CN206847640U - The angular displacement sensor of mechanical rotating shaft on-line monitoring - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of angular displacement sensor of mechanical rotating shaft on-line monitoring, is made up of permanent magnet, magneto sensor and lid, half opening elastic metallic snap ring, sensor fixing screws, circuit board fixing screws, magnet fixing screws etc. on detection circuit board, shaft coupling and connecting shaft, signal output socket, sensor base, sensor.The beneficial effects of the utility model are：Tested rotating shaft is connected by shaft coupling and carries out non-contact angle/placement detection, detection magneto sensor is arranged on circuit in the cylindrical seal metal shell that lid is formed with sensor base on the sensor being threadedly coupled, testing result is exported with a pair of complementary dutycycles PWM waveform directly proportional to angular displacement, it is applicable in effective adjustable range, the mechanical rotating shaft that specification is different, effectively suppress the strong electromagnetic of rotating machinery monitoring field, make monitoring result more accurately and reliably.

Description

The angular displacement sensor of mechanical rotating shaft on-line monitoring

Technical field

The utility model belongs to angular displacement sensor, especially a kind of angle displacement transducer for mechanical rotating shaft on-line monitoring Device.

Background technology

One of the three big bases of sensor technology as information technology, it is the high skill that current each developed country competitively develops Art.Sensor be similar to the mankind in order to obtain external information must by sense organ, be a kind of detection means, can experience To measured information, and the information experienced can will be detected, be for conversion into electric signal or other required forms according to certain rules Information output, with meet the transmission of information, processing, storage, display, record and control etc. requirement, be realize automatic detection and The primary link automatically controlled.

Rotating machinery is chronically at working condition at a high speed, heavily loaded, due to the prolonged and repeated work of its working face contact stress With, easily cause the failures such as bearing fatigue, crackle and impression, cause bearing heating, rotating shaft fracture, brought additionally to rotating machinery Impact shock, then produce " hot axle " or other failures；Therefore, state prison must be carried out to the critical component of rotating machinery Survey and fault diagnosis.Because rotating machinery operating condition is complicated, critical component working environment is severe, disturbing factor is various, Chang Yi The external action such as impacted, rubbed, this is to be difficult to solve in the design and fabrication of large rotating machinery status monitoring sensor The problem of.Monitoring device and kind of sensor are various and complicated, select unsuitable detection sensor to influence system monitoring number According to the degree of accuracy.The selection of sensitive material in sensor be it is mostly important, the major function of sensitive material be receive light, The energy signal of the forms such as sound, electricity, thermal and magnetic, machinery, chemistry, and change into electric signal.By operation principle, sensitive material can divide For structural type, physical and compound three class, by taking physical as an example, the sensitivity principle of the sensitive material of physical is to utilize material Certain macroscopic properties change, this attribute mainly includes physical characteristic, chemical characteristic and biological nature.Wherein physical characteristic Sensitive material is the sensitive material that information conversion is realized according to powerless characteristic variations, such as thermistor, photo resistance, giant magnetoresistance effect It should wait.Required sensitive material when measuring rotating speed, angular displacement, typically use up, the comparison of two species of magnetic it is more, from sensitivity and From the aspects of accuracy, magnetic life electricity is applied to the Angular Displacement Detecting of rotating machinery, present rotating machinery state than opto-electronic conversion Using packaged type assembling device the use of opto-electronic conversion can be made not reach estimated effect mostly in monitoring system.

When magneto sensor moves in uniform gradient and magnetic field, output has linear relationship with magnetic field, passes through its output Change can measure the displacement of magneto sensor or magnet steel.The gradient in magnetic field is bigger, the spirit of the output of magneto sensor to displacement Sensitivity is higher, and the gradient in magnetic field is more uniform, and the precision of its measurement displacement is higher.Measure displacement of the lines when, from Hall element, Magnetodiode, magnetic sensitive transistor and mistor element can be with.In angle displacement measurement, in addition to above magneto sensor, It is also an option that kicker magnet magnetoresistive element because its output characteristics is more special, after magnetic field reaches certain amplitude, output only with Tested magnetic field is related to the surface angulation of mistor, has its special excellent to measure angular displacement using the feature Point.So this patent reaches the effect of needs from magneto sensor as sensitive material.

The angular displacement sensor adopted in existing rotating machinery monitoring is mostly optical displacement sensor, and this kind of sensing Device is usually single-end output signal mode, and output prograin is low and complicated, it is difficult to meet rotating machinery operating condition requirement, Often there is mistaken diagnosis because of the mechanical damage of complexity, fail to pinpoint a disease in diagnosis.Therefore, a kind of angle for being applied to meet rotating machinery operating condition is developed Displacement monitoring sensor is very necessary.

The content of the invention

For insufficient existing for angular displacement sensor employed in current condition monitoring for rotating machinery, the utility model is announced A kind of angular displacement sensor of mechanical rotating shaft on-line monitoring.

This patent use technical scheme be：A kind of angular displacement sensor of mechanical rotating shaft on-line monitoring, including permanent magnetic Iron 1, magneto sensor with detection circuit board 2, shaft coupling and connecting shaft 3, signal output socket 4, sensor base 5, sensor Lid 6, half opening elastic metallic snap ring 7, sensor fixing screws 8, circuit board fixing screws 9, magnet fixing screws 10；Its feature It is：The sensor is fixed on the measured position housing of mechanical rotating shaft by sensor fixing screws 8, passes through shaft coupling and connection Axle 3 is connected with the tested rotating shaft of rotating machinery, permanent magnet 1 by magnet fixing screws 10 be fixed on connection shaft end and with through half-open The angle that mouth elastic metallic snap ring 7 is radially locked and rotated with the connecting shaft synchronous axial system of the elastic conjunction of sensor base 5, measured axis The magneto sensor that displacement information is fixed in sensor base 5 via circuit board fixing screws 9 is detected and turned with detection circuit board 2 Exported after being changed to data signal by the signal output socket 4 being fixed on sensor in lid 6；Non-contact detecting angular displacement information Magneto sensor, detection circuit be installed on the sensor of threaded connection the cylindrical seal gold that lid is formed with sensor base Belong in housing, can effectively suppress the strong electromagnetic of rotating machinery monitoring field, make monitoring result more accurately and reliably.

In the utility model, described magneto sensor with detection circuit board 2 by magneto sensor HX1, HX2, HY1, HY2, Resistance R1 ~ R11, electric capacity C1 ~ C4, double operational IC1, there is the single-chip microcomputer IC2 of ADC and PWM functions, output connector JK1 compositions； Magneto sensor HX1, HX2 are separately mounted to the left and right of X-direction, and magneto sensor HY1, HY2 are separately mounted to the upper and lower of Y-direction, And its magnetic susceptibility point is evenly distributed on the magnetic for being used to be distributed permanent magnet 1 in circuit board surface on a diameter of D1 reference circumference Field vertical vector is detected；Amplifier IC1B, resistance R1 ~ R4 and amplifier IC1A, the amplifying circuit of resistance R5 ~ R8 compositions are used respectively Differential amplification, amplified signal V are carried out in the orthogonal correlated components to X, Y-direction_X1-X2、V_Y1-Y2Through electric capacity C3, resistance R9 and electric capacity Single-chip microcomputer IC2 two ADC inputs are sent after the LPF of C4, resistance R10 composition respectively；Single-chip microcomputer IC2 is to input signal Sampled, handle after calculate to obtain angle skew：θ≈arctan(V_Y1-Y2/ V_X1-X2), then angle skew θ is converted into PWM lattice The data signal of formula is exported by connector JK1；R10 is pull-up resistor, electric capacity C1 decoupling capacitances, C2 shunt capacitances, magnetosensitive member The preferred linear hall element of part or mistor.

In the utility model, described permanent magnet 1 is a diametrical magnetization（Overlook：Left side-right side）Bipolar circle Shape magnet, a diameter of D, thickness H, the preferred rare earth AlNiCo/SmCo5 or NdFeB of magnetic material；Thickness H >=2.5mm, magnetosensitive Sense point distribution reference circular diameter D1≤diameter D≤magnet is maximum rotatable with reference to circular diameter D2；During installation, the center of circular magnet Axis wants the center of circle that aligned magnetic sensitive spot distribution reference is justified.

In the utility model, described shaft coupling and connecting shaft 3 are adjustable including being together by a threaded connection Axle device and connecting shaft two parts, adjustable junction box by connection mechanical rotating shaft rotating shaft shaft coupling input 5-1, by screw thread with Connect the shaft coupling output end 5-2 of axis connection, adapt to the adjusting screw hole 5-3 of different size measured axis, for being tested shaft locking Scalable intermediate plate 5-4 compositions, the connection screw thread 5- that connecting shaft is connected by a bearing by machining with adjustable junction box 5th, radially fixed bayonet socket 5-6 of the radially fixed connecting shaft in sensor base 5, the magnet for fixed permanent magnet 1 fix spiral shell Hole 5-7 is formed.

In the utility model, described signal output socket 4 is one and is fixed on lid 6 on sensor by exterior nut cap The core aviation socket of metal shell five, the signal definition of five cores is VCC, PWMA/MOSI, SCK, PWMB/MISO, GND respectively, can be led to Cross five core shielded cables to be connected with monitoring device or emulator, emulation, debugging and volume for signal output or internal single-chip microcomputer Journey, detection signal output are a pair of complementary dutycycles PWM waveforms directly proportional to detection angular displacement in real time.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are that connecting tested rotating shaft by shaft coupling carries out non-contact angle/placement detection, inspection Survey magneto sensor and be arranged on the cylindrical seal metal-back that lid is formed with sensor base on the sensor being threadedly coupled with circuit In vivo, testing result is exported with a pair of complementary dutycycles PWM waveform directly proportional to angular displacement, is applicable to effectively adjusting In the range of, the different rotary shaft of specification, effectively suppress the strong electromagnetic of rotating machinery monitoring field, make monitoring result more accurate It is really reliable.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present utility model；

In figure：1. permanent magnet, 2. magneto sensors and detection circuit board, 3. shaft couplings and connecting shaft, 4. signal outputs are inserted Seat, 5. sensor bases are covered on 6. sensors, 7. half opening elastic metallic snap rings, 8. sensor fixing screws, and 9. circuit boards are consolidated Determine screw, 10. magnet fixing screws.

Fig. 2 is the magneto sensor and detection circuit theory diagrams of the utility model embodiment.

Fig. 3 is the board structure of circuit and magneto sensor installation site figure of the utility model embodiment.

Fig. 4 is the permanent magnet outline drawing of the utility model embodiment.

Fig. 5 is the shaft coupling and connecting axle structure schematic diagram of the utility model embodiment；

In figure：5-1. shaft coupling inputs, 5-2. shaft coupling output ends, 5-3. adjusting screw holes, the scalable intermediate plates of 5-4., 5- 5. connection screw thread, the radially fixed bayonet sockets of 5-6., 5-7. magnet fixing threaded holes.

Fig. 6 is the sensor output connection diagram of the utility model embodiment.

Fig. 7 is the PWM output waveform diagrams of the utility model embodiment.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the utility model embodiment, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the utility model is carried out Clearly and completely describe；Obviously, described embodiment is only the utility model part of the embodiment, rather than whole Embodiment.Based on the embodiment in the utility model, those of ordinary skill in the art are not under the premise of creative work is made The every other embodiment obtained, belong to the scope of the utility model protection.

Referring to accompanying drawing, Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present utility model.A kind of angle displacement transducer of mechanical rotating shaft on-line monitoring Device, including permanent magnet 1, magneto sensor and detection circuit board 2, shaft coupling and connecting shaft 3, signal output socket 4, sensor bottom Lid 6, half opening elastic metallic snap ring 7, sensor fixing screws 8, circuit board fixing screws 9, magnet are fixed on seat 5, sensor Screw 10.It is adjustable in shaft coupling and connecting shaft 3 by adjusting first according to the tested rotating shaft size of mechanical rotating shaft during installation Shaft coupling is saved, the tested rotating shaft and shaft coupling and connecting shaft 3 for making rotating machinery are reliably connected；Then it is tested rotating shaft in rotating machinery Sensor base 5 is fixed on machine by the housing correspondence position on periphery by tapping or spot welding screw cap, then by sensor fixing screws 8 On the measured position housing of tool rotating shaft, make to form reliable electrically connect for passing between sensor outer housing and rotating machinery housing The bonding of sensor.One end of connecting shaft（Small end）It is connected by screw thread with adjustable junction box, the other end（Big end）By magnetic Permanent magnet 1 is fixed on connection shaft end to ensure that the rotation of permanent magnet 1 is synchronous with tested rotating shaft by ferropexy screw 10；Connection Axle is radially locked through the centre bore in sensor base 5 and by half opening elastic metallic snap ring 7 through interference assembly method, is assembled When lubricant should be added in centre bore to reduce the sliding friction between connecting shaft and base.The rotation of measured axis is turned above The rotation of permanent magnet 1 is changed to, and permanent magnet 1 rotates caused changes of magnetic field and can be non-contactly converted to by magneto sensor Electric signal；Based on this Cleaning Principle, the angular displacement information that measured axis rotates is fixed on sensor via circuit board fixing screws 9 Magneto sensor in base 5 and detection circuit board 2 are detected and are converted to after data signal by being fixed on sensor in lid 6 Signal output socket 4 exports.Magneto sensor, the detection circuit of the utility model sensor non-contact detection angular displacement information are pacified Mounted in cap-shaped in the sensor base of threaded connection and sensor into cylindrical seal metal shell in, can effectively suppress to rotate The strong electromagnetic at machinery monitoring scene, makes monitoring result more accurately and reliably.

Accompanying drawing 4 is the permanent magnet outline drawing of the utility model embodiment.The permanent magnet 1 of the utility model sensor is One diametrical magnetization（Overlook：Left side-right side）Bipolar circular magnet, a diameter of D, thickness H, the preferred rare earth of magnetic material AlNiCo/SmCo5 or NdFeB；Thickness H >=2.5mm, magnetic susceptibility point distribution reference circular diameter D1≤diameter D≤magnet maximum can Rotary reference circular diameter D2；During installation, the central axis of circular magnet wants the center of circle that aligned magnetic sensitive spot distribution reference is justified.This reality With in new embodiment, D1=8mm, D2=14mm, then permanent magnet diameter：8mm≤D≤14mm；Magneto sensor sensing It is the magnetic field vertical vector of permanent magnet 1, the spacing between magnet surface and each magneto sensor surface should be according to magneto sensor Linear sensitivity, the parameter such as magnetic field intensity of permanent magnet 1 are chosen, it is proposed that using spacing in 0.3mm between 3.0mm；If Required magnetic field intensity can be maintained within the linear sensitive range of magneto sensor, use bigger spacing to subtract as far as possible Few foozle, alignment error, the influence brought using factors such as errors.

Accompanying drawing 2 is the magneto sensor and detection circuit theory diagrams of the utility model embodiment, and accompanying drawing 3 is the utility model reality Apply the board structure of circuit and magneto sensor installation site figure of example.The magneto sensor of the utility model sensor and detection circuit board 2 By magneto sensor HX1, HX2, HY1, HY2, resistance R1 ~ R11, electric capacity C1 ~ C4, double operational IC1, there is the list of ADC and PWM functions Piece machine IC2, output connector JK1 compositions.Magneto sensor HX1, HX2 are separately mounted to magnetic susceptibility point distribution reference circle X-direction It is left and right, for detecting component of the magnetic field vertical vector in X-direction of permanent magnet 1；Magneto sensor HY1, HY2 are separately mounted to Magnetic susceptibility point distribution reference justifies the upper and lower of Y-direction, for detecting the component of the magnetic field vertical vector of permanent magnet 1 in the Y direction； HX1, HX2, HY1, HY2 four magnetic susceptibility points are evenly distributed on a diameter of D1 reference circumference, and the center of circle of reference exists On the central axis of permanent magnet 1, by adjusting the spacing between magneto sensor mounting circuit boards and permanent magnet 1 to ensure Tetra- magneto sensors of HX1, HX2, HY1, HY2 can reliably detect the magnetic field vertical vector that permanent magnet 1 is distributed in circuit board surface. Amplifier IC1B, resistance R1 ~ R4 form a subtraction circuit and are used to carry out differential amplification, resistance to the orthogonal correlated components of X-direction R1 ~ R4 span depends on the size and Chip Microcomputer A/D C of magneto sensor HX1, HX2 in most high-intensity magnetic field position output voltage difference Input voltage range size, if in most high-intensity magnetic field position, magneto sensor HX1, HX2 output V_HX1=3.96V、V_HX2=0.89V, work Make voltage VCC=5.0V, ADC input voltage range 0-VCC, take R1=R2=300K Ω, R3=R4=390K Ω, then V_X1-X2= R3/ R1*（V_HX1- V_HX2）=3.991V；It is poor for filtering out X-direction that resistance R9 and electric capacity C3 forms a low-pass first order filter High-frequency Interference in point detection signal, takes R9=15K Ω, C3=0.1uF, then the π * 15K*0.1u ≈ of its cut-off frequency=1/2 106.1Hz.Amplifier IC1A, resistance R5 ~ R8 form the orthogonal correlated components progress difference that a subtraction circuit is used for Y-direction and put Greatly, resistance R5 ~ R8 span depends on the size and list of magneto sensor HY1, HY2 in most high-intensity magnetic field position output voltage difference Piece machine ADC input voltage range sizes, if in most high-intensity magnetic field position, magneto sensor HY1, HY2 output V_HY1=4.03V、V_HY2= 1.16V, operating voltage VCC=5.0V, ADC input voltage range 0-VCC, takes R5=R6=300K Ω, R7=R9=390K Ω, then V_Y1-Y2=R7/ R5*（V_HY1- V_HY2）=3.731V；Resistance R10 and electric capacity C4 forms a low-pass first order filter and is used for The High-frequency Interference on Y-direction differential sense signal is filtered out, still takes R10=15K Ω, C4=0.1uF, then the π * of its cut-off frequency=1/2 15K*0.1u≈106.1Hz.X, single-chip microcomputer IC2 two ADC are sent to input after the detection signal of Y-direction is low-pass filtered respectively End, single-chip microcomputer IC2 is to input signal V_X1-X2、V_Y1-Y2Sampled, angle skew is calculated to obtain after anti-interference process：θ≈arctan (V_Y1-Y2/ V_X1-X2), then angle skew θ is converted into the data signals of PWM forms and exported by connector JK1；R10 is pull-up Resistance, electric capacity C1 decoupling capacitances, C2 shunt capacitances, the preferred linear hall element of magneto sensor or mistor.The utility model In embodiment, the linear hall element such as magneto sensor optional UGN3503, SS496A, by taking UGN3503 as an example, according to packing forms Difference have UGN3503LT（SOT-89/TO-243AA surface mount packages）、UGN3503U（Miniature 3 pin SIP plastic packagings）、 UGN3503UA（The super mini plastic packaging of 3 pins）Etc. model, the atomic small change of magnetic flux can be accurately tracked, each Hall effect integrates Circuit includes hall sensor, linear amplifier and emitter follower output stage, specified continuous operating temperature range：-20 DEG C to 85 DEG C, operating voltage range：4.5-6 V, current margin：9-13 milliamperes, typical static output voltage V_OUT = 2.50 V（When magnetic induction intensity is 0 Gauss, i.e. B=0G）, typical susceptible degree Δ V_OUT= 1.30 mV/G（The G of B=0 to ± 900 G）,-three dB bandwidth 23KHz, in broadband（10Hz to 10KHz）The μ V of output noise 90.Single-chip microcomputer IC2 of the present utility model is General single chip with ADC and PWM functions, select in embodiment, the TINY series monolithics of American ATMEL ATtiny13, its fundamental characteristics are as follows：（1）High-performance, 8 AVR microprocessors of low-power consumption；（2）Advanced RISC structures, 120 instructions（Most of time for each instructions are the single clock cycle）, 32 8 general purpose working registers, complete static work Make, performance is up to 20 MIPS when working in 20 MHz；（3）Non-volatile program and data storage, in the system of 1K bytes Programmable Flash（Erasing and writing life:10,000 times）, the In-System Programmable EEPROM of 64 bytes（Erasing and writing life: 100,000 It is secondary）, the on-chip SRAM of 64 bytes, the encryption of EEPROM data can be programmed and realized to locking bit；（4）Peripheral hardware is special Point, a 8 bit timing devices/counter and two PWM passages with independent pre-divider, 4 containing piece internal reference voltage 10, road ADC, there is the programmable watchdog timer of individual sheets internal oscillator, analog comparator in piece；（5）Special place Device feature is managed, debugging system in piece, by SPI ports In-system programming, in piece/and piece ex-interruption source, low power idle Pattern, noise suppressed pattern, battery saving mode, enhanced electrification reset, programmable detection of power loss, the interior demarcation oscillator of piece；（6） I/O is encapsulated and operating voltage, 8 pin PDIP/SOIC:6 programmable I/O lines, technical grade temperature range, ATtiny13V： 1.8-5.5V, ATtiny13：2.7 - 5.5V；（7）Speed class and low-power consumption, ATtiny13V: 0 - 4 MHz @ 1.8 - 5.5V, 0-10 MHz@2.7-5.5V, ATtiny13: 0 - 10 MHz @ 2.7 - 5.5V, 0 - 20 MHz - the 5.5V of@4.5, normal mode: 1 MHz, 1.8V:240 μ A, power-down mode:< 0.1μA at 1.8V；（8）Develop work Tool:Compilation, emulation and debugging unit:AVR Studio4.08, C CompilerTools:IAR EWAVR, CodeVisionAVR, emulator:I C E 50, programmable device:ISP download cable AVRISP, universal programmer.This reality With in new embodiment, two input signal V_X1-X2、V_Y1-Y2It is coupled with the pin 2 of single-chip microcomputer（PB3/ADC3）, pin 3 （PB4/ADC2）, data signal is converted to by ADC in piece, the SAR ADC for having one 10 in ATtiny13 pieces, ADC is connected with the analog multiplexer of 4 passages, and the four road single ended input voltages from port B can be adopted Sample, single ended voltage are inputted using 0V (GND) as benchmark, had the characteristics that：10 precision, 0.5 LSB nonlinearity, ± 2 LSB μ s of absolute precision 13-260 conversion time, maximal accuracy reach 15 kSPS, four tunnels multiplexing it is single-ended defeated Enter passage, the optional ADC for adjusting ADC readings, 0-VCC ADC input voltage ranges, optional 1.1V to the left with reference to electricity Pressure, continuous conversion or single conversion pattern, the ADC conversions triggered automatically by interrupt source start, ADC conversion ends are interrupted, base In the noise suppressor of sleep pattern；ADC includes a sampling hold circuit in the piece, to ensure to be input in transfer process ADC voltages keep constant.（1）ADC operation in piece：The analog voltage of input is converted into by ADC by the method for Approach by inchmeal The digital quantity of one 10, minimum value represent GND, and maximum represents VCC or 1.1V reference voltages；Analog input channel can To be selected by writing the MUX positions of ADMUX registers, any ADC input pins, ADC single ended input can serve as； ADC is enabled by the ADEN positions of ADCSR registers, and before ADEN settings, reference voltage is invalid with input channel, when ADEN is reset When, ADC does not have power consumption, it is therefore proposed that closing ADC before battery saving mode is entered；ADC transformation results are 10, deposit in ADC numbers According in register ADCH and ADCL, transformation result is Right Aligns under default situations, but can be by setting ADMUX registers ADLAR is changed into left-justify；If it is required that transformation result left-justify, and highest only needs the conversion accuracy of 8, then as long as reading It is sufficient that ADCH, ADCL is otherwise first read, then read ADCH, to ensure the content in data register with once changing As a result, once reading ADCL, addressing of the ADC to data register is just prevented from, that is to say, that after reading ADCL, even if The once ADC conversion ends again before ADCH is read, the data of data register will not also update, so as to ensure that Change-over knot Fruit is not lost, and after ADCH is read, ADC can access ADCH and ADCL registers again, and ADC conversion ends can trigger Interrupt, even if because conversion occurs to cause ADC can not access data register between ADCH and ADCL is read, and therefore lose Change data is lost, interruption will trigger.（2）Start conversion：By writing logic 1 in ADSC positions to start conversion, the position exists It is always 1 in transfer process, the position 0 after converting, if selecting differential data passage in transfer process, ADC will be Terminate conversion before performing passage conversion；Conversion can be triggered automatically by different sources, set the ADATE positions of ADCSRA registers Enabled automatic triggering, trigger source determine (see the explanation about ADTS positions) by the setting of the ADTS positions of ADCSRB registers, When the trigger signal positive edge of selection occurs, ADC pre-dividers reset, and conversion starts；It can so realize that fixed conversion starts Time interval, if converting the still set of rear trigger signal, new conversion will not be started, if triggered in transfer process There are other positive edges in signal, then should be ignored；Pay attention to, even if corresponding interrupt I positions clearing in disabling or SREG, interrupt Mark can still be set, and conversion can so be triggered in the case of no interruption, but must remove interrupt identification so as to next time Interruption can trigger new conversion；Using ADC interrupt identifications as trigger source, system can be made to be opened immediately after a conversion end Begin new conversion, ADC enters continuous translative mode, and constantly sampling and renewal ADC data registers, for the first time conversion must lead to The ADSC positions one writing in ADCSRA registers is crossed to start, in this mode, conversion success or not depends on ADC interrupt identifications Whether reset with ADIF；If enabled automatic triggering, starting single conversion by the ADSC one writings in ADCSRA registers, ADSC be may further be used to detect whether changed, and no matter changing is started by which kind of mode, when changing progress, ADSC values are " 1 ".（3）Pre- frequency dividing and conversion：Under default situations, Approach by inchmeal circuit needs one from 50 kHz to 200 kHz Input clock to obtain maximal accuracy；If desired it is less than the precision of 10, ADC input clock frequencies are higher than 200 kHz, To reach high sampling rate；ADC includes a pre-divider, and it can produce acceptable ADC clocks, ADCSR registers ADPS positions be used to produce an appropriate ADC clock input signal more than 100 kHz out of piece, pre-divider is from ADCSR The ADEN positions position of register, which starts ADC, rises and starts counting up, and pre-divider keeps operating during ADEN set, when ADEN for it is low when it is pre- Divider reset；Change the rising edge after setting in ADCSR ADSC positions to start, if using differential path, change in ADEN Second rising edge after setting starts；Normal conversion needs 13 ADC clock cycle, and ADC enables (ADCSRA registers ADEN set) after first time conversion need 25 ADC clock cycle；In common ADC transfer processes, sampling is maintained at 1.5 ADC clocks after conversion starts start, and the sampling of first time ADC conversions keeps then occurring after conversion starts 14.5 ADC clocks, after conversion end, ADC results are admitted to adc data register, and ADIF flag sets, ADSC are same When reset (single conversion pattern), afterwards software can again set ADSC indicate, so as to ADC first rising edge start Once new conversion；When using automatic triggering, when trigger event occurs, pre-divider resets, and this ensures to turn from being triggered to Changing startup has a given delay, in this mode, have after trigger source signal rising edge the samplings of two ADC clock cycle with Retention time；Synchronously to also need to three extra cpu clock cycles, under continuous translative mode, when ADSC is 1, as long as Conversion one terminates, and conversion next time starts at once.In the utility model embodiment, single-chip microcomputer IC2 is first to input signal V_X1-X2、 V_Y1-Y2Sampled, angle skew is calculated to obtain after anti-interference process：θ≈arctan(V_Y1-Y2/ V_X1-X2), then angle is offset The data signal that θ is converted to PWM forms is exported by connector JK1, and the utility model embodiment selects single-chip microcomputer IC2 T/C0 It is that general 8 bit timing device/counter module is realized.T/C0 is general 8 bit timing device/counter module, have two it is independent defeated Go out comparing unit, and support PWM functions, it provides the accurate sequential that performs and produced with waveform, and its main feature is as follows：Two solely Vertical output comparing unit, double buffering output comparand register, comparison match remove timer (automatic loading), without dry when occurring Disturb pulse, the correct PWM of phase, the variable PWM cycles, frequency generator, three independent interrupt sources (TOV0, OCF0A and OCF0B)；Register T/C (TCNT0) and output comparand register (OCR0A and OCR0B) are eight bit register, and interrupt requests are believed Number there is reflection in timer interruption flag register TIFR0, all interruptions can pass through timer interruption mask register TIMSK0 is individually shielded；T/C can be driven by pre-divider by internal clock source, or pass through the outer of T0 pins Portion's clock source is driven, and the control of clock selection logic module is increased (or reduction) using which clock source and what edge T/C numerical value, do not worked if not selecting clock source T/C, the output of clock selection module is defined as timer clock clkT0；The output comparand register (OCR0A and OCR0B) of double buffering is always compared with T/C numerical value, the knot that compares Fruit be can be used to produce PWM ripples, or compare the output that change frequency is produced on pin OC0 in output, and comparison match event will also be put Bit comparison mark (OCF0A or OCF0B), this mark can compare interrupt requests for producing output.Accompanying drawing 7 is that this practicality is new The PWM output waveform diagrams of type embodiment, in the utility model embodiment, PWMA and PWMB is a pair of complementary outputs, i.e., PWMB output waveforms are negating for PWMA output waveforms, and its purpose is to improve the antijamming capability of output signal；Set first Single-chip microcomputer timer/counter control register TCNT0 is put to determine PWM waveform output frequencyf _PWM, then according to minimum detection Angle, θ_MIN, maximum detection angles θ_MAX, in real time detection angular displacement come set output comparand register OCR0A and OCR0B, make PWMA（Single-chip microcomputer pin 4）、PWMB（Single-chip microcomputer pin 5）The output duty cycle PWM ripple directly proportional to detection angular displacement in real time Shape.The Angular Displacement Detecting scope of the utility model sensor is：From 0^oTo 360^o, the detection range of many applications is both less than this model Enclose（Such as：30^oTo 150^o、90^oTo 270^oDeng）, further to improve the precision of PWM waveform output, the utility model embodiment Introduce minimum detection angle, θ_MIN, maximum detection angles θ_MAXSet, with 8 PWM for making full use of single-chip microcomputer IC2 can be provided Waveshape resolution.

Accompanying drawing 5 is the shaft coupling and connecting axle structure schematic diagram of the utility model embodiment.Shaft coupling and connecting shaft 3 include The adjustable junction box and connecting shaft two parts being together by a threaded connection, adjustable junction box by connection mechanical rotating shaft connection Axle device input 5-1, the regulation by screw thread with the shaft coupling output end 5-2, adaptation different size measured axis that are connected axis connection Screw 5-3, for be tested shaft locking scalable intermediate plate 5-4 form, connecting shaft by a bearing by machining with it is adjustable Save the connection screw thread 5-5 of shaft coupling connection, radially fixed connecting shaft in the radially fixed bayonet socket 5-6 of sensor base 5, for solid The magnet fixing threaded hole 5-7 for determining permanent magnet 1 is formed.Shaft coupling is for coupling two axles in different institutions（Driving shaft and Driven shaft）It is allowed to rotate to transmit the machine components of moment of torsion jointly, conventional shaft coupling has diaphragm coupling, gear coupling, plum Flower shaft coupling, oldham coupling, drum-shaped tooth type shaft coupling, Hooks coupling universal coupling, safety coupling, yielding coupling and serpentine spring Shaft coupling；In the utility model embodiment, to adapt to the monitoring of different size measured axis, scroll chuck formula shaft coupling has been selected； The relatively simple standard shaft coupling of structure is preferably selected in monitoring for some standard axles.Connecting shaft by a bearing by machining and Into one end of connecting shaft（Small end）It is connected by screw thread with adjustable junction box, the other end（Big end）By magnet fixing screws 10 Permanent magnet 1 is fixed on connection shaft end, connecting shaft is with interference fit through the centre bore in sensor base 5 and by half Opening elastic metallic snap ring 7 is radially locked；Because sensor base 5 is fixedly connected with shell at measured axis, connecting shaft is through tested Synchronous axial system in centre bore under axle linkage in sensor base 5（To ensure that the rotation of permanent magnet 1 and tested rotating shaft are same Step）, profit should be added in the centre bore in sensor base 5 to reduce the sliding friction between connecting shaft and base, during assembling Lubrication prescription；Shaft monitoring is frequently tested for rotating, in the central hole rolling bearing should be set to extend making for sensor Use the life-span.

Accompanying drawing 6 is the sensor output connection diagram of the utility model embodiment.Signal output socket 4 is one and passed through Exterior nut cap is fixed on the core aviation socket of metal shell five of lid 6 on sensor, and the signal definition of five cores is VCC, PWMA/ respectively MOSI, SCK, PWMB/MISO, GND, it can be connected by five core shielded cables with monitoring device or emulator, for test signal Output or emulation, debugging and the programming of internal single-chip microcomputer.In the utility model embodiment, VCC, GND are used to provide to sensor Power supply, the voltage range of working power：4.5V-5.5V；Signal output socket 4 has both sides purposes：（1）Sensor is imitated Very, debugging and programming, in this condition, SCK be SPI interface synchronised clock, PWMA/MOSI be SPI interface main output from Input data line, PWMB/MISO be SPI interface primary input from output data line, sensor can be entered by upper computer software The operations such as row emulation, debugging, parameter setting, working procedure download；（2）The power supply of sensor and signal output, in this condition, SCK is useless, and it is directly proportional to detection angular displacement in real time to export a pair of complementary dutycycles by PWMA/MOSI, PWMB/MISO PWM waveform, to improve the antijamming capability of output signal.

In summary, the angular displacement sensor of mechanical rotating shaft on-line monitoring of the present utility model, by permanent magnet, magnetosensitive member Part and lid, half opening elasticity gold on detection circuit board, shaft coupling and connecting shaft, signal output socket, sensor base, sensor Belong to the composition such as snap ring, sensor fixing screws, circuit board fixing screws, magnet fixing screws.Its advantage is：Pass through connection The tested rotating shaft of axle device connection carries out non-contact angle/placement detection, and detection magneto sensor is arranged on the sensor being threadedly coupled with circuit In the cylindrical seal metal shell that upper lid is formed with sensor base, testing result is with a pair of complementary dutycycles and angular displacement PWM waveform output directly proportional θ, is applicable in effective adjustable range, the rotary shaft that specification is different, effectively suppresses whirler The strong electromagnetic of tool monitoring field, make monitoring result more accurately and reliably.

It the foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present utility model and oneself, it is all at this not to limit the utility model Within the spirit and principle of utility model, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., the utility model should be included in Protection domain within.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of angular displacement sensor of mechanical rotating shaft on-line monitoring, including permanent magnet（1）, magneto sensor with detection circuit board （2）, shaft coupling and connecting shaft（3）, signal output socket（4）, sensor base（5）, cover on sensor（6）, half opening elasticity Metal clasp（7）, sensor fixing screws（8）, circuit board fixing screws（9）, magnet fixing screws（10）；It is characterized in that：Institute Sensor is stated by sensor fixing screws（8）It is fixed on the measured position housing of mechanical rotating shaft, passes through shaft coupling and connecting shaft （3）It is connected with the tested rotating shaft of rotating machinery, permanent magnet（1）By magnet fixing screws（10）Be fixed on connection shaft end and with warp Half opening elastic metallic snap ring（7）Radially locking and and sensor base（5）The connecting shaft synchronous axial system of elastic conjunction, measured axis The angular displacement information of rotation is via circuit board fixing screws（9）It is fixed on sensor base（5）Interior magneto sensor and detection electricity Road plate（2）Detect and covered after being converted to data signal by being fixed on sensor（6）Interior signal output socket（4）Output； Magneto sensor, the detection circuit of non-contact detecting angular displacement information are installed in lid and sensor bottom on the sensor of threaded connection In the cylindrical seal metal shell that seat is formed, it can effectively suppress the strong electromagnetic of rotating machinery monitoring field, tie monitoring Fruit is more accurately and reliably.

2. the angular displacement sensor of mechanical rotating shaft on-line monitoring according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：Described magnetosensitive member Part and detection circuit board（2）By magneto sensor HX1, HX2, HY1, HY2, resistance R1 ~ R11, electric capacity C1 ~ C4, double operational IC1, tool There are the single-chip microcomputer IC2 of ADC and PWM functions, output connector JK1 compositions；Magneto sensor HX1, HX2 are separately mounted to X-direction Left and right, magneto sensor HY1, HY2 are separately mounted to the upper and lower of Y-direction, and its magnetic susceptibility point is evenly distributed on a diameter of D1's It is used for reference on circumference to permanent magnet（1）Detected in the magnetic field vertical vector of circuit board surface distribution；Amplifier IC1B, electricity Resistance R1 ~ R4 and amplifier IC1A, the amplifying circuit of resistance R5 ~ R8 compositions are respectively used to the orthogonal correlated components progress to X, Y-direction Differential amplification, amplified signal V_X1-X2、V_Y1-Y2Divide after the LPF formed through electric capacity C3, resistance R9 and electric capacity C4, resistance R10 Single-chip microcomputer IC2 two ADC inputs are not sent；Single-chip microcomputer IC2 sampled to input signal, handle after calculate angle is inclined Move：θ≈arctan(V_Y1-Y2/ V_X1-X2), then by angle skew θ be converted to PWM forms data signal it is defeated by connector JK1 Go out；R10 is pull-up resistor, electric capacity C1 decoupling capacitances, C2 shunt capacitances, the preferred linear hall element of magneto sensor or magnetosensitive electricity Resistance.

3. the angular displacement sensor of mechanical rotating shaft on-line monitoring according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：Described permanent magnetic Iron（1）Be one overlook when from left side to right radial magnetized bipolar circular magnet, a diameter of D, thickness H, magnetic material It is preferred that rare earth AlNiCo/SmCo5 or NdFeB；Thickness H >=2.5mm, magnetic susceptibility point distribution reference circular diameter D1≤diameter D≤magnetic Iron is maximum rotatable with reference to circular diameter D2；During installation, the central axis of circular magnet wants what aligned magnetic sensitive spot distribution reference was justified The center of circle.

4. the angular displacement sensor of mechanical rotating shaft on-line monitoring according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：Described shaft coupling And connecting shaft（3）Including the adjustable junction box and connecting shaft two parts being together by a threaded connection, adjustable junction box by Connect the shaft coupling input of mechanical rotating shaft（5-1）, pass through screw thread and the shaft coupling output end for being connected axis connection（5-2）, adapt to The adjusting screw hole of different size measured axis（5-3）, scalable intermediate plate for being tested shaft locking（5-4）Composition, connecting shaft is by one The connection screw thread that root bearing is connected by machining with adjustable junction box（5-5）, radially fixed connecting shaft is in sensor bottom Seat（5）Radially fixed bayonet socket（5-6）, for fixed permanent magnet（1）Magnet fixing threaded hole（5-7）Form.

5. the angular displacement sensor of mechanical rotating shaft on-line monitoring according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：Described signal is defeated Go out socket（4）It is one to be fixed on sensor and cover by exterior nut cap（6）The core aviation socket of metal shell five, the signal of five cores Definition is VCC, PWMA/MOSI, SCK, PWMB/MISO, GND respectively, can pass through five core shielded cables and monitoring device or emulation Device connects, and for the emulation, debugging and programming of signal output or internal single-chip microcomputer, detection signal output is a pair of complementary duties The PWM waveform more directly proportional than to detection angular displacement in real time.