CN207213679U - A kind of tea place Special hoist opposes friendly insect attraction light source - Google Patents
A kind of tea place Special hoist opposes friendly insect attraction light source Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN207213679U CN207213679U CN201721031069.6U CN201721031069U CN207213679U CN 207213679 U CN207213679 U CN 207213679U CN 201721031069 U CN201721031069 U CN 201721031069U CN 207213679 U CN207213679 U CN 207213679U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- lamp bead
- led lamp
- led
- baseplate
- light
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Landscapes
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of tea place Special hoist to oppose friendly insect attraction light source.The light source lamp-type is corn type, including PC lampshades, LED lamp bead group, LED-baseplate, heat-dissipating metal sheet, resin shell, circuit board and screw lamp holder, LED-baseplate includes 6 side LED-baseplates and 1 top surface LED-baseplate, setting angle between the LED-baseplate of side is 60 °, six sides of top surface LED-baseplate are corresponding with side LED-baseplate, LED lamp bead group includes purple LED lamp bead, blue-ray LED lamp bead and red-light LED lamp bead, alternately purple LED lamp bead, blue-ray LED lamp bead and red-light LED lamp bead, purple LED lamp bead are uniformly arranged in side LED-baseplate and top surface LED-baseplate:Blue-ray LED lamp bead:The quantity ratio of red-light LED lamp bead is 3:3:1.Tea place primary pest is mainly trapped in the utility model, reduces the amount of trapping of natural enemy insect and Non-target pests.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to tea place primary pest non-environmental pollution control technical field, and in particular to a kind of special natural enemy in tea place
Friendly insect attraction light source method.
Background technology
The important measures that light trap is agriculture green prevention and control, this skill are carried out to crop pest using the phototaxis of insect
Art not only can effectively control the phototaxis insect in farmland or orchard, and will not cause poisonous and harmful substance in agricultural and sideline production
Residual in product.Therefore, with the continuous enhancing that the continuous development of agricultural modernization and human diet health requirements are realized, this
Kind technology is increasingly paid attention to by people, and miscellaneous trapping lamp is also developed in succession.Tealeaves is the important warp in China
Ji crop, trapping lamp equally played an important role and are widely used in the non-environmental pollution control of tea plant pest.
The trapping lamp being most widely used at present in tea place is frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, and this trapping lamp has broad spectrum activity,
It is also very common in the farmland and orchard of other crops.The insect attraction light source spectral region of frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp is larger, because to institute
Some Phototactic insects are respectively provided with the ability of trapping, and are especially suitable for the Dynamic state of population for monitoring light insect.Although frequency vibration
The insect attraction light source of formula trapping lamp or other species trapping lamps（High-pressure sodium lamp, black light lamp, fluorescent lamp）Generally there is wider spectrum
Scope, but do not have specific aim, the ability of trapping is respectively provided with to Non-target pests and natural enemy insect.For a long time, people always consider
Trapping lamp is a kind of definitely environment friendly and pollution-free control of insect means, but international community finds in recent years, and trapping lamp is equally right
Environment has ' pollution ' effect, the substantial amounts of natural enemy insect and Non-target pests trapped and killed in environment, can be to the balance of the ecosystem
Impact or even destroy, cause pest damage more serious, the agricultural product underproduction, therefore phase has been promulgated in some countries and regions
Pass policy, limit or forbid the use of some insect attraction light sources.Therefore, research and development are following trapping lamps with targetedly insect attraction light source
The inexorable trend of development.
Although Phototactic insects have taxis to light, different Phototactic insects have the different light features that becomes, tool
Body, which is embodied in different Phototactic insects, each has the spectral region of preference, such as Menochilus sexmaculata and narrow stern ladybug preference Huang
Light（565nm~575nm）, parasitic wasp and thrips are to ultraviolet light（<340nm）With significant taxis, drosophila is to green glow（508nm）
With preferences, aleyrodid is to purple light（405nm）With significant taxis etc..Using natural enemy insect and crop pest in the light feature that becomes
On difference, insect attraction light source is used as using unicast light or several unicast light in specific farmland or forest ecosystem, collected
In for primary pest and that avoids natural enemy insect as far as possible effectively traps spectral region, reduce natural enemy elder brother in trapping lamp to be effective
The trapping amount of worm provides possibility.LED has different emission wavelengths, plasticity is strong, the longevity as a kind of solid luminescent material
Life is long, energy consumption is low, is the excellent selection of natural enemy friendly insect attraction light source luminescent material.
Utility model content
The problem of existing for prior art, the purpose of this utility model, which is to design, provides a kind of tea place Special hoist enemy and friend
The technical scheme of good type insect attraction light source.
A kind of described tea place Special hoist enemy friendly insect attraction light source, the light source lamp-type are corn type, including PC lampshades,
LED lamp bead group, LED-baseplate, heat-dissipating metal sheet, resin shell, circuit board and screw lamp holder, it is characterised in that：Described LED
Substrate includes 6 side LED-baseplates and 1 top surface LED-baseplate, and the setting angle between described side LED-baseplate is 60 °,
Six sides of described top surface LED-baseplate are corresponding with side LED-baseplate, and described LED lamp bead group includes purple LED lamp bead, indigo plant
Light LED lamp bead and red-light LED lamp bead, alternately purple LED lamp is uniformly arranged in described side LED-baseplate and top surface LED-baseplate
Pearl, blue-ray LED lamp bead and red-light LED lamp bead, described purple LED lamp bead:Blue-ray LED lamp bead:The quantity ratio of red-light LED lamp bead
For 3:3:1.
A kind of described tea place Special hoist enemy's friendly insect attraction light source, it is characterised in that edge in described side LED-baseplate
Length direction sets purple LED lamp bead, blue-ray LED lamp bead and red-light LED lamp bead, purple LED lamp bead, blue-ray LED lamp bead and red
Light LED lamp bead is arranged alternately, purple LED lamp bead:Blue-ray LED lamp bead:The quantity ratio of red-light LED lamp bead is 3:3:1.
Described a kind of tea place Special hoist enemy's friendly insect attraction light source, it is characterised in that among described top surface LED-baseplate
Red-light LED lamp bead is set, purple LED lamp bead is arranged alternately on six sides of top surface LED-baseplate:Blue-ray LED lamp bead.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are：
1. the luminescent spectrum of insect attraction light source has specific aim in the utility model, tea place primary pest is mainly trapped, and subtract
The amount of trapping of natural enemy insect and Non-target pests is lacked, can effectively have been protected while tea plant pest is prevented and treated as insect attraction light source
The ecological balance；
2. insect attraction light source have adjusted the luminous ratio of each spectral region of light source using LED as luminescent material in the utility model
Example, effectively increases gathering effect of the insect attraction light source to tea place primary pest；
3. insect attraction light source uses corn type structure in the utility model, the effective area of irradiation and angle of light source are improved,
And the structure is applicable to existing all insect disinfestation devices, such as high-voltage fence, basin, malicious bottle or negative pressure wind inhale equipment, pin
Different types of trapping lamp can be combined into different insect disinfestation devices to different controlling objects.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the utility model overall structure diagram；
Fig. 2 is the sectional view in the utility model resin shell；
Fig. 3 is the common trend rate of tea place primary pest and natural enemy insect to the LED of different spectral regions；
Fig. 4 is the varying number ratio of 3 kinds of LED lamp beads（A）And lamp-type（B）To the influential effect of insect attraction light source；
Fig. 5 is attractant effect figure of the natural enemy friendly insect attraction light source in different regions to Insects in Tea Gardens：（A）Hangzhou West Lake area
Summer,（B）Hangzhou West Lake area autumn,（C）Shaoxing Yuecheng District autumn（D）Shaoxing Shengzhou autumn；
In figure：1-PC lampshades, 201- sides LED-baseplate, 202- top surface LED-baseplates, 3- purple LED lamp beads, 4- blue lights
LED lamp bead, 5- red-light LED lamp beads, 6- heat-dissipating metal sheets, 7- resin shells, 8- heat emission holes, 9- screw lamp holders, 10- circuit boards.
Embodiment
The utility model is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, herein illustrative examples of the present utility model
And explanation is used for explaining the utility model, but it is not intended as to improper restriction of the present utility model.
As illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, a kind of tea place Special hoist enemy friendly insect attraction light source, the light source lamp-type are corn type, including PC
Lampshade 1, LED lamp bead group, LED-baseplate, heat-dissipating metal sheet 6, resin shell 7, circuit board 10 and screw lamp holder 9.LED lamp bead group is welded
It is connected in LED-baseplate, LED-baseplate is fixed on heat-dissipating metal sheet 6, and heat-dissipating metal sheet 6 is provided with heat emission hole 8, heat-dissipating metal sheet 6
Be fixed in the resin shell 7 of insulation, circuit board 10 is fixed in resin shell 7, the both ends of circuit board 10 connect respectively LED lamp bead group and
Screw lamp holder 9, the heat-dissipating metal sheet 6 for being fixed with LED lamp bead group are protected by PC lampshades 1.
LED-baseplate includes 6 side LED-baseplates 201 and 1 top surface LED-baseplate 202, between side LED-baseplate 201
It is 60 ° to set angle, and six sides of top surface LED-baseplate 202 are corresponding with side LED-baseplate 201.LED lamp bead group includes purple LED
Lamp bead 3, blue-ray LED lamp bead 4 and red-light LED lamp bead 5.Alternately it is uniformly arranged in side LED-baseplate 201 and top surface LED-baseplate 202
Purple LED lamp bead 3, blue-ray LED lamp bead 4 and red-light LED lamp bead 5, purple LED lamp bead 3:Blue-ray LED lamp bead 4:Red-light LED lamp bead
5 quantity ratio is 3:3:1.
Purple LED lamp bead 3, blue-ray LED lamp bead 4 are set along its length as preferred structure, in side LED-baseplate 201
With red-light LED lamp bead 5, purple LED lamp bead 3, blue-ray LED lamp bead 4 and red-light LED lamp bead 5 are arranged alternately, purple LED lamp bead 3:
Blue-ray LED lamp bead 4:The quantity ratio of red-light LED lamp bead 5 is 3:3:1.Red-light LED lamp bead 5 is set among top surface LED-baseplate 202,
Purple LED lamp bead 3 and blue-ray LED lamp bead 4, i.e. purple LED lamp bead 3 and indigo plant are arranged alternately on six sides of top surface LED-baseplate 202
Light LED lamp bead 4 is arranged alternately around red-light LED lamp bead 5.
Embodiment one：The spectral region screening of natural enemy friendly insect attraction light source
The main phototaxis insect in 1 tea place and the investigation of Dominant Natural Enemies caste
Using full spectrum fluorescent fluorescent tube（350nm~650nm）As insect attraction light source, gathered once every 10 days in tea place
Become light insect（March-November）, the tea place phototaxis insect that mainly traps and the type and quantity of natural enemy insect.
2 indoor bioassay, it is unglazed for control, measure tea place using the LED light source of different spectral regions as processing
Phototaxis insect and natural enemy insect test insect population test quantity and are more than 40 to the taxis of the narrow ripple LED light source of different wave length every time,
Reaction time is 1 minute, and each processing is repeated 4 times, and the population number in light source processing region is counted after off-test, and calculate
Trend rate：
The insect population number of trend rate=treatment region/test worm sum × 100%
3 sum to the trend rate of tea place primary pest under different spectral regions and natural enemy insect respectively（Common trend
Rate）, screen to tea place primary pest with stronger attractability and to natural enemy insect with refusing keeping away property compared with weak attractiveness or more by force
Spectrum, obtain the spectral region of natural enemy friendly insect attraction light source.
4 results and analysis
As a result as shown in figure 3, in purple light（380nm~390nm）In spectral region, the trend rate of tea tree primary pest is most
Height, based on lepidoptera pest, in blue light（410nm~420nm）In spectral region, the trend rate of tea tree primary pest is only second to
Purple light, based on Hemipteran pest；In whole biologicall test reaction, natural enemy insect is to ultraviolet light（350nm~380nm）Become
To rate highest, feux rouges（600nm~610nm）Spectral region shows to refuse keeping away property, therefore natural enemy to a variety of Hymenoptera natural enemy insects
The spectral region of friendly insect attraction light source is purple light（380nm~390nm）, blue light（410nm~420nm）, feux rouges（600nm~
610nm）.
Embodiment two：The optimal number of natural enemy friendly 3 kinds of LED lamp beads of insect attraction light source is than the lamp-type screening with insect attraction light source
1 respectively with purple light:Blue light:The quantity ratio of red-light LED lamp bead is 3:3:1、3:3:2、1:1:1 requirement makes 3 kinds
LED insect attraction light sources（Unified lamp-type）, turned on light at night and trap insect in tea place, next day counts and contrasted the caste trapped
And quantity, experiment are repeated 6 times；
2 on the basis of step 1, respectively with purple light:Blue light:The quantity ratio of red-light LED lamp bead is 3:3:1 requirement makes
The LED insect attraction light sources of 3 kinds of different lamp-type（Corn type, ball alveolitoid and cast）, turned on light at night and trap insect in tea place, next day system
Count and contrast the caste trapped and quantity, experiment is repeated 6 times；
3 results and analysis
As a result as shown in Figure 4 A, purple light:Blue light:The quantity ratio of red-light LED lamp bead is 3:3:When 1, insect attraction light source is trapped
The number of pest highest arrived（P<0.05）, between 3 kinds of ratio processing of the amount of trapping of natural enemy and there was no significant difference；Fig. 4 B are shown
As a result different lamp-type show insect and natural enemy quantity that the light source of corn type and cast traps to the trap effect of Insects in Tea Gardens
It is all remarkably higher than ball alveolitoid light source（P<0.05）, in view of ball alveolitoid light source is few to the amount of trapping of insect, and corn type light source pair
The applicability of different insect disinfestation devices is wider, therefore corn type is more suitable for the lamp-type of insect attraction light source.
Embodiment three：Natural enemy friendly insect attraction light source effect research application example
1 is verifies the effect of natural enemy friendly insect attraction light source, respectively in Hangzhou West Lake area, Shaoxing Yuecheng District, Shaoxing Shengzhou
Tea place carry out Insects in Tea Gardens trapping test, control using suspension in local tea place trapping lamp.Hanged in Hangzhou West Lake area tea place
The control trapping lamp of extension is that fluorescent lamp/wind inhales insect disinfestation device combination, and the control trapping lamp hung in the tea place of Shaoxing Yuecheng District is glimmering
Light lamp/power network insect disinfestation device combines, and the control trapping lamp hung in the tea place of Shengzhou combines for fluorescent lamp/basin insect disinfestation device, Hangzhoupro
Processing inhales insect disinfestation device combination, the processing of Shaoxing Yuecheng District tea place using natural enemy friendly insect attraction light source/wind in the tea place of state Xihu District
Using the combination of natural enemy friendly insect attraction light source/power network insect disinfestation device, in the tea place of Shengzhou processing use natural enemy friendly insect attraction light source/
Basin insect disinfestation device combines.Experiment sets 6 repetitions altogether, is spaced more than 30m, Hangzhou West Lake area tea place is opened respectively in summer and autumn
Exhibition is once tested, and experiment is carried out in Shaoxing Shengzhou and Yuecheng District tea place in the fall respectively, and turn on light 12h after darkness, next day experiment knot
Counted after beam and contrast the type and quantity of Insects in Tea Gardens in each trapping lamp.
2 results and analysis
2.1 Hangzhou West Lake area summers tested
As a result as shown in Figure 5A, the number of pest and control that the trapping lamp of outfit natural enemy friendly insect attraction light source is traped are killed
Worm lamp is compared to there was no significant difference, but the quantity of natural enemy insect and non-target insect significantly reduces, wherein the number of natural enemy insect
Amount reduces 36.3% than control, and non-target insect reduces 36.8% than control.
2.2 Hangzhou West Lake area autumns tested
As a result as shown in Figure 5 B, the number of pest that the trapping lamp of outfit natural enemy friendly insect attraction light source is traped is killed compared with control
Worm lamp improves 27.6%, but and the quantity of natural enemy insect and non-target insect significantly reduce, the wherein quantity of natural enemy insect
48.5% is reduced than control, non-target insect reduces 29.3% than control trapping lamp.
2.3 Shaoxing Yuecheng District autumns tested
As a result as shown in Figure 5 C, the insect number traped of trapping lamp for being equipped with natural enemy friendly insect attraction light source is significantly higher than pair
According to trapping lamp（P< 0.05）, trapping quantity improves 19.6%, and the trapping quantity of natural enemy insect and non-target insect significantly drops
Low, wherein the quantity of natural enemy insect reduces 43.3% than control, and non-target insect reduces 39.6% than control.
2.4 Shaoxing Shengzhou autumns tested
As a result as shown in Figure 5 D, the number of pest that the trapping lamp of outfit natural enemy friendly insect attraction light source is traped is significantly higher than
Compare trapping lamp（P< 0.05）, trapping quantity improves 18.1%, and the trapping quantity of natural enemy insect and non-target insect significantly drops
Low, wherein the quantity of natural enemy insect reduces 42.6% than control, and non-target insect reduces 49.3% than control.
Finally it should be noted that：Various embodiments above is only to illustrate the technical solution of the utility model, rather than it is limited
System；Although the utility model is described in detail with reference to foregoing embodiments, one of ordinary skill in the art should
Understand：It can still modify to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, either to which part or whole
Technical characteristic carries out equivalent substitution；And these modifications or replacement, the essence of appropriate technical solution is departed from this practicality newly
The scope of each embodiment technical scheme of type.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of tea place Special hoist opposes friendly insect attraction light source, the light source lamp-type is corn type, including PC lampshades（1）, LED lamp bead
Group, LED-baseplate, heat-dissipating metal sheet（6）, resin shell（7）, circuit board（10）And screw lamp holder（9）, it is characterised in that：It is described
LED-baseplate include 6 side LED-baseplates（201）With 1 top surface LED-baseplate（202）, described side LED-baseplate（201）
Between setting angle be 60 °, described top surface LED-baseplate（202）Six sides and side LED-baseplate（201）It is corresponding, it is described
LED lamp bead group include purple LED lamp bead（3）, blue-ray LED lamp bead（4）With red-light LED lamp bead（5）,
Described side LED-baseplate（201）With top surface LED-baseplate（202）Upper alternating is uniformly arranged purple LED lamp bead（3）, blue light
LED lamp bead（4）With red-light LED lamp bead（5）, described purple LED lamp bead（3）:Blue-ray LED lamp bead（4）:Red-light LED lamp bead（5）
Quantity ratio be 3:3:1.
A kind of 2. tea place Special hoist enemy friendly insect attraction light source according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described side
LED-baseplate（201）On purple LED lamp bead is set along its length（3）, blue-ray LED lamp bead（4）With red-light LED lamp bead（5）, it is purple
Light LED lamp bead（3）, blue-ray LED lamp bead（4）With red-light LED lamp bead（5）It is arranged alternately, purple LED lamp bead（3）:Blue LED lamp
Pearl（4）:Red-light LED lamp bead（5）Quantity ratio be 3:3:1.
A kind of 3. tea place Special hoist enemy friendly insect attraction light source according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described top surface
LED-baseplate（202）Centre sets red-light LED lamp bead（5）, top surface LED-baseplate（202）Six sides on be arranged alternately purple LED
Lamp bead（3）With blue-ray LED lamp bead（4）.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201721031069.6U CN207213679U (en) | 2017-08-17 | 2017-08-17 | A kind of tea place Special hoist opposes friendly insect attraction light source |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201721031069.6U CN207213679U (en) | 2017-08-17 | 2017-08-17 | A kind of tea place Special hoist opposes friendly insect attraction light source |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN207213679U true CN207213679U (en) | 2018-04-10 |
Family
ID=61815245
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201721031069.6U Active CN207213679U (en) | 2017-08-17 | 2017-08-17 | A kind of tea place Special hoist opposes friendly insect attraction light source |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN207213679U (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107568177A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2018-01-12 | 中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Tea place Special hoist enemy's friendly insect attraction light source and its spectrum screening and preparation method |
| CN112733317A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-04-30 | 大连工业大学 | Design method of tea garden pest trapping illumination light source |
-
2017
- 2017-08-17 CN CN201721031069.6U patent/CN207213679U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107568177A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2018-01-12 | 中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Tea place Special hoist enemy's friendly insect attraction light source and its spectrum screening and preparation method |
| CN112733317A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-04-30 | 大连工业大学 | Design method of tea garden pest trapping illumination light source |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN107568177A (en) | Tea place Special hoist enemy's friendly insect attraction light source and its spectrum screening and preparation method | |
| CN101661864B (en) | Intelligent insect killing lamp | |
| WO2010081406A1 (en) | Method for targeted trapping and killing insect pests | |
| CN101589701B (en) | Trap lamp special for greenhouse | |
| CN102907402A (en) | Insect pest trap | |
| CN205511787U (en) | Labyrinth triangle -shaped physical disinsection ware | |
| CN206442989U (en) | A kind of trapping lamp | |
| CN207213679U (en) | A kind of tea place Special hoist opposes friendly insect attraction light source | |
| CN203788953U (en) | Light-trap broad-spectrum multi-layer power grid efficient insecticidal lamp | |
| CN104161024A (en) | Insect trap and method for trapping insects | |
| CN201674901U (en) | LED trapping lamp | |
| CN205409255U (en) | Agricultural solar pest killing lamp | |
| CN102673199A (en) | Method for trapping and killing athetis lepigone by insect-killing lamp | |
| CN203827920U (en) | Insecticidal lamp special for scarabs | |
| AU2020104002A4 (en) | Double-wave lamp trapping insect device | |
| CN202085621U (en) | Broad-spectrum three-color light-emitting diode (LED) combined insect-trapping lamp | |
| CN103783011A (en) | Light-luring broad-spectrum multi-layer power grid high-efficiency insecticidal lamp | |
| CN213427919U (en) | Multi-light-source multi-angle luring trap for appearance of coccinella septempunctata | |
| CN103798207A (en) | Lamplight trapping and killing pest lamp capable of misleading pests and keeping pests in lamp | |
| CN205902685U (en) | Novel formula solar pest killing lamp is traped to broad -spectrum | |
| CN103783012A (en) | Efficient insect pest light trapping and killing lamp with air route missing and retention | |
| CN108207846A (en) | A kind of grape eats into fruit moth adult method for entrapping | |
| CN102077817B (en) | Trap lamp coating powder, trap lamp manufactured by same and method for manufacturing trap lamp | |
| CN205830861U (en) | Use the Deinsectization street lamp of Electrostatic Absorption insect-killing device | |
| CN206629817U (en) | A kind of integral LED trapping lamp |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| EE01 | Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract |
Assignee: ZHEJIANG TOP CLOUD-AGRI TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD. Assignor: TEA Research Institute CHINESE ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2022330000170 Denomination of utility model: A special natural enemy friendly insect trapping light source for tea garden Granted publication date: 20180410 License type: Common License Record date: 20220608 |
|
| EE01 | Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract |