system and analysis method |
CN107703045B (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2024-04-26 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Sponge city green land rainwater collection capacity analysis system and analysis method |
CN114878789A (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2022-08-09 | 成都理工大学 | Rainfall type landslide instability test device based on seepage and macroscopic damage coupling analysis |
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