CN109237490B - Gasification plasma waste treatment system - Google Patents
Gasification plasma waste treatment system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109237490B CN109237490B CN201811327020.4A CN201811327020A CN109237490B CN 109237490 B CN109237490 B CN 109237490B CN 201811327020 A CN201811327020 A CN 201811327020A CN 109237490 B CN109237490 B CN 109237490B
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- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/033—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment comminuting or crushing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
- F23J1/06—Mechanically-operated devices, e.g. clinker pushers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/04—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material using washing fluids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/80—Shredding
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2209/00—Specific waste
- F23G2209/30—Solid combustion residues, e.g. bottom or flyash
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
A gasification plasma waste treatment system comprising a gasification plasma melting furnace for treating waste to be treated into slag and synthesis gas, and a secondary reaction chamber for treating the synthesis gas into an exhaust gas and washing with water to remove dust particles and water-soluble substances carried in the exhaust gas; the gasification plasma waste melting furnace comprises a pretreatment part and a melting part, wherein the pretreatment part comprises an ash conveying mechanism, the ash conveying mechanism comprises at least 2 layers of ash discharging plates and a crushing pushing mechanism, the ash discharging plates are provided with ash discharging holes which are radial with respect to the center, the axes of the at least 2 layers of ash discharging plates are overlapped, the ash discharging plates except for the 1 st layer can rotate by different angles along the axes respectively to close or open the ash discharging holes of the 1 st layer of ash discharging plates, and the crushing pushing mechanism is arranged below the at least two layers of ash discharging plates and is used for crushing ash and pushing the ash into the melting part. The gasification plasma waste treatment system provided by the invention has high treatment efficiency and small area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a gasification plasma waste treatment system, and belongs to the technical field of waste treatment.
Background
In the prior art, there is disclosed a vertical garbage incinerator, as shown in fig. 1, in which an ash discharging mechanism is provided at a lower portion of the vertical garbage incinerator, and which includes a pair of oppositely extendable and retractable garbage supporting devices 1 disposed at an upper portion and an incineration ash discharging plate 2 provided at a lower portion so as to be opened and closed. In general, the garbage supporting apparatus 1 is pulled out from the incinerator body, and the incineration ash discharging plate 2 supports the ash layer. When discharging ash, the garbage supporting device 1 is protruded toward the incinerator body to support the load of the deposit layer located above the garbage supporting device 1, and the incineration ash located below the garbage supporting device 1 is discharged into the ash carrying-out device disposed below the incineration ash discharging mechanism due to the rotation of the incineration ash discharging plate 2.
When the vertical garbage incinerator is used for treating garbage, the whole load of the compatibility layer u, the carbonization layer c, the combustion layer y and the ash layer z is supported by the incineration ash discharging plate 2, so that the garbage supporting device 1 is quite difficult to insert and pull out, and the large ash cannot be crushed, so that the treatment efficiency of the ash is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a gasification plasma waste treatment system which has high treatment efficiency and small area.
To achieve the object, the present invention provides a gasification plasma waste treatment system characterized by comprising a gasification plasma melting furnace for treating waste to be treated into slag and synthesis gas, and a secondary reaction chamber for treating the synthesis gas into an exhaust gas and washing with water to remove dust particles and water-soluble substances carried in the exhaust gas; the gasification plasma melting furnace comprises a pretreatment part and a melting part, wherein the pretreatment part comprises a cylinder part, a funnel part and an ash conveying mechanism, the upper part of the funnel part is connected with the lower part of the cylinder part to form a pretreatment furnace main body, and the ash conveying mechanism is arranged at the lower part in the pretreatment main body; the feeding port of the melting part is connected with the ash discharge port at the lower part of the main body of the pretreatment furnace so as to melt ash by utilizing plasma flow, and the device is characterized in that the ash conveying mechanism comprises at least 2 layers of ash discharge plates and a crushing pushing mechanism, the ash discharge plates are provided with radial ash discharge ports relative to the center, the axes of the at least 2 layers of ash discharge plates are overlapped, the ash discharge plates except for the 1 st layer of ash discharge plates can rotate along the shaft by different angles respectively so as to close or open the ash discharge ports of the 1 st layer of ash discharge plates, and the crushing pushing mechanism is arranged below the at least two layers of ash discharge plates and is used for crushing ash and pushing the ash into the melting part.
Preferably, the crushing pushing mechanism comprises a shaft capable of being mounted on the funnel portion and a rotating body arranged on the shaft, wherein crushing teeth are arranged on the rotating body, and crushing teeth are arranged on the inner wall of the funnel portion.
Preferably, a multi-body rib is provided on the rotating body parallel to the rotation axis, the rib comprising at least a first face with an increasing angle to the rotation face, a second face connected to the first face and parallel to the rotation face, and a third face connected to the second face and perpendicular to the rotation face, the second face being provided with crushing teeth.
Preferably, an inclined material bed is provided in the melting section of the plasma furnace, and ash fed into the melting section by the pretreatment section is placed on the material bed to melt the ash.
Preferably, the operating temperature of the pretreatment section is between 450 degrees celsius and 800 degrees celsius; the melting section has an operating temperature between 1300 degrees celsius and 1800 degrees celsius.
Preferably, the amount of oxygen supplied to the pretreatment portion is controlled according to the average heating value and the weight of the waste supplied to the pretreatment portion so that the waste to be treated forms a slag layer, a combustion layer, a carbonized layer and a compatible layer in the pretreatment portion.
Preferably, the exhaust port of the pretreatment section is in communication with the melting section so that the melting section pyrolyses the pyrolyseable substances in the flue gas.
Preferably, the end of the inclined material bed in the melting section communicates with a slag discharge channel in which a door for closing and opening the channel is provided.
Preferably, a partition plate is arranged in the secondary reaction chamber, the partition plate divides the secondary reaction chamber into a re-reaction chamber positioned at the upstream of the air flow and a washing chamber positioned at the upstream of the air flow, an annular groove is arranged on the upper surface of the partition plate, the annular groove is communicated with a water outlet arranged on the side wall of the secondary reaction chamber, an exhaust pipe is arranged in the center of the partition plate, the exhaust pipe is communicated with an air storage chamber of the convex cap, and a plurality of exhaust holes are radially arranged at the lower part of the convex cap.
Preferably, the reaction chamber is filled with an oxidant containing free radicals to react with the synthesis gas again.
Compared with the prior art, the gasification plasma waste treatment system provided by the invention has the advantages of high treatment efficiency and small area.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the constitution of an ash discharging mechanism of a vertical garbage incinerator provided in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a gasification plasma waste treatment system provided by the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the components of the ash removal mechanism provided by the present invention;
fig. 4, 5 and 6 are schematic views of a first tier ash discharge plate, a 2 nd tier ash discharge plate and an installed ash discharge plate, respectively, of an ash discharge mechanism.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "connected" should be construed broadly, and for example, they may be fixed, they may be detachably connected, they may be integrally connected, they may be directly connected, they may be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and they may also be in communication with each other, so that it is possible for those skilled in the art to understand the meaning of the terms in the present invention in detail.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a gasification plasma waste treatment system provided in the prior art, as shown in fig. 2, comprising at least a gasification plasma waste melting furnace for treating waste to be treated into slag and synthesis gas, and a secondary reaction chamber for treating the synthesis gas into an effluent gas and washing with water to remove dust particles and water-soluble substances carried in the effluent gas. The plasma waste melting furnace comprises a pretreatment part 10 and a melting part 20 arranged below the pretreatment part, wherein the pretreatment part 10 comprises a cylinder part 11, a funnel part 12 and an ash conveying mechanism 13, the upper part of the funnel part 12 is connected with the lower part of the cylinder part 11 to form a pretreatment furnace main body, and the ash conveying mechanism 13 is arranged at the lower part in the pretreatment main body; the feed port of the melting section 20 is provided at an upper position of the housing of the melting section, and is connected to the ash discharge port 16 at the lower portion of the main body of the pretreatment furnace to melt-treat ash using a plasma flow.
The pretreatment furnace main body is composed of a steel shell forming an outer shell, an upper refractory material on the inner side and a lower refractory material on the inner side. A charging port 14 for charging waste into the furnace is provided at the top of the pretreatment furnace main body, and the charging port has a sealing mechanism such as a double wind deflector 15.
The hopper 12 for depositing the thrown-in waste is narrowed to form a hemispherical shape, and when the rotating body in the ash conveying mechanism is spherical, the hopper 12 is narrowed to form a hemispherical shape to be matched with the spherical rotating body. A water jacket is provided on the entire outer periphery of the lower refractory disposed in the funnel 12, and cools the lower refractory by passing cooling water inside. The waste put into the furnace forms a deposit layer in the hopper 12.
An incineration ash discharging mechanism 13 is provided at the lower portion of the hopper portion 12. According to one embodiment, the ash conveying mechanism 13 includes N layers of ash discharge plates having ash discharge openings radially about the center, the axes of the N layers of ash discharge plates overlap, and the 2 nd to nth layers of ash discharge plates are respectively rotatable by different angles along a rotation shaft provided at the center of the lower portion of the 1 st layer of ash discharge plate to close the ash discharge openings of the 1 st layer of ash discharge plate, the N being an integer greater than or equal to 2. In general, the 2 nd to nth ash discharging plates can be rotated by different angles around a rotation shaft provided at the center of the lower portion of the 1 st ash discharging plate to close and the 1 st ash discharging plate ash discharging port, respectively, to support the load of the deposition layer. When ash is required to be discharged, the 2 nd to the N th ash discharge plates are rotated by the driving mechanism, so that the ash discharge openings of the 1 st to the N th ash discharge plates are unblocked for ash discharge.
According to one embodiment, a crushing pushing mechanism is also provided below the ash discharge plate for crushing and pushing ash to the melting section 20, the crushing pushing mechanism comprising a shaft 135 mountable to the hopper and a rotating body provided on the shaft, the rotating body being provided with crushing teeth, the inner wall of the hopper 12 being provided with crushing teeth 121.
The amount of oxygen supplied to the pretreatment section is controlled according to the average heating value and the weight of the waste supplied to the pretreatment section 10 so that the waste to be treated forms an ash layer z, a combustion layer y, a carbonized layer c and a compatibility layer u in the pretreatment section 10. The operating temperature of the pretreatment section 10 is between 450 degrees celsius and 800 degrees celsius.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the shaft core of the shaft on the upper surface of the ash discharging plate of the first layer of the incineration ash discharging mechanism is empty to form a gas duct, and the combustion air fed from the combustion air feeding pipe is fed to the deposition layer through the ash discharging plate of the first layer and the convex cap 133 in gas flow communication therewith. The combustion air is supplied by a forced draft fan. The combustion air supply pipe has a flow meter for monitoring the flow rate of the combustion air in the pipe, and an on-off valve for changing the supply amount of the combustion air. In the present embodiment, the supply amount of the combustion air is controlled so that when the deposition thickness of the deposition layer increases and the transport load of the combustion air increases and the flow rate thereof decreases, the on-off valve is opened so as to increase the supply amount of the combustion air; conversely, when the deposition thickness of the waste becomes small and the transport load of the combustion air becomes small and the flow rate thereof increases, the on-off valve is closed to reduce the supply amount of the combustion air.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the melting section 20 comprises a vessel 21, a bed 22 of material inclined in the vessel 21 and a support 24 for supporting the vessel 21, the top of the vessel 21 being conical, the centre of the top being provided with an air inlet which communicates with the air outlet of the pretreatment section via a pipe; the side wall of the conical top is provided with a feed port which is directly connected to the slag discharge port of the pretreatment portion to facilitate the direct throwing of crushed slag by the slag conveying mechanism of the pretreatment portion 10 onto the slag input to the melting portion 20 onto the material bed 22 for melting the slag. A pair of plasma electrodes 25 is disposed within the melting portion 20, and the pair of plasma electrodes 25 are powered by a plasma power source, which may be either dc or ac. The melting section operates at a temperature between 1300 degrees celsius and 1800 degrees celsius.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the exhaust port 17 of the pretreatment section 10 is connected to the melting section 10 by a pipe 26, so that the melting section 10 carries out pyrolysis on the pyrolysis-capable substances carried by the flue gas. Preferably, a smoke inlet 27 is provided at the top of the melting section 10 so that dust carried by the smoke discharged from the pretreatment section 10 is also introduced into the melting section 20 for pyrolysis.
The end of the inclined material bed 22 in the melting section 20 is connected to a slag discharge channel 28 in which a door 26 for closing and opening the channel is provided, the closing and opening of the door 26 being also performed by a driving mechanism driven by a motor. The side wall of the slag discharging passage is provided with an exhaust port 23 for exhausting the synthesis gas.
According to one example of the present invention, the waste plasma treatment system further comprises a secondary reactor for converting a gaseous synthesis gas generated by the gasification plasma furnace into an effluent gas. The secondary reactor comprises a vessel in which a baffle 33 is provided, the upper surface of which is provided with an annular recess for collecting sprayed water, said annular recess being in communication with a water outlet provided in the side wall of the secondary reaction chamber, said baffle dividing the secondary reaction chamber into a synthesis gas re-reaction chamber 30 upstream of the gas flow and a water-wash chamber 40 upstream of the gas flow, the vessel 31 of the re-reaction chamber section being composed of mild steel and lined with a suitable isolating/refractory material, the vessel 41 of the water-wash chamber section being made of steel or a resin material. The partition 33 is provided at the center thereof with an exhaust pipe which communicates with the air reservoir of the male cap 34, and the lower portion of the male cap 34 is radially provided with a plurality of exhaust holes. The synthesis gas re-reaction chamber 30 comprises a vessel 31 and an inlet port 32 provided in a side wall of the vessel 31 through which an oxidant containing oxygen radicals is injected into the vessel 31 to further condition the synthesis gas, for example to react any unreacted carbon with the oxidant to form carbon monoxide, or to react volatile metal components with the oxidant to form metal oxide effluent gases including nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and/or water vapour. The washing chamber 40 includes a vessel 41 having an exhaust port at the top, a water inlet 42 at a position above the side wall, and an annular shower pipe (not shown) at a position above the inside to spray water into the vessel 41. When the synthesis gas and the oxidant react again in the synthesis gas re-reaction chamber 30, a dischargeable gas is generated which is discharged through an exhaust port under the male cap 34 into the water wash chamber 40 which meets the water sprayed from below upwards and from above downwards, bringing dust and water soluble substances carried by the gas to the annular recess from the water and then out through the exhaust port. The clean, effluent gas is removed from the bulk of the water by filter 50 and is discharged to the outside or downstream processing equipment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the composition of the ash discharge mechanism provided by the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the ash conveying mechanism comprises at least 2 layers of ash discharge plates 131 and 134, and a crushing pushing mechanism 136, the ash discharge plates have an ash discharge port radially arranged about the center, the axes of at least 2 layers of ash discharge plates overlap, and the ash discharge plates 134 of other layers except the ash discharge plate 131 of layer 1 can be rotated by different angles along the shaft 132 to close or open the ash discharge port of ash discharge plate of layer 1, respectively.
According to one embodiment, the ash discharging mechanism 13 further comprises a convex cap 133, the convex cap 133 is arranged at the upper end of the air duct 1311, an air storage chamber is formed in the convex cap 133, a plurality of air ports are radially arranged at the lower part of the convex cap 133, a plurality of air ports are arranged on the incineration ash discharging plate 131, and the caliber of the air ports is about 25-35 mm. By forming the air port in the lower portion of the male cap 133, ash can be prevented from clogging the air port, so that the combustion-supporting gas can be sufficiently supplied to the combustion layer.
According to an embodiment, the crushing pushing mechanism 136 is disposed below the at least two ash discharging plates, and is used for crushing ash, and the crushing pushing mechanism includes a shaft 135 capable of being mounted on the funnel portion and a rotating body disposed on the shaft 135, the rotating body is provided with crushing teeth, and the inner wall of the funnel portion 12 is provided with crushing teeth 121 meshed with the crushing teeth of the rotating body. A multi-body rib is provided on the rotating body parallel to the rotation axis, the rib comprising at least a first face 137 with an increasing angle to the rotation face, a second face 138 connected to the first face and parallel to the rotation face of the rotating body, and a third face 139 connected to the second face 137 and perpendicular to the rotation face of the rotating body, the second face 138 being provided with crushing teeth. When the rotating body rotates, the third face of the rib pushes ash to a cavity formed between the inner surface of the funnel part and the rotating body, crushing teeth formed on the third face of the rib and crushing teeth arranged on the inner surface of the funnel part crush small particles, and when the rotating body continues to rotate, the crushed small particle ash is pushed to the melting part.
Fig. 4, 5 and 6 are schematic views of a first ash discharging plate, a 2 nd ash discharging plate and an installed ash discharging plate of the ash discharging mechanism, respectively, as shown in fig. 4-6, the first ash discharging plate 131 has a central shaft 1312, a circular bracket 1313 and a plurality of ribs 1314 connected to the central shaft and the circular bracket in radial arrangement, a radial ash discharging hole is formed between the ribs with respect to the center, the circular bracket of the first ash discharging plate 131 is fixed to the sidewall of the funnel portion 12, an air flow cavity is formed inside the circular bracket, and an air inlet communicated with the air flow cavity is provided on the sidewall of the funnel portion 12. The first ash discharging plate 131 has a cylindrical air duct 1311 on its upper surface, which communicates with the air flow chamber, and an air storage chamber in communication with the male cap 133 at its upper end. A rotation shaft 1312 is provided at the center of the lower surface of the first ash discharging plate 131 in the axial direction. The second ash discharging plate 134 has a sleeve 1341, a circular bracket 1342, and a plurality of radially arranged ribs 1343 connected to the central shaft and the circular bracket, between which a radial ash discharging hole is formed with respect to the center, and the circular bracket of the second ash discharging plate 134 is provided with teeth axially outside thereof, which can be engaged with a driving mechanism. The shaft sleeve is sleeved on the rotating shaft 1312 of the first ash discharging plate 131, and the 2 nd ash discharging plate can rotate around the rotating shaft 1312 by a set angle under the action of the driving mechanism. In the present invention, an air inlet is provided on the side wall of the hopper 12 corresponding to the first ash discharging plate 131, a slot is provided in the circumferential direction corresponding to the second ash discharging plate 134, and a driving mechanism may be mechanically connected to the second ash discharging plate through the slot to drive the second ash discharging plate 134 to rotate around the rotation shaft 1312.
Next, the operation of the plasma waste melting furnace will be described. In the process of starting the operation, the waste charged into the main body of the pretreatment section 10 from the charging port 14 is deposited on the ash layer z remaining on the bottom of the hopper to form a compatible layer u, thereby forming an initial deposition layer. In the initial deposition layer, the waste in the compatible layer u is burnt from the inflammable material while consuming oxygen by contact with the combustion air, and the flame is retained together with the flame retardant material to form the combustion layer y.
Here, when the supply amount of the combustion air is set to 0.2 to 0.8 times the theoretical air amount, the combustion layer y gradually expands toward the compatibility layer u, but the expansion of the combustion layer y stagnates as the oxygen in the combustion air is exhausted. When the expansion of the combustion layer y is stopped, the compatibility layer u on the combustion layer y is heated by the combustion layer y in a state that oxygen is hardly present, so that the waste is thermally decomposed to form a carbonization layer c. In addition, the incinerated ash burnt in the combustion layer y is gradually deposited to the ash layer z. That is, in the incineration treatment, when the supply amount of the combustion air to the deposit is set to 0.2 to 0.8 times the theoretical air amount, the "compatibility layer u", "carbonization layer c", "combustion layer y" and "ash layer z" are formed in the deposit from above.
Since the carbonized layer c in a substantially oxygen-free state is formed between the compatible layer u and the combustion layer y in the deposited layer, the phenomenon of instantaneous combustion of inflammable substances in the compatible layer u can be prevented, and the combustion state can be stabilized.
In addition, the inflammable matter in the compatible layer u does not instantaneously burn, but most of the inflammable matter contained in the waste directly enters the carbonized layer c from the compatible layer u and enters the burning layer y from the carbonized layer c. Thus, the combustion heat in the combustion layer y can be maintained.
Further, in the carbonized layer c, since the combustible material having a high heat generation content is contained in the waste R for a long period of time and is dried at a high temperature in a state where oxygen is insufficient to suppress combustion, the refractory material in the waste is sufficiently thermally decomposed. As a result, the combustion of the waste can be promoted to be uniform, and the combustion heat in the combustion layer y is maintained, so that the residual amount of unburned substances in the finally discharged incineration ash is very small.
After more than a certain amount of incineration ash is deposited on the ash layer z, the ash discharge plates of the 1 st to the N th layers are rotated by the driving mechanism to form ash channels by the ash discharge openings of the ash discharge plates of the 2 nd to the N th layers, so that the incineration ash is discharged into the melting portion 20. Or the crushing mechanism 136 may be activated to crush the ash and push the crushed ash onto the material bed 22 of the melting section 20.
The gas at high temperature generated by the combustion of the deposition layer, unreacted gas, and thermally decomposed gas of organic compounds such as dioxin are discharged into the gas guide pipe 26, and the fixed particles carried by the gas are deposited and reintroduced into the melting section 20. On the other hand, ash produced by pretreating waste is also fed to the melting section 20, and ash and fixed particles are melted by a plasma stream in the melting section 20 to be converted into synthesis gas and/or slag, which is discharged from a slag discharge passage 28 of the melting section, and the synthesis gas, high-temperature gas, unreacted gas, and gas such as pyrolysis gas of organic compounds such as dioxin are introduced into a secondary combustion through an exhaust port 23.
The melting section 20 includes a container 21, which container 21 may be partially or partially configured so that if one section is removed for maintenance, the other section may remain in its place. The container 21 is internally provided with a material bed 22 which is obliquely arranged, ash slag discharged from the pretreatment part 10 is arranged on the material bed 22, and the container 21 sequentially comprises a high heat-resistant corrosion-resistant layer, an insulating layer, a heat-insulating layer and a fire-resistant layer from outside to inside. According to one embodiment, the inner wall of the vessel 21 may be made of a combination of several layers of refractory material, also of low carbon steel and of an insulating inner wall made of a layer of refractory material, which may comprise silicon carbide or graphite brick, hydraulically poured refractory material, ceramic plates, ceramic coatings, compact plates and/or high heat and corrosion resistant borosilicate glass blocks.
A temperature sensor and/or pressure sensor may be provided within the vessel of the melting section 20 to continuously or substantially continuously monitor the temperature and/or pressure in the vessel to ensure that the negative pressure in the vessel is within a predetermined range. The temperature and/or pressure may be detected by providing one or more monitoring ports in the container wall such that probes of the temperature and/or pressure sensors extend into the container 21, which temperature and/or pressure sensors may be connected to a control system for communicating detected temperature and pressure information to the control system, which control system controls the electrical power applied to the pair of plasma electrodes 25 based on the data measured thereby.
Vitrified or melted waste from the ash may form slag, such as vitreous slag, which may collect in the slag bath below the side of the vessel 21. Slag may be discharged through a slag outlet into a slag/metal alloy collection device. The slag/metal alloy collection device may include a slag tapping car. The slag discharging vehicle can be air-cooled or water-cooled. The discharged slag may be quenched in a water tank, causing the discharged slag to solidify and break into smaller pieces. The slag may withstand leaching in the solid state. The solid slag removed from vessel 21 may be transported from the slag/metal alloy collection device to a hopper by a conveyor belt or other means for transport and may be reused or disposed of. Slag may also be discharged into other specially designated construction machinery, such as molds that are isolated by sand to form building materials.
The solid slag may be used in many commercial applications, such as road construction, concrete aggregate, blast cleaning, fiberglass, and/or fiberglass-like materials, may be harmless and may not require landfills. In addition it can be formed into decorative tiles or used in combination with building materials to form lightweight composite household building materials.
Some of the metal oxides present in the ash may be reduced to their elemental form due to the low oxygen environment in the vessel 21 of the plasma melting section. Metals and metal alloys present in the scrap may also be melted in the vessel. Over time, a metal layer may accumulate on the inclined material bed. Certain metals, such as iron, may not readily react with silicate contained in the slag bath. Slag may absorb these metals and metal oxides, but if there is a large amount of metal in the waste, the metal may accumulate. The molten metal may be tapped together with molten slag through a tap hole and processed.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, a method for plasma treatment of waste gasification at least comprises: mixing the high-heat-value waste and auxiliary materials according to a certain weight ratio, then supplying the mixture to a drying compatibility layer, and carrying out convection on the mixture from top to bottom and flue gas from bottom to top in the drying compatibility layer and carrying out pyrolysis on decomposable substances in the mixture; the carbonized residue after pyrolysis flows into the combustion layer, the carbonized residue is mixed with the combustion-supporting gas introduced and combusted in the combustion layer, the generated flue gas enters the drying compatibility section, the residual high-temperature residue ash after combustion continues to form an ash residue layer, the residual high-temperature residue ash after combustion continues to move downwards, the heat is absorbed by air and the air is preheated, the residue is extruded and crushed into blocks with the size of less than 100mm under the action of the crushing mechanism 136, and the blocks are discharged into the plasma melting part.
The ash slag entering the melting part is burned and fused into molten state slurry by a high-temperature plasma spray gun, and the molten state slurry automatically flows into a quenching water tank at the side part of the melting part through a slag discharging passage 28 of the melting part to form stable and harmless glassy state slag. The synthesis gas generated by the melting part and part of flue gas discharged from the pretreatment part are subjected to oxidation reaction again in the secondary reaction chamber to generate dischargeable gas, the dischargeable gas is subjected to water washing in the water washing chamber to generate clean gas, and then excessive water is removed through the filter and discharged into the air.
The working principle of the invention is described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that the description is merely illustrative of the claims. The scope of the invention is not limited by the description. Any changes or substitutions that would be readily apparent to one skilled in the art within the scope of the present disclosure are intended to be encompassed within the scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A gasification plasma waste treatment system, characterized in that it comprises a gasification plasma melting furnace for processing waste to be treated into slag and synthesis gas, and a secondary reaction chamber for processing the synthesis gas into an exhaust gas and washing with water to remove dust particles and water-soluble substances carried in the exhaust gas; the gasification plasma melting furnace comprises a pretreatment part and a melting part, wherein the pretreatment part comprises a cylinder part, a funnel part and an ash conveying mechanism, the upper part of the funnel part is connected with the lower part of the cylinder part to form a pretreatment furnace main body, and the ash conveying mechanism is arranged at the lower part in the pretreatment furnace main body; the slag conveying mechanism comprises at least 2 layers of slag discharge plates and a crushing pushing mechanism, wherein the slag discharge plates are provided with slag discharge ports which are radial with respect to the center, the axes of the at least 2 layers of slag discharge plates are overlapped, the slag discharge ports of the other layers of slag discharge plates except for the layer 1 can be respectively rotated along the shaft for different angles to close or open the slag discharge ports of the layer 1 slag discharge plates, the crushing pushing mechanism is arranged below the at least two layers of slag discharge plates and is used for crushing slag and pushing the slag into the melting part, a partition plate is arranged in the secondary reaction chamber, the secondary reaction chamber is divided into a re-reaction chamber positioned at the upstream of the air flow and a water washing chamber positioned at the downstream of the air flow by the partition plate, an annular groove is arranged on the upper surface of the partition plate and is communicated with a water discharge port arranged at the side wall of the secondary reaction chamber, an exhaust pipe is arranged at the center of the partition plate and is communicated with an air storage chamber of a convex cap, and a plurality of exhaust holes are radially arranged at the lower part of the convex cap; the pretreatment furnace main body is composed of a steel shell forming an outer shell, an upper refractory material on the inner side and a lower refractory material on the inner side.
2. The gasification plasma waste treatment system of claim 1, wherein the crushing pushing mechanism comprises a shaft capable of being mounted on the funnel portion and a rotating body arranged on the shaft, the rotating body is provided with crushing teeth, and the inner wall of the funnel portion is provided with crushing teeth.
3. The gasification plasma waste treatment system of claim 2, wherein a plurality of ribs are provided on the rotating body parallel to the rotation axis, the ribs including at least a first face having an increasing angle with the rotation face, a second face connected to the first face and parallel to the rotation face, and a third face connected to the second face and perpendicular to the rotation face, and crushing teeth are provided on the second face.
4. A gasification plasma waste treatment system according to claim 3 wherein an inclined material bed is provided in the melting section of the plasma melting furnace, and ash fed into the melting section by the pretreatment section is placed on the material bed to melt the ash.
5. The gasification plasma waste treatment system of claim 4, wherein the operating temperature of the pretreatment section is between 450 degrees celsius and 800 degrees celsius; the melting section has an operating temperature between 1300 degrees celsius and 1800 degrees celsius.
6. The gasification plasma waste treatment system of claim 5, wherein the amount of oxygen supplied to the pretreatment section is controlled based on the average heating value and the weight of the waste supplied to the pretreatment section so that the waste to be treated forms a slag layer, a combustion layer, a carbonization layer, and a compatibility layer in the pretreatment section.
7. The gasification plasma waste treatment system of claim 6, wherein the exhaust port of the pretreatment section is in communication with the melting section such that the melting section pyrolyzes the pyrolysis material in the flue gas.
8. The gasification plasma waste treatment system of claim 7, wherein the end of the inclined material bed in the melting section is communicated with a slag discharge passage, and a door for closing and opening the passage is provided in the slag discharge passage.
9. The gasification plasma waste treatment system of claim 8, wherein the re-reaction chamber is injected with an oxidant containing free radicals to re-react with the synthesis gas.
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| CN109945209A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-06-28 | 北京航天国环技术有限公司 | A kind of dangerous waste plasma processing method |
| CN109855100A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-06-07 | 北京航天国环技术有限公司 | A kind of multilayer solid waste treatment furnace |
| CN109855103A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-06-07 | 北京航天国环技术有限公司 | A kind of dangerous waste plasma handling system |
| CN110160055A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2019-08-23 | 深圳市龙吉顺实业发展有限公司 | A kind of plasma reactor processing garbage system |
| CN112628754B (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2023-06-13 | 中广核研究院有限公司 | Waste gasification melting treatment system and waste gasification melting treatment method |
| CN113560318A (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2021-10-29 | 上海羿诚环保科技有限公司 | Melting furnace and slurry discharge device |
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