CN206283309U - A kind of 12V batteries photovoltaic commercial power complementation charge and discharge maintenance device - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of 12V batteries photovoltaic commercial power complementation charge and discharge maintenance device, including photovoltaic commercial power complementary combinations Logic control module, accumulator cell charging and discharging compares control module, by setting R1, the ratio of R2, the ratio of R3 and R4, first, the numerical value of the second reference voltage, when the terminal voltage of battery reached charge shutoff voltage, first voltage hysteresis comparator disconnects the charging to battery by the 3rd relay, this overcharge off state be maintained to battery terminal voltage reach charging shut-off recover voltage, reach shut-off of charging and recover the charging that voltage then recovers to battery, when the terminal voltage of battery reached puts shut-off voltage, second voltage hysteresis comparator disconnects the electric discharge to loading by the 4th relay, this cross put off state be maintained to battery terminal voltage reach electric discharge shut-off recover voltage.The utility model can automatic detection battery status, and carry out auto charge and discharge and shut-off control and shut-off recover control.

Description

A kind of 12V batteries photovoltaic commercial power complementation charge and discharge maintenance device

Technical field

The utility model is related to a kind of photovoltaic commercial power complementation charge and discharge maintenance device of the battery that nominal voltage is 12V.

Background technology

In daily life, be easy to carry because of battery, it is repeatable utilize, many conventional electronic equipments or In instrument and meter all can use 12V storage battery power supplies, these electronic devices based on portable, with renewable new energy Development, using photovoltaic, mains hybrid mode be battery charge will be as a kind of trend.Additionally, correct charge and discharge system It is not only cost-effective, can also effectively extend the service life of battery, nominal voltage is the preferable terminal voltage of the battery of 12V Scope is 12V~13.5V, and battery is in over-discharge state or overcharge condition can all influence the use longevity of battery Life, nominal voltage for 12V battery in use, should try one's best and avoid the terminal voltage of battery from being in less than 12V for a long time Or higher than 14.5V.

The battery of over-discharge state or overcharge condition is chronically at, because inner conductive ion cannot effectively be swashed Hair, battery will largely effect on its service life because of improper use, and user is when using battery often to battery Dump energy is unclear, and battery does not carry out timely and effectively discharge and recharge and may result in equipment work midway electric power deficiency or make With it is unstable situations such as occur.

Utility model content

The utility model is for above shortcomings in the prior art, there is provided a kind of 12V batteries photovoltaic commercial power is complementary Charge and discharge maintenance device, can detect that nominal voltage is the battery status of 12V, and carry out auto charge and discharge and shut-off control System, makes the voltage of battery steady in a long-term in more normal scope.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the utility model uses following technical scheme：

A kind of 12V batteries photovoltaic commercial power complementation charge and discharge maintenance device, including power module, photovoltaic commercial power complementary combinations Logic control module and accumulator cell charging and discharging compare control module, and the nominal voltage of battery is 12V；

The photovoltaic commercial power complementary combinations Logic control module includes a non-self-lock-ing button, and non-self-lock-ing button passes through double D and touches Hair counting module realizes that the binary addition of touch potential is counted, and the output end of non-self-lock-ing button also triggers one by delay circuit Data-latching circuit is exported, and the output end of two d type flip flops of double D flip-flop numbers modules is all connected with the data-latching circuit Data input pin a, data output end of data-latching circuit connects the first relay, the first relay by optical coupling isolation circuit The contact of device can make output port OUT1 connect photovoltaic interface P1 chargings, and another data output end of data-latching circuit passes through light Coupling isolation circuit connects the second relay, and the contact of the second relay can make output port OUT1 connect commercial power interface P2 chargings, The output end level of described pair of two d type flip flops of D flip-flop number modules can make output port OUT1 individually connect photovoltaic interface, One of commercial power interface charge and simultaneously connection photovoltaic interface, commercial power interface charge, and under shutdown mode photovoltaic interface, Commercial power interface does not charge to output port；

The accumulator cell charging and discharging compares control module includes being the sluggish ratio of the first voltage of reverse voltage hysteresis comparator Compared with device and second voltage hysteresis comparator, the input in the same direction of first voltage hysteresis comparator connects first by first resistor R1 Reference voltage V_R1Anode, be connected with the first feedback resistance R2 between its input in the same direction and output end, its reverse input end connects The anode of battery is connect, the input in the same direction of second voltage hysteresis comparator connects the second reference voltage V by 3rd resistor R3_R2 Anode, be connected with the second feedback resistance R4 between its input in the same direction and output end, its reverse input end connection battery Anode；The output end of first voltage hysteresis comparator connects the magnet coil of the 3rd relay by NPN triode, charges and indicates Lamp is connected in parallel on the magnet coil two ends of the 3rd relay, and the normally-closed contact connection of the 3rd relay overcharges parallel connection after shut-off indicator lamp At output port OUT1 two ends, its normally opened contact is connected to output port OUT1 on the charge circuit of battery；Second voltage The output end of hysteresis comparator passes through the magnet coil that NPN triode connects the 4th relay, shut-off indicator lamp is put excessively and is connected in parallel on The magnet coil two ends of the 4th relay, the normally-closed contact of the 4th relay is connected to battery on the discharge loop that loads, The two ends of battery are connected in parallel on after the normally-closed contact of discharge indicating lamp the 4th relay of connection；

The voltage limit of visiting of first voltage hysteresis comparatorLower threshold voltageWherein V_R1It is above-mentioned first reference voltage, V_ZIt is steady for output end voltage-regulator diode Pressure value, makes the voltage limit V that visits_p1=cross charge shutoff voltage, lower threshold voltage V_p2=shut-off of charging recovers voltage, then can calculate Go out the ratio and the first required reference voltage V of first resistor R1 and the first feedback resistance R2_R1Numerical value；

Similarly, the voltage limit of visiting of second voltage hysteresis comparatorRation the power supply Xiamen PressureWherein V_R2It is above-mentioned second reference voltage, V_ZIt is output end voltage-regulator diode Voltage stabilizing value, makes the voltage limit V that visits_p1=electric discharge shut-off recovers voltage, lower threshold voltage V_p2=cross and put shut-off voltage, then can count Calculate the ratio and the second required reference voltage V of 3rd resistor R3 and the second feedback resistance R4_R2Numerical value；

When the terminal voltage of battery rose to charge shutoff voltage, it is low to there is upset output in first voltage hysteresis comparator Level, it passes through the charging of NPN triode and the disconnection of the 3rd relay to battery, now overcharges shut-off indicator lamp and lights, this Overcharge off state be maintained to battery terminal voltage be reduced to charging shut-off recover voltage, reach charging shut-off recover electricity Then the upset of first voltage hysteresis comparator is high level to pressure, connects the charging to battery, and now charging indicator light is lighted；Work as storage The terminal voltage of battery was dropped to when putting shut-off voltage, and second voltage hysteresis comparator occurs upset output high level, and it passes through NPN triode and the 4th relay disconnect electric discharge of the battery to loading, and shut-off indicator lamp is now put excessively and is lighted, and this crosses and puts shut-off The terminal voltage that state is maintained to battery reaches electric discharge shut-off recovery voltage, reaches electric discharge shut-off and recovers voltage then the first electricity Pressure hysteresis comparator upset is low level, connects the electric discharge to battery, and now discharge indicating lamp is lighted.

Further, first reference voltage V_R1By the first adjustable DC electric power generating composition, the second reference voltage V_R2By Two adjustable DC electric power generating compositions；Accumulator cell charging and discharging compares control module and accessed between output port OUT1 and battery to be prevented The diode D0 of electric current reversely charging, prevents battery from being discharged to output port OUT1.

Further, being connected between the photovoltaic interface P1 and output port prevents the first diode of electric current reversely charging, Being connected between the commercial power interface P2 and output port prevents the second diode of electric current reversely charging, when photovoltaic interface P1 and civil power Interface P2 charges for output port simultaneously when, the first diode can prevent commercial power charged its current flowing backwards when accounting for main to photovoltaic Interface, the second diode can prevent photovoltaic charged its current flowing backwards when accounting for main to commercial power interface, so as to prevent photo-voltaic power supply Or mains supply is damaged；

The charge shutoff voltage of crossing of the battery is 14.1~14.5V, and it is 13.1~13.5V that shut-off of charging recovers voltage, It is 10.8~12V to cross and put shut-off voltage, and it is 11.5~12V that electric discharge shut-off recovers voltage.

Further, described pair of D flip-flop numbers module includes first d type flip flop and the second d type flip flop of cascade, a D The clock end of trigger connects the output end of the button Anti-shaking circuit, and the D ends of the first d type flip flop connect its inverse output terminal, The D ends of the second d type flip flop connect its inverse output terminal, and the inverse output terminal of the first trigger connects the D ends of the second d type flip flop, Then the binary addition counting module of asynchronous clock is constituted, wherein the second trigger is exported for high-order, the first trigger is Low level is exported；

The inverse output terminal of described pair of the first d type flip flop of D flip-flop number modules and the inverse output terminal of the second d type flip flop The data-latching circuit is connected, a data output end IN0_out of data-latching circuit passes through optical coupling isolation circuit and PNP Triode Q1 connects the first relay, when the data output end IN0_out of data-latching circuit exports low level, by light Coupling isolation circuit turns on PNP triode Q1, electricity on the first relay, the normally opened contact closure of the first relay, makes output end Mouth OUT1 connection photovoltaic interfaces P1 charges；

Another data output end IN1_out of data-latching circuit is connected by optical coupling isolation circuit and PNP triode Q2 Second relay, when the data output end IN1_out of data-latching circuit exports low level, is made by optical coupling isolation circuit PNP triode Q2 is turned on, electricity on the second relay, the normally opened contact closure of the second relay, output port OUT1 is connected city Electrical interface P2 charges；

When the data output end IN0_out and data output end IN1_out of data-latching circuit U7 export low level, It can be seen that, it can simultaneously drive electricity on the first relay and the second relay, make photovoltaic interface P1 and commercial power interface P2 while being Output port OUT1 powers；

When the data output end IN0_out and data output end IN1_out of data-latching circuit U7 export high level, This is shutdown mode, and photovoltaic interface and commercial power interface be not for output port OUT1 powers.

Further, the positive output end connection decoding of the first d type flip flop of the double D trigger and the second d type flip flop Device, the first d type flip flop connects the low level input of decoder, and the second d type flip flop connects the high-order input of decoder, the decoding The binary code of input is changed into the decimal system by device, and by numeral method, thus can show the button of non-self-lock-ing button Number.

Preferably, the non-self-lock-ing button is double-point double-throw switch S1, and the plug-in strip connection of double-point double-throw switch S1 is pressed The input of key Anti-shaking circuit, another plug-in strip of double-point double-throw switch S1 connects the triggering end of delay circuit, double-point double-throw switch Two plug-in strips linkage, double-point double-throw switch S1 non-keying end ground connection；

The button Anti-shaking circuit is rest-set flip-flop Anti-shaking circuit, and the rest-set flip-flop Anti-shaking circuit is connected by two NAND gates Constitute, after the double-point double-throw switch S1 is pressed and unclamped, the output end of rest-set flip-flop Anti-shaking circuit is tactile by rising edge level Send out pair D flip-flop numbers module described and start working, the first d type flip flop of double D flip-flop numbers modules, the second d type flip flop are Rise along level triggers；

The delay circuit uses 555 delay trigger circuits, and it is low level triggering trigger, until non-self-lock-ing button After high level after release makes charging capacitor C13 charge to certain voltage, the output end of 555 delay trigger circuits just exports low electricity It is flat, with trigger data latch cicuit output data, the delay time of 555 delay trigger circuits can adjust its charging capacitor C13 and Adjustable resistance R7 is realized.

Further, the 12V batteries photovoltaic commercial power complementation charge and discharge maintenance device is also gathered including battery tension With display module, with display module using A/D conversion chip ICL7107, it passes through voltage collection circuit for battery tension collection The two ends of battery are connected, the sampled point of voltage sampling circuit connects the high-order input of ICL7107, the output of the ICL7107 Four LED charactrons of end direct drive, by setting decimal point position, make indication range be ± 19.99, and achievable nominal voltage is The terminal voltage of the battery of 12V shows that ICL7107 and LED charactrons constitute digital voltmeter.

Preferably, the NPN triode is the compound transistor of NPN type, and it is by a NPN triode and a PNP triode Cascade is constituted, when input is high level, the compound transistor conducting of NPN type, and when input is low level, NPN type Compound transistor ends.

Preferably, the charge shutoff voltage of crossing of the battery is 14.5V, and it is 13.5V that shut-off of charging recovers voltage, crosses and puts pass Power-off pressure is 11V, and it is 12V that electric discharge shut-off recovers voltage.

Preferably, the delay circuit uses chip NE555, and data-latching circuit is using chip 74HC573, double D triggerings Device uses chip 74LS74, decoder to use chip 74LS47.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are：(1) battery status that can be with automatic detection nominal voltage as 12V, Thus carry out auto charge and discharge and overcharge shut-off control, cross put shut-off control and charge shut-off recover control, electric discharge shut-off it is extensive Multiple control, makes the voltage of battery steady in a long-term in more normal scope, can improve the operating efficiency of battery and make Use the life-span；User turns off and recovers, automaticity without the discharge and recharge for controlling battery manually according to the terminal voltage of battery It is high；

(2) the output end level of two d type flip flops of double D flip-flop numbers modules makes output port OUT1 individually connect photovoltaic One of interface, commercial power interface charge and connection photovoltaic interface, commercial power interface charge simultaneously, and the photovoltaic under shutdown mode Interface, commercial power interface do not charge to output port OUT1；Meet the developing direction of renewable new energy, with energy-conserving and environment-protective Advantage.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is one of circuit diagram of photovoltaic commercial power complementary combinations Logic control module of the present utility model.

Fig. 2 is the two of the circuit diagram of photovoltaic commercial power complementary combinations Logic control module of the present utility model.

Fig. 3 is the three of the circuit diagram of photovoltaic commercial power complementary combinations Logic control module of the present utility model.

Fig. 4 is the four of the circuit diagram of photovoltaic commercial power complementary combinations Logic control module of the present utility model.

Fig. 5 compares the circuit theory diagrams of control module for the accumulator cell charging and discharging of the utility model embodiment.

Fig. 6 is the circuit diagram of voltage hysteresis comparator in the same direction.

Fig. 7 is the transmission characteristic figure of voltage hysteresis comparator in the same direction.

Fig. 8 is the transmission characteristic figure of the first voltage hysteresis comparator of the utility model embodiment.

Fig. 9 is the transmission characteristic figure of the second voltage hysteresis comparator of the utility model embodiment.

Battery tension collections and the circuit diagram of display module of the Figure 10 for the utility model embodiment.

Figure 11 is the circuit diagram of double 15V power supplys of the power module of the utility model embodiment.

Figure 12 is the circuit diagram of double 5V power supplys of the power module of the utility model embodiment.

Specific embodiment

The utility model is described in further detail with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it will be appreciated that described herein Embodiment is only used for illustrating implementation method of the present utility model, does not constitute to limitation of the present utility model.

Reference picture 1-12：A kind of 12V batteries photovoltaic commercial power complementation charge and discharge maintenance device, including power module, photovoltaic Mains hybrid Combinational Logic Control module and accumulator cell charging and discharging compare control module, and the nominal voltage of battery is 12V.

The photovoltaic commercial power complementary combinations Logic control module includes being a non-self-lock-ing button, and it is two in the present embodiment One plug-in strip of the double-point double-throw switch S1 of plug-in strip linkage, double-point double-throw switch S1 connects double D and triggers by RS buttons Anti-shaking circuit Counting module, double-point double-throw switch another plug-in strip connection delay circuit U6, namely in figure double-point double-throw switch 4 end key_in The triggering end TRIG of connection delay circuit U6, when double-point double-throw switch S1 is pressed, key_in is low level, delay circuit U6 quilts Triggering；

The Enable Pin of the output end connection data-latching circuit U7 of delay circuit U6The described pair of D flip-flop number module Inverse output terminal IN0, IN1 of each d type flip flop are all connected with the data input pin of data-latching circuit U7, in the delay circuit After U6 time delay certain hours, data output end IN0_out, IN1_out correspondence of trigger data latch cicuit U7 export its data The data of input IN0, IN1；The data output end IN0_out of data-latching circuit U7 by optical coupling isolation circuit U9 and PNP triode Q1 connects the first relay K1, when the data output end IN0_out of data-latching circuit exports low level, Optical coupling isolation circuit U9 is turned on, and PNP triode Q1 conductings, electricity on the first relay K1, the normally opened contact of the first relay K1 is closed Close, output port OUT1 is connected photovoltaic interface P1, in figure, the anode of photovoltaic interface P1 connects output port OUT1's by D5 The K of normally opened contact connection output port OUT1 of the negative terminal of K+, photovoltaic interface P1 after closing-；

Another data output end IN1_out of data-latching circuit U7 passes through optical coupling isolation circuit U12 and PNP triode Q2 The second relay K2 is connected, when the data output end IN1_out of data-latching circuit exports low level, optical coupling isolation circuit U12 is turned on, PNP triode Q2 conductings, electricity on the second relay K2, the normally opened contact closure of the second relay K2, makes output end Mouth OUT1 connection commercial power interfaces P2, the output port OUT1 is for connecting battery charging；

When two the data output ends IN0_out and IN1_out of data-latching circuit U7 export low level, while driving Electricity on dynamic first relay K1 and the second relay K2, makes photovoltaic interface P1 and commercial power interface P2 be output port OUT1 and supplies Electricity, namely simultaneously for battery charges；As the data output end IN0_out and data output end IN1_ of data-latching circuit U7 When out exports high level, this is shutdown mode, and photovoltaic interface and commercial power interface be not for output port OUT1 powers；

The delay circuit U6 be used for wait non-self-lock-ing key-press input finish and double D flip-flop numbers module final outputs after Trigger data latch cicuit is exported；

Being connected between the photovoltaic interface P1 and output port OUT1 prevents the first diode D5 of electric current reversely charging, civil power Being connected between interface P2 and output port OUT1 prevents the second diode D7 of electric current reversely charging, when photovoltaic interface P1 and civil power connect Mouthful P2 charges for output port OUT1 simultaneously when, the first diode D5 can prevent commercial power charged its current flowing backwards when accounting for main extremely Photovoltaic interface, the second diode D7 can prevent photovoltaic charged its current flowing backwards when accounting for main to commercial power interface, so as to prevent light Volt power supply or mains supply are damaged；

Described pair of D flip-flop numbers module includes that the first d type flip flop U11A of cascade and the second d type flip flop U11B, a D are tactile The clock end for sending out device connects the output end of the RS buttons Anti-shaking circuit, and the D ends of the first d type flip flop connect its inverse output terminal, The D ends of the second d type flip flop connect its inverse output terminal, and the inverse output terminal of the first trigger connects the D ends of the second d type flip flop, Then the binary addition counting module of asynchronous clock is constituted, wherein the second trigger is exported for high-order, the first trigger is Low level is exported；

The rest-set flip-flop Anti-shaking circuit is connected and composed by two NAND gates U10A and U10B.When non-self-lock-ing button is pressed When, its 1 end be low level, no matter whether non-self-lock-ing button unclamps its 1 end, as long as not with its 3 end in contact, U10A exports low all the time Level, realizes the stabilization function of button.Non-self-lock-ing button press and unclamp to its 3 end in contact after, U10A output rising edge Level, the clock end CLK of double D flip-flop numbers modules is rising edge triggering, U10A output rising edge level, double D flip-flop numbers moulds The clock end CLK of block is triggered for rising edge, and U11B is exported for high-order in Fig. 6, and U11A is exported for low level, and U11B, U11A are real successively Existing 00,01,10,11 plus coujnt；

Its detailed process is that the logical function of d type flip flop is：Qⁿ⁺¹=D, 74LS74 are triggered for rising edge.So, in figure, IN0=D0, IN1=D1, it is assumed that in an initial condition, the output of first, second d type flip flop are 0, i.e. A=0, B=0；Then First, the inverse output terminal of the second d type flip flop is 1, i.e. IN0=1, IN1=1, thus first, second d type flip flop D ends state It is D0=1, D1=1；When the output end of rest-set flip-flop Anti-shaking circuit namely the clock end CLK of the first d type flip flop become from 0 for the first time When turning to 1, now U11A state changes are A=1, IN0=0, D0=0；IN0=0 causes that the clock end CLK of U11B is trailing edge Pulse, therefore U11B states are unchanged, i.e. B=0, IN1=1, D1=1, now double D flip-flop numbers modules (from a high position to low level) It is output as 01, i.e. B=0, A=1；

When the clock end CLK of the first d type flip flop becomes for second from 0 turns to 1, now U11A state changes are A=0, IN0 =1, D0=1；IN0=1 causes the clock end CLK of U11B for rising edge pulse, therefore U11B state changes are B=1, IN1=0, D1=0, now double D flip-flop numbers modules (from a high position to low level) be output as 10, i.e. B=1, A=0；

When the clock end CLK third times of the first d type flip flop become from 0 turns to 1, now U11A state changes are A=1, IN0 =0, D0=0；IN0=0 causes that the clock end CLK of U11B is trailing edge pulse, therefore U11B states are unchanged, i.e. B=1, IN1= 0, D1=0, now double D flip-flop numbers modules (from a high position to low level) be output as 11, i.e. B=1, A=1；

When the clock end CLK of the first d type flip flop becomes for the 4th time from 0 turns to 1, now U11A state changes are A=0, IN0 =1, D0=1；IN0=1 causes the clock end CLK of U11B for rising edge pulse, therefore U11B state changes are B=0, IN1=1, D1=1, double D flip-flop numbers modules (from a high position to low level) are output as 00, i.e. B=0, A=0, logical relation is returned to initially State, thus reaches the effect of plus coujnt.

IN0, IN1 according to double D flip-flop numbers modules pass through data latches and the first relay, the company of the second relay Connect circuit, it is known that, it is output as under 00 original state in double D flip-flop numbers modules, button is pressed next time, IN0=0, IN1=1 Make output port OUT1 connect photovoltaic interface to power, button presses secondary, IN0=1, IN1=0 makes output port OUT1 connect city Electrical interface is powered, and button is pressed three times, IN0=0, and IN1=0 makes output port OUT1 connect photovoltaic interface and commercial power interface simultaneously Power supply, button is pressed four times, returns to original state, and this is shutdown mode, now IN0=1, and IN1=1 makes photovoltaic interface and civil power Interface is not for output port OUT1 powers.

The output state of the photovoltaic commercial power complementary combinations Logic control module of table one

In the present embodiment, the positive output of the first d type flip flop U11A and the second d type flip flop U11B of the double D trigger End connection decoder U8, decoder U8 is using chip 74LS74, the low level input of the first d type flip flop U11A connection decoders U8 End, the high-order input of the second d type flip flop U11B connection decoders U8, decoder U8 exports double D flip-flop numbers modules Binary code changes into the decimal system, and by numeral method, thus can show the touch potential of non-self-lock-ing button, thus can carry Show corresponding output state.

In the present embodiment, the delay circuit is 555 delay trigger circuits, and the output end of the non-self-lock-ing button is connected The TRIG ends of 555 triggers circuits, it is low level triggering, and timing is started after triggering, until the height electricity after non-self-lock-ing button unclamps Put down after charging capacitor C13 is charged to certain voltage, the output end of 555 delay trigger circuits just exports low level, to trigger number Exported according to latch cicuit 74HCT573, be achieved in time delay, the delay time of 555 delay trigger circuits by charging capacitor C13 and Adjustable resistance R7 is realized jointly.

The accumulator cell charging and discharging compares control module includes being the sluggish ratio of the first voltage of reverse voltage hysteresis comparator Compared with device U14A and second voltage hysteresis comparator U14B, the input in the same direction of first voltage hysteresis comparator U14A is by the first electricity Resistance R1 connects the first reference voltage V_R1Anode, the first feedback resistance R2 is connected between its input in the same direction and output end, its Reverse input end connects the anode of battery, and its output end connects voltage-regulator diode ZD1, second voltage hysteresis comparator U14B's Input in the same direction connects the second reference voltage V by 3rd resistor R3_R2Anode, between its input in the same direction and output end connect There is the second feedback resistance R4, its reverse input end connects the anode of battery, its output end connection voltage-regulator diode ZD2 is described First reference voltage V_R1By the first adjustable DC electric power generating composition, the second reference voltage V_R2By the second adjustable DC electric power generating composition；

The output end of first voltage hysteresis comparator U14A is by the compound transistor of NPN type (by NPN triode Q3, PNP Triode Q4 cascades are constituted) magnet coil of the 3rd relay of connection, charging indicator light is connected in parallel on the electromagnetic wire of the 3rd relay Circle two ends, the normally-closed contact connection of the 3rd relay is connected in parallel on charging input end mouthful IN1 two after overcharging shut-off indicator lamp LED10 End, its normally opened contact is connected to charging input end mouthful IN1 on the charge circuit of battery；Second voltage hysteresis comparator U14B Output end the magnet coil of the 4th relay is connected by the compound transistor (Q3, Q4) of NPN type, cross and put shut-off indicator lamp LED10 is connected in parallel on the magnet coil two ends of the 4th relay, and the normally-closed contact of the 4th relay is connected to battery to load On discharge loop, the two ends of battery are connected in parallel on after the normally-closed contact of discharge indicating lamp LED11 the 4th relays of connection；

The work of the 3rd relay cannot be directly driven because the output signal of first voltage hysteresis comparator is too small, therefore is adopted Compound transistor is constituted with Q3, Q4 drive the 3rd relay (anode of one end connection charging input end mouthful IN1, one end connection Q4 Emitter stage) realize Battery charge controller, battery discharging control is similar；

The voltage limit of visiting of first voltage hysteresis comparatorLower threshold voltageWherein V_R1It is above-mentioned first reference voltage, V_ZIt is the voltage stabilizing of output end voltage-regulator diode Value, makes the voltage limit V that visits_p1=cross charge shutoff voltage 14.5V, lower threshold voltage V_p2=shut-off of charging recovers voltage 13.5V, then The ratio and the first required reference voltage V of first resistor R1 and the first feedback resistance R2 can be calculated_R1Numerical value；

In characteristic curve, the numerical value of regulation voltage-regulator diode ZD1 can make the characteristic curve of first voltage hysteresis comparator Move up and down, the numerical value of voltage-regulator diode ZD1 takes can be such that characteristic curve moves to numerical value during output high level 1, low level 0；

Similarly, the voltage limit of visiting of second voltage hysteresis comparatorRation the power supply Xiamen PressureWherein V_R2It is above-mentioned second reference voltage, V_ZIt is output end voltage-regulator diode Voltage stabilizing value, makes the voltage limit V that visits_p1=electric discharge shut-off recovers voltage 11.5V, lower threshold voltage V_p2=cross and put shut-off voltage 11V, The ratio and the second required reference voltage V of 3rd resistor R3 and the second feedback resistance R4 can then be calculated_R2Numerical value；

Similarly, the numerical value of voltage-regulator diode ZD2 takes can make the characteristic curve of second voltage hysteresis comparator move high to output Numerical value during level 1, low level 0；

The characteristic of voltage-regulator diode ZD1 is, when the output end of first voltage hysteresis comparator exports high level, to the height Level carries out voltage stabilizing, when the output end of first voltage hysteresis comparator exports low level, does not produce shadow to the output low level Ring, voltage-regulator diode ZD2 is similarly；

Thus it is possible to realize, when the terminal voltage of battery was less than charge shutoff voltage 14.5V, the sluggish ratio of first voltage There is upset output low level compared with device U14A, the low level ends the compound transistor of NPN type, and specifically, low level makes NPN Triode Q3 ends, Q3 output high level, ends PNP triode Q4, and then the magnet coil K3A of the 3rd relay does not go up Electricity, the normally opened contact of two-way switch K3B is disconnected, and charging input end mouthful IN1 is disconnected the charging to battery, and the normally closed of K3B is touched Point closure, makes to overcharge shut-off indicator lamp LED9 and lights, and this overcharges off state and be maintained to the terminal voltage of battery and is reduced to Shut-off of charging recovers voltage 13.5V；Hereafter when the terminal voltage of battery is reduced to the shut-off of charging recovers voltage 13.5V, There is upset output high level in first voltage hysteresis comparator U14A, the high level turns on the compound transistor of NPN type, specifically It is that high level turns on NPN triode Q3, Q3 output low levels turn on PNP triode Q4, then the electricity of the 3rd relay Electricity on magnetic coil K3A, then the normally-closed contact of K3B disconnect, make to overcharge shut-off indicator lamp LED9 and do not light, the normally opened contact of K3B Closure, makes charging input end mouthful IN1 recover the charging to battery, and the upper electricity of K3A also lights charging indicator light LED8, this charging The terminal voltage that state is maintained to battery rises to charging shut-off voltage 14.5V；

Thus it is possible to realize, when the terminal voltage of battery is higher than electric discharge shut-off voltage 11V, second voltage sluggishness compares Device U14B exports low level, and the low level ends the compound transistor of NPN type, and specifically, NPN triode Q5 cut-offs, Q5 is defeated Go out high level, end PNP triode Q6, then the magnet coil K4A of the 4th relay does not go up electricity, and the normally-closed contact of K4B is closed Close, connect electric discharge of the battery to loading, the normally-closed contact closure of K4B also lights discharge indicating lamp LED11, the 4th relay Magnet coil K4A do not go up electricity and made to put shut-off indicator lamp LED10 and do not light, this discharge condition maintains the end electricity until battery Pressure drop is as little as crossed and puts shut-off voltage 11V；When the terminal voltage of battery reached puts shut-off voltage 11V, the sluggish ratio of second voltage There is upset output high level compared with device U14B, the high level turns on the compound transistor of NPN type, and specifically, high level makes NPN Triode Q5 is turned on, Q5 output low levels, turns on PNP triode Q6, then electricity on the magnet coil K4A of the 4th relay, The normally-closed contact of K4B disconnects, and disconnects electric discharge of the battery to loading, and the upper electricity of K4A also made to put and turns off indicator lamp LED10 and light, The normally-closed contact of K4B disconnects also makes discharge indicating lamp LED11 not light, and this electric discharge off state is maintained to the end of battery Voltage rises to electric discharge shut-off and recovers voltage 12V.Wherein, BT+ connects the anode of battery.

First voltage hysteresis comparator U14A and second voltage hysteresis comparator U14B are supplied by three-terminal voltage regulator U13 Electricity, U13 may be implemented in voltage stabilizing in the case that input voltage changes using the input connection battery of chip LM317, LM317 Output, regulation RP5 can change the size of output voltage, and the output end VCC1 of LM317 connects first, second voltage hysteresis comparator Positive power source terminal.

Accumulator cell charging and discharging compares the charging input end mouthful IN1 connection photovoltaic commercial power complementary combinations logic controls of control module The output port OUT1 of module.OUT2 in Fig. 5 is battery to the electric discharge port of load.

Accumulator cell charging and discharging compares control module access between charging input end mouthful IN1 and battery prevents electric current reversely charging Diode D0, for preventing battery from being discharged to charging input end mouthful IN1.The anode of the 3rd relay is not connected to battery The anode of anode but connection charging input end mouthful IN1, it is possible to reduce the power consumption of battery, more power saving.

The operation principle of reverse voltage hysteresis comparator explained below.Fig. 6 is the circuit diagram of backward voltage hysteresis comparator, Fig. 7 is the transmission characteristic figure of reverse voltage hysteresis comparator, only when input voltage reaches the U upper limits, the sluggish ratio of reverse voltage Low level is just exported compared with device, as long as hereafter input voltage does not drop to U lower limits and then continues to output low level, only works as input voltage When dropping to U lower limits, reverse voltage hysteresis comparator just overturns output high level, as long as hereafter input voltage is not risen on U Limit then continues to output high level.

Fig. 8 is the transmission characteristic figure of first voltage hysteresis comparator U14A in the present embodiment, and it constitutes charge circuit, its In, the U upper limits are 14.5V, and U lower limits are 13.5V.Fig. 9 is the transmission characteristic of second voltage hysteresis comparator U14B in the present embodiment Figure, it constitutes discharge loop, and in figure, the U upper limits are 12V, and U lower limits are 11V.Following table two is the corresponding discharge and recharge shape of battery tension State.

The corresponding charging and discharging state of the battery tension of table two

In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 10, the utility model also include for gather battery terminal voltage and display Battery tension is gathered and display module, and it uses A/D conversion chip ICL7107, battery is connected by voltage collection circuit Two ends, voltage collection circuit in Fig. 10 as shown on the right, the sampled point Test_in connections ICL7107 of voltage sampling circuit 31 pin high-order input, the output end of the ICL7107 directly drives four LED charactrons, decimal point set by R29 Position, makes indication range be ± 19.99, can then realize that the terminal voltage of the battery that nominal voltage is 12V shows.Four LED numbers Code pipe is common-anode LED charactrons.Test1 buttons press rear LED charactrons output character for detecting circuit signal integrality “1888”。

The 36 pin reference voltages of ICL7107 need to be by adjusting RP7 calibrations at 100 millivolts, and 27,28,29 pin are 0.22uF, 47k The resistance-capacitance network of Ω, 0.47uF, is achieved in A/D conversion outputs.ICL7107 and LED charactrons constitute digital voltmeter.

As shown in Figure 11,12, power module includes double 15V power supplys, double 5V power supplys to the power module.Double 15V power supplys by Civil power connects two three terminal regulator LM7815 after transformer, rectifier, filter capacitor, and+15V and -15V electricity is exported respectively Source, when exporting normal, LED1 and LED2 are lighted, and have controlling switch S2 between rectifier and filter capacitor；Double 5V power supplys are by double 15V Two three terminal regulator LM7805 are connected after ± 15V filtered the electric capacity of power supply that power supply is obtained ,+5V and -5V electricity is exported respectively Source, when exporting normal, LED3 and LED4 are lighted, and have controlling switch S3 between ± 15V power supplys and filter capacitor.

The cross charge shutoff voltage, shut-off of charging of 12V batteries recover voltage, electric discharge shut-off voltage, put in the utility model Electricity shut-off recovery voltage is not limited only to 14.5V, 13.5V, 11V, 12V described in above-described embodiment, can be within the specific limits Adjust.Such as, it is preferable that it can be 14.1~14.5V to cross charge shutoff voltage, shut-off of charging recover voltage can for 13.1~ 13.5V, electric discharge shut-off voltage can be 10.8~11.5V, and it can be 11.5~12V that electric discharge shut-off recovers voltage.

Above-described embodiment is only enumerating for the utility model technology design way of realization, is not used to limit this practicality newly The protection domain of type, all equivalents made according to technology design of the present utility model and improvement etc., should be included in this practicality Within new protection domain.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of 12V batteries photovoltaic commercial power complementation charge and discharge maintenance device, it is characterised in that：Including power module, photovoltaic city Electric complementary combinations Logic control module and accumulator cell charging and discharging compare control module, and the nominal voltage of battery is 12V；

The photovoltaic commercial power complementary combinations Logic control module includes a non-self-lock-ing button, and non-self-lock-ing button passes through double D and triggers meter Digital-to-analogue block realizes that the binary addition of touch potential is counted, and the output end of non-self-lock-ing button also triggers a data by delay circuit Latch cicuit is exported, and the output end of two d type flip flops of double D flip-flop numbers modules is all connected with the data of the data-latching circuit Input a, data output end of data-latching circuit connects the first relay by optical coupling isolation circuit, the first relay Contact can make output port OUT1 connect photovoltaic interface P1 to charge, another data output end of data-latching circuit by optocoupler every The second relay is connected from circuit, the contact of the second relay can make output port OUT1 connect commercial power interface P2 chargings, described The output end level of two d type flip flops of double D flip-flop numbers modules can make output port OUT1 individually connect photovoltaic interface, civil power One of interface charges and connection photovoltaic interface, commercial power interface charge simultaneously, and photovoltaic interface, civil power under shutdown mode Interface does not charge to output port；

The accumulator cell charging and discharging compares control module and includes the first voltage hysteresis comparator for reverse voltage hysteresis comparator With second voltage hysteresis comparator, the input in the same direction of first voltage hysteresis comparator is by first resistor R1 the first benchmark of connection Voltage V_R1Anode, be connected with the first feedback resistance R2 between its input in the same direction and output end, the connection of its reverse input end stores The anode of battery, the input in the same direction of second voltage hysteresis comparator connects the second reference voltage V by 3rd resistor R3_R2Just End, is connected with the second feedback resistance R4 between its input in the same direction and output end, its reverse input end connects the anode of battery； The output end of first voltage hysteresis comparator connects the magnet coil of the 3rd relay by NPN triode, and charging indicator light is simultaneously Be associated in the magnet coil two ends of the 3rd relay, the normally-closed contact connection of the 3rd relay overcharge be connected in parallel on after shut-off indicator lamp it is defeated Exit port OUT1 two ends, its normally opened contact is connected to output port OUT1 on the charge circuit of battery；Second voltage is sluggish The output end of comparator passes through the magnet coil that NPN triode connects the 4th relay, shut-off indicator lamp is put excessively and is connected in parallel on the 4th The magnet coil two ends of relay, the normally-closed contact of the 4th relay is connected to battery on the discharge loop of load, discharging The two ends of battery are connected in parallel on after the normally-closed contact of indicator lamp the 4th relay of connection；

The voltage limit of visiting of first voltage hysteresis comparatorLower threshold voltageWherein V_R1It is above-mentioned first reference voltage, V_ZIt is the voltage stabilizing of output end voltage-regulator diode Value, makes the voltage limit V that visits_p1=cross charge shutoff voltage, lower threshold voltage V_p2=shut-off of charging recovers voltage, then can calculate The ratio and the first required reference voltage V of first resistor R1 and the first feedback resistance R2_R1Numerical value；

Similarly, the voltage limit of visiting of second voltage hysteresis comparatorLower threshold voltageWherein V_R2It is above-mentioned second reference voltage, V_ZIt is steady for output end voltage-regulator diode Pressure value, makes the voltage limit V that visits_p1=electric discharge shut-off recovers voltage, lower threshold voltage V_p2=cross and put shut-off voltage, then can calculate Go out the ratio and the second required reference voltage V of 3rd resistor R3 and the second feedback resistance R4_R2Numerical value；

Then, when the terminal voltage of battery rose to charge shutoff voltage, there is upset output in first voltage hysteresis comparator Low level, it passes through the charging of NPN triode and the disconnection of the 3rd relay to battery, now overcharges shut-off indicator lamp and lights, This overcharge off state be maintained to battery terminal voltage be reduced to charging shut-off recover voltage, reach charging shut-off recover Then the upset of first voltage hysteresis comparator is high level to voltage, connects the charging to battery, and now charging indicator light is lighted；When The terminal voltage of battery was dropped to when putting shut-off voltage, and second voltage hysteresis comparator occurs upset output high level, and it leads to Cross NPN triode and the 4th relay disconnects electric discharge of the battery to loading, shut-off indicator lamp is now put excessively and is lighted, this crosses and puts pass The terminal voltage that disconnected state is maintained to battery reaches electric discharge shut-off and recovers voltage, reaches electric discharge shut-off and recovers voltage then first The upset of voltage hysteresis comparator is low level, connects the electric discharge to battery, and now discharge indicating lamp is lighted.

2. a kind of 12V batteries photovoltaic commercial power complementation charge and discharge maintenance device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute State the first reference voltage V_R1By the first adjustable DC electric power generating composition, the second reference voltage V_R2By the second adjustable DC electric power generating composition； Accumulator cell charging and discharging compares control module and accessed between output port OUT1 and battery prevents the diode D0 of electric current reversely charging, Prevent battery from being discharged to output port OUT1.

3. a kind of 12V batteries photovoltaic commercial power complementation charge and discharge maintenance device as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：Institute State and the first diode for preventing electric current reversely charging is connected between photovoltaic interface P1 and output port, the commercial power interface P2 and output Being connected between port prevents the second diode of electric current reversely charging, when photovoltaic interface P1 and commercial power interface P2 is simultaneously output port During charging, the first diode can prevent commercial power charged its current flowing backwards when accounting for main to photovoltaic interface, and the second diode can be with Photovoltaic charged its current flowing backwards when accounting for main to commercial power interface are prevented, so as to prevent photo-voltaic power supply or mains supply from damaging；

The charge shutoff voltage of crossing of the battery is 14.1~14.5V, and it is 13.1~13.5V that shut-off of charging recovers voltage, crosses and puts Shut-off voltage is 10.8~12V, and it is 11.5~12V that electric discharge shut-off recovers voltage.

4. a kind of 12V batteries photovoltaic commercial power complementation charge and discharge maintenance device as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：Institute Stating double D flip-flop numbers modules includes first d type flip flop and the second d type flip flop of cascade, the clock end connection institute of the first d type flip flop The output end of button Anti-shaking circuit is stated, the D ends of the first d type flip flop connect its inverse output terminal, the D ends connection of the second d type flip flop Its inverse output terminal, the inverse output terminal of the first trigger connects the D ends of the second d type flip flop, then constitutes asynchronous clock Binary addition counting module, wherein the second trigger is exported for high-order, the first trigger is exported for low level；

The described pair of inverse output terminal connection of the inverse output terminal and the second d type flip flop of the first d type flip flop of D flip-flop number modules The data-latching circuit, a data output end IN0_out of data-latching circuit passes through optical coupling isolation circuit and the poles of PNP tri- Pipe Q1 connect the first relay, when data-latching circuit data output end IN0_out export low level when, by optocoupler every PNP triode Q1 is turned on from circuit, electricity on the first relay, the normally opened contact closure of the first relay makes output port OUT1 connection photovoltaic interfaces P1 charges；

Another data output end IN1_out of data-latching circuit connects second by optical coupling isolation circuit and PNP triode Q2 Relay, when the data output end IN1_out of data-latching circuit exports low level, PNP is made by optical coupling isolation circuit Triode Q2 is turned on, electricity on the second relay, the normally opened contact closure of the second relay, output port OUT1 is connected civil power and is connect Mouth P2 charges；

When the data output end IN0_out and data output end IN1_out of data-latching circuit U7 export low level, can See, it can simultaneously drive electricity on the first relay and the second relay, make photovoltaic interface P1 and commercial power interface P2 be simultaneously defeated Exit port OUT1 powers；

When the data output end IN0_out and data output end IN1_out of data-latching circuit U7 export high level, this is Shutdown mode, photovoltaic interface and commercial power interface be not for output port OUT1 powers.

5. a kind of 12V batteries photovoltaic commercial power complementation charge and discharge maintenance device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute The first d type flip flop of double D trigger and the positive output end connection decoder of the second d type flip flop are stated, the connection of the first d type flip flop is translated The low level input of code device, the second d type flip flop connects the high-order input of decoder, and the binary code that the decoder will be input into turns The chemical conversion decimal system, and by numeral method, the touch potential of non-self-lock-ing button thus can be shown.

6. a kind of 12V batteries photovoltaic commercial power complementation charge and discharge maintenance device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Also Including battery tension collection and display module, battery tension collection uses A/D conversion chip ICL7107 with display module, Its two ends that battery is connected by voltage collection circuit, the high-order input of the sampled point connection ICL7107 of voltage sampling circuit End, the output end of the ICL7107 directly drives four LED charactrons, by setting decimal point position, make indication range for ± 19.99, nominal voltage is capable of achieving for the terminal voltage of the battery of 12V shows, ICL7107 and LED charactrons constitute digital electric Pressure table.

7. a kind of 12V batteries photovoltaic commercial power complementation charge and discharge maintenance device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute Non-self-lock-ing button is stated for double-point double-throw switch S1, a plug-in strip of double-point double-throw switch S1 connects the input of button Anti-shaking circuit End, another plug-in strip of double-point double-throw switch S1 connects the triggering end of delay circuit, and two plug-in strips linkage of double-point double-throw switch is double The non-keying end ground connection of double-pole double throw switch S1；

The button Anti-shaking circuit is rest-set flip-flop Anti-shaking circuit, and the rest-set flip-flop Anti-shaking circuit connects structure by two NAND gates After pressing and unclamp into, the double-point double-throw switch S1, the output end of rest-set flip-flop Anti-shaking circuit passes through rising edge level triggers Described pair of D flip-flop numbers module is started working, and the first d type flip flop of double D flip-flop numbers modules, the second d type flip flop are rising Along level triggers；

The delay circuit uses 555 delay trigger circuits, and it is low level triggering trigger, until non-self-lock-ing button unclamps After high level afterwards makes charging capacitor C13 charge to certain voltage, the output end of 555 delay trigger circuits just exports low level, With trigger data latch cicuit output data, the delay time of 555 delay trigger circuits can adjust its charging capacitor C13 and adjustable Resistance R7 is realized.

8. a kind of 12V batteries photovoltaic commercial power complementation charge and discharge maintenance device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute The compound transistor that NPN triode is NPN type is stated, it is made up of a NPN triode and PNP triode cascade, works as input During for high level, the compound transistor conducting of NPN type, when input is low level, the compound transistor cut-off of NPN type.

9. a kind of 12V batteries photovoltaic commercial power complementation charge and discharge maintenance device as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：Institute The charge shutoff voltage of crossing for stating battery is 14.5V, and it is 13.5V that shut-off of charging recovers voltage, and it is 11V, electric discharge to cross and put shut-off voltage It is 12V that shut-off recovers voltage.

10. a kind of 12V batteries photovoltaic commercial power complementation charge and discharge maintenance device as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that：Institute Delay circuit is stated using chip NE555, data-latching circuit uses chip 74HC573, double D trigger to use chip 74LS74, Decoder uses chip 74LS47.