CN206820487U - Lithium battery group Fast-Balance automatic charger - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of lithium battery group Fast-Balance automatic charger, protects detection circuit, charging circuit, control circuit, battery terminal voltage detection circuit and voltage balancing circuit to form by access；Circuit is detected by battery terminal voltage to feed back the quantity and parameter of access cell; combined charge current sense feedback signal size selects charging modes; ensure that the charging voltage of each cell is in poised state by voltage balancing circuit; charging voltage inputs and battery access has anti-reverse protection; whole charging process is automatically performed under the monitoring and control of control circuit, is participated in without artificial.The utility model is using micro-control unit detection and intelligent decision control charging and equilibrium process, the cell that need to be balanced as equilibrium energy transfer vector, decoder control gating with electrochemical capacitor, realizes safe and efficient balance scheme on the basis of quick charge；Suitable for the Fast-Balance automatic charging of lithium battery group.

Description

Lithium battery group Fast-Balance automatic charger

Technical field

The utility model belongs to battery equilibrium charging device, especially a kind of to be applied to lithium battery of the core number between 2 to 8 The Fast-Balance automatic charger of group.

Background technology

Effect of the Large Copacity chargeable lithium cell for portable equipment increasingly highlight it is important, for all portable equipments come Say, the effect of battery is self-evident, and is directed to an outstanding portable equipment, and the longer standby and working time is undoubtedly one Important judging quota.S represents the core number or cell number of battery pack, and lithium battery is per 3.7 volts of core；If it is 6S lithium battery Group, the total voltage being exactly in series by 6 single lithium batteries are the battery pack of 6x3.7=22.2 volt.

The life-span of battery is directly connected to the normal use of equipment, when the capacity of battery is directly connected to the use of equipment Between, in order to expand the capacity of battery, generally the battery of several pieces of same models is cascaded, while voltage is improved, Extend the one action duration of equipment.If charging for battery pack is using in general charging modes, such as most Battery pack in cells in notebook computer group or charger baby, the so influence actually to battery life are sizable.Lithium Battery pack is generally in series by 2 and more than 2 lithium batteries, and this building form can meet notebook computer, medical treatment simultaneously Voltage and power requirement needed for equipment, tester and commercial Application, but the universal configuration of this application is usually unable to Its maximum effect is played, will be reduced entirely because if the capacity of some series connection cell mismatches with other cells The capacity of battery pack.Battery pack is charged in the case of cell capacity is unbalanced in battery pack, battery pack can be caused Supersaturation occurs in larger damage, the cell that voltage is higher, capacity is larger in the case of constant-current charge, and electric Press relatively low, the less cell of capacity that under-voltage phenomenon then occurs.

Existing equilibrium charging technology is broadly divided into energy expenditure type, energy transfer etc., energy expenditure type balance scheme Using power resistor as vent diverter, its is simple in construction, cost is low, improves the disequilibrium of lithium battery group, but observable index Higher, waste electric energy, efficiency are low, and temperature rise reduces the reliability of charging equipment；In addition because the shunting of resistance so that Constant current charging method can not be carried out, and can only pass through less electric current in the charge circuit of battery pack so that the efficiency of charging is significantly Reduce.Energy transfer directed energy converter controls transformation on the basis of monomer battery voltage is monitored, using photo-coupler The conversion of device both ends energy, but unidirectional balance is not suitable for active balancing.Energy transfer two-way type energy converter is from high pressure list Body battery directly adjusts energy conversion to low pressure cell, dynamic input and output direction, has optimal balance efficiency, but It is complicated, volume is larger, cost is of a relatively high because energy converter uses transformer.Therefore, exploitation one kind is applied to lithium Efficient, easy, the intelligent charging equipment of battery Fast-Balance automatic charging is very necessary.

The content of the invention

For insufficient existing for current lithium battery balancing charging apparatus, it is quick that the utility model discloses a kind of lithium battery group Balance automatic charger.

The technical solution adopted in the utility model is：A kind of lithium battery group Fast-Balance automatic charger, including access are protected Shield detection circuit, charging circuit, control circuit, battery terminal voltage detection circuit and voltage balancing circuit；Access protection detection electricity Road and access charge power supply and pond group to be charged, charging circuit, control circuit, battery terminal voltage detection circuit and balance of voltage electricity Lu Junyou is electrically connected, for judging the polarity of access charge power supply and pond group to be charged and only making charging when polarity access is correct Loop turns on, and detection access supply voltage ADC0, pond group voltage ADC1 to be charged, charging current ADC2 send control circuit and controlled Feedback control signal OUTK1 disconnects pond group to be charged when circuit judges charging current processed transfinites, and is also charging circuit, control electricity Road, battery terminal voltage detection circuit and voltage balancing circuit provide working power VCC；Charging circuit controls in control circuit output Charging current is provided for pond group to be charged under signal PWM1, PWM2, OUTK0 control, battery terminal voltage detection electric circuit inspection is treated The terminal voltage of each single lithium battery of rechargable battery group is simultaneously divided under the control of control circuit output control signal OUTK2, OUTK3 When be sent to ADC3, ADC4, ADC5, ADC6 of control circuit, control circuit is balanced according to each single lithium battery terminal voltage After decision-making output control signal OUTK4, OUTK5, OUTK6, OUTK7 to voltage balancing circuit to realize the quick flat of lithium battery group Weigh automatic charging.

In the utility model, access protection detection circuit is included by resistance R1, electric capacity C5 ~ C6 and voltage-releasing voltage stabilizer IC1 The operating voltage generation module of composition, to provide the working power VCC needed for charger circuit；By electric capacity C1 ~ C4, resistance R2 The charge power supply access protection module of ~ R3 and FET VT1 compositions, for preventing electric power polarity reversed and being carried out to power supply other Road filters and decoupling filter；The supply voltage detection module being made up of resistance R4 ~ R8, electric capacity C7 and amplifier IC2A, for real-time Detection access charge power supply voltage ADC0 is simultaneously output to control circuit；By resistance R9 ~ R19, electric capacity C8 ~ C12, triode VT2, field Effect pipe VT3 and the pond to be charged access protection of amplifier IC2C, IC2D composition and voltage detection module, for group pole in pond to be charged Property it is reversed prevent, battery-end filtering, battery voltage ADC1 are detected and are output to control circuit, while can be in control circuit output Disconnect pond group to be charged under control signal OUTK1 control；It is made up of resistance R20 ~ R25, electric capacity C13 ~ C14 and amplifier IC2B Charging current detection module, the real-time current ADC2 for reflecting in charging process change and export detection signal to control electricity Road.

In the utility model, charging circuit by resistance R26 ~ R40, electric capacity C15 ~ C16, diode D1 ~ D2, inductance L1, Triode VT6 ~ VT11, FET VT4 ~ VT5 and comparator IC3A, IC3B composition, can be in control circuit output control signal Charging current is provided for pond group to be charged under PWM1, PWM2, OUTK0 control, when cell voltage is less than access charging voltage Charged using decompression mode, charged when cell voltage is higher than access charging voltage using boosting mode；With upper electric protection and The function of started by control circuit, stopping.

In the utility model, control circuit by resistance R108 ~ R109, electric capacity C26 ~ C28, dichromatic LED LED, DLL JK01 and the micro-control unit IC12 compositions with PWM, ADC；Micro-control unit IC12 is according to access supply voltage ADC0, battery voltage ADC1, charging current ADC2 testing result change output control signal PWM1, PWM2, OUTK0, OUTK1 selects charging modes and control charging process, and according to each single lithium battery end real-time voltage in charging process Output control signal OUTK4, OUTK5, OUTK6, OUTK7 are put down to voltage after ADC3, ADC4, ADC5, ADC6 are balanced decision-making Circuit weigh to realize the Fast-Balance and automatic charging of each cell of battery pack；Dichromatic LED LED fills for instruction Electricity condition, DLL JK01 are used to initialize the control program inside micro-control unit.

In the utility model, 1 simulation is selected in the electric routing resistance R43 ~ R82 of battery terminal voltage detection, electric capacity C17 ~ C24,42 Switch IC6 and four high guaily unit IC4 ~ IC5 compositions；2 four high guaily units IC4, IC5 form 8 subtraction moulds with corresponding resistance, electric capacity Block, for detecting the voltage difference at 8 cell both ends, 8 detection output signals are connected to 42 and select that 1 analog switch IC6's is defeated Enter end, 2 select 1 analog switch IC6 under the control of control circuit output control signal OUTK2, OUTK3 at twice by 8 detections Signal is sent to ADC3, ADC4, ADC5, ADC6 input of control circuit.

In the utility model, voltage balancing circuit is by resistance R83 ~ R107, balancing capacitance C25,16 FETs VT13 ~ VT28,4 four-way photoelectrical coupler IC8 ~ IC11 and 3/8 decoder IC7 compositions；Except field is imitated in 16 FETs Should pipe VT21 be N-channel pipe it is outer remaining be all P-channel pipe, effectively controlled by corresponding 16 road optocoupler low level, wherein 8 fields The drain electrode of effect pipe is connected to balancing capacitance C25 positive ends together and its source electrode is respectively connecting to the height of 8 cells Potential end, the drain electrode of another 8 FETs is connected to balancing capacitance C25 negative polarity end together and its source electrode is respectively connecting to 8 The cold end of individual cell, the FET control signal at each cell both ends is connected in optocoupler LED side It is in parallel and be connected to 3/8 decoder IC7 decoding output end；3/8 decoder IC7 Enable Pin is pulled up by resistance R83 when upper electric Or 3/8 decoder IC7 output is all high by control circuit output OUTK7=1 when need not balance, 16 FETs break entirely Open；Need balance when, by control circuit output OUTK7=0 enable 3/8 decoder IC7 and simultaneously export option code OUTK4, OUTK5, OUTK6, charge or discharge are carried out to balancing capacitance C25 to gate a cell.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are：Charged using micro-control unit detection and intelligent decision control and equilibrated Journey, the cell that need to be balanced as equilibrium energy transfer vector, decoder control gating with electrochemical capacitor, in quick charge On the basis of realize safe and efficient balance scheme；Suitable for the Fast-Balance automatic charging of lithium battery group.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is general structure block diagram of the present utility model；

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the utility model access protection detection circuit embodiments；

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the utility model charging circuit embodiment；

Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the utility model control circuit embodiment；

Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the utility model battery terminal voltage detection circuit embodiments；

Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the utility model voltage balancing circuit embodiment.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the utility model embodiment, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the utility model is carried out Clearly and completely describe；Obviously, described embodiment is only the utility model part of the embodiment, rather than whole Embodiment.Based on the embodiment in the utility model, those of ordinary skill in the art are not under the premise of creative work is made The every other embodiment obtained, belong to the scope of the utility model protection.

Referring to accompanying drawing 1, a kind of lithium battery group Fast-Balance automatic charger, including access protection detection circuit, charging electricity Road, control circuit, battery terminal voltage detection circuit and voltage balancing circuit.Access protection detection circuit with access charge power supply and Pond group, charging circuit, control circuit, battery terminal voltage detection circuit and voltage balancing circuit to be charged have electrical connection, are used for Judge the polarity of access charge power supply and pond group to be charged and only turn on charge circuit when polarity access is correct, detection access Supply voltage ADC0, pond group voltage ADC1 to be charged, charging current ADC2 send control circuit and judge charging electricity in control circuit Feedback control signal OUTK1 disconnects pond group to be charged when stream transfinites, and is also charging circuit, the inspection of control circuit, battery terminal voltage Slowdown monitoring circuit and voltage balancing circuit provide working power VCC；Charging circuit control circuit output control signal PWM1, PWM2, Charging current is provided for pond group to be charged under OUTK0 control, battery terminal voltage detects each of electric circuit inspection pond group to be charged The terminal voltage of single lithium battery and under the control of control circuit output control signal OUTK2, OUTK3 timing transmission to control electricity ADC3, ADC4, ADC5, the ADC6 on road, control circuit are balanced output control after decision-making according to each single lithium battery terminal voltage Signal OUTK4, OUTK5, OUTK6, OUTK7 are to voltage balancing circuit to realize the Fast-Balance automatic charging of lithium battery group.

Accompanying drawing 2 is the schematic diagram of the utility model access protection detection circuit embodiments.Access protection detection circuit includes The operating voltage generation module being made up of resistance R1, electric capacity C5 ~ C6 and voltage-releasing voltage stabilizer IC1, to provide needed for other circuits Working power VCC；The charge power supply being made up of electric capacity C1 ~ C4, resistance R2 ~ R3 and FET VT1 accesses protection module, uses In preventing electric power polarity reversed and power supply carried out to bypass filtering and decoupling filter；By resistance R4 ~ R8, electric capacity C7 and amplifier IC2A The supply voltage detection module of composition, for detecting access charge power supply voltage in real time and exporting ADC0 to control circuit；By electricity The pond to be charged access for hindering R9 ~ R19, electric capacity C8 ~ C12, triode VT2, FET VT3 and amplifier IC2C, IC2D composition is protected Shield and voltage detection module, prevented for group reverse polarity connection in pond to be charged, battery-end is filtered, battery voltage is detected and exported ADC1 disconnects under control circuit output control signal OUTK1 control pond group to be charged to control circuit；By electricity The charging current detection module of R20 ~ R25, electric capacity C13 ~ C14 and amplifier IC2B compositions is hindered, for reflecting the reality in charging process When curent change and export detection signal ADC2 to control circuit.In Fig. 2, charge power supply is connected to access protection detection circuit V_IN+, V_IN-, interference of the noise to charger in itself that bypass filter capacitor C1, C2, C3 are used to reduce on access power supply, are moved back Coupling filter capacitor C4 is used to reduce interference of the noise caused by charger to external power supply.Resistance R2, R3 and FET VT1 groups Into ideal diode circuit, power supply is connected into the earth loop of charger, to prevent charge power supply reversal connection；Work as plant-grid connection When correct, there is voltage between the grid source electrode of FET, FET can turn on；When plant-grid connection is reverse, FET Grid source electrode between no-voltage and can not turn on, charger does not just work.FET VT1 is that the enhanced field-effect of N-channel is brilliant Body pipe, it should be selected according to the charging voltage of series battery and electric current, if charging current is 2 ~ 3A in the present embodiment, optional model Have：AO4468, BS0119N03, P1103BVG, TM4422 etc.；By taking AO4468 as an example, it uses SO8 to encapsulate, design parameter V_DS= 30V、I_D=11.6A(V_GS=10V)、R_DS(ON)<14mΩ(V_GS=10V)；In Fig. 2, if R2=4.7K Ω, R3=200K Ω, V_IN+ with During voltage Vin=+ 15V between V_IN-, V_GS=15*200/204.7 V≈14.7 V；The advantages of circuitry instead diode is It is lost small, because diode has individual forward voltage drop 0.7V, and FET can accomplish 10-30 in resistive, in general Milliohm, if calculated according to 2A charging currents, diode consumption 1.4W, and the maximum only 0.06W of FET.By resistance R4 ~ R8, electric capacity C7 and amplifier IC2A carry out supply voltage detection and export ADC0 to control circuit；Wherein resistance R8 and electric capacity C7 groups It is used to filter out the High-frequency Interference on signal ADC0 into a low-pass first order filter, if taking R8=4.7K Ω, C7=1uF, its section Only frequency=Hz of 1/2 π * 4.7K*1u ≈ 33.86；Resistance R4 ~ R7 and amplifier IC1A forms a subtraction circuit and connect for detection Enter supply voltage, resistance R4 ~ R7 span should be according to access voltage V_IN and the A/D converter input voltage of control circuit Scope comprehensive selection, if supply voltage V_IN=15V, R4=R6=680K Ω, R5=R7=120K Ω are taken, then V_ADC0=15* R5/ R4=2.647V.By resistance R9 ~ R19, electric capacity C8 ~ C12, triode VT2, FET VT3 and amplifier IC2C, IC2D group Into pond to be charged access protection and voltage detection module；Electric capacity C8 ~ C11 is connected to group both ends in pond to be charged and forms a π type Filter network is used to filter out the ripple interference that battery pack both ends are formed during charging and balance；Battery pack accesses Check up polarity The comparison circuit being made up of resistance R9 ~ R12 and amplifier IC2D realizes that amplifier IC2D is defeated when having battery pack to access and polarity is correct Go out makes FET VT3 conductings enter normal charging condition through resistance R16, when being accessed without battery pack or accessing incorrect polarity, FET VT3 turns off charge circuit；When upper electric, before control circuit does not also have normal work, VT2 is made by pull-up resistor R17 Conducting, FET VT3 are off state, and after control circuit normal work, output control signal OUTK1=0 enters circuit Enter the working condition that charges, when detecting that charging current transfinites, output control signal OUTK1=1 disconnects pond group to be charged；Electricity Resistance R11 ~ R14 and amplifier IC2C forms a subtraction circuit and is used to detect group voltage in pond to be charged, resistance R11 ~ R14 value model Enclose and depend on group voltage swing in pond to be charged, for 5S battery packs, its voltage V_BAT=3.7V*5=18.5 V, if taking R11=R13 =680K Ω, R12=R14=100K Ω, then V_ADC1=18.5* R12/ R11=2.721V；Resistance R15 and electric capacity C12 compositions one Individual low-pass first order filter is used to filter out the High-frequency Interference on signal ADC1, if taking R15=5.1K Ω, C12=1uF, it ends The π * 4.7K*1u ≈ 31.21Hz of frequency=1/2.The charging current being made up of resistance R20 ~ R25, electric capacity C13 ~ C14 and amplifier IC2B Detection module, the real-time current for reflecting in charging process change and export detection signal ADC2 to control circuit；Resistance R22, electric capacity C14 and resistance R25, electric capacity C13 respectively form a low-pass first order filter and are used to filter out current detecting input respectively With the High-frequency Interference in output signal, R20, R21 are two 0.1 Ω parallel-current sampling resistor, resistance R23 ~ R24 and amplifier IC2B forms an in-phase amplifier, if taking R23=1.3K Ω, R24=10K Ω, amplifier IC2B multiplication factor is 1+10/ 1.3=8.69 times, if maximum current 5A, maximum output voltage is 0.05*5*8.69=2.173V.Resistance R1, electric capacity C5 ~ C6 and The operating voltage generation module of voltage-releasing voltage stabilizer IC1 compositions, to provide the work electricity in the utility model needed for other parts Source VCC.

Accompanying drawing 3 is the schematic diagram of the utility model charging circuit embodiment.Charging circuit is by resistance R26 ~ R40, electric capacity C15 ~ C16, diode D1 ~ D2, inductance L1, triode VT6 ~ VT11, FET VT4 ~ VT5 and comparator IC3A, IC3B composition, Charging current can be provided for pond group to be charged under control circuit output control signal PWM1, PWM2, OUTK0 control, work as electricity Charged when cell voltage is less than access charging voltage using decompression mode, when cell voltage is higher than access charging voltage using boosting Mode charges；The function of start with upper electric protection and by control circuit, stopping.DC/DC converters for charging mainly have Six kinds, i.e. buck（Buck）DC/DC converters, boost type（Boost）DC/DC converters, voltage raising and reducing formula（Buck Boost）DC/DC converters, Cuk DC/DC converters, Zeta DC/DC converters and SEPIC DC/DC converters；Wherein, Buck and Boost formula DC/DC converters are basic, and Buck-Boost, Cuk, Zeta, SEPIC formula DC/DC converters are therefrom Derive from.Charging circuit is used by FET VT4 ~ VT5, diode D1 ~ D2, triode in the utility model embodiment The Buck-Boost circuits that VT6 ~ VT11, resistance R26 ~ R40, inductance L1, electric capacity C15 ~ C16 and dual comparator IC3 are formed, its work Make power supply V_IN+, logic power VCC, reference ground GND and be respectively connecting to access protection detection circuit.When electric in charging main circuit, Before control circuit there also is not normal work, turn on VT10 and VT11 by pull-up resistor R27, FET VT4, VT5 are in Off state, to ensure circuit safety；After control circuit normal work, output control signal OUTK0=0 makes circuit enter work State；In charging process, when such as there is overvoltage, excessively stream or other phenomena of the failure, the exportable control signal OUTK0=of control circuit 1 shut-off FET VT4, VT5.Buck is used when the voltage of rechargeable battery is less than supply voltage（Buck）Charging, when filling The voltage of battery uses boost type when being more than supply voltage（Boost）Charging, it is higher than with the voltage for ensureing actually to charge and waits to fill Cell voltage.When working in Buck modes, comparator IC3A receives the PWM1 signals control of control circuit output, and its output passes through Triode pipe VT6 works with VT7, resistance R37 and R38 driving FET VT4, and charge power supply V_IN+ is defeated by VT4-L1-D2 Go out, D1 afterflows when VT4 is turned off；Now the PWM2 signals of the control circuit output of comparator IC3B in-phase ends remain low level, Boost circuit part is set to be stopped；FET VT4 is P-channel enhancement type field-effect transistor, should be according to series battery Charging voltage and electric current select, there is optional model in the present embodiment：AO4409、AO4467、TPC8107、TPC8108、 P1003EVG etc.；By taking AO4409 as an example, it uses SO8 to encapsulate, design parameter V_DS=-30V、I_D=-15A、R_DS(ON)<7.5mΩ(V_GS =-10V)、R_DS(ON)<12mΩ(V_GS=-4.5V).When working in Boost modes, comparator IC3B receives control circuit output PWM2 signals are controlled, and it is exported is worked by triode pipe VT8 and VT9, resistance R39 and R40 driving FET VT5, charging Power supply V_IN+ is exported by VT4-L1- VT5-D2, and VT5 boosts when turning off, now comparator IC3A control circuit output PWM1 signals remain high level so that FET VT4 is in the conduction state；FET VT5 is the enhanced field effect of N-channel Transistor is answered, should be selected according to the charging voltage of series battery with electric current, there is optional model in the present embodiment：IRF7413、 AO4410, FSD6670, FDS6680, P0803BVG etc.；By taking IRF7413 as an example, it uses SO8 to encapsulate, design parameter V_DS=30V、 I_D=12A、R_DS(ON)<11mΩ(V_GS=10V).Diode D1 ~ D2 should select Schottky（Schottky）Diode, also known as Schottky Barrier diode（Abbreviation SBD）, such as：SS34, it belongs to a kind of low-power consumption, ultra-speed semiconductor device；Most significant feature is anti- It is extremely short to recovery time（It may diminish to several nanoseconds）, forward conduction voltage drop only 0.4V or so；It is more as high frequency, low pressure, big electricity Flow commutation diode, fly-wheel diode, protection diode.Inductance L1 can not with magnet too small (due energy can not be deposited), Too thin (pulse current is big, and it is big the to have line loss) inductance of line footpath.No matter charging circuit of the present utility model works in Buck modes Or Boost modes, its charging process are substantially exactly the energy transfer process of an inductance, and inductance L1 first absorbs energy, connect It is that inductance L1 releases energy, if electric capacity C16 capacity is sufficiently large, then maintain a stable electricity in output end can Pressure；If this process constantly repeats, it is possible in the charging voltage that electric capacity both ends are stablized.Filled to improve the utility model The conversion efficiency of electric installation, typically to set about in terms of three：（1）The impedance in loop, makes when reducing switching tube conducting as far as possible Electric energy is as much as possible to be converted into magnetic energy；（2）The impedance of load circuit is reduced as far as possible, makes magnetic energy is as much as possible to be converted into electricity Can, the loss of coincidence circuit is minimum；（3）The consumption of control circuit is reduced as far as possible, because for charging device, control electricity The consumption on road slatterns in some sense, it is impossible to the energy being converted into battery pack.Due to the utility model charger work Make on off state, and the switching frequency of PWM controls is higher, and high frequency ripple interference is inevitably formed on electric capacity C16, The ripple absorbing circuit of resistance R32 ~ R33, electric capacity C15 composition is introduced for this.

Accompanying drawing 4 is the schematic diagram of the utility model control circuit embodiment.Control circuit is by resistance R108 ~ R109, electric capacity C26 ~ C28, dichromatic LED LED, DLL JK01 and the micro-control unit IC12 with PWM, ADC are formed；Micro-control Unit processed changes output control according to access supply voltage ADC0, battery voltage ADC1, charging current ADC2 testing result Signal PWM1, PWM2, OUTK0, OUTK1 select charging modes and control charging process, and according to each list in charging process Body lithium battery end real-time voltage ADC3, ADC4, ADC5, ADC6 be balanced output control signal OUTK4, OUTK5 after decision-making, OUTK6, OUTK7 are to voltage balancing circuit to realize the Fast-Balance and automatic charging of each cell of battery pack；Dual color light emitting Diode (LED) is used to indicate charged state, and DLL JK01 is used to initialize the control program inside micro-control unit.This reality To apply example and charging method is introduced with nominal 3.7V lithium battery, the final voltage of nominal 3.7V lithium batteries can reach 4.2V, by Determine that it has special property in the internal structure of lithium battery, therefore lithium battery can not overcharge；If to lithium battery Overcharged, battery will lose too many and damage because of Li+, and lithium battery must pass through specific constant-current constant-voltage charging equipment For battery charging；Constant-current charge is carried out to lithium battery first, when battery global voltage reaches 4.2V, keeps pressure constant state Continue to charge, during constant-voltage charge, if electric current is less than 100mA, it is necessary to immediately stop；The electric current of charging is battery capacity 1.0~1.5 times, such as the theoretical capacity of lithium battery is 1470mAh, then its charging current just should 1470~2205mA it Between, it is used as charging current then to need 2~3 hours of charging according to 1.5 times of lithium battery capacity.Normal charge method has：Constant pressure Charging, constant-current charge and the constant current/constant voltage sublevel segmentation charging improved herein on basis, the utility model is using mixed Close the mise-a-la-masse method of constant current/constant voltage.The charging process of mixing constant current/constant voltage mise-a-la-masse method is that segmentation is carried out, and is charged to save The overall time of journey, first using constant current；After cell voltage rises to respective threshold, using the constant electricity of threshold size Pressure；To slowly it diminish with time increase charging current, when being reduced to the 1/10 or 1/20 of battery capacity, charging process terminates； That is, when charging current value is less than the 1/10 of battery capacity, the capacity of battery recovery 90% or so；In Remaining Stages, battery Capacity does not have significant change, but required time dramatically increases；This charging method can make up lithium battery because of constant-current secondary The unappeasable part of charging institute, is one of optimal charge method of lithium battery；It is necessary in order to reduce the infringement overcharged to battery When can also use multi-stage constant current charging method；Different magnitudes of voltage is set in different phase so that electric current successively decreases step by step to be continued Charging, when voltage reaches predetermined value, using the constant current charge being gradually reduced；When voltage rises to next predetermined value When, continue to reduce electric current；The rest may be inferred, to end since charging process, the increase of voltage while electric current reduces；This side Although method can reduce overcharge on battery in itself caused by influence, phenomena such as charging interval is longer, electric current is easily undergone mutation；Choosing Should be depending on different types of battery and parameter when taking.ADC of the present utility model is gathered under the control of micro-control unit and connect Enter protection detection circuit, the detection signal of battery terminal voltage detection circuit, entered by micro-control unit according to battery characteristics and parameter Row intelligent decision, then output a control signal to access protection detection circuit, charging circuit, control circuit, battery terminal voltage inspection Slowdown monitoring circuit and voltage balancing circuit are to realize the automation of whole charging process.The optional monolithic of micro-control unit of the present utility model Any one in the embedded microprocessor such as machine, DSP, ARM, FPGA, be preferably internally integrated clock and reset, ADC, PWM and I/O mouth lines meet the embedded microprocessor of application requirement, and CPU module structure simplification of the present utility model can be made to improve system Reliability；Micro-control unit in the present embodiment have selected STM8S903 single-chip microcomputers, and STM8S903 single-chip microcomputers use advanced STM8 Kernel, the Harvard structure with 3 level production lines, there are program Flash, data EEPROM, the 1K word of 640 bytes of 8K bytes in piece The RAM of section, 10 ADC, 2 timers（PWM）, UART, SPI, I2C, fully meet in the utility model to micro-control unit Requirement.

Accompanying drawing 5 is the schematic diagram of the utility model battery terminal voltage detection circuit embodiments.Battery terminal voltage detects circuit 1 analog switch IC6 and four high guaily unit IC4 ~ IC5 is selected to form by resistance R43 ~ R82, electric capacity C17 ~ C24,42；2 four high guaily unit IC4, IC5 forms 8 subtraction blocks with corresponding resistance, electric capacity, and for detecting the voltage difference at 8 cell both ends, 8 detections are defeated Go out signal and be connected to 42 inputs for selecting 1 analog switch IC6, IC6 is in control circuit output control signal OUTK2, OUTK3 8 detection signals are sent to ADC3, ADC4, ADC5, ADC6 input of control circuit at twice under control.Battery terminal voltage Detect V_IN+, VCC, GND of circuit and access protects detection circuit to be connected, B0, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9 connect The end points of group each cell in pond to be charged is connected to, 8 cell terminal voltage detecting outputs are connected to 42 and select 1 analog switch IC6 8 inputs, the Cleaning Principle of 8 subtraction blocks is consistent, with resistance R43 ~ R47, electric capacity C17 and amplifier IC4A Exemplified by the first passage detection circuit of composition：If the terminal voltage V of cell_BAT+-V_BAT-=4.2V, takes R43=R46=510K Ω, R44=R47=270K Ω, then V_BATin1= R44/ R43*( V_BAT+-V_BAT-)=2.224V, meet the input of A/D converter It is required that resistance R45 and electric capacity C17 forms a low pass filter, for filtering out the High-frequency Interference composition in circuit；The circuit In, amplifier IC4, IC5 selects operating voltage to meet desired General operational amplifier, and resistance selects the less metalfilmresistor of temperature drift, electric capacity choosing The preferable ceramic disc capacitor of high frequency characteristics.42 select 1 analog switch IC6 to sample the realization of the chips such as CD4053, MAX4783, this implementation Example preferably 4 passage low-resistance wide-band bidirectional analog switch chip CH440, piece is interior to be switched comprising 4 passage single pole double throw analogs, high band Wide, low on-resistance；IC6 is enabled by control signal OUTK3, and chip does not work during OUTK3=1, is believed by control during OUTK3=0 Number OUTK2 level determines the passage of selection output；What it was output to ADC3, ADC4, ADC5, ADC6 during OUTK2=0 is the 2nd, 4th, the terminal voltage of 6,8 cells, what it was output to ADC3, ADC4, ADC5, ADC6 during OUTK2=1 is the 1st, 3,5,7 The terminal voltage of cell.

Accompanying drawing 6 is the schematic diagram of the utility model voltage balancing circuit embodiment.Voltage balancing circuit by resistance R83 ~ R107, balancing capacitance C25,16 FET VT13 ~ VT28, the decodings of 4 four-way photoelectrical coupler IC8 ~ IC11 and 3/8 Device device IC7 is formed；Remaining is all P-channel pipe in addition to VT21 is N-channel pipe in 16 FETs, by corresponding 16 road optocoupler Low level effectively controls, wherein the drain electrode of 8 FETs is connected to balancing capacitance C25 positive ends and its source electrode point together The hot end of 8 cells is not connected to, and the drain electrode of another 8 FETs is connected to balancing capacitance C25 negative pole together Property end and its source electrode are respectively connecting to the cold end of 8 cells, connect the field-effect management and control at each cell both ends Signal processed is in parallel in optocoupler LED side and is connected to 3/8 decoder device IC7 decoding output end；3/8 decodes when upper electric IC7 output is set to be all high by control circuit output OUTK7=1 when device device IC7 Enable Pin is pulled up or need not balanced by R83, 16 FETs disconnect entirely；When needing balance, IC7 is enabled by control circuit output OUTK7=0 and exports option code simultaneously OUTK4, OUTK5, OUTK6, charge or discharge are carried out to balancing capacitance C25 to gate a cell.Pass through battery-end electricity Pressure detection circuit detect in real time battery pack to be charged each cell both end voltage it is conditioned ADC3, ADC4, ADC5, ADC6 is connected to control circuit, and control circuit carries out intelligent decision and output control code according to the real-time terminal voltage of each cell The work of OUTK4, OUTK5, OUTK6, OUTK7 control voltage balancing circuitry is to realize that the intelligent balance for treating rechargeable battery set fills Electricity.When more piece cell is used in series, situation about being first full of occurs because battery behavior is different, during charging, if filled again There can be damage to battery, it is therefore desirable to will be filled with volume battery and stop charging, underfill continues to charge, and here it is equilibrium charging. The balance first purpose is to extend battery life to reduce its use cost, and non-dissipative type balance mode will be future thrust, It is crucial the time required to shortening balance as far as possible；Condenser type balancing circuitry wherein using electric capacity as energy-storage travelling wave tube has cost The low advantage of low, small volume, energy loss.In resistance R83 ~ R107, balancing capacitance C25,16 FET VT13 ~ VT28,4 In the voltage balancing circuit of individual four-way photoelectrical coupler IC8 ~ IC11 and 3/8 decoder device IC7 compositions, drain electrode is connected to electricity The source electrode for holding 8 FET VT13 ~ VT20 of C25 anodes is connected respectively the hot end to 8 cells, drains The source electrode for being connected to 8 FET VT21 ~ VT28 of electric capacity C25 negative terminals is connected respectively the low electricity to 8 cells Position end, as long as hot end is identical with the control code of cold end FET and only a FET turns on every time, then may be used Ensure selection conducting every time is all two ends of a cell；Electric capacity C25 and FET selection and switching frequency phase Close, switching frequency is higher, capacitance is smaller, FET conducting electric current is smaller, and in the present embodiment, electric capacity C25 is 100uF tantalum Electric capacity, FET are all IRF7314 in addition to VT21, and IRF7314 encapsulates two P-channel field-effect transistor (PEFT) transistors using SO8, specifically Parameter V_DS=-20V、I_D=-5.3A、R_DS(ON)<0.049Ω(V_GS=-4.5V)、R_DS(ON)<0.082Ω(V_GS=-2.7V), VT21 N Slot field-effect transistor, select basic parameter similar with IRF7314.To make balancing capacitance C25 in charge or discharge During be to be connected with two of cell ends every time, the control to FET use by resistance R92 ~ R107, The balance control switching circuit of photoelectric isolated driver IC8 ~ IC11 and decoder IC7 compositions；IC8 ~ IC11 is 4 four-ways Photoisolator, with input diode side anode current-limiting resistance R84 ~ R91 and output triode side colelctor electrode pull-up resistor or penetrating Pole pull down resistor R92 ~ R107 forms the drive circuit of 16 FETs together, and wherein FET VT21's is driven to emitter-base bandgap grading Output circuit, when two Light emitting diode side cathodic control level are " 1 ", diode does not light, and phototriode is in open circuit shape State, the grid of FET is through pulling up as height（VT21 is that drop-down is low）FET is off, works as light-emitting diodes When cathodic control level in pipe side is " 0 ", LED lighting, phototriode is in the conduction state, and the grid of FET is low （VT21 grid is height）Make FET in the conduction state；Decoder IC7 is the line decoding unit of 3 lines → 8, and decoding is defeated Go out to be connected respectively to the negative electrode of control LED side corresponding to 16 FETs, wherein each cell both ends are corresponding The negative electrode of two control LED sides of FET is linked together, and decoder is enabled by control signal OUTK7, when During OUTK7=" 1 ", 3/8 decoding output signal is " 1 " to be turned on without FET, when OUTK7=" 0 ", decoding unit it is defeated Go out signal to be determined by control code OUTK4, OUTK5, OUTK6 level, decoding output during [OUTK6, OUTK5, OUTK4]=000 [Y7, Y6, Y5, Y4, Y3, Y2, Y1, Y0]=11111110, decoding output during [OUTK6, OUTK5, OUTK4]=001 [Y7, Y6, Y5, Y4, Y3, Y2, Y1, Y0]=11111101, decoding output during [OUTK6, OUTK5, OUTK4]=010 [Y7, Y6, Y5, Y4, Y3, Y2, Y1, Y0]=11111011, decoding output during [OUTK6, OUTK5, OUTK4]=011 [Y7, Y6, Y5, Y4, Y3, Y2, Y1, Y0]=11110111, decoding output [Y7, Y6, Y5, Y4, Y3, Y2, Y1, Y0] during [OUTK6, OUTK5, OUTK4]=100= 11101111, decoding output [Y7, Y6, Y5, Y4, Y3, Y2, Y1, Y0] during [OUTK6, OUTK5, OUTK4]=101= 11011111, decoding output [Y7, Y6, Y5, Y4, Y3, Y2, Y1, Y0] during [OUTK6, OUTK5, OUTK4]=110= 10111111, decoding output [Y7, Y6, Y5, Y4, Y3, Y2, Y1, Y0] during [OUTK6, OUTK5, OUTK4]=111= 01111111, so making every time switching balancing capacitance C25 is connected with two ends of a cell, ensure that balance is cut Change the security of process.

In summary, the utility model protects detection circuit, charging circuit, control circuit, battery terminal voltage to examine by access Slowdown monitoring circuit and voltage balancing circuit composition；Circuit is detected by battery terminal voltage to feed back the quantity and parameter of access cell, Combined charge current sense feedback signal size selects charging modes, ensures each cell by voltage balancing circuit Charging voltage is in poised state, and charging voltage input and battery access have anti-reverse protection, and whole charging process is controlling It is automatically performed under the monitoring and control of circuit, is participated in without artificial.The beneficial effects of the utility model are：Using microcontroller list Member detection and intelligent decision control charging and equilibrium process, with electrochemical capacitor as equilibrium energy transfer vector, decoder control The cell that system gating need to balance, realizes safe and efficient balance scheme on the basis of quick charge；Suitable for lithium electricity The Fast-Balance automatic charging of pond group.

It the foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present utility model and oneself, it is all at this not to limit the utility model Within the spirit and principle of utility model, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., the utility model should be included in Protection domain within.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of lithium battery group Fast-Balance automatic charger, including access protection detection circuit, charging circuit, control circuit, Battery terminal voltage detects circuit and voltage balancing circuit；Access protection detection circuit with access charge power supply and pond group to be charged, Charging circuit, control circuit, battery terminal voltage detection circuit and voltage balancing circuit have electrical connection, for judging access charging The polarity of power supply and pond group to be charged simultaneously only turns on charge circuit when polarity access is correct, detection access supply voltage ADC0, pond group voltage ADC1 to be charged, charging current ADC2 send control circuit and when control circuit judges that charging current transfinites Feedback control signal OUTK1 disconnects pond group to be charged, be also charging circuit, control circuit, battery terminal voltage detection circuit and Voltage balancing circuit provides working power VCC；Control of the charging circuit in control circuit output control signal PWM1, PWM2, OUTK0 System is lower to provide charging current for pond group to be charged, and battery terminal voltage detects each single lithium battery of electric circuit inspection pond group to be charged Terminal voltage and under the control of control circuit output control signal OUTK2, OUTK3 timing transmission to control circuit ADC3, ADC4, ADC5, ADC6, control circuit according to each single lithium battery terminal voltage be balanced output control signal OUTK4 after decision-making, OUTK5, OUTK6, OUTK7 are to voltage balancing circuit to realize the Fast-Balance automatic charging of lithium battery group.

2. lithium battery group Fast-Balance automatic charger according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：Described access protection inspection Slowdown monitoring circuit includes the operating voltage generation module being made up of resistance R1, electric capacity C5 ~ C6 and voltage-releasing voltage stabilizer IC1, is filled to provide Working power VCC needed for appliance circuit；Connect by electric capacity C1 ~ C4, resistance R2 ~ R3 and FET the VT1 charge power supply formed Enter protection module, for preventing electric power polarity reversed and power supply being carried out to bypass filtering and decoupling filter；By resistance R4 ~ R8, electricity Hold the supply voltage detection module of C7 and amplifier IC2A compositions, for detecting access charge power supply voltage ADC0 in real time and being output to Control circuit；Treated by what resistance R9 ~ R19, electric capacity C8 ~ C12, triode VT2, FET VT3 and amplifier IC2C, IC2D formed Rechargable battery access protection and voltage detection module, prevented for group reverse polarity connection in pond to be charged, battery-end filters, battery voltage ADC1 is detected and is output to control circuit, while can make pond to be charged under control circuit output control signal OUTK1 control Group disconnects；The charging current detection module being made up of resistance R20 ~ R25, electric capacity C13 ~ C14 and amplifier IC2B, charged for reflecting During real-time current ADC2 change and export detection signal to control circuit.

3. lithium battery group Fast-Balance automatic charger according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：Described charging circuit by Resistance R26 ~ R40, electric capacity C15 ~ C16, diode D1 ~ D2, inductance L1, triode VT6 ~ VT11, FET VT4 ~ VT5 and ratio Formed compared with device IC3A, IC3B, can be pond group to be charged under control circuit output control signal PWM1, PWM2, OUTK0 control Charging current is provided, charged when cell voltage is less than access charging voltage using decompression mode, when cell voltage is higher than access Charged during charging voltage using boosting mode；The function of start with upper electric protection and by control circuit, stopping.

4. lithium battery group Fast-Balance automatic charger according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：Described control circuit by Resistance R108 ~ R109, electric capacity C26 ~ C28, dichromatic LED LED, DLL JK01 and the microcontroller with PWM, ADC Unit IC12 is formed；Micro-control unit IC12 is according to access supply voltage ADC0, battery voltage ADC1, charging current ADC2 Testing result changes output control signal PWM1, PWM2, OUTK0, OUTK1 to select charging modes and control charging process, and It is balanced to export after decision-making according to each single lithium battery end real-time voltage ADC3, ADC4, ADC5, ADC6 in charging process and controls Signal OUTK4, OUTK5, OUTK6, OUTK7 processed to voltage balancing circuit with realize the Fast-Balance of each cell of battery pack with Automatic charging；Dichromatic LED LED is used to indicate charged state, and DLL JK01 is used to initialize in micro-control unit The control program in portion.

5. lithium battery group Fast-Balance automatic charger according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：Described battery terminal voltage Detect electric routing resistance R43 ~ R82, electric capacity C17 ~ C24,42 select 1 analog switch IC6 and four high guaily unit IC4 ~ IC5 to form；2 four Amplifier IC4, IC5 form 8 subtraction blocks with corresponding resistance, electric capacity, for detecting the voltage difference at 8 cell both ends, 8 detection output signals are connected to 42 inputs for selecting 1 analog switch IC6, and 2 select 1 analog switch IC6 in control circuit output Under the control of control signal OUTK2, OUTK3 at twice by 8 detection signals be sent to ADC3, ADC4 of control circuit, ADC5, ADC6 inputs.

6. lithium battery group Fast-Balance automatic charger according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：Described balance of voltage electricity Routing resistance R83 ~ R107, balancing capacitance C25,16 FET VT13 ~ VT28,4 four-way photoelectrical coupler IC8 ~ IC11 and 3/8 decoder IC7 compositions；Remaining is all P-channel in addition to FET VT21 is N-channel pipe in 16 FETs Pipe, is effectively controlled by corresponding 16 road optocoupler low level, wherein the drain electrode of 8 FETs is connected to balancing capacitance together C25 positive ends and its source electrode are respectively connecting to the hot end of 8 cells, and the drain electrode of another 8 FETs is together It is connected to balancing capacitance C25 negative polarity end and its source electrode is respectively connecting to the cold end of 8 cells, connects each single The FET control signal at body battery both ends is in parallel in optocoupler LED side and is connected to 3/8 decoder IC7 decoding Output end；By control circuit output OUTK7 when 3/8 decoder IC7 Enable Pin is pulled up by resistance R83 or need not balanced when upper electric =1 makes 3/8 decoder IC7 output be all high, and 16 FETs disconnect entirely；When needing balance, by control circuit output OUTK7=0 enables 3/8 decoder IC7 and exports option code OUTK4, OUTK5, OUTK6 simultaneously, to gate a cell Charge or discharge are carried out to balancing capacitance C25.