CN206818160U - The fiber grating aperture deformation-sensor of long-term measurement surrouding rock stress - Google Patents
The fiber grating aperture deformation-sensor of long-term measurement surrouding rock stress Download PDFInfo
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- CN206818160U CN206818160U CN201720750949.2U CN201720750949U CN206818160U CN 206818160 U CN206818160 U CN 206818160U CN 201720750949 U CN201720750949 U CN 201720750949U CN 206818160 U CN206818160 U CN 206818160U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of fiber grating aperture deformation-sensor of long-term measurement surrouding rock stress, including：Rigid substrate, to be circumferentially arranged in drilling, corresponding deformation can occur with the deformation in country rock aperture；Rigid dynamometry end, is arranged on the rigid substrate, directly to contact borehole sidewall to measure the radial deformation of the drilling；First fiber grating, the surface of the rigid substrate is fixed on, its grating wavelength changes with the deformation of the rigid substrate.The corresponding relation of the deflection and first optic fiber grating wavelength at the rigid substrate dynamometry end is obtained according to displacement calibrating, by measuring the wavelength case of first fiber grating, to determine the deflection at the dynamometry end, and then measures the deformation in country rock aperture.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to underground engineering stress survey technology field, more particularly to a kind of long-term measurement surrouding rock stress
Fiber grating aperture deformation-sensor.
Background technology
With exploitation and utilization of the mankind to the underground space, underground engineering has turned into the indispensable important set of human lives
Into part.In underground engineering building course, stress field of the surrounding rock directly influences stress and the deformation of structure, is that underground engineering is set
The basic data of meter；Accurate measurement country rock initial field stress and Disturbance stress are the important guarantees of engineering safety.
Aperture deforming method is that development time is most long, a kind of ripe surrouding rock stress method of testing of Technical comparing.With extensive
Applicability and higher reliability.Traditional aperture deforming method is to be calculated by measuring the deformation of bore diameter perpendicular to brill
Stress state in the plane of axially bored line, and determine the three-dimensional stress constraint of any by three measurements that mutually inequality drills.
But traditional aperture deforming method, it is by the space between colloid filling sensor and country rock, and then fixation biography
Sensor.Because the colloid of consolidation has a very strong rheological characteristic, after in general sensor loads one day, colloid will produce larger
Rheological Deformation, as shown in figure 8, therefore traditional aperture deforming method can only typically realize short-term test crustal stress, and can not be real
The long term monitoring of existing crustal stress.
Utility model content
In view of drawbacks described above of the prior art or deficiency, it is expected to provide a kind of fiber grating of long-term measurement surrouding rock stress
Aperture deformation-sensor, solve the problems, such as above-mentioned aperture deformation measurement can only Short-Term Monitoring, so as to realize aperture deformation measurement
Long term monitoring.
A kind of fiber grating aperture deformation-sensor of long-term measurement surrouding rock stress, including：
Rigid substrate, to be circumferentially arranged in drilling, corresponding deformation can occur with the deformation in country rock aperture；
Rigid dynamometry end, is arranged on rigid substrate, directly to contact borehole sidewall to measure the radial deformation of drilling；
First fiber grating, the surface of rigid substrate is fixed on, its grating wavelength occurs with the deformation of rigid substrate
Change.The deflection at rigid substrate dynamometry end and the corresponding relation of the first optic fiber grating wavelength are obtained according to displacement calibrating, is passed through
The wavelength case of the first fiber grating is measured, to determine the deflection at dynamometry end, and then measures the deformation in country rock aperture.
Rigid substrate is steel loop, and rigid substrate, the first fiber grating and dynamometry end collectively form inside diameter measurement sensor
Measuring part, inside diameter measurement sensor are provided with multiple measuring parts be arrangeding in parallel, and the dynamometry end of different measuring parts is staggered
Set angle, so as to measure the stress state in the plane of drilling axis.
Steel loop uses 65si2mnwa spring steel materials.
The radius of curvature of steel loop is 4.0-5.0mm, and the first fiber grating uses bend insensitive optical fiber grating, after can adapt to deformation
The curvature of steel loop, the grid region length of the first fiber grating is 2-4mm, substantially increases the survival rate of fiber grating, its reflectivity
Not less than the three dB bandwidth 0.2-0.4nm of 90%, first fiber grating.
Using welding between first fiber grating and steel loop.
Inside diameter measurement sensor is provided with four measuring parts, and the offset angular at the dynamometry end of each measuring part is circumferentially equal
Even distribution, principal stress size and direction in vertical drilling axial plane can be measured, more accurately measures stress state.
Dynamometry end is two power transmission caps for being fixed at steel loop outer surface, the diametrically contraposition of two power transmission shade steel loops, is passed
The front end of power cap is the hemisphere directly to be contacted with country rock, and rear end is the cylinder directly contacted with steel loop.Power transmission cap is
Hard metal material, such as stainless steel.The structure of power transmission cap is simple, as the dynamometry end of protrusion, directly can be connect with country rock side wall
Touch, because power transmission cap and rigid substrate are hard, its rheology can be ignored, therefore the displacement measured by power transmission cap is
The displacement of country rock, it is possible to achieve the measurement of the secular strain of country rock.
The fixed position of first fiber grating has 90 ° of angles relative to the center of steel loop with power transmission cap, and is laid in steel
The outer surface of ring.Under this position, the wavelength change of the first fiber grating is most sensitive when power transmission cap is subjected to displacement, can be more accurate
Measurement.
Measuring part also includes a housing, and housing has cylindrical portions, and rigid substrate is fixed in the cylinder portion of housing
Portion, housing are provided with the via worn to power transmission cap, so that power transmission cap stretches out in the outer surface of housing and directly contacts country rock side
Wall.The setting of this housing can ensure the service life of sensor.
Housing uses stainless steel, and the front end of housing is hemispherical, and the middle part of housing is cylindrical portions, the afterbody of housing
The enlarged portion to clamping in the borehole gradually increased with section.Front end hemispherical play the guiding role when entering and drilling, in
Cylindrical cavity is opened in portion and rear end, and central cavity is mainly arranging measure setup；End toper is used for clamping palisades fixation biography afterwards
Sensor.
Steel loop is fixed on the inside of housing by hold-down support, ensures fixed effect.
Hold-down support is thick cyclinder shape structure, is fixed on the inside of housing, and hold-down support has to incline to limit steel loop
Oblique stopper slot, the centre of hold-down support is as optical-fibre channel.The structure of hold-down support is simple, and cost is cheap, while energy
Play good fixed effect.
Be additionally provided with sensor in free deformation to the second fiber grating as temperature compensation grating, Ge Ge
One fiber grating and the second fiber grating are in the rear end of housing and armored optical cable welding.It can be eliminated by the setting of temperature compensation grating
Influence of the temperature change to wavelength change, improve measurement accuracy.
The routine that influence of the temperature change to the wavelength change of the first fiber grating is this area is eliminated using temperature compensation grating
Technological means, it will not be repeated here.
The technical scheme provided according to the embodiment of the present application, sets the first fiber-optic grating sensor, root on rigid substrate
The deflection at rigid substrate dynamometry end and the corresponding relation of the first optic fiber grating wavelength are obtained according to displacement calibrating, passes through measurement first
The wavelength case of fiber grating, to determine the deflection at dynamometry end, and then measure the deformation in country rock aperture.Due to this structure and
The design application of corresponding principle, rigid substrate is directly contacted by rigid dynamometry end with drilling country rock, eliminate colloid this
Connecting material, the rheology of colloid connecting material during long term monitoring is significantly reduced to monitoring accuracy and the shadow of long-time stability
Ring, ensure the stability of Sensor monitoring result.
As can be seen here, the technical scheme that the application provides has the beneficial effect for the long term monitoring that can realize aperture deformation
Fruit.So as to solve the technical barrier of underground engineering wall rock triaxiality long term monitoring in the prior art, fill up in the industry at this
Technological gap in one field.
In addition, according to some embodiments of the application, steel loop is high-performance spring steel, have good elastic performance with it is resistance to
Fatigability.The use bending resistance grating of first fiber grating simultaneously, can adapt to the requirement of minor diameter steel loop deformation, solves chance and enclose
The problem of chirp occurs for grating during rock drilling large deformation, effectively raise the survival rate of sensor.First fiber grating with
Using welding between steel loop, the rheology of base material and connecting material is to monitoring accuracy and steady for a long time during significantly reducing long term monitoring
Qualitatively influence, ensure that the stability of Sensor monitoring result.
Meanwhile according to some embodiments of the application, the first fiber grating has electromagnetism interference, corrosion resistant feature,
Overcome traditional resistive surrouding rock stress sensor poor anti-interference, it is perishable the problems such as；Coordinate temperature compensation grating to be used together, have
The features such as precision is high, temperature stability is good, solves sensing resistor formula aperture strain gauge and is used to zero temperature occur during long term monitoring
Point temperature drift and the technical barrier of sensitivity temperature drift.
Brief description of the drawings
By reading the detailed description made to non-limiting example made with reference to the following drawings, the application's is other
Feature, objects and advantages will become more apparent upon：
Fig. 1 is sensor construction top view；
Fig. 2 is sensor construction front view；
Fig. 3 is that steel loop and grating arrange sectional drawing；
Fig. 4 is temperature and temperature compensation grating trial curve and relationship；
Fig. 5 is temperature and the trial curve and relationship of No. 1 first fiber grating；
Fig. 6 is steel loop deformation and the trial curve and relationship of No. 1 first fiber grating；
Fig. 7 is that lower No. 1 first optic fiber grating wavelength of 0.6mm deformation conditions changes over time trial curve；
Fig. 8 be stress it is constant under conditions of ordinary sensors deformation with the time trial curve.
Wherein, 1- stainless steel casings, 2- hold-down supports, 3- steel loops, 4- power transmission caps, the fiber gratings of 5- first, 6- temperature compensations
Grating, 7- armored optical cables.
Embodiment
The application is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.It is understood that this place is retouched
The specific embodiment stated is used only for explaining relevant utility model, rather than the restriction to the utility model.Further need exist for illustrating
, for the ease of description, the part related to utility model is illustrate only in accompanying drawing.
It should be noted that in the case where not conflicting, the feature in embodiment and embodiment in the application can phase
Mutually combination.Describe the application in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.
It refer to Fig. 1-Fig. 3, a kind of fiber grating aperture deformation-sensor of long-term measurement surrouding rock stress, mainly including steel
Ring 3, power transmission cap 4, the first fiber grating 5 as the first fiber grating.
Steel loop 3 uses 65si2mnwa spring steel materials, external diameter 24mm, and thickness takes 1mm, width 6mm.Power transmission cap 4 is not using
Rust steel material, front end contact with hole wall, are a diameter of 5mm hemispherical；Rear end is cylinder with the contact jaw of steel loop 3, a diameter of
5mm, length take 6.2mm.First fiber grating 5 and temperature compensation grating 6 use bend insensitive optical fiber grating, and can be applicable radius of curvature is
4.6mm bending, grid region length are 3mm, and reflectivity is not less than 90%, three dB bandwidth 0.3nm.
Steel loop is externally provided with shell, it is preferred that using stainless steel casing 1.Stainless steel casing 1 uses stainless steel, along axle
Line is divided into three sections, and leading portion is hemispherical, radius of a ball 3cm, and hemispherical play the guiding role when entering and drilling；Centre is cylindrical shape,
Long 12cm, external diameter take 34mm, and thickness takes 4mm；Rear end conical section, wall thickness 4mm, long 10cm, rear end toper are consolidated for clamping palisades
Determine sensor.Cylindrical cavity is opened in middle part and rear end, and middle part is mainly arranging measure setup.
In addition, shell can also use simpler structure type, as long as can play a part of fixed and protect steel loop
, such as it is simple columnar structured, it is provided with columnar structured outside for fixed fixture etc..
Preferably, steel loop is fixed in shell by hold-down support, and hold-down support is bolted on stainless steel casing
Cavity in.Hold-down support 2 uses PVC plastic material, is thick cyclinder shape structure, external diameter takes 24mm, is bolted on
On stainless steel shell 1, heavy wall herein refers to that wall thickness arrives 8mm for 5；Annular groove is set in the opening position of steel loop 3, for fixing steel
Ring.The quantity of steel loop can be 1, or it is multiple, such as four steel loops, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, to avoid some steel loop
Break down and cause to fail.Diameter parallel arrangement of four steel loops along stainless steel casing 1, the uniform cloth in vertical axis plane
(0 °, 45 °, 90 °, 135 °) is put, the displacement of steel loop 3 is limited by hold-down support 2, and steel loop 3 can only occur radial deformation and can not send out
It is raw to rotate.
It is worth noting that, steel loop can also be fixed in shell by other means, such as consolidating by similar snap ring
Determine part with power transmission cap in obtuse angle angle position fix steel loop, ensure steel loop radial deformation can occur, and can not occur partially
Transfer is dynamic.
First fiber grating 5 is connected by welding with steel loop 3, as shown in figure 3, grating is located on the outside of steel loop, along steel loop
Loop-line arrangement, with power transmission cap 4 into 90 degree of angles.Temperature compensation grating 6 is located at the rear end of stainless steel casing 1, in free deformation.4
The first fiber grating and 1 temperature compensation grating are propped up in sensor rear end with being communicated after the welding of armored optical cable 7 with the external world.
The scaling method of fiber grating aperture deformation-sensor includes：
(1) temperature calibration of grating：Place a sensor in adjustable thermostatic case, then be adjusted to demarcate by temperature minimum
Temperature value, connect optical fibre interrogation instrument.After temperature is constant, now calorstat temperature, the first fiber grating 5 and temperature compensation grating are recorded
Wavelength；Then increase calorstat temperature, after temperature stabilization, record the wavelength of corresponding temperature and each grating again；Using phase
Calorstat temperature is continuously increased with method until reaching highest demarcation temperature.So as to obtain the pass of temperature compensation grating wavelength and temperature T
It is curve λT- T (Fig. 4), and the wavelength of each first fiber grating 5 and the relation curve of temperature(i=1,2,3,4).(figure
No. 1 first fiber grating is provided in 5Relation curve).Obtain closing between temperature compensation grating wavelength and temperature by Mathematical Fitting
It is expression formula
F (T)=λT=0.01054TRelation table between+1550.192 (Fig. 4), and the wavelength of each first fiber grating and temperature
Up to formulaAs shown in figure 5, the relational expression of No. 1 first fiber grating is：
(2) displacement calibrating of grating：Place a sensor on displacement calibrating frame and connect optical fibre interrogation instrument.Read temperature compensation
Grating wavelengthBy what is obtained in step (1)
F (T)=λT=0.01054T-1550.192, demarcation temperature T is calculated0=12.8 DEG C.Further according in step (1)
ObtainThe initial wavelength of 4 the first fiber gratings at this temperature is calculatedFor example, the 1st first
The initial wavelength of fiber grating is
The maximum stress level and ROCK CONDITIONS estimated according to scene, aperture maximum distortion are no more than 0.6mm, therefore, this
Dominant bit pipettes 0.6mm in secondary displacement calibrating.No. 1 steel loop is chosen, a pair of power transmission caps at its both ends are applied by displacement calibrating frame
Add displacement, the displacement of application rises to 0.6mm from zero linear, is then down to zero again from maximum；Record applies displacement U and first
The corresponding wavelength X of fiber grating1, relation curve is as shown in Figure 6.By the wavelength X of the first fiber grating1Subtract initial wavelengthWavelength change and the relation curve of displacement only as caused by displacement are obtainedIt is logical
Cross Mathematical Fitting and obtain the relational expression Δ λ caused by displacement between the wavelength change of the first fiber grating and displacement1=D1(U)
=6.0686U-0.01314.Its excess-three steel loop is demarcated using same method, obtains corresponding relational expression Di
(U)=Δ λi。
(3) sensor accuracy is checked：Choose uniform in material, isotropic plexiglass block, size 30cm*30cm*
30cm, wherein that opens a diameter of 36mm in the center of one side runs through circular hole.Place a sensor in circular hole, due to circular hole
Diameter is less than the distance between steel loop both ends power transmission cap, and after being put into circular hole, steel loop has certain initial compression amount.Sensor is connected
(FBG) demodulator, the wavelength of each grating is recorded by computer.Plexiglass block is placed on rigid servo-pressing machine, hung down
Directly apply pressure P respectively in the both direction in round hole axial plane1=10MPa and P2=0MPa (the stress levels of both direction
Various combination can be carried out).
After the completion of to be measured, according to the temperature compensation grating wavelength recorded during experimentAgain by step
Suddenly f (the T)=λ obtained in (1)T, determine environment temperature T1=12.24 DEG C (demarcation temperature is identical with test temperature).According to environment
Temperature T1And obtained in step (1)Each first fiber grating under the conditions of the test temperature is calculated
Initial wavelengthSuch as the primary wave of the 1st grating is：According to each recorded during experiment
The wavelength X of one fiber gratingiObtain the wavelength change only as caused by external forceThe wavelength change of No. 1 grating is
Δλ1=2.012nm.D by being obtained in step (2) againi(U)=Δ λiObtain the displacement U between four steel loop power transmission capsi, such as 1
Two end movements of number grating are U1=0.334mm.
The compression test of lucite is carried out using rigid servo-pressing machine, the modulus of elasticity for obtaining lucite is
2.7GPa, Poisson's ratio 0.3.
According to the displacement of power transmission cap and the elastic parameter of lucite, using Elasticity knowledge, it is calculated in plane
Two principal stress σ1=9.2MPa and σ2=0.0MPa and direction.The P applied with experiment1=10MPa and P2=0MPa and direction
It is compared, the relative error for examining sensor is 4.7%, meets required precision.
(4) sensor long-time stability are checked
Steel loop both ends are applied with 0.6mm displacement, it is and stabilized, pass through the steady in a long-term of the change detection sensor of wavelength
Property.From figure 7 it can be seen that in the time for applying 192 hours, grating wavelength has almost no change, it was demonstrated that the sensing utensil
There are good long-time stability, can adapt to the requirement of long term monitoring.Fig. 8 is traditional colloid filling sensor, is loaded one day
Stress deformation figure afterwards, it is seen that traditional colloid filling sensor, after loading one day, larger rheology will be produced, at all
Long-term surrouding rock stress measurement can not be adapted to.
Above description is only the preferred embodiment of the application and the explanation to institute's application technology principle.People in the art
Member should be appreciated that utility model scope involved in the application, however it is not limited to what the particular combination of above-mentioned technical characteristic formed
Technical scheme, while should also cover in the case where not departing from utility model design, by above-mentioned technical characteristic or its be equal
Other technical schemes that feature is combined and formed.Such as features described above has with (but not limited to) disclosed herein
The technical scheme that the technical characteristic for having similar functions is replaced mutually and formed.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. fiber grating aperture deformation-sensor of long-term measurement surrouding rock stress, it is characterised in that including：Rigid substrate, to be circumferentially arranged in drilling, corresponding deformation can occur with the deformation in country rock aperture；Rigid dynamometry end, is arranged on the rigid substrate, directly to contact borehole sidewall to measure the radial direction of the drilling Deformation；First fiber grating, be fixed on the surface of the rigid substrate, its grating wavelength with the deformation of the rigid substrate and Change.
- 2. a kind of fiber grating aperture deformation-sensor of long-term measurement surrouding rock stress according to claim 1, its feature It is：The rigid substrate is steel loop, and the rigid substrate, the first fiber grating and dynamometry end collectively form inside diameter measurement sensing The measuring part of device, the inside diameter measurement sensor are provided with multiple measuring parts be arrangeding in parallel, the different measurements The dynamometry end of part is staggered set angle.
- 3. a kind of fiber grating aperture deformation-sensor of long-term measurement surrouding rock stress according to claim 2, its feature It is：The steel loop uses 65si2mnwa spring steel materials, and the radius of curvature of the steel loop is 4.0-5.0mm, first light Fine grating uses bend insensitive optical fiber grating, can adapt to the curvature of steel loop after deformation, and the grid region length of first fiber grating is 2-4mm, reflectivity are not less than 90%, three dB bandwidth 0.2-0.4nm, using weldering between first fiber grating and the steel loop Connect.
- 4. a kind of fiber grating aperture deformation-sensor of long-term measurement surrouding rock stress according to Claims 2 or 3, it is special Sign is：The aperture deformation-sensor is provided with four measuring parts, and the dynamometry end of each measuring part is staggered Angle is circumferentially uniformly distributed, and the dynamometry end is two power transmission caps for being fixed at the steel loop outer surface.
- 5. a kind of fiber grating aperture deformation-sensor of long-term measurement surrouding rock stress according to claim 4, its feature It is：The diametrically contraposition of steel loop described in two power transmission shades, the front end of the power transmission cap is directly to be contacted with country rock Hemisphere, rear end is the cylinder that is directly contacted with the steel loop, and the power transmission cap is hard metal material.
- 6. a kind of fiber grating aperture deformation-sensor of long-term measurement surrouding rock stress according to claim 4, its feature It is：The fixed position of first fiber grating has 90 ° of angles relative to the center of the steel loop with the power transmission cap, and It is laid in the outer surface of the steel loop.
- 7. a kind of fiber grating aperture deformation-sensor of long-term measurement surrouding rock stress according to claim 4, its feature It is：The measuring part also includes a housing, and the housing has cylindrical portions, and the rigid substrate is fixed on the housing Cylinder portion inside, the housing is provided with the via worn to the power transmission cap so that the power transmission cap stretch out in it is described The outer surface of housing simultaneously directly contacts country rock side wall.
- 8. a kind of fiber grating aperture deformation-sensor of long-term measurement surrouding rock stress according to claim 7, its feature It is：The housing uses stainless steel, and the front end of the housing is hemispherical, and the middle part of the housing is the cylindrical portion Point, the afterbody of the housing has the enlarged portion to clamping in the borehole that section gradually increases.
- 9. a kind of fiber grating aperture deformation-sensor of long-term measurement surrouding rock stress according to claim 7, its feature It is：The steel loop is fixed on the inside of the housing by hold-down support, and the hold-down support is thick cyclinder shape structure, Gu Due to the inside of the housing, the hold-down support has to limit the inclined stopper slot of the steel loop, the hold-down support Centre as optical-fibre channel.
- 10. a kind of fiber grating aperture deformation-sensor of long-term measurement surrouding rock stress according to claim 7, its feature It is：Be additionally provided with the sensor in free deformation to the second fiber grating as temperature compensation grating, it is each First fiber grating and second fiber grating are in the rear end of the housing and armored optical cable welding.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115014602A (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-09-06 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Sensitization type fiber grating hollow inclusion stressometer |
| CN115824471A (en) * | 2022-11-15 | 2023-03-21 | 中铁三局集团第四工程有限公司 | Bidirectional stress monitoring device and monitoring method for shield segment |
-
2017
- 2017-06-23 CN CN201720750949.2U patent/CN206818160U/en active Active
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115014602A (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-09-06 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Sensitization type fiber grating hollow inclusion stressometer |
| CN115014602B (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2023-12-29 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Method for measuring sensitization type fiber bragg grating hollow inclusion stress meter |
| CN115824471A (en) * | 2022-11-15 | 2023-03-21 | 中铁三局集团第四工程有限公司 | Bidirectional stress monitoring device and monitoring method for shield segment |
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