CN102130418B - Polarization-entangled quantum light source - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a polarization-entangled quantum light source which comprises a pumping light generator, a three-order nonlinear optical waveguide and a light-splitting and filtering device, wherein the pumping light generator is used for generating pulse pumping light and inputting the pulse pumping light to the three-order nonlinear optical waveguide; the three-order nonlinear optical waveguide has a characteristic of double refraction and is used for independently exciting a spontaneous scalar four wave mixing process on two polarization shafts, generating a signal with a polarization-entangled characteristic and an idler frequency two-photon and inhibiting a spontaneous vector four wave mixing process; and the light-splitting and filtering device is used for separating the signal and the idler frequency two-photon which are output from the three-order nonlinear optical waveguide from the pulse pumping light to obtain a polarization-entangled two-photon. The polarization-entangled quantum light source in the invention has a simple and compact structure and high efficiency for generating and collecting the polarization-entangled two-photon.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the quantum information science technical field, relate in particular to a kind of polarization and tangle the quantum light source.
Background technology
Utilize the quantum mechanics basic principle, the quantum information technology can realize the application that a lot of classical information technology can't realize, has important academic significance and using value.Quantum entanglement (quantum entanglement) is the significant quantity child resource that the realization of quantum information function relies on, and is a kind of quantum-mechanical phenomenon.The special quantum state of a class of describing hybrid system (having plural subsystem) is gone up in its definition.This quantum state can't be decomposed into the subsystem tensor product of quantum state (tensor product) separately, is the non-localized association between the physically separated subsystem.For being in a plurality of subsystems of quantum entanglement, the measurement result of its arbitrary subsystem can't be independent of the state of other subsystems.The quantized system that realizes quantum entanglement is varied, as atom, ion and photon etc.Wherein, be convenient to transmit, be difficult for environmental interaction and the characteristic of decoherence because photon has, make and tangle the quantized system of tangling that two-photon becomes use most convenient in the quantum information technology.The form of tangling comprises between common two-photon: the orthogonal amplitude of momentum and position, time and energy, timeslice, polarization state, frequency and light field and phase information etc.In the quantum information technology is used, because the polarization state of photon is easy to control and conversion, makes polarization tangle two-photon and be widely used.Therefore, producing polarization that polarization tangles two-photon tangles the quantum light source and becomes key function unit in the quantum information technology.
Utilize in the nonlinear optical material spontaneous nonlinear optical process can realize that polarization tangles the quantum light source.The method that generally adopt in present laboratory is to utilize the generation that transfer process realization polarization tangles two-photon under the second nonlinear parameter in the crystal.On the one hand, this method relies on the bulk optics device, needs accurate optical alignment and adjusting; On the other hand, the photon that produces from crystal is difficult to high efficiency collecting in the optical fiber.These have all limited the practicability development of tangling the quantum light source based on the polarization of crystal.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical problem
The technical problem that the present invention will solve is: how to provide a kind of simple and compact polarization to tangle the quantum light source, improve polarization and tangle the efficient that two-photon produces and collects.
(2) technical scheme
For addressing the above problem, the invention provides a kind of polarization and tangle the quantum light source, this light source comprises: the pump light generating means is used for the production burst pump light, and it is inputed to the third-order nonlinear optical waveguide; The third-order nonlinear optical waveguide, it is divided into two sections, and carry out polarization principal axis 90 and spend the skew weldings, has birefringent characteristic, be used on two polarization axles, independently exciting spontaneous scalar four wave mixing process, generation has signal and the ideler frequency two-photon that polarization tangles characteristic, and suppresses spontaneous vector four wave mixing process; The light splitting filter is used for signal photon, ideler frequency photon and the pulse pump light of described third-order nonlinear optical waveguide output are separated, and obtains polarization and tangles two-photon;
Described pump light generating means further comprises: light-pulse generator, be used for output pulse pump light, make pump light component power level unanimity on the two optical fiber polarisation axles by adjusting the pumping polarization state of light, the intensity of the two spontaneous scalar four wave mixing processes that are excited along two optical fiber polarisation direction of principal axis equates that independent signal and the ideler frequency two-photon attitude that produces is overlapping on space-time; The pumping filter links to each other with the output of described light-pulse generator, is used for the stray light filtering beyond the pulse pump optical wavelength of described light-pulse generator output; Adjustable attenuator is for the power of the pulse pump light of regulating described pump light filter output; The polarizer is used for changing the pulse pump polarization state of light after the described adjustable attenuator adjustment into linear polarization; Polarization Controller be used for adjusting the pulse pump polarization state of light after the described polarizer is adjusted, and the pulse pump light after will adjusting is imported described third-order nonlinear optical waveguide.
Wherein, linearly type arrangement of all devices.
Wherein, described light-pulse generator be laser with active-passive lock mould, active mode locking laser, passive Q-regulaitng laser, initiatively Q-switched laser, directly transfer semiconductor laser or external modulation semiconductor laser.
Wherein, described pumping filter is the sideband rejection ratio greater than 115 decibels filter or filter combination.
Wherein, described pumping filter is the combination that circulator adds a kind of or any kind in fiber grating, plated film type optical filter, micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) optical filter, Fabry-Perot optical filter, array waveguide grating filter and the light wavelength division multiplexing device.
Wherein, described adjustable attenuator is the adjustable attenuator of optical fiber extruding or plated film form.
Wherein, the described polarizer is the optical fiber polarizer or the optical crystal polarization splitting prism of fibre optic polarizing beam splitter, plating.
Wherein, described Polarization Controller is the Polarization Controller of band optical fiber output.
Wherein, described Polarization Controller is the Polarization Controller that the Polarization Controller of optical fiber coiling, the half-wave plate that forms based on the Polarization Controller of optical fiber extruding or by the crystalline material cutting of band light output encapsulation and quarter-wave plate are formed.
Wherein, described third-order nonlinear optical waveguide is: polarization maintaining optical fibre, microstructured optical fibers, photonic crystal fiber, sulfide optical fiber, silicon nanowire waveguide, the waveguide of photon crystal structure silicon, GaAs waveguide or sulfide waveguide.
Wherein, described light splitting filter is the passband isolation greater than 110 decibels multiport filter or filter combination.
Wherein, described light splitting filter is the combination that circulator adds a kind of or any kind in fiber grating, plated film type optical filter, micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) optical filter, Fabry-Perot optical filter, array waveguide grating filter and the light wavelength division multiplexing device.
(3) beneficial effect
Polarization of the present invention tangles the generation that the same polarization of spontaneous four wave mixing process tangles two-photon in the optical material that the utilization of quantum light source has three rank optical nonlinearities.Polarization tangles generation, collection and the efficiency of transmission height of two-photon; Adopt simple linear structure, need not devices such as additional complicated time division multiplexing or diversity polarization loop, the advantage that has simple in structure, stable performance and be convenient to realize; But utilize the birefringent characteristic regulation and control nonlinear optical process characteristic wherein of flexible design in the nonlinear optics waveguide, opened up new approach for simplifying the physics realization scheme that polarization tangles the quantum light source.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 tangles quantum light-source structure schematic diagram for the polarization according to one embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 (a)-Fig. 2 (d) tangles two kinds of spontaneous four wave mixing process schematic diagrames that may excite in the inclined to one side dispersion shifted optical fiber of guarantor in the quantum light source for the polarization of embodiment;
Fig. 3 has the physical process schematic diagram that polarization tangles the two-photon generation of characteristic for the polarization of embodiment tangles in the inclined to one side dispersion shifted optical fiber of guarantors in the quantum light source;
Fig. 4 tangles two-photon checkout gear schematic diagram for the polarization that the polarization of embodiment tangles the quantum light source;
Fig. 5 tangles the monolateral count detection result of ideler frequency photon that the quantum light source generates for the polarization of embodiment;
Fig. 6 is the two-Photon Interference testing result that the polarization of embodiment tangles the quantum light source.
Embodiment
Polarization of the present invention tangles the quantum light source, is described in detail as follows in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Core concept of the present invention is: by control pumping polarization state, equal strength ground independently excites spontaneous scalar four wave mixing process on two polarization axles of third-order nonlinear optical waveguide but make; Simultaneously, utilize the birefringent characteristic of third-order nonlinear optical waveguide, suppress the spontaneous vector four wave mixing process in the waveguide, output polarization tangles two-photon to make the third-order nonlinear optical waveguide excite down at pump light.
As shown in Figure 1, tangling the quantum light source according to the polarization of one embodiment of the present invention comprises:
Pump light generating means (among the figure shown in the frame of broken lines) is used for the production burst pump light, and it is inputed to the third-order nonlinear optical waveguide; Third-order nonlinear optical waveguide 6 has birefringent characteristic, is used for independently exciting on two polarization axles spontaneous scalar four wave mixing process, produces signal and ideler frequency two-photon, and suppresses spontaneous vector four wave mixing process; Light splitting filter 7, be used for signal photon, ideler frequency photon (idler side photon) and the pulse pump light of third-order nonlinear optical waveguide 6 outputs are separated, the signal of choosing out and ideler frequency photon have the feature that polarization tangles, and are polarization and tangle two-photon.
Wherein, can third order non-linear optical material be made into the nonlinear optics waveguide 6 that loss is low, spatial model is single and can be connected with the optical fiber low-loss by ripe optics fine process.This birefringent characteristic that utilizes third-order non-linear fiber waveguide 6 suppresses spontaneous vector four wave mixing process and comprises two possible Physical Mechanism: the one, and the signal that signal and the ideler frequency two-photon and spontaneous scalar four wave mixing process that utilizes the birefringent characteristic of the third-order nonlinear optical waveguide with birefringent characteristic to realize that spontaneous vector four wave mixing process wherein produces produces and ideler frequency two-photon separating on optical wavelength; Choose signal and the ideler frequency two-photon that spontaneous scalar four wave mixing process produces by optically filtering, suppress signal and the output of ideler frequency two-photon that spontaneous vector four wave mixing process produces simultaneously; The 2nd, utilize two polarized components that birefringence in the third-order non-linear fiber waveguide 6 makes the pulse pump light that is injected in the waveguide 6 Space Time walk from, because two pumping pulse polarized components walking to leave on the Space Time can't form spontaneous vector four wave mixing process, thereby realize the inhibition of spontaneous vector four wave mixing process.
In addition, the pump light generating means further comprises: light-pulse generator 1 is used for output pulse pump light; Pumping filter 2 links to each other with the output of light-pulse generator 1, is used for the stray light filtering beyond the pulse pump optical wavelength of light-pulse generator 1 output; Adjustable attenuator 3 is for the power of the pulse pump light of regulating 2 outputs of pump light filter; The polarizer 4 is used for changing the pulse pump polarization state of light that adjustable attenuator 3 is adjusted into linear polarization; Polarization Controller 5 is used for adjusting the pulse pump polarization state of light after the polarizer 4 is adjusted, and the input of the pulse pump light after will adjusting third-order nonlinear optical waveguide 6.
Light-pulse generator 1 can be any type of light source with pulse output, can be laser with active-passive lock mould, active mode locking laser, passive Q-regulaitng laser, initiatively Q-switched laser, directly transfer semiconductor laser or external modulation semiconductor laser etc.
Pumping filter 2 has the sideband rejection ratio greater than 115 decibels filter or filter combination for any, can be the combination that circulator adds a kind of any kind in fiber grating, plated film type optical filter, micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) optical filter, Fabry-Perot optical filter, array waveguide grating filter and the light wavelength division multiplexing device.
The polarizer 4 is any optics that can form the specific light polarization state, can be the optical fiber polarizer of fibre optic polarizing beam splitter, plating or optical crystal polarization splitting prism etc.
Polarization Controller 5 is Polarization Controllers of any band optical fiber output, can be the Polarization Controller that the Polarization Controller of optical fiber coiling, the half-wave plate that forms based on the Polarization Controller of optical fiber extruding or by the crystalline material cutting of band light output encapsulation and quarter-wave plate are formed.
Third-order nonlinear optical waveguide 6 is: polarization maintaining optical fibre, microstructured optical fibers, photonic crystal fiber, sulfide optical fiber, silicon nanowire waveguide, the waveguide of photon crystal structure silicon, GaAs waveguide or sulfide waveguide etc.
Preferably, constitute the linearly type arrangement of all devices that polarization of the present invention tangles the quantum light source.
Below further specify polarization of the present invention by specific embodiment and tangle the quantum light source.
Present embodiment is that 1.5 micron waveband polarizations tangle the quantum light source, and its structure as shown in Figure 1.Wherein, serve as to protect inclined to one side dispersion shifted optical fiber with the third-order non-linear fiber waveguide with birefringent characteristic.Walk from the quantum entanglement decoherence effect of bringing for fear of fiber birefringence, 150 meters long optical fiber are divided into two sections of 75 meters, and two sections optical fiber are carried out polarization principal axis 90 spend the skew weldings.It is as shown in table 1 to protect the concrete parameter of inclined to one side dispersion shifted optical fiber.
Table 1
The light-pulse generator that present embodiment is selected for use is that the passive mode-locking fiber laser of 1.5 micron wavebands adds the optically filtering broadening; The pulse pump light wavelength is 1552.75nm, and live width is 0.2nm, and repetition rate is 1MHz; The pumping filter adopts circulator to add fiber grating cooperation plated film type tunable optical filter and realizes that filtering bandwidth is 0.2nm, and the sideband rejection ratio is greater than 115 decibels; Adjustable attenuator adopts plated film type adjustable optical attenuator; The polarizer is selected the optical crystal with optical fiber encapsulation for use; Polarization Controller is the optical fiber polarization controller that the optical fiber coiling forms; The light splitting filter is made up of in conjunction with fiber grating and plated film type tunable optical filter waveguide array grating, and its to the inhibition of pump light greater than 110 decibels, the wavelength of the signal of finally choosing and ideler frequency two-photon is respectively 1555.15nm and 1550.35nm.
Protect in the inclined to one side dispersion shifted optical fiber and to produce physical process that polarization tangles two-photon as shown in Figure 2.Fig. 2 (a) and Fig. 2 (b) are the schematic diagram of two spontaneous vector four wave mixing processes, and in this course, the pump photon of two different polarization states is buried in oblivion, and produce a pair of signal and ideler frequency two-photon with different polarization states.Fig. 2 (c) and Fig. 2 (d) are the schematic diagram of two spontaneous scalar four wave mixing processes, and in this course, two pump photons with polarization state are buried in oblivion, and produce a pair of signal and ideler frequency two-photon with identical polarization state.
In the present embodiment, adopt 150 meters inclined to one side dispersion shifted optical fibers of long guarantor of short pulse pumping.Owing to protect the high birefringence characteristic of inclined to one side dispersion shifted optical fiber, the short pulse pump light component on two optical fiber polarisation axles walk rapidly from, make spontaneous vector four wave mixing process be suppressed.Then only have in the optical fiber respectively along the spontaneous scalar four wave mixing process of two polarization axis direction and be excited.
As shown in Figure 3, make pump light component power level unanimity on the two optical fiber polarisation axles by adjusting the pumping polarization state of light, the intensity of the two spontaneous scalar four wave mixing processes that are excited along two optical fiber polarisation direction of principal axis equates, independent signal and the ideler frequency two-photon attitude that produces is overlapping on space-time, forms 1.5 microns polarizations and tangles two-photon.
The detection that the polarization that produces tangles two-photon is by finishing as the device shown in the frame of broken lines among Fig. 4.The signal photon that is tangled the generation of quantum light source by polarization enters by Polarization Controller 8, and the polarization analysis instrument that rotatable half-wave plate 10 and polarization beam apparatus 12 constitute is then by single-photon detector 14 count measurements.The ideler frequency photon enters by Polarization Controller 9, and the polarization analysis instrument that rotatable half-wave plate 11 and polarization beam apparatus 13 constitute is then by single-photon detector 15 count measurements.The residual pump light of output is surveyed the back output electric pulse by photodetector 17, as the triggering signal of single-photon detector.The output signal of single-photon detector 14 and single-photon detector 15 is delivered to compound number system 16 and is carried out the quantum entanglement specificity analysis.
The photon counting result that Fig. 5 measures under different polarization analyzer angle for the ideler frequency photon.As seen, the ideler frequency photon counting changes with the change of polarization analysis instrument angle hardly, has proved the two-photon attitude that produces and has had the characteristic of monolateral polarization state undistinguishable.Fig. 6 is respectively under 0 degree and 135 degree signal and the compound count results of ideler frequency two-photon that measure for the polarization analysis instrument angle of ideler frequency photon under different signal photon polarization analysis instrument angles.As seen, the signal that measures and the compound count results of ideler frequency two-photon all present the two-Photon Interference characteristic under nonopiate polarisation based, and the interference fringe contrast reaches 92% and 89% respectively.The polarization that the polarization of having proved present embodiment thus tangles quantum light source output two-photon attitude tangles characteristic.
Above execution mode only is used for explanation the present invention; and be not limitation of the present invention; the those of ordinary skill in relevant technologies field; under the situation that does not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention; can also make a variety of changes and modification; therefore all technical schemes that are equal to also belong to category of the present invention, and scope of patent protection of the present invention should be defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. a polarization tangles the quantum light source, it is characterized in that, this light source comprises:
The pump light generating means is used for the production burst pump light, and it is inputed to the third-order nonlinear optical waveguide;
The third-order nonlinear optical waveguide, it is divided into two sections, and carry out polarization principal axis 90 and spend the skew weldings, has birefringent characteristic, be used on two polarization axles, independently exciting spontaneous scalar four wave mixing process, generation has signal and the ideler frequency two-photon that polarization tangles characteristic, and two polarized components by making the pulse pump light that is injected in the described third-order nonlinear optical waveguide Space Time walk from, suppress spontaneous vector four wave mixing process, described third-order nonlinear optical waveguide is: polarization maintaining optical fibre, microstructured optical fibers, sulfide optical fiber, the silicon nanowire waveguide, the waveguide of photon crystal structure silicon, the GaAs waveguide, or sulfide waveguide;
The light splitting filter, the light splitting filter is the passband isolation greater than 110 decibels multiport filter or filter combination, be used for signal photon, ideler frequency photon and the pulse pump light of described third-order nonlinear optical waveguide output are separated, obtain polarization and tangle two-photon;
Described pump light generating means further comprises:
Light-pulse generator, be used for output pulse pump light, make pump light component power level unanimity on the two optical fiber polarisation axles by adjusting the pumping polarization state of light, the intensity of the two spontaneous scalar four wave mixing processes that are excited along two optical fiber polarisation direction of principal axis equates that independent signal and the ideler frequency two-photon attitude that produces is overlapping on space-time;
The pumping filter links to each other with the output of described light-pulse generator, is used for the stray light filtering beyond the pulse pump optical wavelength of described light-pulse generator output;
Adjustable attenuator is for the power of the pulse pump light of regulating described pump light filter output;
The polarizer is used for changing the pulse pump polarization state of light after the described adjustable attenuator adjustment into linear polarization;
Polarization Controller be used for adjusting the pulse pump polarization state of light after the described polarizer is adjusted, and the pulse pump light after will adjusting is imported described third-order nonlinear optical waveguide.
2. polarization as claimed in claim 1 tangles the quantum light source, it is characterized in that, all devices linearly type are arranged.
3. polarization as claimed in claim 1 tangles the quantum light source, it is characterized in that, described light-pulse generator be laser with active-passive lock mould, active mode locking laser, passive Q-regulaitng laser, initiatively Q-switched laser, directly transfer semiconductor laser or external modulation semiconductor laser.
4. polarization as claimed in claim 1 tangles the quantum light source, it is characterized in that, described pumping filter is the sideband rejection ratio greater than 115 decibels filter or filter combination.
5. polarization as claimed in claim 4 tangles the quantum light source, it is characterized in that described pumping filter is the combination that circulator adds a kind of or any kind in fiber grating, plated film type optical filter, micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) optical filter, Fabry-Perot optical filter, array waveguide grating filter and the light wavelength division multiplexing device.
6. polarization as claimed in claim 1 tangles the quantum light source, it is characterized in that, described adjustable attenuator is the adjustable attenuator of optical fiber extruding or plated film form.
7. polarization as claimed in claim 1 tangles the quantum light source, it is characterized in that, the described polarizer is the optical fiber polarizer or the optical crystal polarization splitting prism of fibre optic polarizing beam splitter, plating.
8. polarization as claimed in claim 1 tangles the quantum light source, it is characterized in that, described Polarization Controller is the Polarization Controller of band optical fiber output.
9. polarization as claimed in claim 8 tangles the quantum light source, it is characterized in that described Polarization Controller is the Polarization Controller that the Polarization Controller of optical fiber coiling, the half-wave plate that forms based on the Polarization Controller of optical fiber extruding or by the crystalline material cutting of band light output encapsulation and quarter-wave plate are formed.
10. polarization as claimed in claim 1 tangles the quantum light source, it is characterized in that described light splitting filter is the combination that circulator adds a kind of or any kind in fiber grating, plated film type optical filter, micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) optical filter, Fabry-Perot optical filter, array waveguide grating filter and the light wavelength division multiplexing device.
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