CN206092258U - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides an internal combustion engine, which comprises a bod, glow plug or spark plug, and fuel injection system, the organism includes the cylinder block and head, fuel injection system includes injection pump and sprayer, the injection pump includes pump body and plunger, the pump body is equipped with a plunger hole and a lubrication passage, a lubrication passage self -pumping is originally external to be run through the pump body and leads to the plunger hole, a lubrication passage is at export towards the plunger of plunger hole department, the sprayer includes sprayer body and needle valve, the sprayer body is equipped with needle valve hole and the 2nd lubrication passage, the 2nd lubrication passage self -blowing oil ware is originally external to be run through the sprayer body and leads to the needle valve hole, the 2nd lubrication passage is at export towards the needle valve of needle valve hole department. The utility model discloses a when internal combustion engine uses low viscosity fuel, can enough compensate low viscosity fuel and can not form the not enough of self -lubricating and self sealss, need not again to adding the additive in the low viscosity fuel to avoided new emission pollutant to produce, made internal combustion engine satisfy emission standard.

Description

Internal combustion engine

Technical field

The utility model is related to technical field of vehicle, more particularly to a kind of internal combustion engine.

Background technology

Internal combustion engine is a kind of dynamic power machine, and it is that, in machine internal-combustion, and the heat energy released is direct by fuel Be converted to the Thermal Motor of power.Internal combustion engine is widely used in national economy all trades and professions, such as automobile, agricultural machinery, engineering machine Tool, ship, train, aviation, naval vessel and battlebus etc..

Existing internal combustion engine can be divided into gasoline engine, diesel engine etc. according to the difference using fuel, wherein, gasoline engine uses gasoline Used as fuel, diesel engine uses diesel oil as fuel, and the viscosity of gasoline is less than the viscosity (3kg/ms to 8kg/ms) of diesel oil, Belong to low-viscosity fuel for diesel oil.As petroleum-based energy is increasingly reduced, environmental pollution is increasingly serious, seeks a kind of energy The New-type fuel for substituting traditional fuel such as diesel oil, gasoline is very urgent.Jing numerous studies find, the not first with oil as raw material The fuel such as alcohol, ethanol, dimethyl ether have discharge less, low expense, energy diversification, so as to improving the advantages such as national energy security Can be used as preferable alternative fuel.The viscosity of the alternative fuel such as methyl alcohol, ethanol, dimethyl ether again smaller than diesel oil viscosity, thus together Gasoline equally falls within low-viscosity fuel, if however, directly above-mentioned low-viscosity fuel to be used on existing diesel engine universal There is internal combustion engine start difficult, plunger and bare of injection pump abrasion, Performance of Fuel Injection Nozzle abrasion and fuel leakage etc. easily occur and ask Topic.

Wherein, the viscosity of low-viscosity fuel is less, it is impossible to the plunger and bare of injection pump, fuel injector in fuel injection system Self-lubricating and self sealss are formed using fuel in pintle nozzle match-ing parts, thus plunger and bare of injection pump abrasion, oil-fuel injector needle-valve easily occurs Matching part abrasion and the problem of fuel leakage.Although viscosity can be improved so as to solve by adding additive into low-viscosity fuel Certainly the problems referred to above, but this can bring other problem, for example, in combustion additive can produce it is new discharge pollutants, Discharge standard is not met, and the additive product for depositing can gradually thicken, and cause plunger and bare of injection pump and fuel injector needle Valve coupling bonding is stuck, durability is affected, so as to hinder the application of low-viscosity fuel.

In view of the foregoing, need a kind of improved internal combustion engine of offer badly to use above-mentioned low-viscosity fuel.

Utility model content

Problem to be solved in the utility model is：When existing diesel engine uses low-viscosity fuel, easily there is injection pump Wear of Plunger Pair, Performance of Fuel Injection Nozzle abrasion and fuel leakage, and the problem of difficulty in starting, the low-viscosity fuel it is viscous Degree is less than diesel oil, and it can be alternative fuel and the gasoline such as methyl alcohol, ethanol, dimethyl ether.

To solve the above problems, the utility model provides a kind of internal combustion engine, including：Body, including cylinder block and lid set Cylinder head in the cylinder block, is provided with piston in the cylinder body, the cylinder block, cylinder head and piston surround cylinder； Glow plug or spark plug, in the cylinder head, and stretch in the cylinder；Fuel injection system, including by pipeline The injection pump and fuel injector of connection, on the conveying direction of fuel, the injection pump is located at the upstream of fuel injector, the fuel injector In the cylinder head and stretch in the cylinder, wherein：The injection pump includes pump body and plunger, the pump body Plunger hole and the first lubrication channel are provided with, the plunger is axially displaceably located in the plunger hole, first lubrication is logical Road originally runs through in vitro the pump body and leads to the plunger hole from the pump, the first lubrication channel going out at plunger hole Mouth is towards the plunger；The fuel injector includes injector body and needle-valve, and the injector body is provided with needle valve hole and second Lubrication channel, the needle-valve is axially displaceably located in the needle valve hole, and second lubrication channel is from the fuel injector sheet Run through the injector body in vitro and lead to the needle valve hole, outlet of second lubrication channel at needle valve hole is towards institute State needle-valve.

Alternatively, first lubrication channel includes first lubrication groove and the first lubrication hole of connection, in the defeated of lubricating oil Send on direction, first lubrication groove is located at the downstream of the first lubrication hole；

First lubrication groove mutually passes to the outlet as first lubrication channel with the plunger hole, and around described Plunger.

Alternatively, the first check valve is provided with first lubrication hole, first check valve is used for one direction to be opened makes Lubricating oil is flowed in first lubrication groove；

The pump body is additionally provided with the first charging hole, the first discharge opening and the first material transfer hole, wherein：

First charging hole, first discharge opening are communicated with the top of the plunger hole, and first charging hole is supplied Fuel flows into the top of the plunger hole, and first discharge opening flows out for the fuel at the top of the plunger hole, and by pipeline Connect with the fuel injector；

The one end in the first material transfer hole with communicate at the top of the plunger hole, the other end and the first lubrication hole phase It is logical, it is provided with the first transmission block in the first material transfer hole, the first transmission block can flow out from the top of the plunger hole Fuel pressure is acted on and moved back and forth under the lubricating oil pressure effect of first lubrication hole outflow.

Alternatively, second lubrication channel includes second lubrication groove and the second lubrication hole of connection, in the defeated of lubricating oil Send on direction, second lubrication groove is located at the downstream of the second lubrication hole；

Second lubrication groove mutually passes to the outlet as second lubrication channel with the needle valve hole, and around described Needle-valve.

Alternatively, the second check valve is provided with second lubrication hole, second check valve is used for one direction to be opened makes Lubricating oil is flowed in second lubrication groove；

The injector body is additionally provided with the second charging hole and the second material transfer hole, wherein：

Second charging hole is connected by pipeline with the injection pump, so that the injection pump delivers fuel to oil spout Device；

The one end in the second material transfer hole communicates with second charging hole, the other end is communicated with second lubrication hole, The second transmission block is provided with the second material transfer hole, the second transmission block can be in the fuel pressure flowed out from second charging hole Power is acted on and moved back and forth under the lubricating oil pressure effect of second lubrication hole outflow.

Alternatively, the fuel injection system also includes oil transfer pump, is connected with the injection pump by pipeline, in fuel On conveying direction, the oil transfer pump is located at the upstream of injection pump, and the operating pressure of the oil transfer pump is less than the work of the injection pump Make pressure.

Alternatively, the fuel injection system also includes fuel tank, is connected with the oil transfer pump by pipeline, in fuel On conveying direction, the fuel tank is located at the upstream of oil transfer pump.

Alternatively, the fuel tank has at least two fuel cavities isolated from one another, is used between each described fuel cavity Hold different types of fuel；

The fuel injection system also includes control valve, and the control valve has oil-out and at least two oil-ins, institute State oil-out to connect with the oil transfer pump by pipeline, the oil-in is corresponded and by pipeline connection with fuel cavity；

The control valve is used for：Fuel type optional directive is received in the electronic-controlled installation of the fuel injection system When, the oil-out is controlled according to the instruction of electronic-controlled installation output and is connected with one of oil-in, it is described wherein One oil-in and the fuel cavity connection for being contained with corresponding kind of class A fuel A.

Alternatively, the fuel injection system also includes electronic-controlled installation, and the electronic-controlled installation is used to receive To internal combustion engine starting order when, control glow plug heating or plug ignition, the injection pump is used for according to the electricity The fuel injection pulse signal conveying fuel that sub- control device sends.

Compared with prior art, the technical solution of the utility model has advantages below：

First lubrication channel is arranged in vivo by the pump sheet in injection pump, and elevated pressures are conveyed into the first lubrication channel Lubricating oil, can make lubricating oil flow into plunger hole hole wall and plunger between minim gap and form oil film, with to plunger The hole wall and plunger (i.e. plunger matching parts) in hole carries out forced feed lubrication and sealing.By arranging in the injector body of fuel injector Two lubrication channels, and the lubricating oil of elevated pressures is conveyed into the second lubrication channel, lubricating oil can be made to flow into the hole of needle valve hole Minim gap between wall and needle-valve simultaneously forms oil film, to carry out pressure profit to the hole wall and needle-valve of needle valve hole (i.e. pintle nozzle match-ing parts) Sliding and sealing.So, when internal combustion engine uses low-viscosity fuel, such as gasoline or alternative fuel are (such as methyl alcohol, ethanol, dimethyl ether Deng) when, can either make up low-viscosity fuel can not form self-lubricating and self-packing deficiency, and without the need for adding into low-viscosity fuel Enter additive, it is to avoid the new generation that discharges pollutants, make internal combustion engine meet discharge standard.

In addition, by arranging glow plug or spark plug in cylinder head, can be to the fuel of mist state in cylinder and air institute The gaseous mixture of formation provides heat energy, so that mixture combustion.When internal combustion engine uses respectively low viscous alternative fuel (such as first Alcohol, ethanol, dimethyl ether etc.), gasoline when, low viscosity alternative fuel can be made up in physicochemical properties such as Cetane number, the latent heats of vaporization The deficiency that upper and diesel oil has differences so that internal combustion engine can smoothly start.Thus, the utility model is solved in existing diesel oil Combustion engine uses plunger and bare of injection pump abrasion, Performance of Fuel Injection Nozzle abrasion and the fuel existed when alternative fuel and gasoline and lets out Leakage, and the problem of difficulty in starting, realize application of the alternative fuel in internal combustion engine.

Description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the rough schematic view of internal combustion engine in one embodiment of the present utility model, and the dotted arrow in figure represents combustion The conveying direction of material；

Fig. 2 is the arrangement schematic diagram of fuel injector, glow plug in cylinder head in one embodiment of the present utility model；

Fig. 3 is the partial simplified schematic diagram of injection pump in one embodiment of the present utility model, the dotted arrow table in figure Show the direction of motion of plunger；

Fig. 4 is the rough schematic view of fuel injector in one embodiment of the present utility model.

Specific embodiment

It is understandable to enable above-mentioned purpose of the present utility model, feature and advantage to become apparent from, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to this The specific embodiment of utility model is described in detail.

A kind of internal combustion engine is present embodiments provided, it can not only use traditional diesel fuel, moreover it is possible to use low viscosity combustion Material, such as methyl alcohol, ethanol, dimethyl ether alternative fuel and gasoline, these alternative fuel high energy efficiencies, low stain, low cost, the energy are more Unitization and energy security, therefore, the internal combustion engine has a good application prospect.It should be noted that, in technology of the present utility model In scheme, so-called low-viscosity fuel refers to fuel of the viscosity less than diesel oil.With reference to shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 2, the internal combustion engine includes body 1 and fuel injection system P.Wherein：

Body 1 includes the cylinder head 11 that cylinder block 10 and lid are located in cylinder block 10, and piston (mark) may move status In cylinder block 10, cylinder block 10, cylinder head 11 and piston surround cylinder 12, and fuel burns so as to produce driving in cylinder 12 The power of piston movement.

Fuel injection system P is used to deliver fuel in cylinder 12, and including the He of injection pump 6 connected by pipeline 9 Fuel injector 7, on the conveying direction (as indicated by a dashed arrow in the figure) of fuel, injection pump 6 is located at the upstream of fuel injector 7, oil spout Device 7 is arranged in cylinder head 11 and stretches in cylinder 12.Fuel is delivered to after fuel injector 7 from injection pump 6, and fuel injector 7 is to cylinder 12 fuel for spraying mist state, the gaseous mixture mixed by fuel and air in cylinder 12 output kinetic energy Jing after burning.

It has been investigated that, the difficulty in starting when diesel engine uses alternative fuel (such as methyl alcohol, ethanol, dimethyl ether etc.) Reason is：Alternative fuel has differences with diesel oil on the physicochemical properties such as Cetane number, the latent heat of vaporization.It is big for the latent heat of vaporization And the low alternative fuel of Cetane number, such as methyl alcohol, it can absorb amount of heat when spraying in cylinder 12, cause in cylinder 12 and mix The sharp temperature drop of gas is closed, the concentration of gaseous state alternative fuel drastically declines in gaseous mixture, only a small amount of fuel vaporization, and part Mist state fuel is attached on piston-top surface and cylinder wall.It is attached to the fuel on piston-top surface and cylinder wall to absorb after heat from it Re-evaporation, this is that typical wall-film evaporates the process to form gaseous mixture, near wall fuel because anoxic can not be abundant Burning, thus the startability of internal combustion engine is poor, and discharge not up to standard.

In order to solve the problem, glow plug 2 is also provided with internal combustion engine of the present utility model, glow plug 2 is arranged on cylinder On lid 11, and stretch in cylinder 12.Glow plug 2 can provide heat energy so that the mist state fuel sprayed in cylinder 12 can be in air Evaporate rapidly in flowing, and with cylinder 12 in air it is full and uniform be mixed to form gaseous mixture, gaseous mixture is combustion-supporting glow plug 2 The lower burning of effect.For example, when internal combustion engine burning methanol, the mist state methyl alcohol sprayed in cylinder 12 reaches 673K to 773K in temperature Hot-air flowing in evaporate rapidly, the homogeneous mixture contact surface temperature of formation reaches the glow plug 2 of more than 973K and is helped Combustion, realizes high-efficiency low-pollution ground burning methanol.So, when internal combustion engine uses respectively low viscous alternative fuel (such as first Alcohol, ethanol, dimethyl ether etc.), gasoline when, low viscosity alternative fuel can be made up in physicochemical properties such as Cetane number, the latent heats of vaporization The deficiency that upper and diesel oil has differences so that internal combustion engine can smoothly start.Certainly, internal combustion engine of the present utility model also can be used Diesel oil.

In the present embodiment, exhaust duct (not shown) of the glow plug 2 in cylinder head 11, and glow plug 2 and fuel injector 7 It is symmetrical with regard to the line of centres of the enterprising valve of cylinder head 11 and exhaust valve (not shown), so as to be used for arranging electric heating in cylinder head 11 The perforate (mark) and the perforate (mark) for arranging fuel injector 7 for filling in 2 is also symmetrical arranged so that the structure of cylinder head 11 Substantially symmetric, mechanical performance is more balanced.

In the alternative of the present embodiment, glow plug 2 replaces with spark plug, and it passes through igniting can provide heat energy so that Gaseous mixture burns under the combustion-supporting effect of spark plug.

Injection pump 6 and fuel injector 7 are the precision parts in internal combustion engine, need to be lubricated, and to reduce abrasion, are extended Service life.In addition, injection pump 6 and fuel injector 7 also need to be sealed, to prevent fuel from leaking, the injection pressure of fuel is improved Power, so as to reducing discharging, saving fuel.The lubrication and sealing of injection pump 6 are introduced first below, then to fuel injector 7 Lubrication and sealing are introduced.

As shown in figure 3, injection pump 6 includes pump body 60 and plunger 61, pump body 60 is provided with the lubrication of plunger hole 600 and first Passage 62, plunger 61 is axially displaceably located in plunger hole 600.When plunger 61 is moved (along figure to the bottom of plunger hole 600 Direction motion shown in dotted arrow downwards) when, injection pump 6 starts oil suction, and fuel enters the top of plunger hole 600 (i.e. in figure Upper end).When top movements (along figure along upwards dotted arrow shown in direction move) of the plunger 61 to plunger hole 600, injection pump 6 Start force feed, the fuel at the top of plunger hole 600 is obtained and pumped out after certain pressure.

First lubrication channel 62 runs through pump body 60 and leads to plunger hole 600 from pump body 60 is outer, the first lubrication channel 62 Towards plunger 61, so, lubricating oil can run through pump body 60 from the first lubrication channel 62 for outlet at plunger hole 600 Outer one end is flowed in the first lubrication channel 62, then flows into minim gap between the hole wall and plunger 61 of plunger hole 600 (not Mark) and oil film is formed, to be lubricated to the hole wall of plunger hole 600 and plunger 61 (i.e. plunger matching parts), prevent both from wearing and tearing. In addition, the lubricating oil film formed at the minim gap between the hole wall and plunger 61 of plunger hole 600 can also to constitute one close Envelope band, is leaked from top to bottom with blocking the top fuel of plunger hole 600.

In other words, the utility model is by arranging the first lubrication channel 62 in the injection pump 6, and to the first lubrication channel 62 It is interior to convey lubricating oil to carry out forced feed lubrication and sealing to plunger matching parts.So, when internal combustion engine is used, viscosity is less to be replaced When Replacing fuel, such as methyl alcohol, ethanol, dimethyl ether, can either make up alternative fuel can not form self-lubricating and self-packing deficiency, Again without the need for add additive into alternative fuel, it is to avoid the new generation that discharges pollutants, internal combustion engine is set to meet discharge standard.

In order to improve lubrication and sealing effectiveness, it is preferred that the lubricating oil in the first lubrication channel 62 has higher pressure. In the present embodiment, from the lubricating system of internal combustion engine itself, the lubricating system is by lubricating oil from after oil sump sucking-off for lubricating oil Each parts for needing to lubricate, the such as piston in cylinder body are delivered in internal combustion engine.

Further, in the present embodiment, the first lubrication channel 62 includes first lubrication groove 621 and the first lubrication of connection Hole 620, on the conveying direction of lubricating oil, the first lubrication groove 621 is located at the downstream of the first lubrication hole 620, i.e. lubricating oil from the One lubrication hole 620 is flowed in the first lubrication groove 621.Wherein, one end of the first lubrication hole 620 is through to outside pump body 60 so that Lubricating oil can be delivered in injection pump 6.First lubrication groove 621 mutually passes to going out as the first lubrication channel 62 with plunger hole 600 Mouthful, and around plunger 61 so that the lubricating oil at minim gap between the hole wall and plunger 61 of plunger hole 600 can surround post 61 1 whole circles are filled in, and forms a circle band, so as to improve the lubrication and sealing effectiveness of plunger matching parts.

In the present embodiment, the first check valve 622 is provided with the first lubrication hole 620, the first check valve 622 is used for one direction Opening makes lubricating oil flow in the first lubrication groove 621, i.e. the lubricating oil in the first lubrication groove 621 is unable to the first check valves of Jing 622 Flow out.

Pump body 60 is additionally provided with the first charging hole 63, the first discharge opening 64 and the first material transfer hole 65.Wherein, the first charging hole 63 one end (right-hand member is shown as in figure), one end (lower end is shown as in figure) of the first discharge opening 64 with the top of plunger hole 600 Portion communicates, and the first charging hole 63 flows into the top of plunger hole 600, combustion of first discharge opening 64 for the top of plunger hole 600 for fuel Stream goes out, and is delivered to fuel injector 7.The one end in the first material transfer hole 65 communicates with the top of plunger hole 600, the other end and first moistens Slide opening 620 is communicated, and the first transmission block 66 is provided with the first material transfer hole 65, and the first transmission block 66 can be from the top of plunger hole 600 stream The fuel pressure effect for going out and the lubricating oil pressure flowed out from the first lubrication hole 620 are moved back and forth under acting on.

When 6 oil suction of injection pump, (direction shown in downward dotted arrow in the figure) motion downwards of plunger 61, fuel is from first Charging hole 63 flows into the top of plunger hole 600.When injection pump 6 is pressed oil, plunger 61 is upwards (shown in the dotted arrow in figure upwards Direction) motion, a part of fuel under high pressure at the top of plunger hole 600 flows out from the first discharge opening 64, and is delivered to spray by pipeline 9 Oily device 7, another part fuel under high pressure at the top of plunger hole 600 is flowed in the first material transfer hole 65, and promotes the first transmission block 66 to move It is dynamic.The profit that the first mobile transmission block 66 will flow out in the pressure transmission of fuel to the first lubrication hole 620 from the first check valve 622 Lubricating oil so that lubricating oil is obtained at the minim gap flowed to after high pressure between the hole wall of plunger hole 600 and plunger 61, so that post The good lubrication of plug couple acquisition and sealing.In other words, the fuel under high pressure in the technical scheme of the present embodiment, in injection pump 6 Block 66 is transmitted by the lubricating oil in pressure transmission to the first lubrication channel 62 by first in the first material transfer hole 65 so that lubrication Oil obtains and plunger matching parts is lubricated and is sealed after high pressure.

In addition, it should be noted that, when injection pump 6 is pressed oil, under the transmission effect of the first transmission block 66, plunger hole 600 is pushed up The fuel pressure in portion is no better than the lubricating oil pressure of the first lubrication groove 621, so, the hole wall and plunger of plunger hole 600 In the lubricating oil at minim gap between 61, near the lubricating oil pressure at the top of plunger hole 600, with close first lubrication groove 621 lubricating oil pressure is almost equal, it is thus possible to which the fuel for effectively preventing the top of plunger hole 600 is leaked from top to bottom.

In the alternative of the present embodiment, a grease pump (not shown) is set in internal combustion engine, the grease pump is by height Pressure lubricating oil is delivered in the first lubrication channel 62.Compared with the technical scheme of the alternative, the technical scheme tool of the present embodiment Have the advantage that：Grease pump need not be set, extreme pressure lubricant can be obtained by injection pump 6, simplify the structure of internal combustion engine, save Cost is saved.

Further, in the present embodiment, the moving direction of the first transmission block 66 is parallel with the moving direction of plunger 61. In other embodiments, the first transmission block 66 can also be in the first material transfer hole 65 along other direction movements, by fuel under high pressure Pressure transmission is to the lubricating oil in the first lubrication channel 62.

In a particular embodiment, the first material transfer hole 65 is constituted by two sections, wherein one section is vertical with plunger 61, another section and post Fill in it is 61 parallel, on the moving direction of the first transmission block 66, in the first material transfer hole 65 one section parallel with plunger 61 be two it is thin, Middle thick structure so that the first transmission block 66 can be moved in setting stroke.It is preferred that the mobile row of the first transmission block 66 Journey arranges larger.First charging hole 63 is vertical with plunger 61, and the first discharge opening 64 is with plunger 61 point-blank.

It should be noted that, in the technical solution of the utility model, the first charging hole 63, the first discharge opening 64, first are passed Expect the shape in hole 65, and arrangement form of the three on pump body 60 should not be limited to shown in figure, as long as the first charging Hole 63, the first discharge opening 64 are connected with the top of plunger hole 600, top and first profit of the first material transfer hole 65 with plunger hole 600 Slide-through road 62 is connected.

In the present embodiment, check valve 630 is provided with the first charging hole 63, check valve 630 is used for one direction to be opened makes combustion Stream enters the top of plunger hole 600, i.e. the fuel at the top of plunger hole 600 is unable to Jing check valves 630 and flows out.First discharge opening 64 Check valve 640 is inside provided with, check valve 640 is used for one direction to be opened flows out the fuel in the first discharge opening 64, i.e. fuel can only Flow out from the first discharge opening 64 and cannot flow in the first discharge opening 64.

In the present embodiment, the pump oil under the drive of internal combustion engine of injection pump 6 so that drive without the need for special power set Injection pump 6 works.

As shown in figure 4, fuel injector 7 includes injector body 70 and needle-valve 71, injector body 70 is provided with the He of needle valve hole 700 Second lubrication channel 72, needle-valve 71 is axially displaceably located in needle valve hole 700.Second lubrication channel 72 is from injector body 70 Run through injector body 70 outward and lead to needle valve hole 700, outlet of second lubrication channel 72 at needle valve hole 700 is towards needle-valve 71, so, it is logical that one end that lubricating oil can be from the second lubrication channel 72 outside injector body 70 flows into the second lubrication In road 72, then flow into the minim gap (mark) between the hole wall and needle-valve 71 of needle valve hole 700 and form oil film, with to pin The hole wall and needle-valve 71 (i.e. pintle nozzle match-ing parts) of valve opening 700 is lubricated, and prevents both from wearing and tearing.In addition, in the hole wall of needle valve hole 700 A band can also be constituted with the lubricating oil film formed at the minim gap between needle-valve 71, to block the internal combustion of fuel injector 7 The leakage of material.

In other words, the utility model is by arranging the second lubrication channel 72 in the fuel injector 7, and to the second lubrication channel 72 It is interior to convey lubricating oil to carry out forced feed lubrication and sealing to pintle nozzle match-ing parts.So, when internal combustion engine is used, viscosity is less to be replaced When Replacing fuel, such as methyl alcohol, ethanol, dimethyl ether, can either make up alternative fuel can not form self-lubricating and self-packing deficiency, Again without the need for add additive into alternative fuel, it is to avoid the new generation that discharges pollutants, internal combustion engine is set to meet discharge standard.

In order to improve lubrication and sealing effectiveness, it is preferred that the lubricating oil in the second lubrication channel 72 has higher pressure. In the present embodiment, from the lubricating system of internal combustion engine itself, the lubricating system is by lubricating oil from after oil sump sucking-off for lubricating oil Each parts for needing to lubricate, the such as piston in cylinder body are delivered in internal combustion engine.

Further, in the present embodiment, the second lubrication channel 72 includes second lubrication groove 721 and the second lubrication of connection Hole 720, on the conveying direction of lubricating oil, the second lubrication groove 721 is located at the downstream of the second lubrication hole 720, i.e. lubricating oil from the Two lubrication hole 720 is flowed in the second lubrication groove 721.Wherein, the second lubrication groove 721 is mutually passed to as the second profit with needle valve hole 700 The outlet in slide-through road 72, and around needle-valve 71 so that the lubrication at minim gap between the hole wall and needle-valve 71 of needle valve hole 700 Oil can surround the whole circle of needle-valve 71 1, and form a circle band, so as to improve the lubrication and sealing effectiveness of pintle nozzle match-ing parts.

In the present embodiment, the second check valve 722 is provided with the second lubrication hole 720, the one direction of the second check valve 722 is opened Lubricating oil is set to flow in the second lubrication groove 721, i.e. the lubricating oil in the second lubrication groove 721 is unable to the second check valves of Jing 722 and flows Go out.

Injector body 70 is additionally provided with the second charging hole 73 and the second material transfer hole 75.Wherein, the second charging hole 73 is by pipe Road 9 connects with injection pump 6, so that injection pump 6 can deliver fuel to fuel injector 7.The one end in the second material transfer hole 75 is entered with second Hole 73 communicates material, the other end is communicated with the second lubrication hole 720, and the second transmission block 76, the second transmission are provided with the second material transfer hole 75 The lubrication pressure masterpiece that block 76 can flow out in the fuel pressure effect flowed out from the second charging hole 73 and from the second lubrication hole 720 Move back and forth with.

Injection pump 6 is delivered to fuel under high pressure in the second charging hole 73 of fuel injector 7, and a part of fuel under high pressure is from nozzle 74 Cylinder 12 (with reference to shown in Fig. 2) is sprayed to, another part fuel under high pressure is flowed in the second material transfer hole 75, and promotes the second transmission block 76 It is mobile.Mobile second transmission block 76 will flow out in the pressure transmission of fuel to the second lubrication hole 720 from the second check valve 722 Lubricating oil so that lubricating oil is obtained at the minim gap flowed to after high pressure between the hole wall of needle valve hole 700 and needle-valve 71, so that The good lubrication of pintle nozzle match-ing parts acquisition and sealing.In other words, the high compression ignition in the technical scheme of the present embodiment, in fuel injector 7 Material transmits block 76 by the lubricating oil in pressure transmission to the second lubrication channel 72 by second in the second material transfer hole 75 so that profit Lubricating oil obtains and pintle nozzle match-ing parts are lubricated and are sealed after high pressure.

In the alternative of the present embodiment, a grease pump is set in internal combustion engine, the grease pump is by extreme pressure lubricant It is delivered in the second lubrication channel 72.Compared with the technical scheme of the alternative, the technical scheme of the present embodiment has following excellent Point：Grease pump need not be set, extreme pressure lubricant can be obtained by fuel injector 7, simplify the structure of internal combustion engine, save into This.

Further, in the present embodiment, the moving direction of the second transmission block 76 is parallel with the moving direction of needle-valve 71. In other embodiments, the second transmission block 76 can also be in the second material transfer hole 75 along other direction movements, by fuel under high pressure Pressure transmission is to the lubricating oil in the second lubrication channel 72.

In a particular embodiment, on the moving direction of the second transmission block 76, the second material transfer hole 75 is that two is thin, middle thick Structure so that second transmission block 76 can setting stroke in move.It is preferred that the shift motion of the second transmission block 76 is arranged Obtain larger.Second lubrication hole 720 is constituted by four sections, is followed successively by from top to bottom, first paragraph and needle-valve 71 point-blank, second Section is vertically arranged with needle-valve 71, and the 3rd section parallel with needle-valve 71, and the 4th section is obliquely installed with needle-valve 71.Second charging hole 73 is by three Duan Zucheng, is followed successively by from top to bottom, and first paragraph is vertically arranged with needle-valve 71, and second segment is parallel with needle-valve 71, the 3rd section and needle-valve 71 are obliquely installed.

It should be noted that, in the technical solution of the utility model, the second charging hole 73, the second lubrication hole 720, second are passed Expect the shape in hole 75, and arrangement form of the three in injector body 70 should not be limited to shown in figure, as long as second Material transfer hole 75 connects with the second charging hole 73, the second lubrication hole 720.

With continued reference to shown in Fig. 1, fuel injection system P is additionally included in conveying direction (the arrow institute dashed lines of fuel Show) on the fuel tank 3, control valve 4, oil transfer pump 5 and the electronic-controlled installation 8 that set gradually, fuel is successively from fuel tank 3, control Valve 4, oil transfer pump 5 are delivered to injection pump 6.

Wherein, fuel tank 3 has fuel cavity 3a, 3b isolated from one another, is used to hold variety classes between fuel cavity 3a, 3b Fuel.

Control valve 4 has oil-out and two oil-ins (mark), and the oil-out is connected by pipeline 9 with oil transfer pump 5 Logical, one of them described oil-in is corresponding with fuel cavity 3a and is connected by pipeline 9, another described oil-in and fuel cavity 3b Correspondence is simultaneously connected by pipeline 9.

Oil transfer pump 5 is connected by pipeline 9 with injection pump 6, and the operating pressure of oil transfer pump 5 is less than the operating pressure of injection pump 6, I.e., comparatively, oil transfer pump 5 is low-lift pump, and injection pump 6 is high-pressure pump.Under oil transfer pump 5, the collective effect of injection pump 6, energy The fuel pressure that fuel injector 7 sprays enough is improved, preferably atomization is allowed the fuel to, so as to reduce discharging and save fuel.In tool In body embodiment, from the fuel pressure of the output of injection pump 6 180MPa is about.

Control valve 4 is used for：When the electronic-controlled installation 8 of fuel injection system P receives fuel type optional directive, root According to electronic-controlled installation 8 export instruction control control valve 4 the oil-out connect with one of oil-in, it is described wherein One oil-in and the fuel cavity connection for being contained with corresponding kind of class A fuel A.

Specifically, when electronic-controlled installation 8 receives the instruction from fuel cavity 3a fuel, electronic-controlled installation 8 The oil-out of control control valve 4 and the oil-in connection for connecting fuel cavity 3a, so, in the defeated of oil transfer pump 5 and injection pump 6 Under sending effect, the fuel in fuel cavity 3a is delivered in body 1 to be burnt.

When electronic-controlled installation 8 receives the instruction from fuel cavity 3b fuel, the control control of electronic-controlled installation 8 The oil-out of valve 4 is connected with the oil-in for connecting fuel cavity 3b, so, is acted in the conveying of oil transfer pump 5 and injection pump 6 Under, the fuel in fuel cavity 3b is delivered in body 1 to be burnt.

In the present embodiment, fuel cavity 3a is used to hold the alternative fuel such as methyl alcohol, ethanol or dimethyl ether, and fuel cavity 3b is used for Hold the traditional fuels such as bavin Water Oil Or Gas so that internal combustion engine can select to use alternative fuel or tradition combustion according to actual conditions Material.So, when the use region of internal combustion engine is relatively enriched in the energy storage of alternative fuel, can more select to use Alternative fuel.When alternative fuel it is insufficient when, internal combustion engine can select to use traditional fuel.

In the alternative of the present embodiment, fuel tank 3 can also have the fuel cavity of more than three, so, internal combustion Machine can select the fuel for using more than three kinds.

In another alternative of the present embodiment, fuel tank 3 can also only have a fuel cavity, so, internal combustion engine It is only capable of using a kind of fuel, the fuel can be traditional fuel, or alternative fuel.In this case, fuel injection Valve 4 is not controlled in system P, fuel tank 3 is directly connected by pipeline with oil transfer pump 5.

In the present embodiment, an artificial selection button can be set, and which kind of driver can select by manipulating the button Fuel, and send the fuel type optional directive to electronic-controlled installation 8.In the alternative of the present embodiment, it is also possible to logical The surplus for crossing the various fuel of automatic detection carrys out Intelligent Selection which kind of fuel, and sends the fuel kind to electronic-controlled installation 8 Class optional directive.

Electronic-controlled installation 8 is additionally operable to when the starting order of internal combustion engine is received, and control glow plug 2 is heated, and thinks combustion The burning of material is prepared.The fuel injection pulse signal that injection pump 6 is used to be sent according to electronic-controlled installation 8 conveys fuel, so as to can With at regular time and quantity to conveying fuel in the cylinder 12 (with reference to shown in Fig. 2) of internal combustion engine.When glow plug 2 replaces with spark plug, Electronic-controlled installation 8 is additionally operable to when the starting order of internal combustion engine is received, and controls plug ignition.

Summary understands, in the technical solution of the utility model, by arranging the first lubrication channel in injection pump 6 62, and the lubricating oil of conveying elevated pressures can carry out forced feed lubrication and sealing to plunger matching parts into the first lubrication channel 62. By arranging the second lubrication channel 72 in fuel injector 7, and the lubricating oil of conveying elevated pressures can into the second lubrication channel 72 To carry out forced feed lubrication and sealing to pintle nozzle match-ing parts.So, when internal combustion engine uses low-viscosity fuel, such as gasoline and replacement combustion During material (such as methyl alcohol, ethanol, dimethyl ether), can either make up low-viscosity fuel can not form self-lubricating and self-packing deficiency, Again without the need for add additive into low-viscosity fuel, it is to avoid the new generation that discharges pollutants, internal combustion engine is set to meet discharge standard.

In addition, by arranging glow plug 2 or spark plug in cylinder head 11, can be to the fuel of mist state in cylinder 12 and sky The gaseous mixture that gas is formed provides heat energy, so that mixture combustion.When internal combustion engine uses respectively low viscous alternative fuel (such as Methyl alcohol, ethanol, dimethyl ether etc.), gasoline when, low viscosity alternative fuel can be made up special in physics and chemistry such as Cetane number, the latent heats of vaporization The deficiency having differences with diesel oil in property so that internal combustion engine can smoothly start.Thus, the utility model solves existing diesel oil Internal combustion engine uses plunger and bare of injection pump abrasion, Performance of Fuel Injection Nozzle abrasion and the card that bonds existed when alternative fuel and gasoline Extremely and and fuel leakage, and the problem of difficulty in starting realizes application of the alternative fuel in internal combustion engine.

Certainly, internal combustion engine of the present utility model can also still use conventional diesel fuel, in this case, existing tradition Self-lubricating and self sealss that fuel is formed, there is forced feed lubrication and sealing again, realize plunger and bare of injection pump and oil-fuel injector needle-valve The dual lubrication of couple and sealing.

It should be noted that, in the technical solution of the utility model, injection pump both can be used as monoblock pump, again can conduct Integral pump.So-called monoblock pump refers to that the quantity of injection pump is identical with the cylinder number of internal combustion engine, and each cylinder configures an injection pump.Institute Meaning integral pump refers to that the quantity of injection pump in internal combustion engine is one, and the integral pump to the fuel injector of each cylinder conveys fuel.In addition, The injection pump can be to convey fuel to high-pressure common rail, and the fuel for being delivered to high-pressure common rail is delivered to again the fuel injector of each cylinder.

Although the utility model is disclosed as above, the utility model is not limited to this.Any those skilled in the art, Without departing from spirit and scope of the present utility model, can make various changes or modifications, therefore protection domain of the present utility model Should be defined by claim limited range.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of internal combustion engine, it is characterised in that include：

Body, including cylinder block and lid be located at cylinder head in the cylinder block, and piston, the cylinder are provided with the cylinder body Body, cylinder head and piston surround cylinder；

Glow plug or spark plug, in the cylinder head, and stretch in the cylinder；

Fuel injection system, including by the injection pump and fuel injector of pipeline connection, on the conveying direction of fuel, the oil spout Pump is located at the upstream of fuel injector, and the fuel injector is arranged in the cylinder head and stretches in the cylinder, wherein：

The injection pump includes pump body and plunger, and the pump body is provided with plunger hole and the first lubrication channel, and the plunger can Axially movably it is located in the plunger hole, first lubrication channel originally runs through in vitro the pump body and leads to from the pump The plunger hole, outlet of first lubrication channel at plunger hole is towards the plunger；

The fuel injector includes injector body and needle-valve, and the injector body is provided with needle valve hole and the second lubrication channel, institute State needle-valve to be axially displaceably located in the needle valve hole, second lubrication channel is from outside the injector body through described Injector body simultaneously leads to the needle valve hole, and outlet of second lubrication channel at needle valve hole is towards the needle-valve.

2. internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that first lubrication channel includes the first lubrication groove of connection With the first lubrication hole, on the conveying direction of lubricating oil, first lubrication groove is located at the downstream of the first lubrication hole；

First lubrication groove mutually passes to the outlet as first lubrication channel with the plunger hole, and around the post Plug.

3. internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the first check valve is provided with first lubrication hole, it is described First check valve is used for one direction to be opened makes lubricating oil flow in first lubrication groove；

The pump body is additionally provided with the first charging hole, the first discharge opening and the first material transfer hole, wherein：

First charging hole, first discharge opening are communicated with the top of the plunger hole, and first charging hole supplies fuel The top of the plunger hole is flowed into, first discharge opening flows out for the fuel at the top of the plunger hole, and by pipeline and institute State fuel injector connection；

The one end in the first material transfer hole with communicate at the top of the plunger hole, the other end is communicated with first lubrication hole, institute State and the first transmission block is provided with the first material transfer hole, the first transmission block can be in the fuel pressure flowed out from the top of the plunger hole Power is acted on and moved back and forth under the lubricating oil pressure effect of first lubrication hole outflow.

4. internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that second lubrication channel includes the second lubrication groove of connection With the second lubrication hole, on the conveying direction of lubricating oil, second lubrication groove is located at the downstream of the second lubrication hole；

Second lubrication groove mutually passes to the outlet as second lubrication channel with the needle valve hole, and around the pin Valve.

5. internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that the second check valve is provided with second lubrication hole, it is described Second check valve is used for one direction to be opened makes lubricating oil flow in second lubrication groove；

The injector body is additionally provided with the second charging hole and the second material transfer hole, wherein：

Second charging hole is connected by pipeline with the injection pump, so that the injection pump delivers fuel to fuel injector；

The one end in the second material transfer hole communicates with second charging hole, the other end is communicated with second lubrication hole, described The second transmission block is provided with second material transfer hole, the second transmission block can be in the fuel pressure masterpiece flowed out from second charging hole With and from second lubrication hole flow out lubricating oil pressure effect under move back and forth.

6. internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the fuel injection system also includes oil transfer pump, by pipe Road connects with the injection pump, and on the conveying direction of fuel, the oil transfer pump is located at the upstream of injection pump, the oil transfer pump Operating pressure of the operating pressure less than the injection pump.

7. internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that the fuel injection system also includes fuel tank, by pipe Road connects with the oil transfer pump, and on the conveying direction of fuel, the fuel tank is located at the upstream of oil transfer pump.

8. internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that the fuel tank has at least two fuel isolated from one another Chamber, is used to hold different types of fuel between each described fuel cavity；

The fuel injection system also includes control valve, and the control valve has oil-out and at least two oil-ins, it is described go out Hydraulic fluid port is connected by pipeline with the oil transfer pump, and the oil-in is corresponded and by pipeline connection with fuel cavity；

The control valve is used for：When the electronic-controlled installation of the fuel injection system receives fuel type optional directive, Control the oil-out according to the instruction of electronic-controlled installation output to connect with one of oil-in, it is described one of them Oil-in and the fuel cavity connection for being contained with corresponding kind of class A fuel A.

9. the internal combustion engine as described in any one of claim 1 to 8, it is characterised in that the fuel injection system also includes electronics Control device, the electronic-controlled installation is used for when the starting order of internal combustion engine is received, control glow plug heating or Plug ignition, the fuel injection pulse signal that the injection pump is used to be sent according to the electronic-controlled installation conveys fuel.