CN104764438B - Distinguishable circumference deviational survey sensor based on fiber grating - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了基于光纤光栅的可辨周向测斜传感器，包括传感器外壳，所述传感器外壳内设置有两对固定件，每对固定件用于固定相应的一个等强度悬臂梁，两个等强度悬臂梁在空间上相互垂直但不接触，每个等强度悬臂梁底部粘贴有质量块，两根光纤尾纤从传感器外壳顶端引出，套入空心保护管后与解调仪连接；空间上相互垂直的两个等强度悬臂梁，在传感器倾斜时产生形变以测得传感器在z轴方向的倾斜角度，同时，通过等强度悬臂梁形变时映射到xy平面上的位移，测得在xy平面上的倾斜方向，从而实现可辨周向的斜度测量。本发明测量精确，结构简单。
The invention discloses a discernable circumferential inclinometer sensor based on a fiber grating, which includes a sensor housing, and two pairs of fixing parts are arranged in the sensor housing, each pair of fixing parts is used to fix a corresponding cantilever beam of equal strength, two equal-strength cantilever beams The strength cantilever beams are perpendicular to each other in space but do not touch each other. A quality block is pasted on the bottom of each equal-strength cantilever beam. Two optical fiber pigtails are led out from the top of the sensor shell, inserted into the hollow protective tube and connected to the demodulator; Two vertical cantilever beams of equal strength are deformed when the sensor is tilted to measure the tilt angle of the sensor in the z-axis direction. At the same time, the displacement mapped to the xy plane when the cantilever beam of equal strength is deformed is measured on the xy plane The inclination direction, so as to realize the inclination measurement of the circumferential direction. The invention has accurate measurement and simple structure.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及光纤传感技术领域，特别涉及一种可辨周向测斜的光纤光栅传感器。The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, in particular to an optical fiber grating sensor capable of distinguishing circumferential inclinometers.
背景技术Background technique
自20世纪90年代以来，由于具有不受电磁干扰影响，尺寸小，重量轻，使用寿命长等优点，光纤光栅传感技术发展迅速。传统的移动式、固定式测斜传感器已经广泛应用于各种工程中斜度的监测中，如F.A.Tavenas提出了在岩土工程中应用测斜仪检测路堤软土的侧向变形；王春晓采用三轴正交加速度传感器测量地球重力矢量和三轴正交磁强传感器测量地磁场矢量来测量斜度。但传统测斜传感器存在较大的不足，如数据采集仪器会出现漂移误差，测斜仪导轮磨损、偏移等会带来误差等。光纤光栅传感技术作为传感技术的新阶段，它满足了测量的高精度、远距离和长期性要求，为解决上述关键问题提供了良好的技术手段。因此光纤光栅测斜传感器正逐步应用于各种工程中。如裴华富通过梁的弯曲理论公式和差分算法，根据光纤布拉格光栅波长变化与应变之间的线性关系求得原位测斜仪各测点的应变来求得其斜度的变化。但关于可辨周向测斜的光纤光栅传感器的研究和应用很少报道。Since the 1990s, due to the advantages of being immune to electromagnetic interference, small size, light weight, and long service life, fiber grating sensing technology has developed rapidly. Traditional mobile and fixed inclinometer sensors have been widely used in the monitoring of inclination in various projects. For example, F.A. Tavenas proposed the application of inclinometer in geotechnical engineering to detect the lateral deformation of embankment soft soil; Wang Chunxiao used three Orthogonal acceleration sensors measure the earth's gravity vector and three-axis orthogonal magnetic strength sensors measure the earth's magnetic field vector to measure slope. However, there are major deficiencies in traditional inclinometer sensors, such as drift errors in data acquisition instruments, and errors caused by wear and offset of guide wheels of inclinometers. As a new stage of sensing technology, fiber grating sensing technology meets the high-precision, long-distance and long-term requirements of measurement, and provides a good technical means to solve the above key problems. Therefore, fiber grating inclinometer sensors are gradually being used in various projects. For example, Pei Huafu obtained the strain at each measuring point of the in-situ inclinometer according to the linear relationship between the fiber Bragg grating wavelength change and the strain through the beam bending theory formula and differential algorithm to obtain the slope change. However, there are few reports on the research and application of FBG sensors for discriminative circumferential inclinometers.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为解决现有技术存在的不足，本发明公开了基于光纤光栅的可辨周向测斜传感器，本发明通过倾斜时等强度悬臂梁的应变与光纤光栅中心波长变化的关系测得倾斜的角度，由于传感器内部有两个相互垂直但不接触的等强度悬臂梁，还可以利用空间向量法求得倾斜的方向。In order to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention discloses a discernible circumferential inclinometer sensor based on fiber gratings. The present invention measures the angle of inclination through the relationship between the strain of the cantilever beam of equal strength and the change of the central wavelength of the fiber grating during inclination. Since there are two equal-strength cantilever beams perpendicular to each other but not in contact inside the sensor, the direction of inclination can also be obtained by using the space vector method.
为实现上述目的，本发明的具体方案如下：To achieve the above object, the specific scheme of the present invention is as follows:
基于光纤光栅的可辨周向测斜传感器，包括传感器外壳，所述传感器外壳内设置有两对固定件，每对固定件用于固定相应的一个等强度悬臂梁，两个等强度悬臂梁在空间上相互垂直但不接触，每个等强度悬臂梁底部粘贴有质量块，两根光纤尾纤从传感器外壳顶端引出，套入空心保护管后与解调仪连接；The discriminable circumferential inclinometer sensor based on fiber grating includes a sensor housing, and two pairs of fixing parts are arranged in the sensor housing, and each pair of fixing parts is used to fix a corresponding equal-strength cantilever beam, and the two equal-strength cantilever beams are in They are perpendicular to each other in space but do not touch each other. A quality block is pasted on the bottom of each equal-strength cantilever beam. Two optical fiber pigtails are drawn from the top of the sensor shell, inserted into the hollow protective tube, and connected to the demodulator;
空间上相互垂直的两个等强度悬臂梁，在传感器倾斜时产生形变以测得传感器在z轴方向的倾斜角度，同时，通过等强度悬臂梁形变时映射到xy平面上的位移，测得在xy平面上的倾斜方向，从而实现可辨周向的斜度测量。Two equal-strength cantilever beams that are perpendicular to each other in space deform when the sensor is tilted to measure the tilt angle of the sensor in the z-axis direction. The inclination direction on the xy plane, so as to realize the inclination measurement of the circumferential direction.
其中一根光纤尾纤与对应的敏感光栅相连，敏感光栅与粘贴在传感器外壳上内壁上的温度补偿光栅相连，另一根光纤尾纤与对应的敏感光栅相连，敏感光栅分别粘贴在各自对应的等强度悬臂梁上。One of the fiber pigtails is connected to the corresponding sensitive grating, and the sensitive grating is connected to the temperature compensation grating pasted on the inner wall of the sensor housing, and the other fiber pigtail is connected to the corresponding sensitive grating, and the sensitive gratings are respectively pasted on the corresponding on a cantilever beam of equal strength.
所述传感器外壳为圆柱形，传感器外壳上端设置有与其相配合使用的传感器上盖，传感器外壳下端设置有与其相配合使用的传感器底座，传感器上盖顶部有螺纹口以实现光纤尾纤的引出。The sensor housing is cylindrical, the upper end of the sensor housing is provided with a sensor upper cover used in conjunction with it, the lower end of the sensor housing is provided with a sensor base used in conjunction with it, and the top of the sensor upper cover has a threaded opening to realize the extraction of optical fiber pigtails.
所述每对固定件均包括第一固定件及第二固定件，第一固定件及第二固定件为两个大小不相等的长方体块，第一固定件及第二固定件二者高相等，但第一固定件的宽与第二固定件的长相等，第一固定件用螺丝固定于传感器上盖内壁顶部。Each pair of fixing parts includes a first fixing part and a second fixing part, the first fixing part and the second fixing part are two cuboid blocks with unequal sizes, and the height of the first fixing part and the second fixing part are equal , but the width of the first fixing part is equal to the length of the second fixing part, and the first fixing part is fixed on the top of the inner wall of the sensor upper cover with screws.
所述第二固定件用螺丝固定于第一固定件侧面，第一固定件和第二固定件之间夹有等强度悬臂梁。The second fixing part is fixed to the side of the first fixing part with screws, and a cantilever beam of equal strength is sandwiched between the first fixing part and the second fixing part.
所述第一固定件中间设有孔且与传感器上盖顶部的螺纹口相通，粘贴于等强度悬臂梁表面的敏感光栅的光纤尾纤由此孔引出。A hole is provided in the middle of the first fixing member and communicates with the threaded opening on the top of the sensor upper cover, and the optical fiber pigtail of the sensitive grating pasted on the surface of the equal-strength cantilever beam is drawn out from this hole.
所述的等强度悬臂梁，选择碳纤维板作为基体，为保证其受力均匀产生均匀形变，等强度悬臂梁在有效受力范围内设置为等腰三角形。The equal-strength cantilever beam uses a carbon fiber plate as the matrix. In order to ensure that it is uniformly deformed under force, the equal-strength cantilever beam is set as an isosceles triangle within the effective force-bearing range.
所述的质量块，材料选择为铜，形状为圆柱形，将其粘贴在等强度悬臂梁底端，用于产生作用力。The material of the mass block is selected as copper, and its shape is cylindrical, and it is pasted on the bottom end of the cantilever beam of equal strength for generating force.
所述的敏感光栅，用α-氰基丙烯酸乙酯将栅区粘贴于等强度悬臂梁上。For the sensitive grating, use ethyl α-cyanoacrylate to paste the grid area on the cantilever beam of equal strength.
所述的温度补偿光栅，用α-氰基丙烯酸乙酯将栅区粘贴于传感器外壳内壁上，与敏感光栅串联。The temperature compensation grating is pasted on the inner wall of the sensor housing with α-cyanoacrylate ethyl, and connected in series with the sensitive grating.
当传感器向某一方向倾斜使得两个等强度悬臂梁均发生形变时，设θ为其中一个等强度悬臂梁倾斜的角度，为另一个等强度悬臂梁倾斜的角度，φ为传感器在竖直方向的倾斜角度；When the sensor is tilted in a certain direction so that both cantilever beams of equal strength are deformed, let θ be the angle at which one of the cantilever beams of equal strength is tilted, is the inclination angle of another equal-strength cantilever beam, and φ is the inclination angle of the sensor in the vertical direction;
其中，F为外界作用力，l为悬臂梁的长度；b0为固定端的宽；h为悬臂梁的厚度；E为悬臂梁的弹性模量，λB为光栅波长，ΔλB为光栅波长变化。Among them, F is the external force, l is the length of the cantilever beam; b 0 is the width of the fixed end; h is the thickness of the cantilever beam; E is the elastic modulus of the cantilever beam, λ B is the wavelength of the grating, and Δλ B is the wavelength change of the grating .
由上式知，θ、可由波长解析得出，可视为已知量；From the above formula, θ, It can be obtained by wavelength analysis and can be regarded as a known quantity;
建立XYZ坐标系,X’Y’Z’为传感器倾斜之后的坐标系；Establish the XYZ coordinate system, X'Y'Z' is the coordinate system after the sensor is tilted;
传感器倾斜后与Z轴方向夹角，求解时：The angle between the sensor and the Z-axis direction after tilting, when solving:
令倾斜后可求得则，make Can be obtained after tilting but,
所以，求得传感器倾斜后与Z轴方向夹角 Therefore, the angle between the tilted sensor and the Z-axis direction is obtained
映射到XY平面上，设倾斜的方向与X轴正方向夹角为α，令 Mapped to the XY plane, set the angle between the direction of the tilt and the positive direction of the X axis as α, so that
则， but,
所以，求得传感器的倾斜方向与X轴正方向夹角：Therefore, the angle between the tilt direction of the sensor and the positive direction of the X-axis is obtained:
本发明的有益效果：Beneficial effects of the present invention:
本发明测量精确，结构简单。本发明所述的基于光纤光栅的可辨周向测斜传感器，以光纤光栅作为核心敏感元件，利用空间上相互垂直的两个等强度悬臂梁，在传感器倾斜时产生形变以测得传感器在z轴方向的倾斜角度，同时，通过等强度悬臂梁形变时映射到xy平面上的位移，测得在xy平面上的倾斜方向，从而实现可辨周向的斜度测量。The invention has accurate measurement and simple structure. The fiber grating-based discernable circumferential inclinometer sensor of the present invention uses fiber grating as the core sensitive element, and utilizes two equal-strength cantilever beams perpendicular to each other in space to generate deformation when the sensor is tilted to measure the sensor at z At the same time, the tilt direction on the xy plane is measured through the displacement mapped to the xy plane when the equal-strength cantilever beam is deformed, so as to realize the inclination measurement in the distinguishable circumferential direction.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为可辨周向测斜传感器的外观示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the appearance of a discernible circumferential inclinometer sensor;
图2为可辨周向测斜传感器内部结构图；Fig. 2 is the internal structure diagram of the distinguishable circumferential inclinometer sensor;
图3为等强度悬臂梁示意图；Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a cantilever beam of equal strength;
图4为传感器外壳示意图；Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the sensor housing;
图5为传感器底座示意图；Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the sensor base;
图6为传感器上盖示意图；Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the upper cover of the sensor;
图7为质量块示意图；Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of mass blocks;
图8为第一固定件示意图；Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the first fixing member;
图9为第二固定件示意图；Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a second fixing member;
图10a等强度悬臂梁受理模型初始状态正视图；Figure 10a is the front view of the initial state of the acceptance model of the equal-strength cantilever beam;
图10b等强度悬臂梁受理模型初始状态侧视图；Figure 10b is the side view of the initial state of the acceptance model of the equal-strength cantilever beam;
图11a等强度悬臂梁受理模型倾斜角为θ状态正视图；Figure 11a is the front view of the acceptance model of the cantilever beam of equal strength with the inclination angle of θ;
图11b等强度悬臂梁受理模型倾斜角为θ状态侧视图；Fig. 11b is the side view of the acceptance model of the equal strength cantilever beam with the inclination angle of θ;
图12 XYZ坐标系示意图；Figure 12 Schematic diagram of XYZ coordinate system;
图中：1——光纤尾纤，2——传感器外壳，3——传感器上盖，4——传感器底座，5——第二固定件，6——等强度悬臂梁，7——质量块，8——第一固定件，9——粘贴于等强度悬臂梁上的敏感光栅，10——温度补偿光栅。In the figure: 1—optical fiber pigtail, 2—sensor housing, 3—sensor upper cover, 4—sensor base, 5—second fixing member, 6—equal strength cantilever beam, 7—mass block , 8—the first fixing member, 9—the sensitive grating pasted on the equal-strength cantilever beam, 10—the temperature compensation grating.
具体实施方式：detailed description:
下面结合附图对本发明进行详细说明：The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
本发明所涉及的基于光纤光栅的可辨周向测斜传感器的外观示意图如图1-6所示。该传感器主要包括传感器外壳2、内部固定件包括第一固定件8及第二固定件5、等强度悬臂梁6、质量块7、敏感光栅9、温度补偿光栅10、传感器上盖3和传感器底座4。在传感器外壳2内分别用两个内部固定件固定两个等强度悬臂梁6，两个等强度悬臂梁6上分别粘有敏感光栅9，且底部分别装有质量块7，温度补偿光栅10与其中一个粘贴于等强度悬臂梁上的敏感光栅9串联后粘贴于传感器外壳2的内壁，两根光纤尾纤1从传感器顶端引出，套入空心保护管后与解调仪连接。The appearance schematic diagram of the optical fiber grating-based discernible circumferential inclinometer sensor involved in the present invention is shown in Fig. 1-6. The sensor mainly includes a sensor housing 2, internal fixing parts including a first fixing part 8 and a second fixing part 5, an equal-strength cantilever beam 6, a mass block 7, a sensitive grating 9, a temperature compensation grating 10, a sensor cover 3 and a sensor base 4. In the sensor housing 2, two internal fixtures are used to fix two equal-strength cantilever beams 6 respectively. Sensitive gratings 9 are glued on the two equal-strength cantilever beams 6 respectively, and mass blocks 7 are respectively installed at the bottom, and temperature compensation gratings 10 and One of the sensitive gratings 9 pasted on the equal-strength cantilever beam is connected in series and pasted on the inner wall of the sensor housing 2, and two optical fiber pigtails 1 are drawn from the top of the sensor, inserted into the hollow protective tube and connected to the demodulator.
传感器外壳2为圆柱形，材料为304不锈钢，顶部有螺纹口以实现光纤尾纤1的引出。The sensor housing 2 is cylindrical, made of 304 stainless steel, and has a threaded opening on the top to realize the extraction of the optical fiber pigtail 1 .
如图8-9所示，内部固定件分两部分，每部分内部固定件为一大一小两个长方体块，各固定一个等强度悬臂梁6。两个等强度悬臂梁6，在空间上相互垂直但不接触。As shown in Fig. 8-9, the internal fixing part is divided into two parts, and each part of the internal fixing part is two cuboid blocks, one large and one small, each fixing a cantilever beam 6 of equal strength. Two equal-strength cantilever beams 6 are perpendicular to each other in space but do not touch.
如图7所示，质量块7，材料选择为铜，形状为圆柱形，将其粘贴在等强度悬臂梁6底端，用于产生作用力。用于产生应变的等强度悬臂梁6选择碳纤维板作为基体，选用α-氰基丙烯酸乙酯作为光纤光栅和等强度悬臂梁6的粘合剂。为保证其受力均匀产生均匀形变，等强度悬臂梁6在有效受力范围内设计为等腰三角形。用于产生作用力的质量块7，材料选择为铜，形状为圆柱形，将其粘贴在等强度悬臂梁6底端。As shown in FIG. 7 , the material of mass block 7 is copper, and its shape is cylindrical. It is pasted on the bottom end of equal-strength cantilever beam 6 for generating force. The equal-strength cantilever beam 6 used to generate strain uses a carbon fiber plate as the matrix, and α-cyanoacrylate ethyl is selected as the adhesive for the fiber grating and the equal-strength cantilever beam 6 . In order to ensure uniform stress and uniform deformation, the equal-strength cantilever beam 6 is designed as an isosceles triangle within the effective stress range. The mass block 7 used to generate the force is made of copper and has a cylindrical shape, which is pasted on the bottom end of the equal-strength cantilever beam 6 .
传感器测量原理进一步说明如下：当传感器发生倾斜，竖直的等强度悬臂梁6会在质量块7的作用下产生倾斜，从而发生形变，进而改变光纤光栅的中心波长。通过光纤波长解调设备解调光纤光栅中心波长的变化，测得对应等强度悬臂梁6倾斜的角度。等强度悬臂梁6表面应变ε与外界作用力F之间的关系式：The measurement principle of the sensor is further explained as follows: when the sensor is tilted, the vertical equal-strength cantilever beam 6 will be tilted under the action of the mass block 7, thereby deforming, and then changing the central wavelength of the fiber grating. The change of the central wavelength of the fiber grating is demodulated by the fiber optic wavelength demodulation device, and the angle corresponding to the inclination of the cantilever beam 6 of equal strength is measured. The relationship between the surface strain ε of the equal strength cantilever beam 6 and the external force F is:
式中，l悬臂梁的长度；b0固定端的宽；h悬臂梁的厚度；E悬臂梁的弹性模量。In the formula, l is the length of the cantilever beam ; b is the width of the fixed end; h is the thickness of the cantilever beam; E is the modulus of elasticity of the cantilever beam.
光栅波长变化：Grating wavelength change:
ΔλB＝0.78*ε*λB Δλ B ＝0.78*ε*λ B
悬臂梁受力模型初始状态如图10a-10b所示，假设倾斜角为θ则悬臂梁的受力模型如图11a-11b所示，悬臂梁的受力模型为：The initial state of the cantilever beam force model is shown in Figure 10a-10b. Assuming that the inclination angle is θ, the force model of the cantilever beam is shown in Figure 11a-11b. The force model of the cantilever beam is:
F切向＝F·sinθ (2)F tangential = F sinθ (2)
因此波长与倾斜角度之间的关系为：The relationship between wavelength and tilt angle is therefore:
当传感器向某一方向倾斜使得两个等强度悬臂梁6均发生形变时，设θ为其中一个等强度悬臂梁倾斜的角度，为另一个等强度悬臂梁倾斜的角度，φ为传感器在竖直方向的倾斜角度。由式(3)知，θ、可由波长解析得出，可视为已知量。建立如下图12所示的XYZ坐标系,X’Y’Z’为传感器倾斜之后的坐标系。When the sensor is tilted in a certain direction so that the two equal-strength cantilever beams 6 are deformed, let θ be the angle at which one of the equal-strength cantilever beams is tilted, is the inclination angle of another equal-strength cantilever beam, and φ is the inclination angle of the sensor in the vertical direction. According to formula (3), θ, It can be obtained by wavelength analysis and can be regarded as a known quantity. Establish the XYZ coordinate system shown in Figure 12 below, and X'Y'Z' is the coordinate system after the sensor is tilted.
令倾斜后可求得则，make Can be obtained after tilting but,
所以，求得传感器倾斜后与Z轴方向夹角映射到XY平面上，设倾斜的方向与X轴正方向夹角为α，令 Therefore, the angle between the tilted sensor and the Z-axis direction is obtained Mapped to the XY plane, set the angle between the direction of the tilt and the positive direction of the X axis as α, so that
则， but,
所以，求得传感器的倾斜方向与X轴正方向夹角Therefore, the angle between the tilt direction of the sensor and the positive direction of the X-axis is obtained
上述虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述，但并非对本发明保护范围的限制，所属领域技术人员应该明白，在本发明的技术方案的基础上，本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。Although the specific implementation of the present invention has been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it does not limit the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay creative work Various modifications or variations that can be made are still within the protection scope of the present invention.
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