CN206331216U - A kind of entangled photon pairs are produced and separator - Google Patents
A kind of entangled photon pairs are produced and separator Download PDFInfo
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- CN206331216U CN206331216U CN201621410351.0U CN201621410351U CN206331216U CN 206331216 U CN206331216 U CN 206331216U CN 201621410351 U CN201621410351 U CN 201621410351U CN 206331216 U CN206331216 U CN 206331216U
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium niobate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Nb](=O)=O GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005610 quantum mechanics Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Produced the utility model discloses a kind of entangled photon pairs and separator.The device can include pump laser, erbium-doped fiber amplifier, tunable bandpass filters, variable attenuator, Polarization Controller, light source chip, unequal arm interferometer, single-photon detector and time interval analyzer successively along optical propagation direction.Wherein, the light source chip is asymmetric Y types knot fiber waveguide.The utility model can be solved in the prior art due to the limitation in terms of Optical Fiber Transmission is vulnerable to the change disturbance of the external environments such as temperature and needs to take the measures such as polarization-maintaining, refrigeration to cause in a fiber relevant entangled light source portability.
Description
Technical field
The utility model is related to quantum information technology field, more particularly to a kind of entangled photon pairs production based on light source chip
Raw and separator.
Background technology
Quantum entanglement describes a kind of special quantum state of hybrid system：The quantum state of hybrid system can not be decomposed into single
The tensor product of subsystem quantum state, and the measurement result of any single subsystem can not independently of other subsystems state.Entangle
Twine because of its unique quantum mechanics characteristic, be usually used in quantum cryptography, quantum teleportation, be quantum communications, quantum calculation etc.
Core resource in quantum information technology.It is always quantum information neck to prepare controllable, efficient, entangled light source stably, portable
The Research Challenges and focus in domain.The advantage that photon is easy to transmit, be difficult decoherence due to it, is made in current quantum information technology
With most entangled quantum systems.The preparation method of entangled photon pairs is normally based on following several physical processes or physical principle
, i.e.,：（1）Four-wave mixing process in atomic system；（2）Mixed based on four ripples in third-order nonlinear optical phenomenon, i.e. optical fiber
Frequency process；（3）Transfer process under optical parameter in second order nonlinear crystal.
Conventional method is transfer process generation entangled photon pairs under the two-stage parametric based on nonlinear crystal at present, i.e.
One high-frequency pump photon is spontaneously split into the lower converted photons of a pair of low frequencies with a certain probability, and this is to one in low frequency photon
Individual to be referred to as signal photon, another is then referred to as idler photon.When the conditions are suitable, signal photon and idler photon can be
Degeneracy occurs in frequency, so that entanglement of formation photon pair.This degeneracy process needs to meet the conservation of energy and conservation of momentum condition.
In addition, the polarization of the photon of pump light, flashlight, ideler frequency light also suffers from the limitation of crystal type.Currently used for lower turn of parameter
The crystal changed is broadly divided into three types, i.e.,：0 type, I type and II type.Wherein, in 0 type crystal, signal photon and idler photon
Polarization it is consistent and consistent with the polarization direction of pump light；In I type crystal, signal photon is consistent with the polarization of idler photon,
And it is orthogonal with the polarization direction of pump light；In II type crystal, the polarized orthogonal of signal photon and idler photon, and signal photon
Polarization it is consistent with the polarization of pump light.By the type crystal of the non-colinears such as bbo crystal II, the light of polarization-entangled can be obtained
Source, wherein generally separating entangled photon pairs using polarization beam apparatus.Particularly, will be periodically using quasi-phase matching
Poled lithium Niobate（PPLN）, periodic polarized KTP crystal（PPKTP）It is processed into after waveguide, can significantly carries
The generation efficiency of high entangled photon pairs.Also, tangled compared with free spaces such as bulk crystals, generation is tangled based on waveguide device
Device can be directly integrated into optical fiber, so as to greatly reduce light source volume, and improve the collection efficiency of entangled light source so that
Light source can be highly efficient and stably.
Entangled photon pairs are produced through parameter transform based on PPLN waveguides, are the most-often used sides of current generation entangled photon pairs
Method.Particularly in communication band, waveguide directly does integration packaging with optical fiber, while efficient light source, stabilization is ensured, improves
The collection efficiency of photon.LiNO based on reverse proton exchange3Waveguide is the most efficient waveguide device reported at present, its with
The other types of waveguide such as titanium diffused, etching step waveguide, which is compared, following characteristics：Variations in refractive index is moderate；Loss compared with
It is low, to communication wavelength（About 1.55 μm）It can reach<0.1dB/cm；Facular model is controllable, can be with optical fiber eigen mode phase
Match somebody with somebody；It is easily achieved long chip（>60mm）, so as to obtain high gain；Because process uses photomask technology, therefore technique
It can be standardized, be advantageously implemented volume production.
The PPLN waveguides of proton exchange belong to 0 type nonlinear crystal, and it only supports TM00Communication mode.In PPLN waveguides,
Pump light, flashlight, ideler frequency light polarization direction it is consistent.Compared with II type PPLN waveguides, the PPLN waveguides of proton exchange are not required to
Consider crystal birefringence effect, it is not necessary to carry out harsh quasi-phase matched.However, being exported by the PPLN waveguides of proton exchange
Signal photon and idler photon will occur degeneracy on polarization, therefore can not angularly means be separated by polarization beam apparatus
Entangled photon pairs.
The content of the invention
For above-mentioned technical problem present in prior art, asymmetrical Y-type knot is based on the utility model proposes one kind
The entangled photon pairs of fiber waveguide device are produced and separator.
In one side of the present utility model, disclose a kind of entangled photon pairs and produce and separator, it is propagated along light
Direction can include pump laser, erbium-doped fiber amplifier, tunable bandpass filters, variable attenuator, polarization control successively
Device processed, light source chip, unequal arm interferometer, single-photon detector and time interval analyzer.Wherein, the light source chip can be with
For asymmetric Y types knot fiber waveguide.
Preferably, the unequal arm interferometer can increase Dare interferometer or Michelson interference for the Mach of unequal arm
Instrument.The asymmetric Y types knot fiber waveguide can be the asymmetric periodic polarized lithium columbate crystal of Y types knot（PPLN）Waveguide.
The single-photon detector can be upper conversion single-photon detector.
Further, the fiber waveguide can include input narrow arm portion, it is the wide arm of input, quasi-phase matched portion, defeated
Go out to hold narrow arm portion and the wide arm of output end.Wherein, the narrow arm portion of the input and wide arm may be constructed one it is compound many
Road converter, and its narrow arm connects the pump laser source.The quasi-phase matched portion is periodic polarized for the fiber waveguide
Region, and may be constructed quasi-phase matched grating.The narrow arm portion of the output end and wide arm may be constructed a mode signal
Separator.
Preferably, long pass filter and light are also provided between the fiber waveguide and the unequal arm interferometer
Polarization Controller, enters the unequal arm interferometer with the light pulse for avoiding pump laser from exporting.
Preferably, temperature control unit is also provided with the unequal arm interferometer, so that in unequal arm interferometer
The time difference of two-arm is identical with the time interval of the pump laser output optical pulse.
Preferably, the pump laser can export TEM00The pumping light pulse of pattern, it is passed through in the fiber waveguide
Output polarization direction is identical and respectively at narrow arm portion and the wide arm of the output end of the fiber waveguide respectively after parametric down conversion
For TM10And TM00The flashlight and ideler frequency light of pattern.
Preferably, the light pulse wavelength of the pump laser output can be 780nm.The tunable bandpass filters
Bandwidth can be 1nm, passed through using the light pulse for allowing wavelength as 780nm.The variable attenuator can be by the strong of light pulse
Degree decays to each average pulse number of photons for 0.1.The polarization of light pulse can be adjusted to and institute by the Polarization Controller
The input matching for stating fiber waveguide is vertical polarization.
Preferably, the width of the fiber waveguide can be 8-14 μm.
Preferably, the wide arm of the input of the fiber waveguide and the width in narrow arm portion can be respectively 3 μm and 2 μm, institute
It can be 16.45 μm, the wide arm of the output end of the fiber waveguide to state the polarization cycle length in the quasi-phase matched region of fiber waveguide
The width in portion and narrow arm portion can be respectively 5 μm and 3 μm, and the temperature of the fiber waveguide can be 130 degrees Celsius.
Brief description of the drawings
Now, refer to the attached drawing is described in detail to embodiment of the present utility model in an illustrative manner, wherein：
Fig. 1 shows that entangled photon pairs of the present utility model produce the structural representation with separator；And
Fig. 2 shows the structural representation of light source chip of the present utility model.
Embodiment
Hereinafter, exemplary embodiment of the present utility model is with reference to the accompanying drawings to be described in detail.The following examples with
Way of example is provided, fully to pass on spirit of the present utility model to the utility model those skilled in the art.Cause
This, the utility model is not limited to embodiment disclosed herein.
Fig. 1 shows that entangled photon pairs of the present utility model produce the structural representation with separator.As shown in figure 1,
The device includes pump laser, erbium-doped fiber amplifier（EDFA）, tunable bandpass filters（TBPF）, variable attenuator
（VATT）, Polarization Controller（PC）, light source chip, unequal arm Mach increase Dare interferometer（MZI）, single-photon detector and time
Compartment analysis instrument（TIA）.In Fig. 1, light source chip is the asymmetric periodic polarized lithium columbate crystal of Y types knot（PPLN）Light wave
Lead.
Fig. 2 shows the structural representation of Fig. 1 light source chip.As shown in Fig. 2 asymmetric Y types knot PPLN fiber waveguides
Including input narrow arm portion, the wide arm of input, quasi-phase matched portion and output end narrow arm portion and the wide arm of output end.Wherein,
The narrow arm portion of input and wide arm serve as compound multiplexer；Quasi-phase matched portion is periodic polarized for PPLN waveguides
Region, it serves as quasi-phase matched grating；The narrow arm portion of output end and wide arm serve as mode signal separator.
Produced in entangled photon pairs of the present utility model with separator, pattern is TEM00Pump light in input quilt
The narrow arm of multiplexer is input to, the pattern of the pump light is from TEM herein00Be converted to TM10Waveguide mode.Then, pump light
By quasi-phase matched grating, generate that polarization direction is identical, pattern is respectively TM through parametric down conversion10And TM00Flashlight and
Ideler frequency light.The flashlight and ideler frequency light generated distinguishes the narrow arm of slave pattern demultiplexer and wide arm output in output end.
Herein, proton exchange mask area is defined using duct width.As an example, for the PPLN waveguides, work as pumping
During a length of 780nm of light wave, during the wide arm of input and the width of narrow arm can be respectively 3 μm and 2 μm, quasi-phase matched region
Polarization cycle length can be 16.45 μm, and the wide arm of output end and the width of narrow arm can be respectively 5 μm and 3 μm, and waveguide temperature can
To control for 130 DEG C, so that the pump light after parametric down conversion can just be separated into TM10The flashlight of pattern and
TM00The ideler frequency light of pattern.
In addition, for the PPLN waveguides, the wavelength of the pump light of input and the width of waveguide determine parametric down conversion
Parametric gain.Preferably, in device of the present utility model, the width of PPLN waveguides can be 8-14 μm, different to meet
Gain requirements.For example, when duct width is 8 μm, and the wavelength of pump light is 784.4nm, the flashlight under different mode
With ideler frequency light degeneracy, and both gain inequality be 5dB；When duct width is 14 μm, and pump light is 780nm, in different moulds
Flashlight and ideler frequency light degeneracy under formula, and both gain inequalities are 12dB.
It is described in detail in an exemplary fashion in conjunction with Fig. 1 below and produced according to entangled photon pairs of the present utility model and divide
From the structure of device.In the apparatus, laser output frequency is the light pulse that 10GHz, wavelength are 780nm, is used as pump light
Signal.Pump light signals are through erbium-doped fiber amplifier（EDFA）It is amplified into tunable bandpass filters（TBPF）, wherein should
The a width of 1nm of band of tunable bandpass filters, to cause the wavelength of the pump light through its output as 780nm.Through tunable band logical
The wavelength of wave filter output is input to variable attenuator for 780nm pump light（VATT）, to be attenuated to single photon water
Flat, such as each average pulse number of photons is 0.1.Pump light through decay is in Polarization Controller（PC）In by polarization adjust
Section so that it is vertical polarization that pump light is matched with the input of PPLN waveguides, for example, make it that the pump light of input PPLN waveguides is in
TEM00Under pattern.
In PPLN waveguides, pump light is 1560nm through 0 type parametric down conversion generation wavelength and polarization is vertical polarization
Entangled photon pairs, the entangled photon pairs separated through optical mode after narrow arm respectively through output end and wide arm output signal light and ideler frequency
Light.
The narrow arm of PPLN waveguide output ends and wide arm are respectively coupled to unequal arm Mach and increase Dare interferometer（MZI）, so that
Generation time entangled photon pairs.Wherein, the time difference of two-arm is configured to and pump light in unequal arm Mach increasing Dare interferometer
The time interval of pulse is identical（For example, 100ps）, and can be preferably controlled by temperature controlled mode.
The flashlight and ideler frequency light that unequal arm Mach increases the output of Dare interferometer are entered by respective single-photon detector respectively
Row is counted, and wherein single-photon detector is preferably upper conversion single-photon detector.
The output of single-photon detector is finally sent to time interval analyzer（TIA）To carry out time interval analysis.
Preferably, can also be in the light path of flashlight between PPLN waveguides and unequal arm Mach increase Dare interferometer
Long pass filter is set（LPF）, optical fiber polarization controller is set in the light path of ideler frequency light（Fiber Bench）, to prevent ripple
A length of 780nm pump light enters the interferometer.
Preferably, in order to observe interference visibility, it can be set in interferometer on signal optical channel and ideler frequency optical channel
Temperature conditioning unit, to provide phase adjusting function so that the average value of coherent light visibility is more than required by destruction bell inequality
71%, obtain tangling light.It is highly preferred that the temperature conditioning unit can be configured to keep the phase invariant and ideler frequency of flashlight
The phase place change of light.For example, make it that the temperature of signal optical channel is 25.71 DEG C by temperature conditioning unit, and adjust ideler frequency light phase
Position is obtained（87.19±5.78）% or（85.32±5.77）% coherent light visibilitys.
As can be seen here, in entangled photon pairs of the present utility model generation and separator, by for example, asymmetric Y
The light source chip of type knot PPLN fiber waveguide forms realizes the separation of parametric down conversion process and flashlight and ideler frequency light simultaneously,
Lead to not so as to solve flashlight and ideler frequency light polarization degeneracy after 0 type parametric down conversion by polarization beam apparatus angularly hand
The problem of Duan Jinhang is separated, while the collection efficiency of entangled photon pairs is improved, and whole device performance is stable, and portability is more
It is good.
In addition, produced by entangled photon pairs of the present utility model and separator, can be by between the predefined good time
Every two laser pulse pumping nonlinear crystals produce photon pair, wherein can be by controlling the energy of pump light to only generate
A pair of photons, and it is identical with the time interval of pumping light pulse by the way that interferometer is arranged into its two-arm time difference, can
Not distinguishing photon in time in the output end of interferometer to being by previous pumping light pulse or latter
The pumping of pumping light pulse institute, so as to realize that the time tangles mode.Further, it is also possible to by using its coherence length much larger than dry
The pumping light laser of interferometer length, a pair of light are only produced by the control of the energy to pump light signals within coherence time
Son so that the definite firing time of photon pair is cannot be distinguished by, so as to realize that Energy-Time tangles mode.As can be seen here, this practicality
New entangled photon pairs are produced and separator can also solve tangling present in source using polarization-entangled mode, due to
Optical Fiber Transmission is vulnerable to the change disturbance of the external environments such as temperature and needs to take what the measures such as polarization-maintaining, refrigeration were caused in a fiber
About the limitation in terms of entangled light source portability.
Although above illustrating to produce in entangled photon pairs in an exemplary fashion and PPLN ripples being used in separator
The light source chip and unequal arm Mach for leading form increase Dare interferometer, still, it will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that in this reality
In new, light source chip is not limited to the form of PPLN waveguides, but including any the utility model purpose that can realize
Asymmetric Y types knot waveguide, RPE-PPLN waveguides etc.；Equally, interferometer is not limited to unequal arm Mach increasing Dare interference
Instrument, but can realize the interferometer of the utility model purpose, such as Michelson including any（Michelson）Interferometer
Deng.
In the foregoing description, with reference to specific illustrative embodiment of the present utility model to principle of the present utility model
It is described.It will be obvious, however, to one skilled in the art, that without departing substantially from defined in the appended claims reality
In the case of with new spirit and scope, various modifications or change can be carried out to the utility model.Therefore, it will should illustrate
Book and its accompanying drawing are considered as exemplary and nonrestrictive.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of entangled photon pairs are produced and separator, it includes pump laser, Er-doped fiber successively along optical propagation direction
Amplifier, tunable bandpass filters, variable attenuator, Polarization Controller, light source chip, unequal arm interferometer, single-photon detecting
Survey device and time interval analyzer, it is characterised in that the light source chip is asymmetric Y types knot fiber waveguide.
2. entangled photon pairs as claimed in claim 1 are produced and separator, wherein, the unequal arm interferometer is unequal arm
Mach increase Dare interferometer or Michelson's interferometer；The asymmetric Y types knot fiber waveguide is the asymmetric Y types knot cycle
Property poled lithium Niobate fiber waveguide；The single-photon detector is upper conversion single-photon detector.
3. entangled photon pairs as claimed in claim 2 are produced and separator, the fiber waveguide includes input narrow arm portion, defeated
Enter the wide arm in end, quasi-phase matched portion, output end narrow arm portion and the wide arm of output end；Wherein, the narrow arm portion of the input and
Wide arm constitutes compound multiplexer, and the narrow arm of the input connects the pump laser source；The quasi- phase
With the periodic polarized region of the fiber waveguide is in portion and constitutes quasi-phase matched grating；The narrow arm portion of the output end and wide arm
Portion constitutes mode signal separator.
4. entangled photon pairs as claimed in claim 1 are produced and separator, wherein, in the fiber waveguide and the unequal arm
Long pass filter and optical fiber polarization controller are additionally provided between interferometer.
5. entangled photon pairs as claimed in claim 1 are produced and separator, wherein, it is provided with the unequal arm interferometer
Temperature control unit, so that in unequal arm interferometer between the time difference of two-arm and the time of the pump laser output optical pulse
Every identical.
6. entangled photon pairs as claimed in claim 3 are produced and separator, wherein, the pump laser exports TEM00Mould
The pumping light pulse of formula, the pumping light pulse is in the fiber waveguide respectively in the defeated of the fiber waveguide after parametric down conversion
Go out that the narrow arm portion at end is identical with output polarization direction at wide arm and respectively TM10And TM00The flashlight and ideler frequency light of pattern.
7. entangled photon pairs as claimed in claim 6 are produced and separator, wherein：The light arteries and veins of the pump laser output
Wavelength is rushed for 780nm；The a width of 1nm of band of the tunable bandpass filters, is passed through using the light pulse for allowing wavelength as 780nm；
The strength retrogression of light pulse is that each average pulse number of photons is 0.1 by the variable attenuator；The Polarization Controller will
The polarization of light pulse is adjusted to match with the input of the fiber waveguide as vertical polarization.
8. entangled photon pairs as claimed in claims 6 or 7 are produced and separator, wherein, the width of the fiber waveguide is 8-
14μm。
9. entangled photon pairs as claimed in claim 7 are produced and separator, wherein, the wide arm of the input of the fiber waveguide
The width in portion and narrow arm portion is respectively that the polarization cycle in 3 μm and 2 μm, the quasi-phase matched region of the fiber waveguide is a length of
16.45 μm, the wide arm of the output end of the fiber waveguide and the width in narrow arm portion are respectively 5 μm and 3 μm, the temperature of the fiber waveguide
Spend for 130 degrees Celsius.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109581656A (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-04-05 | 匡中 | A kind of multi-photon entangled light source |
| CN113776665A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-12-10 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十一研究所 | Detection efficiency testing device and method for single photon detector in communication waveband |
| CN117278215A (en) * | 2023-11-21 | 2023-12-22 | 北京中科国光量子科技有限公司 | Optical quantum chip for quantum key distribution and optical communication and phase compensation method |
-
2016
- 2016-12-21 CN CN201621410351.0U patent/CN206331216U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109581656A (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-04-05 | 匡中 | A kind of multi-photon entangled light source |
| CN113776665A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-12-10 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十一研究所 | Detection efficiency testing device and method for single photon detector in communication waveband |
| CN113776665B (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2023-11-21 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十一研究所 | Device and method for testing detection efficiency of single photon detector in communication band |
| CN117278215A (en) * | 2023-11-21 | 2023-12-22 | 北京中科国光量子科技有限公司 | Optical quantum chip for quantum key distribution and optical communication and phase compensation method |
| CN117278215B (en) * | 2023-11-21 | 2024-01-30 | 北京中科国光量子科技有限公司 | Optical quantum chip for quantum key distribution and optical communication and phase compensation method |
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