CN207010249U - 一种风电制氢储能的氢燃料复合电池 - Google Patents
一种风电制氢储能的氢燃料复合电池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN207010249U CN207010249U CN201720853961.6U CN201720853961U CN207010249U CN 207010249 U CN207010249 U CN 207010249U CN 201720853961 U CN201720853961 U CN 201720853961U CN 207010249 U CN207010249 U CN 207010249U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen
- wind
- fuel cell
- power
- generation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 216
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 216
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0nMS4wJyBlbmNvZGluZz0naXNvLTg4NTktMSc/Pgo8c3ZnIHZlcnNpb249JzEuMScgYmFzZVByb2ZpbGU9J2Z1bGwnCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM6cmRraXQ9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cucmRraXQub3JnL3htbCcKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSdodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICB4bWw6c3BhY2U9J3ByZXNlcnZlJwp3aWR0aD0nODVweCcgaGVpZ2h0PSc4NXB4JyB2aWV3Qm94PScwIDAgODUgODUnPgo8IS0tIEVORCBPRiBIRUFERVIgLS0+CjxyZWN0IHN0eWxlPSdvcGFjaXR5OjEuMDtmaWxsOiNGRkZGRkY7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmUnIHdpZHRoPSc4NS4wJyBoZWlnaHQ9Jzg1LjAnIHg9JzAuMCcgeT0nMC4wJz4gPC9yZWN0Pgo8cGF0aCBjbGFzcz0nYm9uZC0wIGF0b20tMCBhdG9tLTEnIGQ9J00gNjIuNiw0Mi4wIEwgMjEuMiw0Mi4wJyBzdHlsZT0nZmlsbDpub25lO2ZpbGwtcnVsZTpldmVub2RkO3N0cm9rZTojM0I0MTQzO3N0cm9rZS13aWR0aDoxLjBweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpidXR0O3N0cm9rZS1saW5lam9pbjptaXRlcjtzdHJva2Utb3BhY2l0eToxJyAvPgo8dGV4dCB4PSc2NC4wJyB5PSc1My42JyBjbGFzcz0nYXRvbS0wJyBzdHlsZT0nZm9udC1zaXplOjIzcHg7Zm9udC1zdHlsZTpub3JtYWw7Zm9udC13ZWlnaHQ6bm9ybWFsO2ZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eToxO3N0cm9rZTpub25lO2ZvbnQtZmFtaWx5OnNhbnMtc2VyaWY7dGV4dC1hbmNob3I6c3RhcnQ7ZmlsbDojM0I0MTQzJyA+SDwvdGV4dD4KPHRleHQgeD0nNi4xJyB5PSc1My42JyBjbGFzcz0nYXRvbS0xJyBzdHlsZT0nZm9udC1zaXplOjIzcHg7Zm9udC1zdHlsZTpub3JtYWw7Zm9udC13ZWlnaHQ6bm9ybWFsO2ZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eToxO3N0cm9rZTpub25lO2ZvbnQtZmFtaWx5OnNhbnMtc2VyaWY7dGV4dC1hbmNob3I6c3RhcnQ7ZmlsbDojM0I0MTQzJyA+SDwvdGV4dD4KPC9zdmc+Cg== [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 213
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000011068 load Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0nMS4wJyBlbmNvZGluZz0naXNvLTg4NTktMSc/Pgo8c3ZnIHZlcnNpb249JzEuMScgYmFzZVByb2ZpbGU9J2Z1bGwnCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM6cmRraXQ9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cucmRraXQub3JnL3htbCcKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSdodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICB4bWw6c3BhY2U9J3ByZXNlcnZlJwp3aWR0aD0nODVweCcgaGVpZ2h0PSc4NXB4JyB2aWV3Qm94PScwIDAgODUgODUnPgo8IS0tIEVORCBPRiBIRUFERVIgLS0+CjxyZWN0IHN0eWxlPSdvcGFjaXR5OjEuMDtmaWxsOiNGRkZGRkY7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmUnIHdpZHRoPSc4NS4wJyBoZWlnaHQ9Jzg1LjAnIHg9JzAuMCcgeT0nMC4wJz4gPC9yZWN0Pgo8cGF0aCBjbGFzcz0nYm9uZC0wIGF0b20tMCBhdG9tLTEnIGQ9J00gMjEuNCw0Ny44IEwgNjIuOCw0Ny44JyBzdHlsZT0nZmlsbDpub25lO2ZpbGwtcnVsZTpldmVub2RkO3N0cm9rZTojRTg0MjM1O3N0cm9rZS13aWR0aDoxLjBweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpidXR0O3N0cm9rZS1saW5lam9pbjptaXRlcjtzdHJva2Utb3BhY2l0eToxJyAvPgo8cGF0aCBjbGFzcz0nYm9uZC0wIGF0b20tMCBhdG9tLTEnIGQ9J00gMjEuNCwzNi4yIEwgNjIuOCwzNi4yJyBzdHlsZT0nZmlsbDpub25lO2ZpbGwtcnVsZTpldmVub2RkO3N0cm9rZTojRTg0MjM1O3N0cm9rZS13aWR0aDoxLjBweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpidXR0O3N0cm9rZS1saW5lam9pbjptaXRlcjtzdHJva2Utb3BhY2l0eToxJyAvPgo8dGV4dCB4PSc2LjEnIHk9JzUzLjYnIGNsYXNzPSdhdG9tLTAnIHN0eWxlPSdmb250LXNpemU6MjNweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LXdlaWdodDpub3JtYWw7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6c2Fucy1zZXJpZjt0ZXh0LWFuY2hvcjpzdGFydDtmaWxsOiNFODQyMzUnID5PPC90ZXh0Pgo8dGV4dCB4PSc2NC4wJyB5PSc1My42JyBjbGFzcz0nYXRvbS0xJyBzdHlsZT0nZm9udC1zaXplOjIzcHg7Zm9udC1zdHlsZTpub3JtYWw7Zm9udC13ZWlnaHQ6bm9ybWFsO2ZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eToxO3N0cm9rZTpub25lO2ZvbnQtZmFtaWx5OnNhbnMtc2VyaWY7dGV4dC1hbmNob3I6c3RhcnQ7ZmlsbDojRTg0MjM1JyA+TzwvdGV4dD4KPC9zdmc+Cg== O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Inorganic materials data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000994 depressed Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920001483 poly(ethyl methacrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Inorganic materials data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011030 bottleneck Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052803 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical group data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- VCRYGHPVKURQMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;platinum Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 C.[Pt] VCRYGHPVKURQMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative Effects 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0nMS4wJyBlbmNvZGluZz0naXNvLTg4NTktMSc/Pgo8c3ZnIHZlcnNpb249JzEuMScgYmFzZVByb2ZpbGU9J2Z1bGwnCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM6cmRraXQ9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cucmRraXQub3JnL3htbCcKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSdodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICB4bWw6c3BhY2U9J3ByZXNlcnZlJwp3aWR0aD0nODVweCcgaGVpZ2h0PSc4NXB4JyB2aWV3Qm94PScwIDAgODUgODUnPgo8IS0tIEVORCBPRiBIRUFERVIgLS0+CjxyZWN0IHN0eWxlPSdvcGFjaXR5OjEuMDtmaWxsOiNGRkZGRkY7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmUnIHdpZHRoPSc4NS4wJyBoZWlnaHQ9Jzg1LjAnIHg9JzAuMCcgeT0nMC4wJz4gPC9yZWN0Pgo8cGF0aCBjbGFzcz0nYm9uZC0wIGF0b20tMCBhdG9tLTEnIGQ9J00gNTkuMiwzNi4zIEwgMzguOCwzNi4zJyBzdHlsZT0nZmlsbDpub25lO2ZpbGwtcnVsZTpldmVub2RkO3N0cm9rZTojM0I0MTQzO3N0cm9rZS13aWR0aDoxLjBweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpidXR0O3N0cm9rZS1saW5lam9pbjptaXRlcjtzdHJva2Utb3BhY2l0eToxJyAvPgo8cGF0aCBjbGFzcz0nYm9uZC0wIGF0b20tMCBhdG9tLTEnIGQ9J00gMzguOCwzNi4zIEwgMTguMywzNi4zJyBzdHlsZT0nZmlsbDpub25lO2ZpbGwtcnVsZTpldmVub2RkO3N0cm9rZTojRTg0MjM1O3N0cm9rZS13aWR0aDoxLjBweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpidXR0O3N0cm9rZS1saW5lam9pbjptaXRlcjtzdHJva2Utb3BhY2l0eToxJyAvPgo8cGF0aCBjbGFzcz0nYm9uZC0wIGF0b20tMCBhdG9tLTEnIGQ9J00gNTkuMiw0Ny43IEwgMzguOCw0Ny43JyBzdHlsZT0nZmlsbDpub25lO2ZpbGwtcnVsZTpldmVub2RkO3N0cm9rZTojM0I0MTQzO3N0cm9rZS13aWR0aDoxLjBweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpidXR0O3N0cm9rZS1saW5lam9pbjptaXRlcjtzdHJva2Utb3BhY2l0eToxJyAvPgo8cGF0aCBjbGFzcz0nYm9uZC0wIGF0b20tMCBhdG9tLTEnIGQ9J00gMzguOCw0Ny43IEwgMTguMyw0Ny43JyBzdHlsZT0nZmlsbDpub25lO2ZpbGwtcnVsZTpldmVub2RkO3N0cm9rZTojRTg0MjM1O3N0cm9rZS13aWR0aDoxLjBweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpidXR0O3N0cm9rZS1saW5lam9pbjptaXRlcjtzdHJva2Utb3BhY2l0eToxJyAvPgo8dGV4dCB4PSc2MC42JyB5PSc1My40JyBjbGFzcz0nYXRvbS0wJyBzdHlsZT0nZm9udC1zaXplOjIycHg7Zm9udC1zdHlsZTpub3JtYWw7Zm9udC13ZWlnaHQ6bm9ybWFsO2ZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eToxO3N0cm9rZTpub25lO2ZvbnQtZmFtaWx5OnNhbnMtc2VyaWY7dGV4dC1hbmNob3I6c3RhcnQ7ZmlsbDojM0I0MTQzJyA+TjwvdGV4dD4KPHRleHQgeD0nNzYuNCcgeT0nNTMuNCcgY2xhc3M9J2F0b20tMCcgc3R5bGU9J2ZvbnQtc2l6ZToyMnB4O2ZvbnQtc3R5bGU6bm9ybWFsO2ZvbnQtd2VpZ2h0Om5vcm1hbDtmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk6MTtzdHJva2U6bm9uZTtmb250LWZhbWlseTpzYW5zLXNlcmlmO3RleHQtYW5jaG9yOnN0YXJ0O2ZpbGw6IzNCNDE0MycgPmk8L3RleHQ+Cjx0ZXh0IHg9JzMuNCcgeT0nNTMuNCcgY2xhc3M9J2F0b20tMScgc3R5bGU9J2ZvbnQtc2l6ZToyMnB4O2ZvbnQtc3R5bGU6bm9ybWFsO2ZvbnQtd2VpZ2h0Om5vcm1hbDtmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk6MTtzdHJva2U6bm9uZTtmb250LWZhbWlseTpzYW5zLXNlcmlmO3RleHQtYW5jaG9yOnN0YXJ0O2ZpbGw6I0U4NDIzNScgPk88L3RleHQ+Cjwvc3ZnPgo= [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 reaction unit Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005619 thermoelectricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种风电制氢储能的氢燃料复合电池。本实用新型根据风力大小有四种工作模式，当大风时采用风电制储氢发电模式，功率分配器将额定功率内的风电用来为外电网发电，同时将剩余风电转换为氢气存储；当风力较小时时，采用全系统运行模式，将风电供给外电网，同时启动燃料电池发电系统，将储氢系统的氢能转化为电能；当风电质量较差时采用风电制氢燃料发电模式，风电只制氢同时燃料电池发电系统向外供电；当调度要求弃风时，采用燃料电池独立运行模式，燃料电池发电系统将存储的氢气转化为高品质电能馈送至电网。本实用新型能有效弥补风电等可再生能源发电间歇性、波动性的缺点，改善电场输出功率的可控性，提升发电的稳定性水平。
Description
一种风电制氢储能的氢燃料复合电池
技术领域
[0001] 本实用新型涉及氢燃料电池技术，具体涉及一种风电制氢储能的氢燃料复合电池 及其发电方法。
背景技术
[0002] 能源是人类经济的支柱，也是社会活动的必须动力。目前主要通过热机获得社会 活动所需的初级动力，然后转化为电能。由于热机受到卡诺循环的限制，效率提高较为困 难，造成了能源浪费、污染排放增加等问题。因此开发高效、清洁的电能获取方式，称为能源 发展的必然方向。
[0003] 风能等可再生能源自身特点决定了风电是典型的随机性、间歇性电源，然而随着 风力发电规模的不断扩大，对电网的影响将更加显著，这己成为制约风电等可再生能源发 电规模化发展的严重障碍。研究表明，储能技术具有动态吸收能量并适时平稳释放的特点， 能有效弥补风电等可再生能源发电间歇性、波动性的缺点，改善电场输出功率的可控性，提 升发电的稳定性水平。
[0004] 电化学储能系统能量密度大，响应时间长，不受地域限制，非常适用于风电的储能 需求。电化学储能系统技术相对较成熟，其中，电解制氢复合储能系统具有大容量、长寿命、 低成本及环境友好等优势，且其各主要组成部分的技术成熟度较高，在大规模电力储能领 域具有较为广阔的应用前景。
[0005] 燃料电池是继火电、水电和核电之后的第4代发电技术，它是唯一兼备无污染、高 效率、适用广、无噪声和具有连续工作和模块化特点的动力装置，被认为是21世纪最有发展 前景的高效清洁发电技术。作为燃料电池的一种，氢燃料电池以氢气为燃料作还原剂，氧气 作氧化剂，通过燃料的燃烧反应，将化学能转变为电能的电池，与原电池的工作原理相同。
[0006] 氢燃料电池工作时，向氢电极供应氢气，同时向氧电极供应氧气。氢气、氧气在电 极上的催化剂作用下，通过电解质生成水，此时氢电极上有多余电子带负电，氧电极上由于 缺少电子而带正电。接通电路后，这一类似于燃烧的反应过程就能连续进行。其具有如下特 点:产物是水，清洁环保;容易持续通氢气和氧气，产生持续电流;能量转换率较高;排放废 弃物少;噪音低。因此，氢氧燃料电池近年来受到人们的广泛关注。
[0007] 目前国内外氢燃料电池的相关专利的研究内容基本上围绕着燃料电池的结构设 计、电极材料、反应装置、电解质组成优化以及氢气的制造与储存系统等方面。
[0008] 近年来，我国风电发展迅猛，截至2012年底风电装机达到7532万千瓦，全年发电量 1004亿千瓦时，均居全球第一。风电装备产业也取得长足进步，技术水平逐步赶超世界先 进。在风电发展取得了举世瞩目成绩的同时，风电消纳困难、弃风电量逐年增加的问题也凸 显出来。但由于风电具有间歇性，不易控制和调度，风电上网难题仍没有取得突破性进展。
[0009] 随着科技创新和技术进步，储能技术和手段也不断丰富。相对于电化学和其它储 能手段，利用风电电解水制氢、储氢成本相对较低，具有较高的推广价值。
[0010] 2014年，由中国节能环保集团公司负责的国家863 “风电直接制氢及燃料电池发电 系统技术研究与示范”项目，在中节能风电公司张北分公司建设风电场，制氢功率为lOOkW， 燃料电池发电为30kW。
[0011] 2015年，由河北建投新能源有限公司投资，与德国McPhy、Encon等公司联合开展的 中德合作示范项目，该项目在河北沽源投建10MW电解水制氢系统，配合200MW风电场制氢， 项目建成后，可形成年制氢1752万标准立方米的生产能力，成为我国目前最大的风电制氢 示范项目。
[0012]加拿大的Smart是目前世界上利用电解水制氢和开发氢能汽车最为有名的公司， 其开发的ffiSfp系统包括一个能日产氢25kg的碱性电解槽、一个能储存60kg氢的高压储氢 罐和氢内燃机车，其用于汽车的氢能系统每小时可产氢3kg，能够为3辆巴士提供能量。
[0013] Hmnilton是另一个有名的电解槽开发制造商，其ES系列利用PEM电解槽技术，可实 现每小时产氢6〜30Nm3，所制氢的纯度可达99 • 999%。由于电解槽造价还比较昂贵，尤其是 PEM电解槽，使得制氢成本较其他制氢方式的成本高。当电解槽和太阳能电池联合使用制氢 时，产氢成本约24〜41USD/GJ，和风力发电机组联合使用时，制氢成本则降为11〜20USD/ GJ〇
发明内容
[0014] 为解决因风能的间歇性、波动性以及输电容量限制等因素导致的大规模弃风问 题，本实用新型提供一种风电制氢储能的氢燃料复合电池，在电网用电负荷较低时，将风电 直接制成氢气储存起来，在负荷系统处于用电高峰时，再将储存的氢气通过燃料电池转化 为电能回馈给电网，为解决大规模风电储存提供一种新途径。
[0015] 本实用新型的风电制氢储能的氢燃料复合电池包括:风力发电机、功率分配器、电 解制氢系统、压缩储氢系统、燃料电池发电系统、AC/DC整流器、DC/AC逆变器、变压器、升压 器、负荷系统以及协调控制单元;其中，风力发电机、功率分配器、电解制氢系统、压缩储氢 系统、燃料电池发电系统、AC/DC整流器、DC/AC逆变器和负荷系统分别连接至协调控制单 元;风力发电机连接至功率分配器;功率分配器分别连接至变压器和AC/DC整流器;变压器 经升压器连接至外电网;AC/DC整流器连接至电解制氢系统；电解制氢系统连接至压缩储氢 系统;压缩储氢系统连接至燃料电池发电系统;燃料电池发电系统连接至DC/AC逆变器，依 次经变压器和升压器连接至外电网；DC/AC逆变器还连接至负荷系统。
[0016] 氢燃料复合电池包括四种工作模式:风电制储氢发电模式、全系统运行模式、风电 制氢燃料发电模式和燃料电池独立运行模式;协调控制单元感知并判断风力大小，并按照 外电网的额定功率设置比例阈值，发送至功率分配器，当风力达到高阈值以上时，采用风电 制储氢发电模式，当风力处于高阈值与低阈值之间时，采用全系统运行模式，当风力不稳定 或小于低阈值时，采用风电制氢燃料发电模式；当协调控制单元决定放弃风力时，采用燃料 电池独立运行模式;在风电制储氢发电模式中，燃料电池发电系统不工作，只有风力发电机 工作，并且风电一部分为外电网供电一部分产生氢气:风力发电机将风能转换为电能形成 风电，传输至功率分配器;功率分配器按照比例阈值，将外电网的额定功率内的风电通过变 压器和升压器输送至外电网；功率分配器将风电大于外电网的额定功率的那部分风电，传 输至AC/DC整流器;AC/DC整流器将风电由交流转变成直流，传输至电解制氢系统，电解制氢 系统利用风电产生氢气，输送至压缩储氢系统中存储;在全系统运行模式中，风力发电机和 燃料电池发电系统一起工作，共同为外电网供电:风力发电机将风能转换为电能形成风电， 输送至功率分配器；功率分配器将全部风电输送至变压器，通过升压器输送至外电网；同 时，电解制氢系统将储存的氢气输送至燃料电池发电系统，燃料电池发电系统利用氢气产 生直流电，DC/AC逆变器将直流电转换为交流电，通过变压器和升压器传输至外电网，或者 直接传输至负荷系统;在风电制氢燃料发电模式中，风力发电机制备氢气，燃料电池发电系 统发电:风力发电机将风能转换为电能形成风电，输送至功率分配器;功率分配器将全部风 电传输至AC/DC整流器，AC/DC整流器将风电由交流转变成直流，传输至电解制氢系统，电解 制氢系统利用风电产生氢气，输送至压缩储氢系统中存储；同时，电解制氢系统将储存的氢 气输送至燃料电池发电系统，燃料电池发电系统利用氢气产生直流电，DC/AC逆变器将直流 电转换为交流电，通过变压器和升压器传输至外电网，或者直接传输至负荷系统;在燃料电 池独立运行模式中，只有燃料电池发电系统工作，风力发电机停止工作:燃料电池发电系统 利用存储在压缩储氢系统的氢气产生直流电，DC/AC逆变器将直流电转换为交流电，通过变 压器和升压器传输至外电网，或者直接传输至负荷系统。
[0017]进一步，本实用新型的氢燃料复合电池处于通信网络中，通过通信网络与中央协 调控制系统进行数据交换和逻辑判断。
[0018]电解制氢系统包括:变压器、整流柜、电解槽、气液处理器和气体纯化系统;其中， 来自风力发电机的高压电经变压器和整流柜形成供电解槽电解的直流电;整流柜连接至协 调控制系统，调节运行功率;直流电在电解槽中通过电解液在阴极和阳极之间流通，并发生 电水解的化学反应，阳极产生氧气，阴极产生氢气;氢气和碱液混合物以及氧气和碱液混合 物通过电解槽的出口分别进入各自的气液处理器中，气体与液体分开后，碱液经过滤后回 流至电解槽，氢气和氧气分别经分离洗涤后输送至气体纯化系统中储存。进一步，还包括水 碱补给系统，为水电解制氢的配套附属设备，水碱补给系统包括水箱、碱箱、加水泵及配套 阀门等，用于电解槽碱液配制以及设备运行时的纯水补给和碱液补给。电解制氢系统还包 括闭式循环水设备，为水电解制氢系统的常用配套设备，闭式循环水设备包括水箱、循环 泵、板式换热器等装置，通过利用外部的工业冷却水给内部冷却水降温，为运行系统提供水 质稳定的闭式循环冷却水。
[0019]压缩储氢系统包括:氢气缓冲罐、储气压缩机和多个储氢罐;其中，来自电解制氢 系统的气体纯化系统的氢气，经氢气缓冲罐稳压降温保持稳定后，送至储气压缩机;储气压 缩机将氢气高压压缩后送至储氢罐中以高压方式储存;储气压缩机连接至协调控制单元， 协调控制单元控制储气压缩机的工作状态;储氢罐连接至协调控制单元，协调控制单元控 制储氢罐充气过程以及向燃料电池发电系统的供气过程。
[0020]燃料电池发电系统包括:燃料电池辅助系统、燃料电池散热系统和燃料电池主机 系统;其中，来自压缩储氢系统的储氢罐的高压氢气输入至燃料电池辅助系统，经处理后， 输送至燃料电池主机系统，产生直流电输出；在燃料电池主机系统未充分燃烧的氢气返回 至燃料电池辅助系统，由燃料电池辅助系统排出氢气尾气和空气尾气;燃料电池散热系统 将散热水通过燃料电池辅助系统输送至燃料电池主机系统，散热水带走燃料电池主机系统 的热量后通过燃料电池辅助系统返回至燃料电池散热系统。
[0021]本实用新型的优点：
[0022]本实用新型根据风力大小有四种工作模式，当大风时采用风电制储氢发电模式， 在额定功率内的风电用来为外电网发电，同时将剩余风电转换为氢气存储；当负荷需要供 电或风电场输出电能质量无法满足调度要求时，采用全系统运行模式，将风电供给外电网， 同时启动燃料电池发电系统，将储氢系统的氢能转化为电能，供给外电网或负荷系统；当风 电质量较差时采用风电制氢燃料发电模式，风电只制氢同时燃料电池发电系统向外供电； 当调度要求弃风时，采用燃料电池独立运行模式，只有燃料电池发电系统工作，将存储的氢 气转化为高品质电能馈送至电网。本实用新型能有效弥补风电等可再生能源发电间歇性、 波动性的缺点，改善电场输出功率的可控性，提升发电的稳定性水平。
[0023] 1 •本实用新型拓展了风电与氢能的互补利用新途径，突破大规模风电并网瓶颈， 为风能资源的有效利用提供技术参考和相应工程示范；
[0024] 2.相比于蓄电池储能系统较低的储能容量，风电制氢复合储能燃料电池发电系统 的储能容量较大；
[0025] 3.由于该发明系统的储能容量的增加，其单位储能容量的投资成本将明显降低；
[0026] 4•使用寿命长：电解水制氢系统使用寿命可达1〇年，燃料电池发电系统在纯氢和 纯氧环境下的使用寿命均接近或者超过1万小时，储气系统主要由金属材料的压力容器组 成，其使用寿命可达15年；
[0027] 5.该发明使用的能源原料清洁环保，无论是储能过程还是释能过程，整个过程中 所消耗和生成物均为水，不会对周围环境产生不利影响。
附图说明
[0028]图1为本实用新型的风电制氢储能的氢燃料复合电池的整体结构框图；
[0029]图2为本实用新型的风电制氢储能的氢燃料复合电池的一个实施例中燃料电池发 电系统的结构框图。
具体实施方式
[0030]下面结合附图，通过具体实施例，进一步阐述本实用新型。
[0031 ]如图1所示，本实施例的风电制氢储能的氢燃料复合电池包括:风力发电机、功率 分配器、电解制氢系统、压缩储氢系统、燃料电池发电系统、AC/DC整流器、DC/AC逆变器、变 压器、升压器、负荷系统以及协调控制单元;其中，风力发电机、功率分配器、电解制氢系统、 压缩储氢系统、燃料电池发电系统、AC/DC整流器、DC/AC逆变器和负荷系统分别连接至协调 控制单元;风力发电机连接至功率分配器;功率分配器分别连接至变压器和AC/DC整流器； 变压器经升压器连接至外电网;AC/DC整流器连接至电解制氢系统；电解制氢系统连接至压 缩储氢系统;压缩储氢系统连接至燃料电池发电系统;燃料电池发电系统连接至DC/AC逆变 器，依次经变压器和升压器连接至外电网，DC/AC逆变器还连接至负荷系统。
[0032]压缩储氢系统包括:氢气缓冲罐、储气压缩机和多个储氢罐;其中，来自电解制氢 系统的气体纯化系统的氢气，经氢气缓冲罐缓冲速度，送至储气压缩机;储气压缩机将氢气 压缩后送至储氢罐中储存;储气压缩机和储氢罐分别连接至协调控制单元，协调控制单元 控制储氢罐充气过程以及向燃料电池发电系统的供气过程。本实施例中，12个储氢罐，储氢 罐容积为12礼，单个储罐存储压力可达3.5MPa，存储温度要求不超过85°C。
[0033]在电解制氢系统中，电解槽通过直流电流，将水电解成H2和02，直流电流通过电解 液(30%K0H溶液)在两个电极（阳极和阴极)之间流通。电解槽的电解液采用3〇%KOH溶液， 增加了电解液的电导率。为了避免电极在碱性电解液下被腐蚀，电解槽阳极由镍、钴、铁组 成，阴极由镍和铂活性炭作催化剂，膜采用电阻很小的氧化镍。电解水的化学反应式为：
[0034] 阳极反应方程式:40『4〇2T+2H20+4e_
[0035] 阴极反应方程式:2H2〇+2e —H2T+20H-
[0036] 总反应方程式:2H20—2H2T+〇2T
[0037]在燃料电池发电系统中，在电解槽中的阴极板仓和阳极板仓内分别放置有阴极和 阳极，以碱性水溶液为电解液，氢气作为阳极，发生氧化反应，释放电子;氧气在阴极发生还 原反应，获得电子;电子从阳极到阴极的转移为外界提供电能，水作为唯一的反应产物释放 出来。化学反应方程式如下：
[0038] 阳极反应方程式:2¾ — 4e —4H+
[0039] 阴极反应方程式:〇2+4e +2H2O—40『
[0040] 总反应方程式:2H2+O2—2H2〇
[0041] 如图2所示，燃料电池发电系统包括:燃料电池辅助系统、燃料电池散热系统和燃 料电池主机系统。燃料电池发电系统的额定输出功率为30kw，电压输出范围300〜550V，额 定工况下的效率不低于40%，室温下可在6s内完成启动，工作环境温度2〜40°C，环境相对 湿度10%〜90%，空气质量不低于三级污染水平，工作地点海拔高度不高于lkm，氢气中C0 浓度不高于10 X 10-6，H2S浓度不高于0 • 1 X 10-6。
[0042] 本实施例的风电制氢储能的氢燃料复合电池的发电方法，包括以下步骤：
[0043] 1)预先设定风力的高阈值和低阈值，协调控制单元感知风力并判断风力大小，并 按照外
[0044]电网的额定功率设置比例阈值，发送至功率分配器，根据风力大小选择工作模式： [0045] a)当风力达到高阈值以上时，采用风电制储氢发电模式，进入步骤2);
[0046] b)当风力处于高阈值与低阈值之间时，采用全系统运行模式，进入步骤3);
[0047] c)当风力不稳定或小于低阈值时，采用风电制氢燃料发电模式，进入步骤4)，风力 不稳定指风力忽大忽小波动比较大；
[0048] d)当协调控制单元决定放弃风力时，采用燃料电池独立运行模式，进入步骤5); [0049] 2)在风电制储氢发电模式中，协调控制单元控制燃料电池发电系统不工作，只有 风力发电机工作，并且风电一部分为外电网供电一部分产生氛气：
[0050] i•风力发电机将风能转换为电能形成风电，传输至功率分配器；
[0051] ii •功率分配器按照比例阈值，将在额定功率内的风电通过变压器和升压器输送 至外电网；
[0052] iii.功率分配器将风电大于外电网的额定功率的那部分风电，传输至AC/DC整流 器；
[0053] iV • AC/DC整流器将风电由交流转变成直流，传输至电解制氢系统，电解制氢系统 利用风电产生氢气，输送至压缩储氢系统中存储；
[0054] 3)在采用全系统运行模式中，协调控制单元控制风力发电机和燃料电池发电系统 一起工作，共同为外电网供电：
[0055] i •风力发电机将风能转换为电能形成风电，输送至功率分配器;功率分配器将全 部风电输送至变压器，通过升压器输送至外电网；
[0056] ii.同时，电解制氢系统将储存的氢气输送至燃料电池发电系统，燃料电池发电系 统利用氢气产生直流电，DC/AC逆变器将直流电转换为交流电，通过变压器和升压器传输至 外电网，或者直接传输至负荷系统； _
[0057] 4)在风电制氢燃料发电模式中，协调控制单元控制风力发电机制备氢气，燃料电 池发电系统发电：
[0058] i.风力发电机将风能转换为电能形成风电，输送至功率分配器;功率分配器将全 部风电传输至AC/DC整流器，AC/DC整流器将风电由交流转变成直流，传输至电解制氢系统， 电解制氢系统利用风电产生氢气，输送至压缩储氢系统中存储；
[0059] ii.同时，电解制氢系统将储存的氢气输送至燃料电池发电系统，燃料电池发电系 统利用氢气产生直流电，DC/AC逆变器将直流电转换为交流电，通过变压器和升压器传输至 外电网，或者直接传输至负荷系统；
[0060] 5)在燃料电池独立运行模式中，协调控制单元控制只有燃料电池发电系统工作， 风力发电机停止工作：
[0061] i .电解制氢系统将储存的氢气输送至燃料电池发电系统；
[0062] ii .燃料电池发电系统利用氢气产生直流电，传输至DC/AC逆变器；
[0063] iii .DC/AC逆变器将直流电转换为交流电，通过变压器和升压器传输至外电网，或 者直接传输至负荷系统。
[0064] 最后需要注意的是，公布实施例的目的在于帮助进一步理解本实用新型，但是本 领域的技术人员可以理解:在不脱离本实用新型及所附的权利要求的精神和范围内，各种 替换和修改都是可能的。因此，本实用新型不应局限于实施例所公开的内容，本实用新型要 求保护的范围以权利要求书界定的范围为准。
Claims (7)
1. 一种风电制氢储能的氢燃料复合电池，其特征在于，所述氢燃料复合电池包括:风力 发电机、功率分配器、电解制氢系统、压缩储氢系统、燃料电池发电系统、AC/DC整流器、DC/ AC逆变器、变压器、升压器、负荷系统以及协调控制单元;其中，所述风力发电机、功率分配 器、电解制氢系统、压缩储氢系统、燃料电池发电系统、AC/DC整流器、DC/AC逆变器和负荷系 统分别连接至协调控制单元;所述风力发电机连接至功率分配器;所述功率分配器分别连 接至变压器和AC/DC整流器;所述变压器经升压器连接至外电网；所述AC/DC整流器连接至 电解制氢系统;所述电解制氢系统连接至压缩储氢系统;所述压缩储氢系统连接至燃料电 池发电系统;所述燃料电池发电系统连接至DC/AC逆变器，依次经变压器和升压器连接至外 电网；所述DC/AC逆变器还连接至负荷系统。
2. 如权利要求1所述的氢燃料复合电池，其特征在于，所述氢燃料复合电池处于通信网 络中，通过通信网络与中央协调控制系统进行数据交换和逻辑判断。
3. 如权利要求1所述的氢燃料复合电池，其特征在于，所述电解制氢系统包括:变压器、 整流柜、电解槽、气液处理器和气体纯化系统;其中，来自风力发电机的高压电经变压器和 整流柜形成供电解槽电解的直流电;所述整流柜连接至协调控制系统，调节运行功率;直流 电在电解槽中通过电解液在阴极和阳极之间流通，并发生电水解的化学反应，阳极产生氧 气，阴极产生氢气;氢气和碱液混合物以及氧气和碱液混合物通过电解槽的出口分别进入 各自的气液处理器中，气体与液体分开后，碱液经过滤后回流至电解槽，氢气和氧气分别经 分离洗涤后气体纯化系统中储存。
4. 如权利要求1所述的氢燃料复合电池，其特征在于，所述压缩储氢系统包括:氢气缓 冲罐、储气压缩机和多个储氢罐;其中，来自电解制氢系统的气体纯化系统的氢气，经氢气 缓冲罐稳压降温保持稳定后，送至储气压缩机;所述储气压缩机将氢气高压压缩后送至储 氢罐中以高压方式储存;所述储气压缩机连接至协调控制单元，协调控制单元控制储气压 缩机的工作状态;储氢罐连接至协调控制单元，协调控制单元控制储氢罐充气过程以及向 燃料电池发电系统的供气过程。
5. 如权利要求1所述的氢燃料复合电池，其特征在于，所述燃料电池发电系统包括:燃 料电池辅助系统、燃料电池散热系统和燃料电池主机系统;其中，来自压缩储氢系统的储氢 罐的高压氢气输入至燃料电池辅助系统，经处理后，输送至燃料电池主机系统，产生直流电 输出；在燃料电池主机系统未充分燃烧的氢气返回至燃料电池辅助系统，由燃料电池辅助 系统排出氢气尾气和空气尾气;燃料电池散热系统将散热水通过燃料电池辅助系统输送至 燃料电池主机系统，散热水带走燃料电池主机系统的热量后通过燃料电池辅助系统返回至 燃料电池散热系统。
6. 如权利要求3所述的氢燃料复合电池，其特征在于，所述电解制氢系统还包括水碱补 给系统，为水电解制氢的配套附属设备；以及还包括闭式循环水设备，为水电解制氢系统的 常用配套设备。
7. 如权利要求1所述的氢燃料复合电池，其特征在于，所述氢燃料复合电池包括四种工 作模式:风电制储氢发电模式、全系统运行模式、风电制氢燃料发电模式和燃料电池独立运 行模式;协调控制单元感知并判断风力大小，并按照外电网的额定功率设置比例阈值，发送 至功率分配器。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201720853961.6U CN207010249U (zh) | 2017-07-14 | 2017-07-14 | 一种风电制氢储能的氢燃料复合电池 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201720853961.6U CN207010249U (zh) | 2017-07-14 | 2017-07-14 | 一种风电制氢储能的氢燃料复合电池 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN207010249U true CN207010249U (zh) | 2018-02-13 |
Family
ID=61454737
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201720853961.6U Active CN207010249U (zh) | 2017-07-14 | 2017-07-14 | 一种风电制氢储能的氢燃料复合电池 |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN207010249U (zh) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109004665A (zh) * | 2018-08-31 | 2018-12-14 | 河北科技大学 | 风电、光电离/并网制氢方法及系统 |
| CN111834650A (zh) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-10-27 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | 一种可再生能源制氢再发电系统及其安全控制方法 |
| CN112519613A (zh) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-03-19 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 一种基于车载燃料电池供能的移动充电桩 |
| CN112899725A (zh) * | 2019-11-19 | 2021-06-04 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | 新能源复合制氢系统及其控制方法 |
| CN113315242A (zh) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-08-27 | 天津大学 | 基于氢能经济促进弃风消纳的虚拟弃风-制氢联合体 |
| CN113422436A (zh) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-09-21 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 | 可再生能源电解水制氢实现超导储能与利用的系统及方法 |
| WO2021196564A1 (zh) * | 2020-04-03 | 2021-10-07 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | 一种宽功率电解水制氢系统及方法 |
-
2017
- 2017-07-14 CN CN201720853961.6U patent/CN207010249U/zh active Active
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109004665A (zh) * | 2018-08-31 | 2018-12-14 | 河北科技大学 | 风电、光电离/并网制氢方法及系统 |
| CN112899725A (zh) * | 2019-11-19 | 2021-06-04 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | 新能源复合制氢系统及其控制方法 |
| WO2021196564A1 (zh) * | 2020-04-03 | 2021-10-07 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | 一种宽功率电解水制氢系统及方法 |
| CN111834650A (zh) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-10-27 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | 一种可再生能源制氢再发电系统及其安全控制方法 |
| CN112519613A (zh) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-03-19 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 一种基于车载燃料电池供能的移动充电桩 |
| CN113315242A (zh) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-08-27 | 天津大学 | 基于氢能经济促进弃风消纳的虚拟弃风-制氢联合体 |
| CN113422436A (zh) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-09-21 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 | 可再生能源电解水制氢实现超导储能与利用的系统及方法 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN207010249U (zh) | 一种风电制氢储能的氢燃料复合电池 | |
| CN107017651A (zh) | 一种风电制氢储能的氢燃料复合电池及其发电方法 | |
| CN101841277A (zh) | 可再生能源储能储氢综合发电系统 | |
| CN107893237B (zh) | 基于高温电解水蒸气制氢技术的加氢站 | |
| KR20090059389A (ko) | 신재생 에너지 발생 시스템 | |
| CN103199561A (zh) | 一种基于燃料电池、风能、太阳能的风光氢互补并网型电站 | |
| CN106086923B (zh) | 一种耦合co2资源化利用的制氢储能装置 | |
| CN109638893A (zh) | 一种尿素废水用于高安全高效率风电制氢调峰调频系统 | |
| CN110266040A (zh) | 一种风、光、质子交换膜燃料电池多能互补混合发电系统及方法 | |
| CN107359363A (zh) | 一种基于太阳能光伏制氢的氢燃料电池系统及其发电方法 | |
| CN102851682A (zh) | 风电高温电解制氢系统和方法 | |
| CN209313452U (zh) | 一种高效率高安全风电制氢调峰调频系统 | |
| CN110654520A (zh) | 一种采用燃料电池船舶直流组网系统和应用此系统的船舶 | |
| CN108418202B (zh) | 一种基于可再生能源的循环发电系统 | |
| CN110093618A (zh) | 基于分布式光热电解水制氢装置及氢燃料电池系统以及工作方法 | |
| CN109672196A (zh) | 一种甲醇废水用于风电制氢调峰调频系统 | |
| CN203180547U (zh) | 一种基于燃料电池、风能、太阳能的风光氢互补并网型电站 | |
| CN213279179U (zh) | 用于光伏电站调峰调频的飞轮-制氢-燃料电池发电系统 | |
| CN111030148B (zh) | 一种多绿色能源组成的零污染电力微网系统 | |
| CN210826376U (zh) | 一种可再生能源直接电解含尿素废水制氢的系统 | |
| CN111668869A (zh) | 一种离网型风电制氢系统及其容量匹配方法 | |
| CN208748209U (zh) | 一种风能宽功率下电解水制氢装置 | |
| CN112144071A (zh) | 一种水电电解水制氢系统 | |
| CN110601231A (zh) | 一种基于光伏制氢储能的光伏和燃料电池一体化发电系统 | |
| CN208835760U (zh) | 一种氨燃料电池发电调峰调频系统 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |