CN2062805U

CN2062805U - Coaxial pulse tube refrigerating machine with small hole and air vesicle

Info

Publication number: CN2062805U
Application number: CN89217187U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周远; 王俊杰; 朱文秀; 张平生
Original assignee: Cryogenic Laboratory of CAS
Current assignee: Key Laboratory of Cryogenics of CAS
Priority date: 1989-09-27
Filing date: 1989-09-27
Publication date: 1990-09-26

Abstract

The utility model discloses a coaxial pulse tube refrigerating machine with small holes and air vesicle, belonging to the field of an air refrigerating machine. The utility model discloses the refrigerating machine which has compact structure, having no moving part under the low temperature, having liquid nitrogen with long-life, and having a temperature range under the liquid nitrogen. The utility model is characterized in that the coaxial pulse tube refrigerating machine with small hole and air vesicle can be used for reducing the refrigerating temperature. The coaxial pulse tube refrigerating machine with small hole and air vesicle adopts the low thermal conductivity material to solve the problem of thermal insulation and thermal leakage between a pulse tube and a regenerator; an air distributing device can be used for solving the problem of inhomogeneous air-flow distribution. The utility model solves the practical problem of the pulse tube refrigerating machine, in particular to the technical field of military affairs and the space technology, and the high-temperature superconductor.

Description

Coaxial pulse tube refrigerating machine with small hole and air vesicle

The coaxial impulse pipe refrigerating machine of band aperture and air reservoir.The utility model is to be used to produce the cryogenic temperature scope of temperature from the room temperature to 50K, is applicable to that space flight, military affairs, high-temperature superconductor and laboratory etc. need the place with low temperature.The utility model belongs to the Gas Refrigerator field.

The refrigerating method of acquisition from room temperature to 50K low temperature had many documents and patent report.They are Stirling＜Stirling〉refrigeration machine, Ji Fute--McMahon＜Gifford--Mcmahon〉refrigeration machine, Sol literary composition＜Solvay〉refrigeration machine, dimension are reined in Mil＜Vuillemier〉refrigeration machine, joule--thomson＜Joule--Thomson〉j-t refrigerator, and the kind of refrigeration cycle of various turbo-expander and piston expansion engine.Except joule--thomson＜Joule--Thomson〉j-t refrigerator, above-mentioned other refrigeration modes need that all moving component is arranged at low temperatures, this will increase cost and reduce reliability, in the low temperature infrared facility that particularly on space flight, military affairs and space technology, relates to the long-life that requires, high reliability, friction and do not have under the situation of interference, wishing has a kind of simple and reliable refrigerating method, can obtain the following low temperature of liquid nitrogen temperature or liquid nitrogen temperature.And joule--thomson＜Joule--Thomson〉is though j-t refrigerator movement-less part at low temperatures, but throttling pore or throttle capillary tube are easily because of cold moving obstruction of impurity at low temperatures, and also need a high pressure＜more than the 150Bar〉steel cylinder at work, and just change in use for some time, very inconvenient.Invented by American Ji Fute＜Gifford〉in 1963, pulse tube refrigerating machines by improved band aperture of Soviet citizen's Micoud woods＜Mikulin〉and air reservoir in 1984 have the application prospect of many reality, this refrigeration machine is made up of nine parts, shows as Fig. 1.Wherein, (1) is pressure wave generator; (2) be regenerator; (3) be cold-side heat exchanger; (4) and (6) be air deflector; (5) be pulse tube; (7) be hot-side heat exchanger; (8) be throttling pore; (9) be air reservoir.In the prior art; The pulse tube and the regenerator of most of refrigeration machine separate, and show as Fig. 1; It is coaxial having only the pulse tube and the regenerator of only a few refrigeration machine, shows as Fig. 2.But non-coaxial impulse pipe refrigerating machine is difficult to practical application because size is bigger; And existing coaxial impulse pipe refrigerating machine is not owing to be with throttling pore and air reservoir; Do not consider the Temperature Distribution difference between pulse tube and the regenerator yet; And has only an inlet during gas turnover pulse tube, it is inhomogeneous to flow when so just making gas turnover regenerator, thereby has increased the inhomogeneities of Temperature Distribution on pulse tube and the regenerator length direction, and increases cold draining, make that the pulse tube refrigeration engine efficiency is low, refrigerating capacity is little.Be subjected to very big restriction so in actual applications.

The purpose of this utility model is by improving structure, gas is evenly flowed, reduce various cold drainings, making pulse tube refrigeration machine technology practicability more; And, make more compact structure, be applicable on the very little space flight of many occupations of land, military affairs and the instrument and equipment and use.

Concrete structure of the present utility model is illustrated in conjunction with Fig. 3.Wherein, (1) is pressure wave generator; (2) be regenerator; (3) be cold-side heat exchanger; (4) and (6) be air deflector; (5) be pulse tube; (7) be hot-side heat exchanger; (8) be throttling pore; (9) be air reservoir; (10) be air distributing device.

This refrigeration machine that is characterised in that of the present utility model comprises: 1. coaxial impulse pipe refrigerating machine has increased throttling pore and air reservoir, shows as (8) among Fig. 3 and (9).Cryogenic temperature is reduced, reach the following warm area of liquid nitrogen or liquid nitrogen; 2. the shell of the shell of pulse tube and regenerator shows as (5) among Fig. 3 and (2), adopts the material of lower thermal conductivity to make.For example: nylon, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), quartz, fiberglass, pottery, folder wood glue cloth etc.Pulse tube itself adopts low thermal conductivity material to make, and can not only reduce and leak heat, and heat penetration is little, and the cold-storage effect is little, helps the different distributions of cryogenic temperature, and plays heat-blocking action; 3. increase the air distributing device that discharge that several dividing plates form is made by many tubules and equally distributed aperture or in the annular space of air inlet, show, can make gas pass in and out regenerator equably, thereby improve the efficient of refrigeration machine as (10) among Fig. 3; 4. throttling pore can be given the metal tube of carrying out one section flattening earlier according to the size of resistance and is loaded into, and perhaps the metal derby with a section of a pipe and a sintering replaces, and shows as (8) among Fig. 3, makes technology simple like this, and it is convenient to implement; 5. pulse tube and regenerator can also adopt the method for vacuum insulation except that the low thermal conductance material of employing is manufactured, and show as Fig. 4.Wherein, (11) are the regenerator shells; (12) be the pulse tube shell; (13) be the regenerator inner casing; (14) be the vacuum space, this space can be connected with the vacuum beyond the regenerator, also can become independent vacuum insulation system; 6. the fill method of regenerator makes according to the temperature difference and fills different copper mesh, stainless steel cloth or the nylon wires of order number, and the order scope of counting can change between 300 orders at 80 orders; 7. the volume of air reservoir is more than 10 times of pulse tube volume, shows as (9) among Fig. 3; 8. though the utility model is at obtaining the band throttling pore from room temperature to the 50K warm area and the coaxial impulse pipe refrigerating machine of air reservoir, but for the multi-stage coaxial pulse tube refrigerating machine that can obtain low temperature＜about 20K〉more or not with the almost coaxial pulse tube refrigerating machine and the non-coaxial impulse pipe refrigerating machine of throttling pore and air reservoir, in the utility model is also included within.For technical skilled people, the utility model is done various corrections also belong to scope of the present utility model.

The utility model compared with prior art has compact conformation, and cryogenic temperature is low, and refrigerating capacity is big, the advantage that refrigerating efficiency is high.

Claims

1, is used to produce the low temperature range of temperature from the room temperature to 50k, is applicable to the coaxial impulse pipe refrigerating machine of space flight, military affairs, high-temperature superconductor and electronics cooling etc., it is characterized in that it has a throttling pore or control valve; A volume is the air reservoir of pulse tube volume more than 10 times; Heat insulation layer between pulse tube and regenerator, a air distributing device, and a regenerator of filling different silk screens by the Temperature Distribution difference in the regenerator porch.

2, by the described refrigeration machine of claim 1, it is characterized in that coaxial impulse pipe and throttling pore and air reservoir combine.

3, by the described refrigeration machine of claim 1, it is characterized in that having between pulse tube and the regenerator heat insulation layer or the vacuum layer of usefulness low thermal conductivity material making, play a part heat insulation.

4,, it is characterized in that pulse tube shell and regenerator shell make anti-leak-stopping heat of low thermal conductivity material by the described refrigeration machine of claim 1.

5, by the described refrigeration machine of claim 1, it is characterized in that in the regenerator porch has by many tubules and equally distributed aperture or the annular space in air inlet, increasing the air distributing device that several dividing plates are made, gas is evenly passed in and out in the regenerator.

6,, it is characterized in that throttling pore can give the metal tube of carrying out one section pressure time earlier or made by the metal derby of section of a pipe and sintering according to the size of resistance by the described refrigeration machine of claim 1.

7, by the described refrigeration machine of claim 1, it is characterized in that regenerator by Temperature Distribution different and fill order count scope at 80 orders to copper mesh, stainless steel cloth or nylon wire different between 300 orders.