CN111176050B - Device and method for generating all-fiber frequency degenerated entangled light beam - Google Patents
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- CN111176050B CN111176050B CN202010023307.9A CN202010023307A CN111176050B CN 111176050 B CN111176050 B CN 111176050B CN 202010023307 A CN202010023307 A CN 202010023307A CN 111176050 B CN111176050 B CN 111176050B
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
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- G02F1/3517—All-optical modulation, gating, switching, e.g. control of a light beam by another light beam using an interferometer
- G02F1/3519—All-optical modulation, gating, switching, e.g. control of a light beam by another light beam using an interferometer of Sagnac type, i.e. nonlinear optical loop mirror [NOLM]
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- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
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Abstract
The invention discloses a generating device and a generating method of an all-fiber frequency-degenerate entangled beam, wherein the generating device comprises a mode-locked fiber laser, the output end of the mode-locked fiber laser is connected with a multichannel wavelength division multiplexer, two ports of the multiplexer are connected with a frequency-degenerate entangled beam generating component, the other port of the multiplexer is connected into a beam splitter, two output ends of the beam splitter and two output ends of the frequency-degenerate entangled beam generating component are respectively connected into two balanced homodyne detection components, and the output ends of the two balanced homodyne detection components are connected into a noise analysis component. The production method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of matching the optical path of each path of pulse light beam, matching the polarization of two pump light beams, adjusting the phase difference of opposite transmission light beams in an optical fiber ring, matching the polarization of two background light beams and an entangled light beam, calibrating the shot noise standard, and measuring amplitude difference noise and phase and noise. The invention can generate the frequency degenerated and spatially separated entangled light beams, and has small volume, stability and easy access to the optical fiber network.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of quantum information, and particularly relates to a device and a method for generating an entangled light beam with all-fiber frequency degeneracy.
Background
A frequency-degenerate, spatially non-degenerate entangled beam is a necessary resource in quantum information technology. For example: the two frequency nondegenerate parametric amplifiers in the nonlinear interferometer are replaced by a frequency degenerate, space nondegenerate parametric amplifier and a linear beam splitter, which not only can simplify the device, but also can improve the measurement sensitivity (see the documents: kong J, ou Z Y, zhang W. Phase-measurement sensitivity and the standard quality in an interferometer coupling of a parametric amplifier and a beam splitter [ J ]. Physical Review A, 2013, 87 (2): 023825); in addition, three quantum information splitting can be achieved by using frequency-degenerate, spatially-nondegenerate entangled beam injection frequency-degenerate, spatially-nondegenerate parametric amplifiers (see Liu N, li J, li X, et al, three-way non-ideal signal splitting in a parametric amplifier with quality correction [ J ]. Physical Review A, 2016, 93 (6): 063838).
The optical fiber-based entangled light source has the advantages of miniaturization, portability and compatibility with the existing optical fiber network. A pair of signal and idler beams with entanglement characteristics can be generated by using a four-wave mixing process in an optical fiber, and the two beams are transmitted together in the optical fiber. When the two generated entangled light beams have different frequencies, the two entangled light beams can be spatially separated by using a wavelength division multiplexer, and when the two entangled light beams have the same frequency, the two entangled light beams can not be separated by using the wavelength division multiplexer. The Generation of frequency-degenerate pairs of photons is described in the literature (Yang L, sun F, zhao N, et al. Generation of frequency-degenerate photons in pulse-pumped optical parameters: infiluence of background noise [ J ]. Optics Express, 2014, 22 (3): 2553.) using a Sagnec fiber loop with two pump light co-ports injected, built-in polarization controller. Another document (see K. Mori, T. Morioka, and M. Saruwatari, optical parametric loop mirror [ J ]. Optics Letters, 1995, 20 (12): 1424-1426) implements spatial separation of injected-frequency non-degenerate signal and idler beams using a two-port injected, two-pump Sagnec fiber ring with a built-in dispersion medium.
At present, no device which adopts a Sagnec optical fiber ring with two pumping light ports for injection and a built-in polarization controller to generate entangled light beams with degenerate frequency and perform spatial separation on the entangled light beams is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is proposed to solve the problems of the prior art, and its object is to provide a device and a method for generating an entangled light beam with degeneracy of all-fiber frequency.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the device comprises a mode-locked fiber laser, wherein the output end of the mode-locked fiber laser is connected with a multichannel wavelength division multiplexer, two ports of the multichannel wavelength division multiplexer are connected with a frequency degeneracy entanglement beam generation assembly, the other port of the multichannel wavelength division multiplexer is connected into a No. I50/50 beam splitter, two output ends of the No. I50/50 beam splitter and two output ends of the frequency degeneracy entanglement beam generation assembly are respectively connected into two balanced homodyne detection assemblies, and the output ends of the two balanced homodyne detection assemblies are connected into a noise analysis assembly.
The noise analysis component comprises an adder-subtractor, the output ends of the subtractor I and the subtractor II are connected with the adder-subtractor, and the output end of the adder-subtractor is connected with the electronic spectrum analyzer.
Balanced homodyne detection subassembly includes No. II 50/50 beam splitters, no. III 50/50 beam splitters, is provided with photoelectric detector No. I, photoelectric detector No. II between No. II 50/50 beam splitters, no. I the subtracter, is provided with photoelectric detector No. III, photoelectric detector No. IV between No. III 50/50 beam splitters, no. II the subtracter, no. I the subtracter, no. II the subtracter inserts in the noise analysis subassembly.
The frequency degeneracy entanglement light beam generation assembly comprises a circulator I and a circulator II which are connected with the multichannel wavelength division multiplexer, wherein the circulator I and the circulator II are connected into the Sagnec optical fiber ring, the circulator I is connected with the filter I, the circulator II is connected with the filter II, the output end of the filter I is connected into the 50/50 beam splitter II, and the output end of the filter II is connected into the 50/50 beam splitter III.
Multichannel wavelength division multiplexer inputs first pump light beam, second pump light beam, third laser beam in to connecting fiber, first pump light beam enters into No. I circulator, the second pump light beam enters into No. II circulators, the third laser beam enters into No. I50/50 beam splitter, be provided with No. I polarization controller who is used for controlling the polarization of first pump light beam between multichannel wavelength division multiplexer and No. I circulator, be provided with No. II polarization controller who is used for controlling the polarization of second pump light beam between multichannel wavelength division multiplexer and No. II circulators.
And the No. I50/50 beam splitter receives the third laser beam and outputs a first background beam and a second background beam to the No. II 50/50 beam splitter and the No. III 50/50 beam splitter respectively.
An IV polarization controller for controlling the polarization of the first background beam is arranged between the I50/50 beam splitter and the II 50/50 beam splitter, and a V polarization controller for controlling the polarization of the second background beam is arranged between the I50/50 beam splitter and the III 50/50 beam splitter.
And a III polarization controller for adjusting the phase difference of opposite transmission beams in the optical fiber ring is arranged in the Sagnec optical fiber ring.
A method of generating an all-fiber frequency-degenerate entangled beam generator, comprising the steps of: matching the optical path of each light beam
Ii, matching the polarization of the two pump beams
Iii, adjusting the phase difference of opposite transmission beams in the optical fiber ring
Iv, matching the polarization of the two background lights and the entangled light beam
V. calibrating shot noise standard
And vi, measuring the amplitude difference noise and the phase and noise, and comparing with the shot noise standard of the step v.
The light beams required to be subjected to optical path matching in the step i comprise a first pump light beam, a second pump light beam, a first background light beam and a second background light beam.
The invention can realize the generation and separation of frequency degeneracy entangled beams by utilizing the Sagnec optical fiber ring structure of the built-in polarization controller which is incident from two ports of two pumping beams, does not need external reference laser beams during adjustment and has simple operation.
The whole optical fiber network device is of an all-fiber structure, and the device is small in size, stable and easy to access to an optical fiber network.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall connection of the present invention;
wherein:
1. mode-locked fiber laser 2 multichannel wavelength division multiplexer
5 sagneec optical fiber ring
31. Number I50/50 Beam splitter 32 number II 50/50 Beam splitter
33. No. III 50/50 beam splitter 41 No. I polarization controller
42. No. II polarization controller 43 No. III polarization controller
44. No. IV polarization controller 45V polarization controller
61. No. I circulator 62 No. II circulator
71. No. I filter 72 No. II filter
81. No. I photoelectric detector No. 82 photoelectric detector
83. No. III photoelectric detector 84 No. IV photoelectric detector
91. No. I subtracter 92 No. II subtracter
10. The adder-subtractor 11 is an electronic spectrum analyzer.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples:
as shown in fig. 1, an apparatus and a method for generating an all-fiber frequency-degenerate entangled light beam include a mode-locked fiber laser 1, an output end of the mode-locked fiber laser 1 is connected to a multichannel wavelength division multiplexer 2, two ports of the multichannel wavelength division multiplexer 2 are connected to a frequency-degenerate entangled light beam generating module, another port of the multichannel wavelength division multiplexer 2 is connected to a number i 50/50 beam splitter 31, two output ends of the number i 50/50 beam splitter 31 and two output ends of the frequency-degenerate entangled light beam generating module are respectively connected to two balanced zero-beat detecting modules, and output ends of the two balanced zero-beat detecting modules are connected to a noise analyzing module. The noise analysis component comprises an adder-subtractor 10, the output ends of the No. I subtracter 91 and the No. II subtracter 92 are connected with the adder-subtractor 10, and the output end of the adder-subtractor 10 is connected with an electronic spectrum analyzer 11.
Balanced homodyne detection subassembly includes No. II 50/50 beam splitters, no. III 50/50 beam splitters, is provided with No. I photoelectric detector, no. II photoelectric detector between No. II 50/50 beam splitters, no. I subtracter, is provided with No. III photoelectric detector, no. IV photoelectric detector between No. III 50/50 beam splitters, no. II subtracter, no. I subtracter, no. II subtracter insert in the noise analysis subassembly.
The frequency degenerated entangled light beam generating assembly comprises a first circulator 61 and a second circulator 62 which are connected with a multichannel wavelength division multiplexer 2, wherein the first circulator 61 and the second circulator 62 are connected into a Sagnec optical fiber ring 5, the first circulator 61 is connected with a first filter 71, the second circulator 62 is connected with a second filter 72, the output end of the first filter 71 is connected into a second 50/50 beam splitter 32, and the output end of the second filter 72 is connected into a third 50/50 beam splitter 33.
Multichannel wavelength division multiplexer 2 is to inputing first pump beam, second pump beam, third laser beam in connecting the optic fibre, first pump beam enters into I number circulator 61, second pump beam enters into II number circulator 62, the third laser beam enters into I number 50/50 beam splitter 31, be provided with the polarization controller 41 that is used for controlling the polarization of first pump beam between multichannel wavelength division multiplexer 2 and I number circulator 61, be provided with the polarization controller 42 that is used for controlling the polarization of second pump beam between multichannel wavelength division multiplexer 2 and II number circulator 62.
The No. I50/50 beam splitter 31 receives the third laser beam and outputs the first background beam and the second background beam to the No. II 50/50 beam splitter 32 and the No. III 50/50 beam splitter 33, respectively.
A IV polarization controller 44 for controlling the polarization of the first background beam is arranged between the I50/50 beam splitter 31 and the II 50/50 beam splitter 32, and a V polarization controller 45 for controlling the polarization of the second background beam is arranged between the I50/50 beam splitter 31 and the III 50/50 beam splitter 33.
And a No. III polarization controller 43 for adjusting the phase difference of the opposite transmission beams in the optical fiber ring is arranged in the Sagnec optical fiber ring 5.
The mode-locked fiber laser 1 outputs a wide-spectrum laser beam, the wide-spectrum laser beam outputs a first pump beam, a second pump beam and a third laser beam through the multichannel wavelength division multiplexer 2, the third laser beam is divided into a first background beam and a second background beam through the No. I50/50 beam splitter 31, meanwhile, the first pump beam is input into the Sagnec fiber ring 5 through the No. I polarization controller 41 and the No. I circulator 61, and the second pump beam is input into the Sagnec fiber ring 5 through the No. II polarization controller 42 and the No. II circulator 62; a polarization controller No. iii 43 is placed in the sagnac fiber loop 5.
An output light beam of one port of the Sagnec optical fiber ring 5 enters the No. II 50/50 beam splitter 32 through the No. I circulator 61 and the No. I filter 71, a first background light beam enters the No. II 50/50 beam splitter 32 through the No. IV polarization controller 44, two output light beams of the No. II 50/50 beam splitter 32 are respectively input into the No. I photoelectric detector 81 and the No. II photoelectric detector 82, output signals of the No. I photoelectric detector 81 and the No. II photoelectric detector 82 are subtracted by the No. I subtracter 91, and then orthogonal component signals of the signal light beams are output.
The output light beam of the other port of the sagnac fiber optic ring 5 is incident to the No. iii 50/50 beam splitter 33 through the No. ii circulator 62 and the No. ii filter 72, the second background light beam is incident to the No. iii 50/50 beam splitter 33 through the No. v polarization controller 45, the two output light beams of the No. iii 50/50 beam splitter 33 are respectively input to the No. iii photodetector 83 and the No. iv photodetector 84, and the output signals of the No. iii photodetector 83 and the No. iv photodetector 84 are subtracted by the No. ii subtractor 92 to output the idler frequency light beam orthogonal component signal.
The signal beam orthogonal component signal and the idler beam orthogonal component signal are simultaneously input to an adder-subtractor 10 for quadrature phase addition operation/quadrature amplitude subtraction operation, and the signal after the operation is input to an electronic spectrum analyzer 11 for phase and noise and amplitude difference noise analysis and is compared with a shot noise reference to complete the analysis.
Where the two input ports of the # ii 50/50 splitter 32 are incident simultaneously.
Where the two input ports of the # iii 50/50 splitter 33 are incident simultaneously.
The first and second pump beams have different frequencies and the same bandwidth, the first and second background beams have the same frequency and bandwidth, the center frequencies of the first and second pump beams satisfy a phase matching condition, and the center frequencies of the first and second background beams are the same as the center frequency of the generated degenerate entangled beam.
The polarization directions of the first pump beam and the second pump beam are respectively adjusted by a polarization controller I41 and a polarization controller II 42, so that the polarization directions of the first pump beam and the second pump beam are the same when the first pump beam and the second pump beam enter the Sagnec fiber ring 5, and a degenerate four-wave mixing effect is generated.
The Sagnec optical fiber ring 5 is formed by welding two ends of nonlinear optical fibers such as a dispersion displacement optical fiber, a high nonlinear optical fiber, a photonic crystal optical fiber and the like with a pair of transmission and reflection ports of a 50/50 beam splitter respectively.
The polarization controller iii 43 is configured to adjust a phase difference between the two-way transmission beams in the sagnac fiber ring 5, such that the first pump beam and the generated signal beam are output from one port of the sagnac fiber ring, and the second pump beam and the generated idler beam are output from the other port of the sagnac fiber ring.
The filters 71 and 72 have the same bandwidth and the center frequency is the same as the center frequency of the degenerate entangled beam produced.
The polarization of the first background light and the polarization of the second background light are respectively adjusted by an IV polarization controller 44 and a V polarization controller 45, so that the first background light and the second background light are respectively the same as the polarization of the two separated entangled light beams.
A method of generating an apparatus for generating an entangled beam of light all fiber frequency degeneracy, comprising the steps of:
matching the optical path of each light beam
Ii, matching the polarization of the two pump beams
Iii, adjusting the phase difference of the opposite transmission light beams in the optical fiber ring
Iv, matching the polarization of the two background lights and the entangled light beam
V. calibrating shot noise standard
And vi, measuring the amplitude difference noise and the phase and noise, and comparing with the shot noise standard of the step v.
The light beams required to be subjected to optical path matching in the step i comprise a first pump light beam, a second pump light beam, a first background light beam and a second background light beam.
The method comprises the following steps of matching the optical path of each light beam:
a. firstly, the mode-locked fiber laser 1 is opened, the I-shaped circulator 61 is disconnected from the I-shaped filter 71, the light beam output by the I-shaped circulator 61 is connected to the photoelectric detector, a detection signal is input into the ultrafast oscilloscope through an electric cable, the time difference of the detected electric pulse signals of the first pump light and the second pump light is observed, then the optical fibers are added or reduced in the optical path, so that the two pulse signals on the oscilloscope are superposed, namely the optical path is the same when the first pump light and the second pump light reach the optical fiber ring, and therefore a degenerate four-wave mixing process occurs in the optical fiber ring and a frequency-entangled and twisted light beam is generated.
b. And disconnecting the second background light from the No. III 50/50 beam splitter, inputting the second background light into the No. II circulator 62 instead of the second pump light, and matching optical paths of the first pump light and the second background light by increasing and decreasing the optical fiber length in the optical path of the second background light to ensure that the optical paths are the same, wherein when the second background light reaches the No. III 50/50 beam splitter 33, the optical path passed through is the same as the optical path of an entangled light beam generated by the first pump light and the second pump light.
c. The connection between the circulator 61I and the filter 71I is recovered, the power supply of the photoelectric detector 81I is turned on, the output signal of the photoelectric detector 81I is connected to the ultrafast oscilloscope, the optical fiber is added or reduced in the first background light optical path, the optical paths of the first background light and the second background light reaching the No. II 50/50 beam splitter are matched, and the first background light and the second background light are the same, namely the optical paths of the entangled light beams generated by the first background light and the two pump lights passing through the first filter are the same.
d. The second background light is connected with the No. III 50/50 beam splitter 33 again, the first background light is disconnected with the No. II 50/50 beam splitter, the first background light replaces the first pump light and is input into the No. I circulator 61, the No. II circulator 62 is disconnected from the No. II filter 72, the light beam output by the No. II circulator 62 is connected into the photoelectric detector, the detection signal is input into the ultrafast oscilloscope through the cable, the optical path of the first background light is matched with the optical path of the second pump light and the first background light by increasing and decreasing the optical length in the optical path of the first background light to enable the optical paths to be the same, and at the moment, when the first background light reaches the No. III 50/50 beam splitter 33, the optical path of the first background light passing through the optical path is the same as the optical path of an entangled light beam generated by the two pump lights.
This process requires special attention, and the increase or decrease of the length of the first background optical fiber is performed on the basis of the length of the first background optical fiber after the step c can be recovered.
e. And (3) the circulator II 62 is connected with the filter II 72 again, the power supply of the photoelectric detector IV 84 is turned on, the output signal of the photoelectric detector IV 84 is connected into the ultrafast oscilloscope, the optical path of the second background light and the optical path of the first background light reaching the beam splitter III 50/50 are matched by increasing and decreasing optical fibers in the optical path of the second background light, so that the second background light and the first background light are the same, namely the optical path of the second background light and the optical path of the entangled light beam generated by the two pumping lights passing through the filter II 72 are the same.
f. And (c) reducing the fiber length of the first background light to the fiber length after the step c, and connecting the first background light with the No. II 50/50 beam splitter again.
The specific process of matching the polarizations of the two pump beams is as follows:
the No. I circulator 61 is disconnected from the No. I filter 71, the light beam output by the No. I circulator 61 is input into a spectrum analyzer, a new frequency spectrum generated outside a double-pump light spectrum is observed on the spectrum analyzer, and the No. I polarization controller 41 and the No. II polarization controller 42 are adjusted to enable the intensities of the two new frequency spectra to be maximum.
The specific process of adjusting the phase difference of the opposite transmission light beams in the optical fiber ring is as follows:
the spectra of the first and second pump beams are observed on a spectrum analyzer, and the iii-polarization controller 43 is adjusted to maximize the spectral intensity of the first pump beam and minimize the spectral intensity of the second pump beam.
The specific process of matching the polarization of the two background lights and the entangled light beam is as follows:
the connection between the circulator 61I and the filter 71I is restored, the power supply of the electronic spectrum analyzer 11 is turned on, parameters are set, and the polarization controller 44 IV and the polarization controller 45V are adjusted to make the noise curve on the electronic spectrum analyzer 11 the highest, which indicates that the two background lights are matched with the two entangled light beams in polarization.
The specific process of calibrating the shot noise standard is as follows:
and the power supplies of the II photoelectric detector 82 and the III photoelectric detector 83 are turned on, the output light beams of the I filter 71 and the II filter 72 are shielded, and the shot noise standard is recorded by the electronic frequency spectrograph.
The specific procedure for measuring the amplitude difference noise and the phase and noise and comparing with the shot noise standard of step v is as follows:
and (3) removing the shielding of light beams output by the filter I71 and the filter II 72, greatly reducing the noise curve on the electronic spectrum analyzer 11, setting the gear of the adder-subtractor 10 to be plus or minus respectively, observing and recording data, and comparing with the shot noise standard obtained in the step v.
The invention can realize the generation and separation of frequency degenerated entangled light beams by utilizing the Sagnec optical fiber ring structure of the built-in polarization controller injected into two ports of two pumping light beams, does not need external reference laser beams during adjustment, and has simple operation.
The whole optical fiber device is of an all-fiber structure, and the device is small in size, stable and easy to access an optical fiber network.
Claims (9)
1. A generation device of an all-fiber frequency degenerated entangled beam comprises a mode-locked fiber laser (1), and is characterized in that: the output end of the mode-locked fiber laser (1) is connected with a multichannel wavelength division multiplexer (2), two ports of the multichannel wavelength division multiplexer (2) are connected with a frequency degeneracy entanglement beam generation assembly, the other port of the multichannel wavelength division multiplexer (2) is connected to a No. I50/50 beam splitter (31), two output ends of the No. I50/50 beam splitter (31) and two output ends of the frequency degeneracy entanglement beam generation assembly containing a Sagnec fiber ring (5) are respectively connected to two balanced homodyne detection assemblies, and the output ends of the two balanced homodyne detection assemblies are connected to a noise analysis assembly;
the frequency degeneracy entanglement beam generation assembly comprises a circulator I (61) and a circulator II (62) which are connected with a multichannel wavelength division multiplexer (2), wherein the circulator I (61) and the circulator II (62) are connected into a Sagnec optical fiber ring (5), the circulator I (61) is connected with a filter I (71), the circulator II (62) is connected with a filter II (72), the output end of the filter I (71) is connected into a 50/50 beam splitter II (32), and the output end of the filter II (72) is connected into a 50/50 beam splitter III (33).
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said means for generating an all-fiber frequency-degenerate entangled beam comprises: the noise analysis component comprises an adder-subtractor (10), the adder-subtractor (10) is connected with the output ends of a No. I subtracter (91) and a No. II subtracter (92), and the output end of the adder-subtractor (10) is connected with an electronic spectrum analyzer (11).
3. An all-fiber frequency-degenerate entangled-beam generator as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the balanced zero-beat detection assembly comprises a No. II 50/50 beam splitter (32) and a No. III 50/50 beam splitter (33), wherein a No. I photoelectric detector (81) and a No. II photoelectric detector (82) are arranged between the No. II 50/50 beam splitter (32) and a No. I subtracter (91); a third photoelectric detector (83) and a fourth photoelectric detector (84) are arranged between the third 50/50 beam splitter (33) and the second subtracter (92), and the first subtracter (91) and the second subtracter (92) are connected into the noise analysis assembly.
4. An all-fiber frequency-degenerate entangled-beam generator as claimed in claim 3, wherein: and a III-number polarization controller (43) is arranged in the Sagnec optical fiber ring (5).
5. An all-fiber frequency-degenerate entangled-beam generator as claimed in claim 4, wherein: multichannel wavelength division multiplexer (2) are to inputing first pump beam, second pump beam, third laser beam in connecting fiber, first pump beam enters into annular ware (61) No. I, second pump beam enters into annular ware (62) No. II, the third laser beam enters into 50/50 beam splitter (31) No. I, be provided with polarization controller (41) No. I that are used for controlling first pump beam polarization between multichannel wavelength division multiplexer (2) and annular ware (61) No. I, be provided with polarization controller (42) No. II that are used for controlling second pump beam polarization between multichannel wavelength division multiplexer (2) and annular ware (62) No. II.
6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein said full fiber frequency degenerate entangled beam generator comprises: the No. I50/50 beam splitter (31) receives the third laser beam and outputs a first background beam and a second background beam to the No. II 50/50 beam splitter (32) and the No. III 50/50 beam splitter (33), respectively.
7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein said means for generating an all-fiber frequency-degenerate entangled beam comprises: an IV polarization controller (44) for controlling the first background light beam is arranged between the I50/50 beam splitter (31) and the II 50/50 beam splitter (32), and a V polarization controller (45) for controlling the second background light beam is arranged between the I50/50 beam splitter (31) and the III 50/50 beam splitter (33).
8. A method of generating an all-fiber frequency-degenerate entangled beam based on the all-fiber frequency-degenerate entangled beam generating apparatus of any of claims 1-7, comprising: the method comprises the following steps:
matching the optical path lengths of the respective beams
(ii) matching the polarisation of the two pump beams
(iii) adjusting the phase difference of the counter-propagating beams in the fibre ring
(iv) matching the polarization of the two background lights and the entangled beam
(v) calibrating the shot noise standard
(vi) measuring the amplitude difference noise with the phase and noise and comparing with the shot noise criterion of step (v);
the specific process of matching the polarization of the two pump beams is as follows:
the No. I circulator (61) is disconnected from the No. I filter (71), the light beam output by the No. I circulator (61) is input into a spectrum analyzer, a new frequency spectrum generated outside a double-pump light spectrum is observed on the spectrum analyzer, and the No. I polarization controller (41) and the No. II polarization controller (42) are adjusted to enable the intensities of the two new frequency spectra to be maximum.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the generating means is further configured to generate an all-fiber frequency-degenerate entangled beam by: the light beams to be subjected to optical path matching in the step (i) comprise a first pump light beam, a second pump light beam, a first background light beam and a second background light beam.
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