CN206099901U - Voltage -controlled temperature compensation crystal oscillator - Google Patents
Voltage -controlled temperature compensation crystal oscillator Download PDFInfo
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- CN206099901U CN206099901U CN201621126411.6U CN201621126411U CN206099901U CN 206099901 U CN206099901 U CN 206099901U CN 201621126411 U CN201621126411 U CN 201621126411U CN 206099901 U CN206099901 U CN 206099901U
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- crystal oscillator
- controlled temperature
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Abstract
The application discloses voltage -controlled temperature compensation crystal oscillator solves oscillator frequency stability and the modulation sensitivity problem of adjusting. Voltage -controlled temperature compensation crystal oscillator includes that amplifier circuit and vibration branch road, vibration branch road contain crystal, adjustable condenser network and adjustment inductance circuit, adjustable condenser network, adjustment inductance circuit and crystal are established ties mutually, contain a varactor in the adjustable condenser network, be used for changing the equivalent capacitance of adjustable condenser network, the two poles of the earth of a varactor meet a control voltage, contain the 2nd varactor in the adjustment inductance circuit, be used for changing the equivalent inductance of adjustment inductance circuit, the two poles of the earth of the 2nd varactor meet the 2nd control voltage. The utility model discloses compensating circuit and voltage -controlled circuit part, and the debugging process is disturbed for a short time, realizes simple and conveniently, guaranteeing to realize higher frequency when crystal oscillator obtains enough big voltage -controlled sensitivity the temperature steady degree, the circuit reliability is high, and the practicality is strong.
Description
Technical field
The application is related to electronic device field, more particularly to a kind of VCXO.
Background technology
Voltage controlled temperature compensated crystal oscillator (VCTCXO) is that one kind is integrated with VCXO and temperature-compensating is brilliant
The active frequencies device of oscillation body device function, by its small volume, low in energy consumption, price is low, the features such as stablizing fast, highly reliable of starting shooting
In being widely applied to the terminal devices in field such as the army and the people's communication, satellite communication, GPS, wireless telecommunications.
In order to improve the requirement of the sensitivity of VCXO, conventional method is added in crystal oscillation loop
The inductance of certain numerical value, to reduce the quality factor in loop, that is, is modulated with reducing the frequency stability of oscillator
Sensitivity is widened.Because the temperature coefficient of inductance is very big, the frequency-temperature coefficient of crystal oscillator is increased, also substantially increase electricity
The compensation difficulty on road.
Because voltage-controlled voltage and temperature-compensated voltage are acted in load capacitance, mutually pin down between its variable quantity,
Not only debugging process is relatively difficult, and the tuning range of compensation circuit can also be subject to very big while wider voltage-controlled scope is realized
Restriction, so as to affect the frequency-temperature stability of crystal oscillator.How to realize while sufficiently large voltage-controlled sensitivity is obtained compared with
High frequency-temperature stability, is the key in voltage controlled temperature compensated crystal oscillator design process.
Utility model content
The utility model proposes a kind of voltage controlled temperature compensated crystal oscillator, solves to adjust oscillator frequency stabilizing degree simultaneously
With modulation sensitivity problem.
The embodiment of the present application provides a kind of voltage controlled temperature compensated crystal oscillator, including amplifier circuit and vibration branch road,
The vibration branch road includes crystal, tunable capacitor circuit and controllable impedance circuit；The amplifier circuit includes oscillating tube, positive and negative
Feedback branch road；The positive feedback branch and the vibration branch circuit parallel connection, constitute oscillation circuit；The tunable capacitor circuit, adjustable electric
Inductive circuit and the crystal are mutually in series；The first varactor is included in the tunable capacitor circuit, for change it is described can
The equivalent capacity of condenser network is adjusted, the two poles of the earth of first varactor connect the first control voltage；The controllable impedance circuit
In the capacitive branch comprising inductance and the inductance in parallel；The second varactor is included in the capacitive branch, for changing
The equivalent inductance of the controllable impedance circuit, the two poles of the earth of second varactor connect the second control voltage.
The operating frequency of the voltage controlled temperature compensated crystal oscillator is between 10-100MHz；The controllable impedance circuit
Parallel resonance frequency 15%-80% bigger than the operating frequency.
Preferably, the tunable capacitor circuit also includes the first electric capacity；First capacitances in series is in first transfiguration
Between diode and the controllable impedance circuit.
Preferably, the controllable impedance circuit includes inductance, the second electric capacity；Second varactor and described second
Capacitances in series, constitutes capacitive branch；The inductance and the capacitive branch are in parallel.
It is further preferred that the positive pole of first control voltage is connected to the pole of the first transfiguration two by first resistor
The negative pole of pipe；The negative pole of first control voltage is connected to the positive pole of first varactor by second resistance.
It is further preferred that the positive pole of second control voltage is connected to the pole of the second transfiguration two by 3rd resistor
The negative pole of pipe；The negative pole of second control voltage is connected to the positive pole of second varactor by the 4th resistance.
As the embodiment that the utility model further optimizes, the 3rd electric capacity is included in the vibration branch road；Described 3rd
Capacitances in series between the tunable capacitor circuit and the amplifier circuit, for first control voltage to be put with described
Big device circuit is isolated, or the 3rd capacitances in series is used between the controllable impedance circuit and the amplifier circuit
Second control voltage is isolated with the amplifier circuit.
In the voltage controlled temperature compensated oscillator of the embodiment of the present application, also comprising a kind of amplifier circuit, the amplifier electricity
Road includes oscillating tube, biasing resistor, positive feedback branch；The positive feedback branch and the vibration branch circuit parallel connection, composition vibrates back
Road.Preferably, the oscillating tube is NPN triode；The biasing resistor includes the 5th resistance, the 6th resistance；Described 5th is electric
The colelctor electrode of the termination of resistance one oscillating tube, another termination direct voltage source；6th resistance one terminates the oscillating tube
Emitter stage, other end ground connection；The positive feedback branch includes the 5th electric capacity, the 6th electric capacity；5th electric capacity one terminates described
The base stage of oscillating tube, the emitter stage of another termination oscillating tube；6th electric capacity one terminates the emitter stage of the oscillating tube,
The other end is grounded.It is corresponding with the present embodiment, it is preferable that in voltage controlled temperature compensated oscillator of the present utility model, the vibration
Branch road one terminates the base stage of the oscillating tube, other end ground connection.
It is further preferred that the amplifier circuit includes the 4th electric capacity；4th electric capacity one terminates the oscillating tube
Colelctor electrode, the other end is circuit output end.
Above-mentioned at least one technical scheme that the embodiment of the present application is adopted can reach following beneficial effect：Temperature-compensating electricity
Road and voltage-controlled circuit separate, and debugging process interference is little, realizes simple and convenient.Can by adjusting voltage-controlled voltage (the first control voltage)
Larger equivalent load capacitance variable quantity is obtained, very wide voltage-controlled tuning range is realized, the voltage-controlled sensitivity of oscillating circuit is increased.
Change the equivalent inductance of oscillation circuit by adjusting temperature-compensated voltage (the second control voltage), in the change of temperature-compensated voltage
In the range of approximate linear frequency modulation, improve compensation precision, obtain higher frequency-temperature stability.In voltage-controlled voltage and temperature
When offset voltage changes, amplifier circuit operating point is unaffected, and the reliability of circuit is high.Therefore, the utility model is ensureing
Crystal oscillator is capable of achieving higher frequency-temperature stability, circuit reliability while obtaining sufficiently large voltage-controlled sensitivity
Height, with stronger practicality.
Description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing described herein is used for providing further understanding of the present application, constitutes the part of the application, this Shen
Schematic description and description please does not constitute the improper restriction to the application for explaining the application.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is traditional voltage controlled temperature compensation crystal oscillator design；
Fig. 2 is the utility model voltage controlled temperature compensated crystal oscillator embodiment schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is that the utility model includes a kind of embodiment of amplifier circuit；
Fig. 4 is to vibrate the embodiment schematic diagram comprising capacitance between branch road and amplifier circuit；
Fig. 5 is the utility model control voltage and equivalent capacity, the embodiment of equivalent inductance scope.
Specific embodiment
To make purpose, technical scheme and the advantage of the application clearer, below in conjunction with the application specific embodiment and
Corresponding accompanying drawing is clearly and completely described to technical scheme.Obviously, described embodiment is only the application one
Section Example, rather than the embodiment of whole.Based on the embodiment in the application, those of ordinary skill in the art are not doing
Go out the every other embodiment obtained under the premise of creative work, belong to the scope of the application protection.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the technical scheme that each embodiment of the application is provided is described in detail.
Fig. 1 is traditional voltage controlled temperature compensation crystal oscillator design, there is shown a crystalliferous part is wrapped in pierce circuit
Road, in the design of traditional voltage controlled temperature compensation crystal oscillator, voltage-controlled circuit and temperature-compensation circuit are by adjusting transfiguration two
The voltage at pole pipe two ends changing the load capacitance (CL) of oscillating circuit, so as to realize voltage-controlled frequency modulation and temperature-compensating frequency modulation, by
In voltage-controlled voltage and offset voltage acted in load capacitance, mutually pind down between its variable quantity, not only debugging process ratio
More difficult, the tuning range of compensation circuit also can be very restricted while wide voltage-controlled scope is realized, so as to affect crystalline substance
The frequency-temperature stability shaken.
Fig. 2 is the utility model voltage controlled temperature compensated crystal oscillator embodiment schematic diagram.Voltage-controlled temperature of the present utility model
Degree compensated crystal oscillator, including amplifier circuit 1 and vibration branch road 2, the vibration branch road 2 includes crystal X, tunable capacitor electricity
Road 3 and controllable impedance circuit 4；The tunable capacitor circuit, controllable impedance circuit and the crystal are mutually in series；The adjustable electric
The first varactor D1 is included in capacitive circuit, for changing the equivalent capacity of the tunable capacitor circuit, first transfiguration
The two poles of the earth of diode connect the first control voltage V1；The second varactor D2 is included in the controllable impedance circuit, for changing
The equivalent inductance of the controllable impedance circuit, the two poles of the earth of second varactor connect the second control voltage V2.
" vibration branch road " defined in the utility model, is a part for crystal-oscillator circuit.Oscillating circuit it is general
Principle is to build oscillation circuit between each pole of oscillating tube (such as NPN transistors), meets starting condition for oscillation.This practicality is new
Branch road is vibrated described in type, is a part for the oscillation circuit.The other parts of the oscillation circuit are included in the amplifier
In circuit, it is not specifically limited in the embodiment depicted in figure 2.
The tunable capacitor circuit also includes the first electric capacity C1；First capacitances in series is in first varactor
And the controllable impedance circuit between.
The controllable impedance circuit includes inductance L, the second electric capacity C2；Second varactor and second electric capacity
Series connection, constitutes capacitive branch；The inductance and the capacitive branch are in parallel.
Further, the positive pole of first control voltage is connected to first varactor by first resistor R1
Negative pole；The negative pole of first control voltage is connected to the positive pole of first varactor by second resistance R2.Institute
The positive pole for stating the second control voltage is connected to the negative pole of second varactor by 3rd resistor R3；Second control
The negative pole of voltage is connected to the positive pole of second varactor by the 4th resistance R4.Fig. 3 is that the utility model includes one
Plant the embodiment of amplifier circuit.
In the voltage controlled temperature compensated oscillator of the embodiment of the present application, also comprising a kind of amplifier circuit 1, the amplifier electricity
Road includes oscillating tube Q1, biasing resistor, positive feedback branch 5；The positive feedback branch 5 is in parallel with the vibration branch road 2, and composition is shaken
Swing loop.
Preferably, the oscillating tube Q1 is NPN triode；The biasing resistor includes the 5th resistance R5, the 6th resistance R6；
5th resistance one terminates the colelctor electrode of the oscillating tube, another termination direct voltage source；6th resistance one terminates institute
State the emitter stage of oscillating tube, other end ground connection；The positive feedback branch includes the 5th electric capacity, the 6th electric capacity；5th electric capacity
The base stage of the one termination oscillating tube, the emitter stage of another termination oscillating tube；6th electric capacity one terminates the vibration
The emitter stage of pipe, other end ground connection.Preferably, it is corresponding with the present embodiment, voltage controlled temperature compensated oscillator of the present utility model
Vibration branch road 2 one terminate the base stage of the oscillating tube, other end ground connection.
Preferably, circuit of the present utility model also includes the 4th electric capacity C4；4th electric capacity one terminates the oscillating tube
The colelctor electrode of Q1, the other end is circuit output end.
With reference to the embodiment of Fig. 2-3, a specific embodiment of the present utility model is employed the following technical solutions：It includes
Crystal X, inductance L, triode Q1, resistance R1-R6, electric capacity C1-C6, varactor D1-D2, first resistor R1 one end respectively with
One end connection of the negative pole of the first varactor D1, the first electric capacity C1, the positive pole of the first varactor D1 is respectively with the 3rd
One end of electric capacity C3, one end connection of second resistance R2, the other end of the 3rd electric capacity C3 one end respectively with the 6th electric capacity C6, the
One end connection of six resistance R6 and it is grounded, the other end of the first electric capacity C1 one end, the second varactor D2 respectively with inductance L
Negative pole, one end connection of 3rd resistor R3, the other end of inductance L one end respectively with the second electric capacity C2, one end of crystal X connect
Connect, the positive pole of the second varactor D2 one end respectively with the 4th resistance R4, the other end of the second electric capacity C2 are connected, crystal X
Other end one end respectively with the 5th electric capacity C5, the base stage of triode Q1 be connected, the other end of the 5th electric capacity C5 is respectively with
The other end of six electric capacity C6, the emitter stage of triode Q1, the other end connection of the 6th resistance R6, the colelctor electrode difference of triode Q1
One end of one end, the 5th resistance R5 with the 4th electric capacity C4 is connected.
Fig. 4 is to vibrate the embodiment schematic diagram comprising capacitance between branch road and amplifier circuit.It is new as this practicality
The embodiment that type further optimizes, includes the 3rd electric capacity C3 in the vibration branch road 2；Fig. 4 (a) represents the 3rd electric capacity C3 strings
It is associated between the tunable capacitor circuit 3 and the amplifier circuit 1, for by first control voltage V1 and the amplification
Device circuit is isolated；Fig. 4 (b) represent the 3rd electric capacity C3 be connected on the controllable impedance circuit 4 and the amplifier circuit 1 it
Between, for second control voltage V2 to be isolated with the amplifier circuit.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 (a), (b), with
Accordingly, the crystal X is series at the other end of the vibration branch road for the position of the 3rd electric capacity.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that when the crystal X is series at the tunable capacitor circuit and the adjustable electric
When between inductive circuit, between the controllable impedance circuit and the amplifier circuit and the tunable capacitor circuit with
Between the amplifier circuit, capacitance of connecting is required to.It is then now the technical scheme of two kind of the 3rd electric capacity shown in Fig. 4
Combination, still falls within the scope of the utility model protection.It should be noted that：The utility model is 10- for operating frequency
The crystal-oscillator circuit of 100MHz can be applied, different according to the operating frequency, the first varactor, the second transfiguration two
Pole pipe, the second electric capacity value between 5pF to 500pF.Wherein, the parallel resonance frequency of the controllable impedance circuit is more than described
The operating frequency of crystal-oscillator circuit.
When the parallel resonance frequency is more than the operating frequency, the height of parallel resonance frequency can affect control voltage model
Enclose, regulating frequency sensitivity, the linearity.Additionally, the aberrations in property of components and parts is with environmental change.Therefore, if parallel resonance frequency
Rate near operating frequency when, circuit reliability is reduced, equivalent inductance value is with voltage change is excessively sensitive, the linearity is bad；If
Parallel resonance frequency away from operating frequency when, control voltage adjusting range increase, sensitivity decrease.Consider voltage control model
Enclose, the linearity, regulating frequency sensitivity, the parallel resonance frequency of controllable impedance circuit is than described described in the utility model scheme
The big 15%-80% of operating frequency.
Fig. 5 is the utility model control voltage and equivalent capacity, the embodiment of equivalent inductance scope.With the operating frequency
As a example by 60MHz frequencies, controllable impedance circuit in parallel resonant frequency is adjusted about in the range of 75-90MHz.First transfiguration two
Pole pipe, the second varactor adopt capacitance variations scope for the varactor of 5pF-50pF.The tunable capacitor circuit
With the first control voltage variation relation such as Fig. 5 (a) Suo Shi, the first control voltage adjusting range is about (0.5- to equivalent capacity C
5V), regulating frequency sensitivity is 7.3-8kHz/V.Equivalent inductance L of the controllable impedance circuit and second control voltage
Shown in variation relation such as Fig. 5 (b), the second control voltage adjusting range is about (0.5-3.5V), and regulating frequency sensitivity is
1.8kHz/V。
The embodiment of the present application is obtained larger equivalent load capacitance by adjusting voltage-controlled voltage (i.e. the first control voltage)
Variable quantity, so as to be capable of achieving very wide voltage-controlled tuning range, increases the voltage-controlled sensitivity of oscillating circuit.Mended by adjusting temperature
The equivalent inductance that voltage (i.e. the second control voltage) changes oscillation circuit is repaid, is in approximately in the excursion of temperature-compensated voltage
Linear frequency modulation, can further improve compensation precision, so as to obtain higher frequency-temperature stability.The utility model is ensureing
Crystal oscillator is capable of achieving higher frequency-temperature stability, circuit reliability while obtaining sufficiently large voltage-controlled sensitivity
Height, with stronger practicality.As one embodiment of the present utility model, when operating frequency is 60MHz, realize -55 DEG C -
In+85 DEG C of temperature ranges, frequency temperature stability is within ± 1ppm；When voltage-controlled voltage and temperature-compensated voltage change, instead
Feedback branch road (the 5th electric capacity, the 6th electric capacity) keeps constant, and amplifier circuit operating point is unaffected, and oscillator stage output is stable, really
The reliability of circuit is protected, voltage-controlled total frequency deviation is better than 30kHz, and phase noise is -135dBc/Hz@1kHz.
Also, it should be noted that term " including ", "comprising" or its any other variant are intended to nonexcludability
Comprising so that a series of process, method, commodity or equipment including key elements not only includes those key elements, but also wrapping
Other key elements being not expressly set out are included, or also includes intrinsic for this process, method, commodity or equipment wanting
Element.In the absence of more restrictions, the key element for being limited by sentence "including a ...", it is not excluded that wanting including described
Also there is other identical element in process, method, commodity or the equipment of element.
Embodiments herein is the foregoing is only, the application is not limited to.For those skilled in the art
For, the application can have various modifications and variations.All any modification, equivalents made within spirit herein and principle
Replace, improve etc., within the scope of should be included in claims hereof.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of voltage controlled temperature compensated crystal oscillator, including amplifier circuit and vibration branch road, the vibration branch road includes crystalline substance
Body, tunable capacitor circuit and controllable impedance circuit；The amplifier circuit includes oscillating tube, positive feedback branch；The positive feedback
Branch road and the vibration branch circuit parallel connection, constitute oscillation circuit；Characterized in that,
The tunable capacitor circuit, controllable impedance circuit and the crystal are mutually in series；
The first varactor is included in the tunable capacitor circuit, for changing the equivalent capacity of the tunable capacitor circuit,
The two poles of the earth of first varactor connect the first control voltage；
Capacitive branch comprising inductance and the inductance in parallel in the controllable impedance circuit；Comprising the in the capacitive branch
Two varactors, for changing the equivalent inductance of the controllable impedance circuit, the two poles of the earth of second varactor connect
Two control voltages.
2. voltage controlled temperature compensated crystal oscillator as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that
The tunable capacitor circuit also includes the first electric capacity；
First capacitances in series is between first varactor and the controllable impedance circuit.
3. voltage controlled temperature compensated crystal oscillator as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that
The controllable impedance circuit includes the second electric capacity；
Second varactor and second capacitances in series, constitute the capacitive branch.
4. voltage controlled temperature compensated crystal oscillator as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that
The positive pole of first control voltage is connected to the negative pole of first varactor by first resistor；
The negative pole of first control voltage is connected to the positive pole of first varactor by second resistance.
5. voltage controlled temperature compensated crystal oscillator as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that
The positive pole of second control voltage is connected to the negative pole of second varactor by 3rd resistor；
The negative pole of second control voltage is connected to the positive pole of second varactor by the 4th resistance.
6. the voltage controlled temperature compensated crystal oscillator as described in claim 1-5 any one, it is characterised in that
The 3rd electric capacity is included in the vibration branch road；
3rd capacitances in series between the tunable capacitor circuit and the amplifier circuit, for by described first control
Voltage is isolated with the amplifier circuit, or
3rd capacitances in series between the controllable impedance circuit and the amplifier circuit, for by described second control
Voltage is isolated with the amplifier circuit.
7. the voltage controlled temperature compensated crystal oscillator as described in claim 1-5 any one, it is characterised in that
The operating frequency of the voltage controlled temperature compensated crystal oscillator is between 10-100MHz；
The parallel resonance frequency 15%-80% bigger than the operating frequency of the controllable impedance circuit.
8. voltage controlled temperature compensated crystal oscillator as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that；
The oscillating tube is NPN triode；
The amplifier circuit also includes the 5th resistance, the 6th resistance；
5th resistance one terminates the colelctor electrode of the oscillating tube, another termination direct voltage source；
6th resistance one terminates the emitter stage of the oscillating tube, other end ground connection；
The positive feedback branch includes the 5th electric capacity, the 6th electric capacity；
5th electric capacity one terminates the base stage of the oscillating tube, the emitter stage of another termination oscillating tube；
6th electric capacity one terminates the emitter stage of the oscillating tube, other end ground connection.
9. voltage controlled temperature compensated crystal oscillator as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that
The vibration branch road one terminates the base stage of the oscillating tube, other end ground connection.
10. the voltage controlled temperature compensated crystal oscillator as described in claim 8-9 any one, it is characterised in that；
The amplifier circuit includes the 4th electric capacity；
4th electric capacity one terminates the colelctor electrode of the oscillating tube, and the other end is circuit output end.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201621126411.6U CN206099901U (en) | 2016-10-14 | 2016-10-14 | Voltage -controlled temperature compensation crystal oscillator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201621126411.6U CN206099901U (en) | 2016-10-14 | 2016-10-14 | Voltage -controlled temperature compensation crystal oscillator |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN206099901U true CN206099901U (en) | 2017-04-12 |
Family
ID=58484160
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201621126411.6U Withdrawn - After Issue CN206099901U (en) | 2016-10-14 | 2016-10-14 | Voltage -controlled temperature compensation crystal oscillator |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN206099901U (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106374836A (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-02-01 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Voltage-controlled temperature-compensated crystal oscillator |
| CN107809216A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-03-16 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | A kind of pressure-sensitive compensation circuit of OCXO and OCXO frequency pressure-sensitive character ameliorative ways |
-
2016
- 2016-10-14 CN CN201621126411.6U patent/CN206099901U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106374836A (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-02-01 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Voltage-controlled temperature-compensated crystal oscillator |
| CN106374836B (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2023-07-28 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Voltage-controlled temperature compensation crystal oscillator |
| CN107809216A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-03-16 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | A kind of pressure-sensitive compensation circuit of OCXO and OCXO frequency pressure-sensitive character ameliorative ways |
| CN107809216B (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2021-09-03 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | OCXO pressure-sensitive compensation circuit and OCXO frequency pressure-sensitive characteristic improvement method |
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