CN206180896U - Compound prisoner of piezoelectricity - electromagnetism can device based on vapour vehicle suspension - Google Patents
Compound prisoner of piezoelectricity - electromagnetism can device based on vapour vehicle suspension Download PDFInfo
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- CN206180896U CN206180896U CN201621276147.4U CN201621276147U CN206180896U CN 206180896 U CN206180896 U CN 206180896U CN 201621276147 U CN201621276147 U CN 201621276147U CN 206180896 U CN206180896 U CN 206180896U
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- magnet
- spring beam
- buckstay
- energy
- piezoelectricity
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a compound prisoner of piezoelectricity - electromagnetism can device based on vapour vehicle suspension, body establish in frame cross under and between the swing arm, including last casing, lower casing, the spring beam, first reinforcing beam and second reinforcing beam, wherein go up the casing and fix the lower part in the frame cross, the spring beam is established at the epitheca internally, the upper end of spring beam is equipped with the piezoelectric patches, the lower extreme of spring beam is equipped with first magnet, down casing setting in the correspondence of the upper portion of swing arm is down fixed to the casing, first reinforcing beam and second reinforcing beam symmetry are established at the inferior valve internally, the position of the first magnet of the corresponding spring beam in upper end of second reinforcing beam is equipped with second magnet, the outer end of second magnet is equipped with the coil, one side of coil is fixed on the second reinforcing beam. Beneficial effect: shorten charge time, be favorable to more for rechargeable battery powered, and do not change the original structure of vapour vehicle suspension, simple structure, easy maintenance.
Description
Technical field
This utility model is related to a kind of compound prisoner's energy device, and more particularly to a kind of piezoelectricity-electromagnetism based on automotive suspension is multiple
Closing prisoner can device.
Background technology
Currently, with the aggravation of energy crisis, energy-conservation becomes particularly important, and the recovery of vibrational energy is then the one of energy-conservation
Plant effective method.At present, the recovery of vibrational energy, i.e. vibrational energy are converted into electric energy mainly three kinds of modes：(1) utilize
Vibrational energy is converted to the piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric the piezoelectric type of electric energy；(2) vibrational energy is changed using electromagnetic induction phenomenon
For the electromagnetic type of electric energy；(3) vibrational energy is converted to into the electrostatic of electric energy using capacitance principle.Three kinds of vibration prisoner's energy modes respectively have
Pluses and minuses：Piezoelectric energy-capturing has the advantages that output voltage height, small volume, power density are high, is easy to miniaturization, but its bandwidth compared with
It is narrow, it is not suitable for low frequency occasion；Electromagnetism prisoner can have the advantages that impedance is big, output current is big, but its induced potential is low, it is difficult to collect
Cheng Hua；Electrostatic prisoner can have the advantages that to be easy to integrated with microelectromechanical-systems (MEMS), however require that applied voltage source and electric charge
Source, it is impossible to independent prisoner's energy, using limited.
Vehicle shock absorber energy dissipation research shows, reclaims the vibrational energy of suspension for realizing that it is great that vehicle energy saving has
Meaning.And with the development of integrated circuit, the volume of electronic equipment is less and less, the development trend of miniaturization, and its are presented
, although battery can meet the demand of micromodule equipment, there is restricted lifetime, renewal cost in the general very little of required power
It is high and be difficult to be miniaturized.If the vibration energy regeneration in automotive suspension can be got up and to lithium cell charging, then
The adverse effect that many batteries bring can be eliminated.At present, many suspension systems for planting prisoner's energy formula, such as patent have been occurred in that
201610131174 propose a kind of electromagnetism prisoner's energy system based on passive suspension, and the system is amplified by hydraulic buffer, speed
Mechanism and electromagnetism Fu Neng mechanisms constitute, and the vibrational energy of suspension is converted to into electrical power storage using electromagnetic induction principle.Specially
Profit 201410719587 proposes a kind of rolling compressing prisoner's energy device for automotive suspension, and the device is by changing amortisseur
Structure using piezoelectric effect carry out between vibrational energy and electric energy energy conversion.
Simply use a certain vibration prisoner can mode always have the shortcomings that it has, it is possible that prisoner can efficiency it is low,
Prisoner can underpower, the low problem of resonant frequency, i.e., conventional energy accumulator can only operate in first-order modal, and in most cases vapour
The frequency of vibration of suspension is change at random, once vibration source frequency is away from the natural frequency of energy accumulator, the output work of energy accumulator
Rate will be drastically reduced.Therefore in vibration prisoner's energy field, how to widen the working band of energy accumulator, increase output always weight
The problem of point concern.
The content of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is to solve the problems, such as how to widen the working band of energy accumulator, increasing output
And a kind of piezoelectricity-Electromagnetic heating prisoner's energy device based on automotive suspension for providing.
It is horizontal that the body of the piezoelectricity based on automotive suspension that this utility model is provided-Electromagnetic heating prisoner's energy device is located at vehicle frame
Between beam and lower swing arm, upper shell, lower house, spring beam, the first buckstay and the second buckstay are included, wherein upper shell is consolidated
The bottom of frame cross is scheduled on, spring beam is located in upper casing body, the upper end of spring beam is provided with piezoelectric patches, and the lower end of spring beam is provided with
First Magnet, lower house is fixed on the top correspondence upper shell of lower swing arm and arranges, and the first buckstay and the second buckstay symmetrically set
In lower casing body, the position of the upper end correspondence Magnet of spring beam first of the second buckstay is provided with the second Magnet, outside the second Magnet
End is provided with coil, and the side of coil is fixed on the second buckstay.
Dust cover is provided between upper shell and lower house.
Piezoelectric patches is fixed on spring beam in the form of twin crystal series connection, and its surface is welded with electrode and draws conduct with wire
Piezoelectric patches contact conductor, exports respectively the both positive and negative polarity of electric energy.
Return spring is additionally provided with the right side of spring beam, the lower end Magnet respective side of spring beam is provided with projection, the first buckstay
Upper end correspondence spring beam be provided with projection position be provided with several projections, spring beam and the first buckstay are carrying out moving up and down
Journey protrusions and projection can collide and promote the first Magnet side-to-side movement of spring beam lower end, and in the presence of magnetic force
The second Magnet on two buckstays equally carries out side-to-side movement in coil, and the side of the second Magnet the second buckstay of correspondence is provided with
Compression spring.
The contact conductor that piezoelectric patches is arranged is connected with the first electrical energy conversion circuit, and the electric energy that piezoelectric patches is produced is electric by first
Energy change-over circuit output, the coil of the second buckstay upper end is connected with the second electrical energy conversion circuit by the wire that two ends connect,
The electric energy that the Magnet of spring beam lower end is produced in motor process in coil is exported by the second electrical energy conversion circuit, the first electric energy
Change-over circuit and the second electrical energy conversion circuit are connected with electric energy acquisition circuit, and electric energy acquisition circuit is connected with battery or electricity
Hold, the electric energy of the first electrical energy conversion circuit and the output of the second electrical energy conversion circuit passes through electric energy acquisition circuit storage to battery or electricity
In holding.
Electric energy acquisition circuit includes first resistor, second resistance, 3rd resistor, the first electric capacity, the second electric capacity, the one or two pole
Pipe, the second diode, switch and MAX1811 chips, MAX1811 chips be provided with SELV, SELI, GND, IN, BATT, GND,
EN andEight pins, the positive pole of out-put supply connects SELV, IN, EN pin of MAX1811 chips, the negative pole of out-put supply
The GND pin of MAX1811 chips is connect, the first resistor being in series and the first diode and the first electric capacity are simultaneously connected in out-put supply
Both positive and negative polarity between, IN andSecond resistance in parallel and the second diode, in parallel between BATT and GND pin between pin
Second electric capacity, switch is located between out-put supply positive pole and 3rd resistor, and MAX1811 chips maximum charging voltage is arranged by pin
For 4.1V and 4.2V, maximum error is 0.5%, to the charging current of battery by logic control circuit be set to 100mA or
500mA, the first diode is power supply instruction, and the second diode is to charge with indicating, the bright expression of lamp is charged, and lamp goes out and represents charging
Terminate.
Operation principle of the present utility model：
When automobile is during road traveling, the vibration on road surface is delivered to automotive suspension by tire, causes automotive suspension
Hydraulic buffer up-down vibration, relative movement now can occur, and then cause spring beam between lower swing arm and frame cross
There is relative movement with the first buckstay, will mutually squeeze between the raised and projection of the first buckstay upper end on spring beam
Pressure, this can partly bring different excitations to piezoelectric energy-capturing part and electromagnetism prisoner respectively.
Piezoelectric energy-capturing part：When raised and projection relative motion is extruded, spring beam will produce certain deformation, spring beam
When moving left and right, the piezoelectric patches for driving its surface is moved left and right, i.e., it will produce certain deformation, due to piezoelectric effect pressure
Electric piece surface will produce corresponding positive and negative charge, and electric charge is drawn via the contact conductor on piezoelectric patches.Contact conductor is accessed
First electrical energy conversion circuit, the stable voltage for exporting is through electric energy acquisition circuit to lithium cell charging.
Electromagnetism prisoner can part：When raised and projection relative motion is extruded, the deformation that spring beam is produced causes the first of end
Magnet is moved left and right, and understands the second Magnet under the amplification of compression spring with faster according to the principle of Magnet homopolar-repulsion
Speed is moved left and right so that the coil cutting magnetic induction line around the second Magnet, produces bigger faradic current, and will be felt with wire
Induced current is drawn, and accesses the second electrical energy conversion circuit, and the stable voltage for exporting is through electric energy acquisition circuit to lithium cell charging.
Lithium battery can (such as pressure transducer, temperature sensor and acceleration transducer, wheel speed be passed to MEMX sensors
Sensor etc.) it is powered.
The beneficial effects of the utility model：
The piezoelectricity based on automotive suspension that this utility model is provided-Electromagnetic heating prisoner's energy device can effectively gather outstanding
The vibrational energy of frame, realizes the recycling of energy；Effectively avoid the inconvenience of automobile sensor battery altering；This device
Piezoelectric energy-capturing and electromagnetism prisoner can be incorporated into and can produce larger output current and higher output voltage together, effectively more
Piezoelectricity is mended or electromagnetism has individually captureed energy mode power deficiency less than normal, external output work has been improved under conditions of volume parameter is constant
Rate, shortens the charging interval, advantageously in rechargeable battery powered；And do not change the original structure of automotive suspension, structure
Simply, it is easy to maintenance.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that prisoner described in the utility model can device cross section structure diagram.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of spring beam in prisoner's energy device described in the utility model.
Fig. 3 is electric energy acquisition electrical block diagram described in the utility model.
1st, frame cross 2, lower swing arm 3, upper shell 4, lower house 5, spring beam
6th, the first buckstay 7, the second buckstay 8, piezoelectric patches 9, the first Magnet 10, coil
11st, dust cover 12, return spring 13, projection 14, projection 15, compression spring
16th, the second Magnet 20, first resistor 21, second resistance 22,3rd resistor
23rd, the first electric capacity 24, the second electric capacity 25, the first diode 26, the second diode
27th, switch 28, MAX1811 chips 29, hydraulic buffer.
Specific embodiment
Refer to shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3：
It is horizontal that the body of the piezoelectricity based on automotive suspension that this utility model is provided-Electromagnetic heating prisoner's energy device is located at vehicle frame
Between beam 1 and lower swing arm 2, upper shell 3, lower house 4, spring beam 5, the first buckstay 6 and the second buckstay 7 are included, wherein
Upper shell 3 is fixed on the bottom of frame cross 1, and spring beam 5 is located in upper shell 3, and the upper end of spring beam 5 is provided with piezoelectric patches 8, bullet
Property beam 5 lower end be provided with the first Magnet 9, lower house 4 is fixed on the top correspondence upper shell 3 of lower swing arm 2 and arranges, the first buckstay
6 and second buckstay 7 be symmetrically arranged in lower house 4, the portion of the first Magnet 9 on the correspondence spring beam 5 of the upper end of the second buckstay 7
Position is provided with the second Magnet 16, and the outer end of the second Magnet 16 is provided with coil 10, and the side of coil 10 is fixed on the second buckstay 7.
Dust cover 11 is covered between upper shell 3 and lower house 4.
Piezoelectric patches 8 is fixed on spring beam 5 in the form of twin crystal series connection, and its surface is welded with electrode and is drawn with wire to be made
For the contact conductor of piezoelectric patches 8, the both positive and negative polarity of electric energy is exported respectively.
The right side of spring beam 5 is additionally provided with return spring 12, and the respective side of lower end Magnet 9 of spring beam 5 is provided with raised 13, first
The upper end correspondence spring beam 5 of buckstay 6 is provided with raised 13 position and is provided with several projections 14, and the buckstay 6 of spring beam 5 and first exists
Carrying out up and down motion process protrusions 13 and projection 14 can collide and promote first Magnet 9 or so of the lower end of spring beam 5 to transport
It is dynamic, and the second Magnet 16 in the presence of magnetic force on the second buckstay 7 carries out side-to-side movement, the second Magnet 16 in coil 10
The side of the second buckstay 7 of correspondence is provided with compression spring 15.
The contact conductor that piezoelectric patches 8 is arranged is connected with the first electrical energy conversion circuit, and the electric energy that piezoelectric patches 8 is produced passes through first
Electrical energy conversion circuit is exported, and the coil 10 of the upper end of the second buckstay 7 is connected with the conversion of the second electric energy by the wire that two ends connect
Circuit, the electric energy that the Magnet 9 of the lower end of spring beam 5 is produced in motor process in coil 10 is defeated by the second electrical energy conversion circuit
Go out, the first electrical energy conversion circuit and the second electrical energy conversion circuit are connected with electric energy acquisition circuit, the connection of electric energy acquisition circuit
The electric energy for having battery or electric capacity, the first electrical energy conversion circuit and the output of the second electrical energy conversion circuit passes through electric energy acquisition circuit storage
To in battery or electric capacity.First electrical energy conversion circuit improves energy using the LTC3588 chips of Linear companies design production
Conversion efficiency, it can be directly connected to piezoelectricity, steady by internal parallel with an external capacitive commutating voltage and storage energy
Depressor, bleeds off any unnecessary electric power, and remains stable defeated by the synchronous buck regulators of the millimicro power of an efficiency high
Go out voltage, the chip internal includes rectification filtering module and DC-DC voltage reduction modules.Second electrical energy conversion circuit is public using Linear
Improving energy conversion efficiency, it is adapted to collection and manages from such as TEG (thermoelectricity the LTC3108 chips of department's design production
Generator), the dump energy of the extremely low input voltage power supply such as thermoelectric pile and small-sized solar battery, the booster type topology of the chip
Structure can the normal operation in the case of input voltage as little as 20mV, the chip internal comprising AC-AC boost modules, distillation filtering
Module and DC-DC voltage reduction modules.
Electric energy acquisition circuit includes first resistor 20, second resistance 21,3rd resistor 22, the first electric capacity 23, the second electric capacity
24th, the first diode 25, the second diode 26, switch 27 and MAX1811 chips 28, MAX1811 chips 28 be provided with SELV,
SELI, GND, IN, BATT, GND, EN andEight pins, the positive pole of out-put supply connect the SELV of MAX1811 chips 28,
IN, EN pin, the negative pole of out-put supply connects the GND pin of MAX1811 chips 28, the pole of first resistor 20 and the 1st being in series
The electric capacity 23 of pipe 25 and first is simultaneously connected between the both positive and negative polarity of out-put supply, IN andSecond resistance 21 in parallel between pin
With the second diode 26, the second electric capacity 24 in parallel between BATT and GND pin, switch 27 is located at out-put supply positive pole and the 3rd electric
Between resistance 22, the maximum charging voltage of MAX1811 chips 28 is set to 4.1V and 4.2V by pin, and maximum error is 0.5%, to electricity
The charging current in pond is set to 100mA or 500mA by logic control circuit, and the first diode 25 is power supply instruction, and the two or two
Pole pipe 26 is to charge with indicating, the bright expression of lamp is charged, and lamp goes out and represents that charging terminates.
Operation principle of the present utility model：
When automobile is during road traveling, the vibration on road surface is delivered to automotive suspension by tire, causes automotive suspension
Hydraulic buffer 29 up-down vibration, relative movement now can occur, and then cause bullet between lower swing arm 2 and frame cross 1
Property beam 5 and first buckstay 6 there is relative movement, between the projection 14 of the upper end of 13 and first buckstay of projection 6 on spring beam 5
Will mutually extrude, this can partly bring different excitations to piezoelectric energy-capturing part and electromagnetism prisoner respectively.
Piezoelectric energy-capturing part：When projection 13 and the relative motion of projection 14 are extruded, spring beam 5 will produce certain deformation,
Spring beam 5 moves left and right the piezoelectric patches 8 for driving its surface when moving left and right, i.e., it will produce certain deformation, due to pressure
The surface of electrical effect piezoelectric patches 8 will produce corresponding positive and negative charge, and electric charge is drawn via the contact conductor on piezoelectric patches 8.By electricity
Pole lead accesses the first electrical energy conversion circuit, and the stable voltage for exporting is through electric energy acquisition circuit to lithium cell charging.
Electromagnetism prisoner can part：When projection 13 and the relative motion of projection 14 are extruded, the deformation that spring beam 5 is produced causes end
First Magnet 9 is moved left and right, and according to the principle of Magnet homopolar-repulsion amplification of second Magnet 16 in compression spring 15 is understood
Under move left and right at faster speed so that the cutting magnetic induction line of coil 10 around the second Magnet 16, produce bigger faradism
Stream, and drawn faradic current with wire, the second electrical energy conversion circuit is accessed, the stable voltage of output is through electric energy acquisition electricity
Road is to lithium cell charging.
Lithium battery can (such as pressure transducer, temperature sensor and acceleration transducer, wheel speed be passed to MEMX sensors
Sensor etc.) it is powered.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of piezoelectricity-Electromagnetic heating based on automotive suspension capturees energy device, it is characterised in that：Body be located at frame cross and
Between lower swing arm, upper shell, lower house, spring beam, the first buckstay and the second buckstay are included, wherein upper shell is fixed on
The bottom of frame cross, spring beam is located in upper casing body, and the upper end of spring beam is provided with piezoelectric patches, and the lower end of spring beam is provided with first
Magnet, lower house is fixed on the top correspondence upper shell of lower swing arm and arranges, and the first buckstay and the second buckstay are symmetrically arranged at down
In housing, the position of the upper end correspondence Magnet of spring beam first of the second buckstay is provided with the second Magnet, and the outer end of the second Magnet sets
The side for having coil, coil is fixed on the second buckstay.
2. a kind of piezoelectricity-Electromagnetic heating based on automotive suspension according to claim 1 capturees energy device, it is characterised in that：
Dust cover is covered between described upper shell and lower house.
3. a kind of piezoelectricity-Electromagnetic heating based on automotive suspension according to claim 1 capturees energy device, it is characterised in that：
Described piezoelectric patches is fixed on spring beam in the form of twin crystal series connection, and its surface is welded with electrode and is drawn as pressure with wire
Electric plate electrode lead, exports respectively the both positive and negative polarity of electric energy.
4. a kind of piezoelectricity-Electromagnetic heating based on automotive suspension according to claim 1 capturees energy device, it is characterised in that：
Return spring is additionally provided with the right side of described spring beam, the lower end Magnet respective side of spring beam is provided with projection, the first buckstay
Upper end correspondence spring beam is provided with the position of projection and is provided with several projections, and spring beam and the first buckstay are carrying out up and down motion process
Protrusions and projection can collide and promote the first Magnet side-to-side movement of spring beam lower end, and second in the presence of magnetic force
The second Magnet on buckstay equally carries out side-to-side movement in coil, and the side of the second Magnet the second buckstay of correspondence is provided with pressure
Contracting spring.
5. a kind of piezoelectricity-Electromagnetic heating based on automotive suspension according to claim 1 capturees energy device, it is characterised in that：
The contact conductor that described piezoelectric patches is arranged is connected with the first electrical energy conversion circuit, and the electric energy that piezoelectric patches is produced passes through the first electric energy
Change-over circuit is exported, and the coil of the second buckstay upper end is connected with the second electrical energy conversion circuit, bullet by the wire that two ends connect
Property beam lower end the electric energy that produces in motor process in coil of Magnet exported by the second electrical energy conversion circuit, the first electric energy turns
Change circuit and the second electrical energy conversion circuit be connected with electric energy acquisition circuit, electric energy acquisition circuit is connected with battery or electric capacity,
First electrical energy conversion circuit and the electric energy of the second electrical energy conversion circuit output are by electric energy acquisition circuit storage to battery or electric capacity
It is interior.
6. a kind of piezoelectricity-Electromagnetic heating based on automotive suspension according to claim 5 capturees energy device, it is characterised in that：
Described electric energy acquisition circuit includes first resistor, second resistance, 3rd resistor, the first electric capacity, the second electric capacity, the one or two pole
Pipe, the second diode, switch and MAX1811 chips, MAX1811 chips be provided with SELV, SELI, GND, IN, BATT, GND,
EN andEight pins, the positive pole of out-put supply connects SELV, IN, EN pin of MAX1811 chips, the negative pole of out-put supply
The GND pin of MAX1811 chips is connect, the first resistor being in series and the first diode and the first electric capacity are simultaneously connected in out-put supply
Both positive and negative polarity between, IN andSecond resistance in parallel and the second diode, in parallel between BATT and GND pin between pin
Second electric capacity, switch is located between out-put supply positive pole and 3rd resistor, and MAX1811 chips maximum charging voltage is arranged by pin
For 4.1V and 4.2V, maximum error is 0.5%, to the charging current of battery by logic control circuit be set to 100mA or
500mA, the first diode is power supply instruction, and the second diode is to charge with indicating, the bright expression of lamp is charged, and lamp goes out and represents charging
Terminate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201621276147.4U CN206180896U (en) | 2016-11-25 | 2016-11-25 | Compound prisoner of piezoelectricity - electromagnetism can device based on vapour vehicle suspension |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201621276147.4U CN206180896U (en) | 2016-11-25 | 2016-11-25 | Compound prisoner of piezoelectricity - electromagnetism can device based on vapour vehicle suspension |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN206180896U true CN206180896U (en) | 2017-05-17 |
Family
ID=60241898
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201621276147.4U Withdrawn - After Issue CN206180896U (en) | 2016-11-25 | 2016-11-25 | Compound prisoner of piezoelectricity - electromagnetism can device based on vapour vehicle suspension |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN206180896U (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106452180A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-02-22 | 吉林大学 | Piezoelectric and electromagnetic composite energy-capturing device based on automotive suspension |
| CN107199920A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-09-26 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of buffer-type bus power-generation energy-storage seat |
| CN107769611A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-03-06 | 长春工业大学 | Piezoelectricity electromagnetism combined wideband energy capture device based on Vehicle Suspension Vibration |
-
2016
- 2016-11-25 CN CN201621276147.4U patent/CN206180896U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106452180A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-02-22 | 吉林大学 | Piezoelectric and electromagnetic composite energy-capturing device based on automotive suspension |
| CN107199920A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-09-26 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of buffer-type bus power-generation energy-storage seat |
| CN107199920B (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2020-08-25 | 武汉理工大学 | Buffering formula bus electricity generation energy storage seat |
| CN107769611A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-03-06 | 长春工业大学 | Piezoelectricity electromagnetism combined wideband energy capture device based on Vehicle Suspension Vibration |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned | ||
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |
Granted publication date: 20170517 Effective date of abandoning: 20180814 |