CN207082860U - A kind of double-deck active equalization circuit based on multi input conversion - Google Patents
A kind of double-deck active equalization circuit based on multi input conversion Download PDFInfo
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- CN207082860U CN207082860U CN201720158344.4U CN201720158344U CN207082860U CN 207082860 U CN207082860 U CN 207082860U CN 201720158344 U CN201720158344 U CN 201720158344U CN 207082860 U CN207082860 U CN 207082860U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of double-deck active equalization circuit based on multi input conversion, including microcontroller, bottom balanced unit, top layer balanced unit and switching relay, microcontroller send all the way pwm signal control the alternation of bottom balanced unit be charged and discharged state, realize the balancing energy between adjacent monomer.Microcontroller sends the control top layer balanced unit alternation of two-way identical pwm signal in the state of charging and discharging, realizes the balancing energy between adjacent block.Microcontroller sends the switching of double switch signal control relay, controls the balanced active direction of energy between adjacent block.The utility model is effectively improved between battery cell, the inconsistency between battery module, overcomes the problem of traditional equalizing circuit equalization efficiency is low, balancing speed is slow, modularization extension is difficult.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of double-deck active equalization circuit and implementation method based on multi input conversion.
Background technology
It is the important channel for solving the energy and environmental crisis that extensive development new-energy automobile, which establishes green traffic system, I
Government of state pays much attention to always and strength helps the research and development and industrialization of new-energy automobile.In May, 2015, the Chinese government implemented
《Made in China 2025》Promulgated with 2016《The 13rd five-year-plan outline of national economy and social development》, continuing will be new
Energy automobile is classified as Major Strategic development field and strategic industry.2016, China's new-energy automobile sales volume reached 50.7
Ten thousand, increase by 53% on a year-on-year basis, market scale is sure to occupy the whole world first, and new-energy automobile recoverable amount has broken through 1,000,000.Realize high
Effect, energy-conservation, the new-energy automobile of cleaning replace traditional fuel-engined vehicle, can not only successfully manage choosing for global energy and environment
War, and China shortens and advanced automobile power gap, the inevitable choice for realizing auto industry sustainable development.
The significant development opportunity of new-energy automobile has driven electrokinetic cell and its upgrading of industries and fast development.Wherein
Lithium ion battery (containing cobalt acid lithium, LiMn2O4, ternary material and ferric phosphate lithium cell) with its high-energy-density, low self-discharge rate and
The advantages that long-life, turn into fastest developing speed at present, the new-energy automobile power battery that prospect is best.China's lithium-ion electric in 2015
Pond yield is 56.0 hundred million, increases by 3.1% on a year-on-year basis；In Jan-Sept, 2016, yield reach 52.4 hundred million, increase by 32.8% on a year-on-year basis.State
Border authority's iea expects the year two thousand twenty whole world lithium ion battery market scale will be more than 200,000,000 kilowatt hours, average annual compound increasing
Long rate about 25%, market development potential is huge.
Though the individual event performance indications of domestic lithium ion battery can match in excellence or beauty with Foreign Advanced Lerel, overall objective is relatively low, especially
It is to be wanting in battery consistency and life-span away from larger, so as to cause high using rear cost in groups and short life, is had a strong impact on
Its security, continual mileage and power performance etc., it has also become restrict electric vehicle industrialization and practical bottleneck.In order to electricity
Electrical automobile provides enough driving forces, and power battery pack generally requires hundreds and thousands of section cell connection in series-parallel compositions.Monomer electricity
The difference of the factor such as temperature, self discharge degree during the inconsistent and use of pond inherent parameters, battery cell can be caused electric
The inconsistency of the parameters such as pressure, capacity, the active volume of battery pack is had a strong impact on, shortened the service life of battery pack.Solution
Certainly the direct approach of electrokinetic cell inconsistency is balancing energy, and it is by the way that the portion of energy in high-energy monomer or module is disappeared
Consume or be transferred in low energy monomer or module, realize the overall balanced management of battery pack.
The research of balancing technique is mainly deployed in terms of balanced topological structure with Balance route strategy two.In equilibrium
In topology, currently existing scheme emerges in an endless stream, and can be divided into the passive balanced and major class of active equalization two.Efficiency high, knot are laid particular emphasis at present
Structure control is relatively easy, cost is low, is easy to modular balanced topology design with improving, and the classification for also relating to battery pack is equal
Weighing apparatus and the research of balanced modeling analysis.Passive equalization methods are generally not suitable for being applied in lithium-ion battery systems, in recent years equal
Weighing apparatus technique study is concentrated mainly in the research of active equalization method.Active equalization can be divided into energy-dissipating and the non-consumption of energy again
Dissipate the class of type two.Conventional dissipative equalization circuit falls energy unnecessary in battery pack by by-pass switch and resistance consumption, possesses
It is simple in construction, be easy to modular advantage, but energy consumption is higher, and equalization efficiency is low.The heating problem that energy consumption is brought simultaneously aggravates
The heat management burden of battery pack, it is therefore desirable to be any limitation as to equal power.The balanced electricity of current dissipative equalization circuit monomer
Flow control is in hundreds of mA, so that dissipative equalization is not appropriate for high-power, quick charge battery pack balancing.Non- dissipation
Type equalizing circuit is then by the high cell of capacity in battery pack by energy-storage travelling wave tube (electric capacity, inductance, transformer etc.)
Energy transfer to the relatively low cell of Capacity Ratio, or realized between battery pack by DC/DC translation circuits, battery pack with
Energy transfer between battery cell and between battery cell.Its equalization efficiency is of a relatively high, but controls relative complex, cost
It is higher, it is not easy to realize modularization.
According to the direction of energy flow, the non-balanced and can that dissipates enough is divided into following four：Cell to Cell；Cell to
Module； Module to Cell；Moduleto Module.Cell to Cell balanced mode, energy can directly from
Voltage highest battery cell is transferred to the minimum battery cell of voltage, has a higher equalization efficiency, but battery cell it
Between voltage difference it is smaller, in addition there is conduction voltage drop and cause euqalizing current very little, therefore Cell to Cell in power electronic devices
Balanced mode is not suitable for the electrokinetic cell of Large Copacity.Cell to Module/Module to Cell balanced modes are to realize
Mutually shifted by balanced monomer and the energy of whole module, it is possible to achieve larger equal power.Balanced unit topology typically compared with
For complexity, voltage stress, the current stress of controlling switch can be reduced in high power occasion.Module to Module equilibrium models
Formula is similar with Mell to Mell mode configurations, but the power grade of balanced unit is higher, and topology is generally efficient DC/DC
Converter.
Existing equalization methods common problem：
1) energy consumption is larger, in current various equalization methods, account for conversion energy 15% or so of energy consumption minimum.
2) time for balance is longer, and the equilibrium of charging process takes place mostly in latter stage of charging (SOC=80% or so) to charging
Terminate, the quickening of charging rate proposes new requirement to balancing speed.
3) poor practicability, it is impossible to carry out modularization extension with the increase of battery pack series-connected cell joint number.
Chinese invention patent application (application number 201010572115.X) discloses one kind using discharge resistance to battery list
Body is discharged to realize the circuit of cell balancing, mainly including controller, battery selection circuit and discharge resistance.The hair
The bright magnitude of voltage according to collection determines the dump energy of each battery cell, then controls battery selection circuit that electricity is higher
Battery cell is in parallel with discharge resistance, consumes the electricity of the monomer, so as to realize the electric quantity balancing of battery unit.It will be apparent that
The problem of energy dissipation and heat management be present in this method.
Chinese invention patent application (application number 201120421053.2) discloses a kind of inductive type battery equalizing circuit, should
The public inductance of two adjacent sections battery in circuit, the storage of this inductance are then passed to adjacent compared with the energy of high monomer release
The relatively low monomer of energy, to realize proportionality action.But when battery unit battery cell quantity is more, due to this equalization methods
Energy transmission must be transmission one by one, therefore balancing speed is limited by very large.
Chinese utility model patent application (application number 201210595724.6) proposes a kind of balanced electricity of capacitive battery
Road, the circuit share an electric capacity per two adjacent batteries, and when electric capacity is in parallel with the battery cell that voltage is higher, battery is given
Electric capacity charges；When electric capacity is in parallel with the battery cell that voltage is relatively low, electric capacity charges the battery.By the charge and discharge of electric capacity, energy
Amount is transferred to the relatively low battery cell of voltage from the higher battery cell of voltage, so that its voltage is equal.But when series connection
Battery cell quantity is more, and required balanced electric capacity and switch module and its drive circuit are more, cause circuit bulky,
And when voltage highest and the adjacent multiple monomers of minimum battery, the balanced way of this " passing the flower while the drum is beaten " so that equilibrium effect
Rate can substantially reduce.
The content of the invention
The present invention is in order to solve the above problems, it is proposed that double-deck active equalization electricity of the one kind based on multi input conversion (MIC)
Road and implementation method, the present invention realized by bottom balanced unit and top layer balanced unit it is balanced between monomer in battery pack and
It is balanced between module, overcome the problem of traditional equalizing circuit equalization efficiency is low, balancing speed is slow, modularization extension is difficult.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of double-deck active equalization circuit based on multi input conversion, including microcontroller, bottom balanced unit, top layer are equal
Weighing apparatus unit and switching relay, the microcontroller connect and control the balancing energy of several balancing battery groups, described every
Individual balancing battery group includes four battery modules, and each battery module includes the battery cell of several series connection, per adjacent two
Batteries monomer shares a bottom balanced unit, and each two battery module shares a switching relay, every four battery moulds
Block shares a top layer balanced unit；
The microcontroller sends pwm signal all the way and controls each bottom balanced unit, and bottom is realized by buck conversion
The charging and discharging state of layer balanced unit, realize the balancing energy of two adjacent batteries monomers；Microcontroller sends two-way
Identical pwm signal controls top layer balanced unit, and sends the control switching actuating of relay of double switch signal, passes through positive activation type
The charging and discharging state of top layer balanced unit is realized in conversion, to realize the balancing energy between two adjacent battery modules；
Microcontroller realizes the charging and discharging state of top layer balanced unit by inverse-excitation type conversion, to realize two adjacent battery modules
With the balancing energy between two other adjacent battery modules.
The microcontroller includes analog-to-digital conversion module and pulse width modulation (PWM) signal output part, the analog-to-digital conversion
Module is connected by voltage detecting circuit with each battery cell, and the voltage signal of battery cell is converted into data signal, so as to
Obtain the voltage of battery in battery pack monomer；
The pulse width modulation (PWM) signal output part connects bottom balanced unit by drive circuit and top layer is balanced single
Member, produce corresponding control drive signal.
The bottom balanced unit includes a power inductance L and two series connection metal-oxide-semiconductors, and metal-oxide-semiconductor both ends are parallel with two poles
Pipe, power inductance L one end connect the common port of two cells, and one end connects the common port of two series connection metal-oxide-semiconductors, wherein one
The positive pole of two battery cells of the drain electrode connection series connection of individual metal-oxide-semiconductor, two batteries of the source electrode connection series connection of another metal-oxide-semiconductor
The negative pole of monomer.
The bottom balanced unit is bidirectional equalization device, and by controlling two described metal-oxide-semiconductors to be respectively turned on, energy can be achieved
Amount flows to the low battery cell of voltage from the high battery cell of voltage；The bottom balanced unit pwm signal all the way driving under,
The charging and discharging state of bottom balanced unit is realized by buck conversion, so as to complete the energy of two adjacent batteries monomers
Amount is balanced.
The top layer balanced unit includes the transformer, four metal-oxide-semiconductors, two poles of rectification two of two multi input primary side windings
Pipe and two DPDTs switch relay, and each primary side winding that inputs is connected in series with a metal-oxide-semiconductor, is then connected in series again
In the both positive and negative polarity of a battery module, each vice-side winding one end is connected with commutation diode anode, one end and DPDT after
One end connection of electrical equipment, the other end of dpdt relay and the negative electrode of commutation diode connect.
The top layer balanced unit is under the control of double switch signal, and dpdt relay switches up, transformer pair
Side energy flows to two adjacent battery module M1 and M2；Dpdt relay switches downwards, transformer secondary energy flow direction
The another two of same group of equalizing circuit adjacent battery module M3 and M4.
The top layer balanced unit realizes that top layer is balanced single under the identical pwm signal driving of two-way, by positive activation type conversion
The charging and discharging state of member, so as to complete the balancing energy between two adjacent battery modules.
The top layer balanced unit realizes that top layer is balanced single under the identical pwm signal driving of two-way, by inverse-excitation type conversion
The charging and discharging state of member, so as to complete two adjacent battery modules of each two i.e.：Module (M1+M2) and module (M3+
M4 the balancing energy between).
The top layer balanced unit is unidirectional balanced device, by controlling two metal-oxide-semiconductors of each transformer primary side while leading
It is logical, energy can be achieved and flow to the low module of voltage from the high module of voltage.
A kind of equalization methods based on above-mentioned equalizing circuit, comprise the following steps：
(1) voltage is obtained：For microcontroller by analog-to-digital conversion module, monomer voltage, the module for obtaining power battery pack are electric
Pressure；
(2) it is balanced to judge：Microcontroller according to the battery cell voltage of acquisition, judge whether to meet bottom balanced unit,
The operation condition of top layer balanced unit, equilibrium is carried out if meeting, into step (3)；
(3) carry out balanced：Microprocessor control bottom balanced unit, its alternation is set to be charged and discharged two shapes
State, complete the energy transmission between battery cell；Microprocessor control top layer balanced unit, its alternation is set to charge and put
Electric two states, complete the energy transmission between battery module；
(4) close balanced：Microcontroller calculates the electricity of two adjacent battery cells according to the battery cell voltage of acquisition
Pressure difference, if its difference is less than battery balanced threshold value, bottom balanced unit work corresponding to closing；Microcontroller is according to acquisition
Battery module voltages, the voltage difference of four adjacent battery modules is calculated, if its difference is less than battery balanced threshold value, closing pair
The top layer balanced unit work answered.
In the step (2), the voltage difference of two adjacent battery cells is calculated, if its difference is more than battery balanced threshold
Value, then bottom balanced unit work corresponding to startup；Microcontroller calculates same equilibrium according to the battery module voltages of acquisition
The voltage difference of four battery modules of group, if its difference is more than battery balanced threshold value, top layer balanced unit work corresponding to startup
Make.
In the step (3), to start the work of bottom balanced unit, microcontroller is electric according to the battery cell of acquisition
Pressure, judges the high voltage and low-voltage of two adjacent battery cells, pwm signal is sent to the battery cell high with potential
The metal-oxide-semiconductor of connection.
In the step (3), to start the work of top layer balanced unit, microcontroller is electric according to the battery module of acquisition
Pressure, the high voltage and low-voltage of module (M1+M2) and module (M3+M4) are judged, if its difference switches downwards more than relay
Threshold value, then pwm signal is sent to the metal-oxide-semiconductor of module (M1+M2) connection, if its difference is less than the threshold that switches downwards of relay
Value, then pwm signal is sent respectively to the metal-oxide-semiconductor of modules connection.
The present invention operation principle be：
Microcontroller obtains each monomer voltage of battery pack by analog-to-digital conversion module, and then to two adjacent batteries lists
Bulk voltage is compared, it is determined that need balanced adjacent cell monomer, and judge high voltage person and low-voltage person；Then, it is micro-
Controller sends pwm signal control bottom balanced unit work all the way, its alternation is being charged and discharged two states, from
And energy is transferred to low-voltage person from the high voltage person in adjacent battery cell.At the same time, microcontroller turns by modulus
Block is changed the mold, obtains each module voltage of battery pack, and then adjacent battery module voltages are compared, it is determined that needing balanced electricity
Pond module, and judge high voltage person and low-voltage person；Then, it is equal to send the identical pwm signal control top layer of two-way for microcontroller
Weigh cell operation, its alternation is being charged and discharged two states, so as to which energy is electric from the height in adjacent battery modules
Pressure person is transferred to low-voltage person.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
(1) can realize between battery cell adjacent in battery pack, the fast uniform between adjacent battery module, tool
There is higher equalization efficiency；
(2) solve the voltage problem of inconsistency between each module of battery pack, realize that battery pack is overall balanced；
(3) the problem of traditional equalizing circuit equalization efficiency is low, balancing speed is slow, modularization extension is difficult is overcome.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 converts the double-deck active equalization circuit of (MIC) based on multi input for the present invention and the composition of implementation method shows
It is intended to；
Fig. 2 is the composition schematic diagram of the bottom equalizing circuit of the present invention；
Fig. 3 (a), Fig. 3 (b) are the bottom equalizing circuit of the present invention in V0>V1When charged state and discharge condition work it is former
Reason figure；
Fig. 4 (a), Fig. 4 (b) are the bottom equalizing circuit of the present invention in V1>V0When charged state and discharge condition work it is former
Reason figure；
Fig. 5 is the composition schematic diagram of the top layer equalizing circuit of the present invention；
Fig. 6 (a), Fig. 6 (b) be the top layer equalizing circuit of the present invention switch up in dpdt relay Ta, VM1>VM2
When charged state and discharge condition fundamental diagram；
Fig. 7 (a), Fig. 7 (b) be the top layer equalizing circuit of the present invention switch downwards in dpdt relay Ta, VM1+M2>
VM3+M4When charged state and discharge condition fundamental diagram；
Fig. 8 is the bottom equalizing circuit of the present invention in V0>V1When charging and discharging currents i and control signal PWM simulation waveform
Figure；
Fig. 9 is the bottom equalizing circuit of the present invention in V0>V1When balanced voltage design sketch is carried out to adjacent cell monomer；
Figure 10 be the top layer equalizing circuit of the present invention switch up in dpdt relay Ta, VM1>VM2When discharge and recharge electricity
Flow i and control signal PWM simulation waveform；
Figure 11 be the top layer equalizing circuit of the present invention switch up in dpdt relay Ta, VM1>VM2When to adjacent electricity
Pond module carries out balanced voltage design sketch；
Figure 12 be the top layer equalizing circuit of the present invention switch downwards in dpdt relay Ta, VM1+M2>VM3+M4When charge and discharge
Electric current i and control signal PWM simulation waveform；
Figure 13 be the top layer equalizing circuit of the present invention switch downwards in dpdt relay Ta, VM1+M2>VM3+M4When to phase
Adjacent battery module carries out balanced voltage design sketch.
Embodiment：
The invention will be further described with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of double-deck active equalization circuit based on multi input conversion (MIC), including microcontroller, bottom
Balanced unit, top layer balanced unit and switching relay.A bottom balanced unit is shared per two adjacent batteries monomers；
One module is in series by several battery cells, and every four modules share a top layer balanced unit and two switching relays
Device；Microcontroller sends pwm signal all the way and controls a bottom balanced unit, and bottom balanced unit is realized by buck conversion
Charging and discharging state, so as to complete the balancing energy of two adjacent batteries monomers；Microcontroller sends the identical PWM of two-way
Signal controls a top layer balanced unit, and sends the switching of double switch signal control relay, is converted and realized by positive activation type
The charging and discharging state of top layer balanced unit, so as to complete the balancing energy between two adjacent modules；Microcontroller is sent out
Send two-way pwm signal to control a top layer balanced unit, and send the switching of double switch signal control relay, pass through inverse-excitation type
The charging and discharging state of top layer balanced unit is realized in conversion, so as to complete two adjacent blocks and two other adjacent block
Balancing energy.
The microcontroller includes analog-to-digital conversion module and pulse width modulation (PWM) signal output part, wherein the modulus
Modular converter, it is connected by voltage detecting circuit with battery cell, for the voltage signal of battery cell to be converted into digital letter
Number, so as to obtain the voltage of battery in battery pack monomer；
The pulse width modulation (PWM) signal output part connects bottom balanced unit by drive circuit and top layer is balanced single
Member, for producing the control drive signal of metal-oxide-semiconductor switch；
The bottom balanced unit includes a power inductance L and two series connection metal-oxide-semiconductors, metal-oxide-semiconductor both ends parallel diode.
Power inductance L one end connects the common port of two cells, and one end connects the common port of two series connection metal-oxide-semiconductors.One MOS
The positive pole of two battery cells of the drain electrode connection series connection of pipe, two battery cells of the source electrode connection series connection of a metal-oxide-semiconductor
Negative pole.
The bottom balanced unit realizes bottom balanced unit under the driving of pwm signal all the way, by buck conversion
Charging and discharging state, so as to complete the balancing energy of two adjacent batteries monomers.
The bottom balanced unit is bidirectional equalization device, and by controlling two described metal-oxide-semiconductors to be respectively turned on, energy can be achieved
Amount flows to the low battery cell of voltage from the high battery cell of voltage.
The top layer balanced unit includes the transformer, four metal-oxide-semiconductors, two poles of rectification two of two multi input primary side windings
Pipe and two DPDTs switch relay.Each input primary side winding is connected in series with a metal-oxide-semiconductor, is then connected in series again
In the both positive and negative polarity of a module.Each vice-side winding one end is connected with commutation diode anode, one end and dpdt relay
One end connection, the negative electrode of the other end of dpdt relay and commutation diode connects.
The top layer balanced unit is under the control of double switch signal, and dpdt relay Ta is switched up, transformer
Secondary energy flows to module M1 and module M2；Dpdt relay Ta switches downwards, and transformer secondary energy flows to module M3
With module M4.
The top layer balanced unit realizes that top layer is balanced single under the identical pwm signal driving of two-way, by positive activation type conversion
The charging and discharging state of member, so as to complete the balancing energy between two adjacent modules.
The top layer balanced unit realizes that top layer is balanced single under the identical pwm signal driving of two-way, by inverse-excitation type conversion
The charging and discharging state of member, so as to complete the balancing energy between module (M1+M2) and module (M3+M4).
The top layer balanced unit is unidirectional balanced device, by controlling two metal-oxide-semiconductors of each transformer primary side while leading
It is logical, energy can be achieved and flow to the low module of voltage from the high module of voltage.
Implementation method, comprise the following steps：
(1) voltage is obtained：For microcontroller by analog-to-digital conversion module, monomer voltage, the module for obtaining power battery pack are electric
Pressure；
(2) it is balanced to judge：Microcontroller calculates the electricity of two adjacent battery cells according to the battery cell voltage of acquisition
Pressure difference, if its difference is more than battery balanced threshold value, bottom balanced unit work corresponding to startup；Microcontroller is according to acquisition
Battery module voltages, the voltage difference of four adjacent battery modules is calculated, if its difference is more than battery balanced threshold value, startup pair
The top layer balanced unit work answered；
(3) open balanced：To start the work of bottom balanced unit, microcontroller according to the battery cell voltage of acquisition,
Judge the high voltage and low-voltage of two adjacent battery cells, pwm signal is sent to and connected with the high battery cell of potential
The metal-oxide-semiconductor connect.To start the work of top layer balanced unit, microcontroller judges module according to the battery module voltages of acquisition
(M1+M2) with the high voltage and low-voltage of module (M3+M4), if its difference is more than the threshold value that relay switches downwards, by PWM
Signal is sent to the metal-oxide-semiconductor of module (M1+M2) connection.If its difference is less than the threshold value that relay switches downwards, by pwm signal
It is sent respectively to the metal-oxide-semiconductor of modules connection.
(4) energy transmission：Microprocessor control bottom balanced unit, its alternation is set to be charged and discharged two shapes
State, complete the energy transmission between battery cell；Microprocessor control top layer balanced unit, its alternation is set to charge and put
Electric two states, complete the energy transmission between battery module.
(5) close balanced：Microcontroller calculates the electricity of two adjacent battery cells according to the battery cell voltage of acquisition
Pressure difference, if its difference is less than battery balanced threshold value, bottom balanced unit work corresponding to closing；Microcontroller is according to acquisition
Battery module voltages, the voltage difference of four adjacent battery modules is calculated, if its difference is less than battery balanced threshold value, closing pair
The top layer balanced unit work answered.
With the battery cell B of adjacent series connection0、B1, exemplified by module M1, M2, M3, M4 of adjacent series connection, chatted in detail
State.
As shown in figure 1, to convert the composition signal of the double-deck active equalization circuit of (MIC) and implementation method based on multi input
Figure, the microcontroller of equalizing circuit are selected high-speed digital video camera chip DSP (TMS320F28335), adopted with high-precision AD
Sample and multi-channel PWM output；Voltage detecting circuit is using the LTC6804 specialized voltages measurement chip of Linear Tech, and measurement is electric in real time
Voltages of the Chi Zuzhong per batteries.Each module includes several battery cells, and a bottom is shared per two neighboring battery cell
Layer balanced unit；Every four modules (M1, M2, M3, M4) share a top layer balanced unit.
The composition schematic diagram of bottom equalizing circuit is illustrated in figure 2, the microcontroller of bottom balanced unit selects high speed number
Word signal processing chip DSP (TMS320F28335), there is high-precision AD sampling and multi-channel PWM output；B0、B1Two battery lists
Body shares a bottom balanced unit.One bottom balanced unit is by two metal-oxide-semiconductor S1、S2, two diode D1、D2With one
Inductance L1Composition.Metal-oxide-semiconductor S1、S2From the low-power consumption 80NF70 of fairchild, parallel diode D1、D2From the Xiao Te of low conducting internal resistance
Based diode, inductance L1From low ESR power inductance.S1、S2Series connection, S1Drain electrode connection B0Positive pole, S2Source electrode connects B1's
Negative pole, L1One end connection cell B0、B1Common port, the other end connection series connection S1、 S2Common port.Metal-oxide-semiconductor S1、S2
Controlled respectively by the two-way PWM drive signal from DSP.
Bottom equalizing circuit is in V0>V1When charged state and discharge condition fundamental diagram, due to B0Voltage is higher than B1,
Therefore energy is by B0It is transferred to B1。
As shown in Fig. 3 (a), be bottom equalizing circuit in V0>V1When B0The fundamental diagram of discharge condition, now S1Conducting,
S2Shut-off, passes through L1Electric current linear rise, L1Store energy.
As shown in Fig. 3 (b), be bottom equalizing circuit in V0>V1When B1The fundamental diagram of charged state, now S1、S2
Shut-off, passes through L1Electric current linear decline, L1Release energy, charging current flows through diode D2.By the one of bottom balanced unit
Individual charge and discharge process, by B0Energy part be transferred to B1, so as to realize portfolio effect.
Bottom equalizing circuit is in V1>V0When charged state and discharge condition fundamental diagram, due to B1Voltage is higher than B0,
Therefore energy is by B1It is transferred to B0。
As shown in Fig. 4 (a), be bottom equalizing circuit in V1>V0When B1The fundamental diagram of discharge condition, now S2Conducting,
S1Shut-off, passes through L1Electric current linear rise, L1Store energy.
As shown in Fig. 4 (b), be bottom equalizing circuit in V1>V0When B0The fundamental diagram of charged state, now S1、S2
Shut-off, passes through L1Electric current linear decline, L1Release energy, charging current flows through diode D1.By the one of bottom balanced unit
Individual charge and discharge process, by B1Energy part be transferred to B0, so as to realize portfolio effect.
It is illustrated in figure 5 the composition schematic diagram of top layer equalizing circuit.Top layer balanced unit include two multi input primary sides around
Transformer Ta, Tb of group, four metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, two commutation diodes Da, Db and two DPDTs switchings after
Electrical equipment Sa, Sb.Ta primary side winding one end is connected with Q1 drain electrodes, and the other end is connected with module M1 positive pole, Q1 source electrodes and
Module M1 negative pole connection.Ta another primary side winding one end connects with Q2 drain electrodes, and the positive pole of the other end and module M2 connects
Connect, Q2 source electrodes are connected with module M2 negative pole.Ta vice-side winding one end is connected with commutation diode Da anode, one end with it is double
Dpdt double-pole double-throw (DPDT) relay Sa one end connection, the Sa other end and Da negative electrode connect.Dpdt relay Sa is switched up,
It is connected with the both positive and negative polarity after module M1 and module M2 series connection, Sa switches downwards, the both positive and negative polarity after being connected with module M3 and module M4
Connection.Tb primary side winding one end is connected with Q3 drain electrodes, and the other end is connected with module M3 positive pole, Q3 source electrodes and module
M3 negative pole connection.Tb another primary side winding one end is connected with Q4 drain electrodes, and the other end is connected with module M4 positive pole, Q4 sources
Pole is connected with module M4 negative pole.Tb vice-side winding one end is connected with commutation diode Db anode, one end and DPDT
Relay Sb one end connection, the Sb other end and Db negative electrode connect.Dpdt relay Sb is switched up, with module
Both positive and negative polarity after M3 connects with module M4 connects, and Sb switches downwards, is connected with the both positive and negative polarity after module M1 and module M2 series connection.
Metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 are respectively by the four road PWM drive signal controls from DSP, and relay Sa, Sb are respectively by from DSP's
Double switch signal controls.
Top layer equalizing circuit is switched up in dpdt relay Ta, VM1>VM2When charged state and discharge condition work
Make schematic diagram, because M1 voltages are higher than M2, therefore energy is transferred to M2 by M1.
As shown in Fig. 6 (a), for top layer equalizing circuit switched up in dpdt relay Ta, VM1>VM2When M1 put
Electricity, M2 charging fundamental diagram, now Q1, Q2 simultaneously turn on, Q3, Q4 shut-off, the electric current line for the primary side winding being connected with Q1
Property it is positive rise, store energy；The electric current linear inverse for the primary side winding being connected with Q2 rises, and releases energy.
As shown in Fig. 6 (b), for top layer equalizing circuit switched up in dpdt relay Ta, VM1>VM2When M1 fill
Electricity, M2 charging fundamental diagram, now Q1, Q2 simultaneously turn off, Q3, Q4 shut-off, the electric current linear decline of Ta vice-side windings, release
Put dump energy.By a charge and discharge process of top layer balanced unit, M1 energy part is transferred to M2, so as to realize
Weigh effect.
Top layer equalizing circuit switches downwards in dpdt relay Ta, VM1+M2>VM3+M4When charged state and discharge condition
Fundamental diagram, because (M1+M2) voltage is higher than (M3+M4), therefore energy is transferred to (M3+M4) by (M1+M2).
As shown in Fig. 7 (a), for top layer equalizing circuit switch downwards in dpdt relay Ta, VM1+M2>VM3+M4When
The fundamental diagram of M1, M2 electric discharge, now Q1, Q2 simultaneously turn on, Q3, Q4 shut-off, the electric current of Ta two windings of primary side is linear
It is positive to rise, store energy.
As shown in Fig. 7 (b), for top layer equalizing circuit switch downwards in dpdt relay Ta, VM1+M2>VM3+M4When
M3, M4 charging fundamental diagram, now Q1, Q2 simultaneously turn off, Q3, Q4 shut-off, the electric current linear decline of Ta vice-side windings, release
Exoergic amount.By a charge and discharge process of top layer balanced unit, the energy part of (M1+M2) is transferred to (M3+M4), so as to
Realize portfolio effect.
As shown in figure 8, for bottom equalizing circuit in V0>Charging and discharging currents i and control signal PWM simulation waveform during V1
Figure, as seen from the figure, in the balancing procedure of one group of adjacent monomer, the conducting shut-off of pwm signal control metal-oxide-semiconductor all the way, B0
Discharge current i0、B1Charge electric current i1Cyclically-varying, energy is realized by B0It is transferred to B1。
Bottom equalizing circuit is illustrated in figure 9 in V0>Balanced voltage design sketch is carried out during V1 to adjacent cell monomer, when
Battery cell initial voltage is respectively B0=3.60V, during B1=3.55V, approximately passes through 33s time, equalizing circuit causes phase
The voltage difference of adjacent battery cell realizes good portfolio effect close to 0.
As shown in Figure 10, switched up for top layer equalizing circuit in dpdt relay Ta, VM1>VM2When discharge and recharge electricity
I and control signal PWM simulation waveform is flowed, as seen from the figure, in the balancing procedure of one group of adjacent block, two-way is identical
Pwm signal control metal-oxide-semiconductor conducting shut-off, M1 discharge currents IP1, M2 charging currents IP2, the Ta secondary winding current Is cycles
Property change, realize energy and M2 be transferred to by M1.
Switched up as shown in figure 11 for top layer equalizing circuit in dpdt relay Ta, VM1>VM2When to adjacent cell
Module carries out balanced voltage design sketch, when battery module initial voltage is respectively M1=7.028V, during M2=7.082V, M1's
Voltage is gradually reduced, and M2 voltage is gradually increasing, and realizes good portfolio effect.
As shown in figure 12, switch downwards in dpdt relay Ta for top layer equalizing circuit, VM1+M2>VM3+M4When charge and discharge
Electric current i and control signal PWM simulation waveform, as seen from the figure, in the equal of module (M1+M2) and module (M3+M4)
During weighing apparatus, the conducting shut-off of two-way identical pwm signal control metal-oxide-semiconductor, the discharge current I of Ta primary side windingsP, Ta secondary
Winding current Is cyclically-varyings, realize energy and be transferred to (M3+M4) by (M1+M2).
Switch downwards in dpdt relay Ta for top layer equalizing circuit as shown in figure 13, VM1+M2>VM3+M4When to adjacent
Battery module carries out balanced voltage design sketch, when battery module initial voltage is respectively M1=7.175V, M2=7.175, M3
When=7.07V, M4=7.07V, the voltage of (M1+M2) is gradually reduced, and the voltage of (M3+M4) is gradually increasing, and is realized well
Portfolio effect.
Although above-mentioned the embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to accompanying drawing, model not is protected to the present invention
The limitation enclosed, one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that on the basis of technical scheme those skilled in the art are not
Need to pay various modifications or deformation that creative work can make still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of double-deck active equalization circuit based on multi input conversion, it is characterized in that：It is balanced single including microcontroller, bottom
Member, top layer balanced unit and switching relay, the microcontroller connect and control the energy of several balancing battery groups equal
Weighing apparatus, each balancing battery group include four battery modules, and each battery module includes the battery cell of several series connection, often
Adjacent two batteries monomers share a bottom balanced unit, and each two battery module shares a switching relay, and every four
Individual battery module shares a top layer balanced unit；
The microcontroller sends pwm signal all the way and controls each bottom balanced unit, realizes that bottom is equal by buck conversion
The charging and discharging state of weighing apparatus unit, realize the balancing energy of two adjacent batteries monomers；It is identical that microcontroller sends two-way
Pwm signal controls top layer balanced unit, and sends the control switching actuating of relay of double switch signal, is converted by positive activation type real
The charging and discharging state of existing top layer balanced unit, to realize the balancing energy between two adjacent battery modules；Microcontroller
Device realizes the charging and discharging state of top layer balanced unit by inverse-excitation type conversion, with realize two adjacent battery modules with addition
Balancing energy between two adjacent battery modules.
2. a kind of double-deck active equalization circuit based on multi input conversion as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The micro-control
Device processed includes analog-to-digital conversion module and pulse width modulation (PWM) signal output part, and the analog-to-digital conversion module passes through voltage detecting
Circuit is connected with each battery cell, the voltage signal of battery cell is converted into data signal, so as to obtain battery in battery pack
The voltage of monomer；
The pulse width modulation (PWM) signal output part connects bottom balanced unit and top layer balanced unit by drive circuit,
Produce corresponding control drive signal.
3. a kind of double-deck active equalization circuit based on multi input conversion as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that：The bottom
Balanced unit includes a power inductance L and two series connection metal-oxide-semiconductors, and metal-oxide-semiconductor both ends are parallel with diode, power inductance L one end
The common port of two cells is connected, one end connects the common port of two series connection metal-oxide-semiconductors, and the drain electrode of one of metal-oxide-semiconductor connects
Connect the positive pole of two battery cells of series connection, the negative pole of two battery cells of the source electrode connection series connection of another metal-oxide-semiconductor.
4. a kind of double-deck active equalization circuit based on multi input conversion as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that：The bottom
Balanced unit is bidirectional equalization device, and by controlling two described metal-oxide-semiconductors to be respectively turned on, energy can be achieved from the high battery of voltage
Monomer flows to the low battery cell of voltage；The bottom balanced unit is converted real under the driving of pwm signal all the way by buck
The charging and discharging state of existing bottom balanced unit, so as to complete the balancing energy of two adjacent batteries monomers.
5. a kind of double-deck active equalization circuit based on multi input conversion as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The top layer
Balanced unit includes transformer, four metal-oxide-semiconductors, two commutation diodes and two DPDTs of two multi input primary side windings
Switch relay, each primary side winding that inputs is connected in series with a metal-oxide-semiconductor, is then connected in series in battery module again
Both positive and negative polarity, each vice-side winding one end are connected with commutation diode anode, one end connection of one end and dpdt relay, double
The other end of dpdt double-pole double-throw (DPDT) relay and the negative electrode of commutation diode connect.
6. a kind of double-deck active equalization circuit based on multi input conversion as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that：The top layer
Balanced unit is under the control of double switch signal, and dpdt relay switches up, and transformer secondary energy flows to two phases
Adjacent battery module M1 and M2；Dpdt relay switches downwards, and transformer secondary energy flows to same group of equalizing circuit
Another two adjacent battery module M3 and M4.
7. a kind of double-deck active equalization circuit based on multi input conversion as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The top layer
Balanced unit is unidirectional balanced device, by controlling two metal-oxide-semiconductors of each transformer primary side to simultaneously turn on, realizes energy from voltage
High module flows to the low module of voltage.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201720158344.4U CN207082860U (en) | 2017-02-21 | 2017-02-21 | A kind of double-deck active equalization circuit based on multi input conversion |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201720158344.4U CN207082860U (en) | 2017-02-21 | 2017-02-21 | A kind of double-deck active equalization circuit based on multi input conversion |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112134319A (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2020-12-25 | 山东省科学院自动化研究所 | Energy feedback type echelon battery charging and discharging balancing system and control method thereof |
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2017
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112134319A (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2020-12-25 | 山东省科学院自动化研究所 | Energy feedback type echelon battery charging and discharging balancing system and control method thereof |
| CN112134319B (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2023-09-08 | 山东省科学院自动化研究所 | Energy feedback type echelon battery charge-discharge equalization system and control method thereof |
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