CN206438082U - Domestic garbage pyrolysis gasification oven - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of domestic garbage pyrolysis gasification oven, it includes body of heater, feed system, fire grate system and collection slag system, the feed system is arranged on the top of body of heater, the inside of body of heater is from top to bottom divided into baking zone, pyrolytic layer, burning zone, after-flame layer successively, annular gas collection gas directing system is installed between baking zone and pyrolytic layer, fire grate system is installed in after-flame layer top, and collection slag system is installed in the lower section of fire grate system.The utility model domestic garbage pyrolysis gasification oven has the advantages that compact conformation, cloth cloth wind are uniform, gas collection air guide is reasonable, ash discharge is smooth and easy to operate, can guarantee that the efficient stable operation of pyrolysis gasification furnace.

Description

Domestic waste pyrolysis gasifier

technical field

The utility model relates to the field of domestic waste pyrolysis gasification treatment, in particular to a domestic waste pyrolysis gasification furnace.

Background technique

With the comprehensive advancement of the townshipization process in my country, the rural population is gradually concentrated, and the domestic waste generated in some areas is small in size, scattered in locations, difficult to collect, long in transportation distance, and high in transportation costs. How to properly dispose of it has become an issue. urgent problems that need to be solved urgently. The waste treatment technologies such as original stacking, direct landfill, simple composting and open-air incineration adopted in the early days have caused irreversible damage to land resources, ecology and living environment due to the large amount of land occupied, the generation of a large number of harmful bacteria, the discharge of odor and toxic secondary pollutants, etc. Sexual damage, seriously endangering human health.

In recent years, with the strengthening of environmental protection awareness and the successive promulgation of increasingly stringent national environmental protection laws and policies, the "harmless, reduction and recycling" of domestic waste disposal has become the basic principle followed by all countries. Waste pyrolysis technology As one of the effective ways to realize this principle, it has gradually been recognized by the industry. The core of waste pyrolysis technology lies in the pyrolysis furnace. Its structure mainly includes a pyrolysis gasifier and a secondary combustion chamber. The pyrolysis combustible gas generated by the pyrolysis gasification furnace enters the secondary combustion chamber for deep combustion through the gas guide device. Factors such as the feeding mechanism, material distribution form, air distribution system and grate structure of the pyrolysis gasification furnace all have an important impact on the pyrolysis gasification effect of the waste in the furnace, and the reasonable design of the gas guide device determines the secondary combustion. Effect of chamber deep burn. The currently widely applicable pyrolysis gasifier has the following deficiencies: ①The feeding mechanism adopts the form of direct feeding, and the structure is primitive and simple, resulting in uneven distribution of garbage raw materials in the furnace, and sometimes there is even a stacking blind area, forming an air cavity, which seriously affects the furnace. The construction and gasification effect of the inner pyrolysis layer; ②The combustion layer is easy to form high-temperature molten slag due to its high temperature. At present, most grates lack effective slag breaking structures and air distribution and cooling systems, which make the slag easy to coke and burn. ③ The combustible gas generated by pyrolysis is not properly designed for gas collection and gas conduction, which makes the pyrolysis temperature in the furnace fluctuate greatly, which affects the normal operation of the pyrolysis gasification furnace. It also affects the combustion effect of combustible gas in the secondary combustion chamber, resulting in increased difficulty in tail gas treatment.

Utility model content

The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a domestic garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace, which has the advantages of compact structure, uniform material distribution, uniform air distribution, scientific gas conduction, smooth ash discharge and easy operation, etc., and can solve the existing problems. The above-mentioned problems existing in the pyrolysis gasifier can ensure the efficient and stable operation of the pyrolysis gasifier.

The utility model adopts the following technical solutions to solve the above-mentioned technical problems:

The utility model is a domestic waste pyrolysis gasification furnace, which includes a furnace body, a feeding system, a grate system and a slag collection system. The feeding system is installed on the top of the furnace body, and the inside of the furnace body is divided into Drying layer, pyrolysis layer, combustion layer, burnout layer, a ring-shaped gas collection and gas guide system is installed between the drying layer and the pyrolysis layer, a fire grate system is installed above the burnout layer, and a slag collection is installed below the fire grate system system.

The annular gas-collecting and guiding system is composed of an anti-blocking gas-collecting ring and an air-guiding pipe. The anti-blocking gas-collecting ring is installed on the inner wall of the furnace, and the cross section is in the shape of a horizontal truncated cone. The upper part of the anti-blocking gas-collecting ring is provided with an anti-blocking The lower part is equipped with a gas-gathering chamber, which has gas-gathering holes, and the gas-gathering chamber is connected with the gas guide pipe protruding from the outside of the furnace body, and is guided into the subsequent second combustion chamber section through the gas guide tube for deep combustion treatment.

The feeding system consists of a feed hopper, a pneumatic flapper valve, a rotary distributor, a transmission chain and a distributor drive motor, the pneumatic flapper valve is set in the middle of the feed hopper, and the rotary distributor is installed at the Below, the rotary distributor is connected with the output shaft of the distributor drive motor through a transmission chain.

The upper part of the rotary distributor is provided with a distributor feed port connected to the feed hopper, and the lower part of the rotary distributor is provided with a plurality of distributor outlets evenly arranged to realize uniform distribution.

The drying layer, the pyrolysis layer and the combustion layer are respectively provided with a monitoring port, an observation hole and an inspection port installed on the furnace wall, and the burnout layer is provided with an anti-blocking fence fixed on the furnace wall.

The grate system is mainly composed of a grate cap, a hollow rotatable air distribution pipe and a rotatable grate. The rotatable grate is installed on the rotatable air distribution pipe. The grate cap that the air distribution pipe rotates, the rotatable fire grate and the rotatable air distribution pipe are respectively driven to rotate by the power mechanism.

The burnout layer is provided with a primary air annular air distribution pipe installed on the furnace wall. The primary air annular air distribution pipe is composed of an annular main pipe, an air inlet of the main pipe and an air distribution branch pipe. One end of the annular main pipe is connected to the main pipe of the fan. The outlet is connected, and the other end is connected with the air distribution branch pipe extending into the furnace body. There are several air distribution small holes in the horizontal direction of the air distribution branch pipe.

The slag collection system is composed of a slag collection hopper and a slag outlet. The slag outlet is located below the slag collection hopper and is connected to a slag discharge machine. A vibrating device is installed on the side of the slag collection hopper to prevent ash from accumulating in the slag collection hopper. clogged.

The utility model domestic garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace has the following beneficial effects:

1. The ring-shaped gas-collecting and guiding system is adopted, and the optimized combination of the anti-blocking gas-collecting ring and the gas-guiding pipe prevents the clogging of the exhaust nozzle, realizes the uniform and continuous extraction of the pyrolysis gas, and ensures the stability of the pyrolysis temperature and pressure in the furnace. Stable, improve pyrolysis efficiency;

2. Adopting a multi-port rotary feeding system, the material is evenly distributed, providing stable domestic garbage incoming material and furnace stacking structure for subsequent pyrolysis gasification, ensuring continuous and stable operation of the pyrolysis process in the furnace;

3. An anti-blocking fence is set on the lower furnace wall of the pyrolysis gasifier. The anti-blocking fence interacts with the rotatable grate to squeeze and break large pieces of slag or rotate and tear it, effectively avoiding coking and plate formation, and ensuring smooth ash discharge ;

4. The rotatable grate structure and the primary air circular air distribution pipe can realize the functions of air distribution and oxygen supply, crushing and blocking prevention, and ash and slag discharge, which can better control the temperature change in the pyrolysis furnace and improve the stability of pyrolysis , so that the material is fully pyrolyzed in the furnace, and at the same time prevents the occurrence of phenomena such as slag coking and grate jamming.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the utility model domestic waste pyrolysis gasification furnace;

Fig. 2 is the schematic front view of feeding system in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a schematic front view of the rotary distributor in Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a top view schematic diagram of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a schematic front view of the annular gas collecting and guiding system in Fig. 1;

Fig. 6 is a B-B direction view of the annular gas collection and air guiding system in Fig. 1;

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the rotatable fire grate in Fig. 1;

Fig. 8 is a schematic top view of the anti-blocking fence in Fig. 1;

Fig. 9 is a schematic top view of the primary air annular air distribution duct in Fig. 1 .

In the figure: 1 feed system, 1-1 feed hopper, 1-2 pneumatic flapper valve, 1-3 rotary distributor, 1-3-1 feed inlet of distributor, 1-3-2 discharge of distributor Port, 1-4 transmission chain, 1-5 distributor drive motor, 2 furnace body, 2-1 monitoring port, 2-2 observation hole, 2-3 furnace wall, 2-4 inspection port, 2-5 anti-blocking fence , 3 ring-shaped gas collection and gas guide system, 3-1 anti-blocking platform, 3-2 gas collection chamber, 3-3 gas collection hole, 3-4 air guide pipe, 4 grate system, 4-1 grate cap, 4- 2 rotatable distribution air duct, 4-3 rotatable grate, 4-4 motor, 4-5 motor, 4-6 air inlet, 5 primary air annular distribution duct, 5-1 annular main pipe, 5-2 cloth Air branch pipe, 5-3 main pipe air inlet, 6 slag collecting system, 6-1 slag collecting hopper, 6-2 rapping device, 6-3 slag outlet; 7 drying layer, 8 pyrolysis layer, 9 combustion layer , 10 burnout layers.

detailed description

The technical scheme of the utility model is further elaborated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. In order to make the drawings concise, only parts related to the present utility model are schematically shown in the drawings, and only one of the parts with the same structure or function is shown schematically in the drawings.

As shown in Figures 1 to 9, the utility model domestic waste pyrolysis gasification furnace includes a furnace body 2, a feeding system 1, an annular gas collection and air guiding system 3, a grate system 4, and a primary air annular distribution pipe 5 and the slag collection system 6, the feeding system 1 is installed on the top of the furnace body 2, and the interior of the furnace body 2 is divided into a drying layer 7, a pyrolysis layer 8, a combustion layer 8, and a burnout layer 10 from top to bottom. An annular gas collecting and guiding system 3 is installed between the layer 7 and the pyrolysis layer 8 , a fire grate system 4 is installed above the burnout layer 10 , and a slag collection system 6 is installed below the fire grate system 4 .

As shown in Figures 1 to 4, the feed system 1 is located at the top of the furnace body 2, and the feed system 1 consists of a feed hopper 1-1, a pneumatic flapper valve 1-2, a rotary distributor 1-3, and a transmission chain. 1-4 and the distributor drive motor 1-5, the pneumatic flapper valve 1-2 is set in the middle position of the feed hopper 1-1, the rotary distributor 1-3 is installed under the feed hopper 1-1, and rotates The distributor 1-3 is connected to the output shaft of the distributor drive motor 1-5 through the transmission chain 1-4; the upper part of the rotary distributor 1-3 is provided with a distributor feed port connected with the feed hopper 1-1 1-3-1, the lower part of the rotary distributor 1-3 is provided with a plurality of distributor outlets 1-3-2 evenly arranged. The domestic waste is fed through the feed hopper 1-1, the feed speed is controlled by the pneumatic flapper valve 1-2, and the incoming domestic waste is evenly distributed in the pyrolysis furnace by means of multi-port rotary distribution.

As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, the annular gas-gathering and gas-guiding system 3 is composed of an anti-blocking gas-gathering ring and an air-guiding pipe 3-4, and the anti-blocking gas-gathering ring is embedded in the pyrolysis layer in the furnace body and In the furnace wall where the drying layers meet, the cross section of the anti-blocking gas-collecting ring is in the shape of a horizontal truncated cone. The upper part of the anti-blocking gas-collecting ring is provided with an anti-blocking platform 3-1, and the lower part is provided with a gas-collecting chamber 3-2. , the gas-gathering chamber 3-2 is provided with a gas-gathering hole 3-3, the gas-gathering chamber 3-2 communicates with the gas guide pipe 3-4 protruding from the outside of the furnace body, and the pyrolysis gas enters the gas-gathering chamber through the gas-gathering hole 3-3 chamber 3-2, and is collected by the air duct 3-4 and then introduced into the subsequent second combustion chamber section for deep combustion treatment. The structure of the air guide pipe 3-4 is basically the same as the primary air annular air distribution pipe 5 described below.

As shown in Figures 1 and 7, the grate system 4 is located above the burnout layer 10, and the grate system 4 is mainly composed of a grate cap 4-1, a hollow rotatable air distribution pipe 4-2 and a rotatable grate 4-3 structure, the rotatable fire grate 4-3 is installed on the hollow rotatable air distribution pipe 4-2, and the top of the hollow rotatable air distribution pipe 4-2 is installed with the rotatable air distribution pipe 4-2. The fire grate cap 4-1, the bottom of the hollow rotatable air distribution pipe 4-2 is provided with an air inlet 4-6, and the rotatable fire grate 4-3 and the rotatable air distribution pipe 4-2 are respectively controlled by the motor 4- 4 and motor 4-5 drive its rotation. When the rotatable fire grate 4-3 rotated, the top of the fire grate cap 4-1 was provided with a conical cutter, and the conical cutter rotated together with the fire grate cap 4-1 to remove the garbage on the fire grate cap 4-1 top. Cutting and crushing to achieve uniform distribution, the hollow rotatable air distribution pipe 4-2 passes through the air inlet 4-6, and the air is evenly supplied by the air distribution holes on the air distribution pipe; it is installed on the rotatable grate 4-3 The tangential force is generated between the grate fence and the anti-blocking fence 2-5 fixed on the furnace wall 2-3, which crushes or rotates the garbage, effectively avoids coking and boarding of the slag, and is highly integrated and evenly distributed , air distribution and oxygen supply, crushing and anti-blocking and ash and slag discharge functions in one.

As shown in Figures 1 and 8, the drying layer 7, the pyrolysis layer 8 and the combustion layer 9 in the furnace body 2 are respectively provided with a monitoring port 2-1 and an observation hole 2-2 installed on the furnace wall 2-3. And the inspection port 2-4, the burnout layer 10 is provided with the anti-blocking fence 2-5 that is fixed on the furnace wall 2-3. Through the monitoring port 2-1, the observation hole 2-2 and the inspection port 2-4, it is convenient for data collection, daily inspection and maintenance. The control system monitors various parameters in the furnace in real time. The anti-blocking fence 2-5 is evenly distributed with anti-blocking grating strips, which are parallel to each other and have equal spacing. When the grate system rotates, the anti-blocking fence 2-5 and the grate fence on the rotatable grate 4-3 produce a tangential Squeeze and break large pieces of slag or tear them by rotation, effectively avoiding coking and plate formation, and ensuring smooth ash discharge.

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 9, the furnace body 2 is equipped with a primary air annular air distribution pipe 5, the primary air annular air distribution pipe 5 surrounds the outer wall of the upper part of the slag collecting hopper 6-1, and the primary air annular air distribution pipe 5 It is composed of annular main pipe 5-1, main pipe air inlet 5-3 and air distribution branch pipe 5-2, one end of annular main pipe 5-1 is connected with main pipe air inlet 5-3, main pipe air inlet 5-3 is externally connected to primary air Fan, the other end of the annular main pipe 5-1 is connected with the air distribution branch pipe 5-2, and the air distribution branch pipe 5-2 is evenly distributed on the annular main pipe 5-1 along the circumference, and inserted obliquely into the wall of the slag collecting bucket 6-1 , the air distribution branch pipe 5-2 is horizontally opened with several air distribution small holes, the primary air blows to the bottom of the rotatable grate 4-3 through the air distribution small holes, enters the combustion layer after being preheated by the high-temperature slag in the burnout layer, and becomes the slag The complete combustion provides sufficient oxygen atmosphere.

As shown in Figure 1, the slag collection system 6 is located directly below the grate system 4, and is composed of a slag collection hopper 6-1 and a slag outlet 6-3, and the slag outlet 6-3 is located at the slag collection hopper 6-1 Below, the slag discharge machine is connected outside, and the side of the slag collecting hopper 6-1 is equipped with a vibrating device 6-2, which can effectively prevent ash from accumulating and blocking in the slag collecting hopper 6-1.

When the domestic garbage pyrolysis gasifier of the utility model is working, firewood and other igniters are put on the grate system 4 at the lower part of the furnace body 2 to ignite, and the household garbage is evenly fed and distributed by the feeding system 1, and then In the pyrolysis furnace body 2, the processes of drying, pyrolysis, burning and burnout occur sequentially, and finally the ashes are discharged out of the furnace through the slag outlet 6-3 in the form of ash. During the pyrolysis process, multiple temperature, pressure and oxygen probes are installed on the monitoring port 2-1 to monitor the temperature, pressure and oxygen concentration of each reaction layer in the pyrolysis furnace body 2 in real time. The pyrolysis furnace wall 2-3 is provided with a number of observation holes 2-2 and inspection ports 2-4, through which the operating conditions in the furnace can be observed, and the pyrolysis furnace can be maintained through the inspection ports 2-4 . The pyrolysis gas produced by the pyrolysis and gasification of domestic waste in the pyrolysis furnace enters the gas collection chamber 3-2 through the gas collection hole 3-3, is collected by the air guide pipe 3-4, and then introduced into the subsequent second combustion chamber section for deep combustion treatment. The grate system 4 can be rotated at irregular intervals according to the discharge of ash and slag from the bottom of the furnace to stir domestic garbage in the furnace. The rotatable air distribution pipe 4-2 of the grate system 4 can evenly distribute air to the combustion layer to further optimize pyrolysis and combustion conditions. Above the slag collecting hopper 6, there is a primary air circular air distribution pipe 5, and an external blower blows air toward the combustion layer to provide the main source of air for the slag to burn out. The burnt ash falls into the slag collecting hopper 6-1 through the rotation of the rotatable fire grate 4-3, and finally discharges out of the furnace through the slag outlet 6-3. A rapping device 6-2 is provided in the middle of the slag collecting hopper 6-1. If there is ash bridging phenomenon, the rapping device 6-2 can be opened to vibrate the ash and slag.

The embodiment described above is only the preferred implementation mode of the present utility model, and is not used to limit the scope of implementation of the present utility model, as the contents recorded in the claims, carried out without departing from the main idea of the present utility model Various changes should be included in the patent scope of the utility model application.

Claims (8)

1. Domestic waste pyrolysis gasification furnace, including furnace body, feeding system, grate system and slag collection system, is characterized in that: the feeding system is installed on the top of the furnace body, and the interior of the furnace body is divided into Drying layer, pyrolysis layer, combustion layer, burnout layer, a ring-shaped gas collection and gas guide system is installed between the drying layer and the pyrolysis layer, a fire grate system is installed above the burnout layer, and a slag collection is installed below the fire grate system system. 2. The household waste pyrolysis gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: the annular gas-collecting and gas-guiding system is composed of an anti-blocking gas-collecting ring and an air-guiding pipe, and the anti-blocking gas-collecting ring is installed on the inner wall of the furnace , the cross-section is in the shape of a horizontal truncated cone. The upper part of the anti-blocking gas collection ring is provided with an anti-blocking platform, and the lower part is provided with a gas-collecting chamber. The gas-collecting chamber has a gas-collecting hole. The air pipes are connected, and are introduced into the subsequent second combustion chamber section through the air guide pipe for deep combustion treatment. 3. The domestic waste pyrolysis gasifier according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the feeding system is composed of a feeding hopper, a pneumatic slide valve, a rotary distributor, a transmission chain and a distributor driving motor, The pneumatic gate valve is set in the middle section of the feed hopper, the rotary distributor is installed under the feed hopper, and the rotary distributor is connected with the output shaft of the distributor drive motor through a transmission chain. 4. According to the described domestic waste pyrolysis gasification furnace of claim 3, it is characterized in that: the upper part of the rotary distributor is provided with a distributor feeding port connected to the feed hopper, and the lower part of the rotary distributor is provided with a uniform The outlets of multiple distributors are arranged to achieve uniform distribution. 5. The domestic waste pyrolysis gasification furnace according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the drying layer, the pyrolysis layer and the combustion layer are respectively provided with monitoring ports, observation holes and inspection holes installed on the furnace wall. The burnout layer is equipped with an anti-blocking fence fixed on the furnace wall. 6. According to the domestic waste pyrolysis gasification furnace according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the grate system is mainly composed of a grate cap, a hollow rotatable air duct and a rotatable grate, and the rotatable furnace The grate is installed on the rotatable air distribution pipe, and the top of the rotatable air distribution pipe is installed with a grate cap that rotates with the rotatable air distribution pipe. The rotatable fire grate and the rotatable air distribution pipe are respectively driven to rotate by the power mechanism. 7. According to claim 1 or 2, the domestic garbage pyrolysis gasifier is characterized in that: the burnout layer is provided with a primary air annular air distribution pipe installed on the furnace wall, and the primary air annular air distribution pipe is composed of a ring It is composed of main pipe, main pipe inlet and air distribution branch pipe. One end of the annular main pipe is connected to the main pipe inlet connected to the fan, and the other end is connected to the air distribution branch pipe extending into the furnace body. There are several distribution pipes on the air distribution branch pipe wind hole. 8. The domestic waste pyrolysis gasifier according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the slag collection system consists of a slag collection hopper and a slag outlet, the slag outlet is located below the slag collection hopper, and is connected to the slag outlet The machine is equipped with a vibrating device on the side of the slag collecting hopper to prevent the ash from accumulating and clogging in the slag collecting hopper.