CN205970910U - 紧凑型分布式充换储电站 - Google Patents

紧凑型分布式充换储电站 Download PDF

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CN205970910U
CN205970910U CN201620946673.0U CN201620946673U CN205970910U CN 205970910 U CN205970910 U CN 205970910U CN 201620946673 U CN201620946673 U CN 201620946673U CN 205970910 U CN205970910 U CN 205970910U
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charging
storage station
electricity storage
filling
quick change
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张建兴
陈炯
徐红刚
赖建文
赵志凌
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Wuhan Weilai Energy Co ltd
NIO Co Ltd
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NIO Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2019600024U priority patent/JP3224278U/ja
Priority to KR2020197000017U priority patent/KR200494327Y1/ko
Priority to EP17842942.9A priority patent/EP3505387B1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2017/098659 priority patent/WO2018036520A1/zh
Priority to TW106212670U priority patent/TWM557477U/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K35/00—Instruments specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement of instruments in or on vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/50—Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
    • B60L53/53—Batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L55/00—Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2250/00—Driver interactions
    • B60L2250/16—Driver interactions by display
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/91—Electric vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H02J7/00034—Charger exchanging data with an electronic device, i.e. telephone, whose internal battery is under charge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
    • Y04S10/126—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
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Abstract

本实用新型属于电动汽车领域，具体提供一种紧凑型分布式充换储电站。本实用新型旨在解决现有充电系统成本高、功能单一和建设面积大的问题。本实用新型的紧凑型分布式充换储电站包括：换电设备，其用于更换电动汽车电池；快换电池组，其用于储存电能；充放电设备，其用于电网向快换电池组充电，并且用于快换电池组向电网放电；监控系统，其用于监控充换储电站的整体工作状态和电网的用电高峰、用电低谷以及控制换电设备更换快换电池组和控制充换电设备充电或放电。本实用新型的充换储电站不仅具有充电、放电、换电、储能的功能，而且还降低了电动汽车充电系统的成本，减少了电动汽车充电系统的建设面积。

Description

紧凑型分布式充换储电站
技术领域
本实用新型属于电动汽车领域，具体提供一种紧凑型分布式充换储电站。
背景技术
随着电动汽车的广泛使用，快速充电站及换电站也被普遍地应用和快速地建设。目前，电动汽车电站主要有三种：快速充电站、换电站和储能电站。电动汽车快速充电站可以解决电池快充的问题，缩短车辆充电时间，但是会造成电池使用寿命降低、电网功率冲击加剧等不利影响；电动汽车换电站可以实现电池快换，缓解用户里程焦虑，但存在建设面积偏大、系统成本偏高等问题；储能电站可实现电网负荷削峰移谷，提高新能源接入能力，延缓城市输配电增容，但存在建设难度大、成本偏高的问题。
如何降低电动汽车充电系统的成本，减少充电系统的建设面积，解决多方应用需求，提高系统运行效率，已成为本行业发展过程中迫切需要解决的关键问题。
相应地，本领域需要一种电动汽车充电站来解决上述问题。
实用新型内容
为了解决现有技术中的上述问题，即为了解决现有充电系统成本高、功能单一和建设面积大的问题，本实用新型提供了一种紧凑型分布式充换储电站，其特征在于，所述充换储电站包括：换电设备，其用于更换电动汽车的电池；快换电池组，其用于储存电能；充放电设备，其用于电网向所述快换电池组充电，并且用于所述快换电池组向电网放电；监控系统，其与所述换电设备、所述快换电池组和所述充换电设备连通，用于监测所述充换储电站的整体工作状态和电网的用电高峰、用电低谷以及控制所述换电设备更换所述快换电池组和控制所述充放电设备充电或放电。
在上述紧凑型分布式充换储电站的优选实施方式中，所述充换储电站还包括集装箱，所述换电设备、所述充放电设备、所述快换电池组和所述监控系统都设置在所述集装箱内，所述换电设备安装在所述集装箱的内底部，所述充放电设备与所述快换电池组多层立体地布置在所述集装箱内，所述监控系统安装在所述集装箱内的剩余空间中。
在上述紧凑型分布式充换储电站的优选实施方式中，所述充换储电站设置有至少两个充放电支路，每个所述充放电支路之间相互独立，并且所述监控系统控制所述充放电支路的充电和放电。
在上述紧凑型分布式充换储电站的优选实施方式中，每个所述充放电支路包括一个所述充放电设备和一个所述快换电池组，所述充放电设备与所述快换电池组电连接。
在上述紧凑型分布式充换储电站的优选实施方式中，所述充放电设备包括充放电机，所述充放电机用于将电网的交流电转换成直流电对所述快换电池组进行充电，并且/或者用于将所述快换电池组输出的直流电转换成交流电对电网进行放电。
在上述紧凑型分布式充换储电站的优选实施方式中，所述快换电池组包括多个储能电池，用于替换电动汽车的待换电池。
在上述紧凑型分布式充换储电站的优选实施方式中，所述充换储电站设置有车辆快换工位，所述车辆快换工位布置于所述集装箱内。
在上述紧凑型分布式充换储电站的优选实施方式中，所述充换储电站设置有车辆快换工位，所述车辆快换工位布置于所述集装箱外并且靠近所述集装箱。
在上述紧凑型分布式充换储电站的优选实施方式中，所述充换储电站还设置有变压器，用于将电网电压转变成所述充换储电站需要的电压。
在上述紧凑型分布式充换储电站的优选实施方式中，所述充换储电站还设置有显示装置，所述显示装置用于显示所述快换电池组的数量、储电情况、以及/或者电动汽车的电池充满电需要的时间和费用。
本领域技术人员能够理解的是，在本实用新型的优选技术方案中，充换储电站通过将换电设备、充放电设备和快换电池组集成化安装在集装箱内，使得充换储电站同时具有充电、放电、换电和储能的功能，并且有效地降低了电动汽车充电系统的成本和建筑面积。具体地，充换储电站由多个支路组成，每个支路由单个充放电设备连接单个快换电池组构成，并通过监控系统进行控制。充换储电站在夜间利用电网谷电进行充电，白天进行换电，在电网高峰时向电网放电，实现多种技术功能在一个设备上的集成应用，即一个设备系统实现了充电、换电、储能的功能。
附图说明
图1是本实用新型的充换储电站的系统拓扑框图。
图2是本实用新型的充换储电站的效果示意图。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图来描述本实用新型的优选实施方式。本领域技术人员应当理解的是，这些实施方式仅仅用于解释本实用新型的技术原理，并非旨在限制本实用新型的保护范围。例如，说明书附图中车辆快换工位位于集装箱的左侧，但这种相对位置关系仅仅只是示意性的，本领域技术人员可以根据需要对其作出调整，以便适应具体的应用场合。
需要说明的是，在本实用新型的描述中，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方向或位置关系的术语是基于附图所示的方向或位置关系，这仅仅是为了便于描述，而不是指示或暗示所述装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本实用新型的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
此外，还需要说明的是，在本实用新型的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域技术人员而言，可根据具体情况理解上述术语在本实用新型中的具体含义。
如图1和图2所示，紧凑型分布式充换储电站包括集装箱1和容纳于集装箱1中的换电设备、快换电池组、充放电设备、监控系统和变压器。需要指出的是，在本申请中，监控系统是指由一系列传感器和控制器共同组成的系统总成，传感器用于监测充换储电站的整体工作状态以及电网的用电高峰和用电低谷等，控制器用于控制充换储电站的整体操作，例如换电设备更换快换电池组以及充放电设备充电和放电等。此外，控制器可以采用任何适当的形式，例如可以是组合逻辑控制器或可编程控制器，只要其能够根据传感器的监测数据来控制充换储电站的操作即可。
如图1所示，变压器的左端(图中所示变压器的左端)与电网连接，变压器的右端(图中所示变压器的右端)与电源母线连接，变压器将电网的电压转换成充换储电站所需的电压。电源母线分别与换电设备、监控系统和充放电设备电连接。充放电设备包括多个(至少两个)充放电机，并且每台充放电机又分别与一个快换电池组电连接，构成一个支路，并且各支路之间相互独立、互不影响。
换电设备用于将快换电池组与电动汽车待换电池进行更换。充放电机用于将电源母线的交流电转换成直流电，并为快换电池组提供电能；同时充放电机还可以将快换电池组的电能由直流输出转换成交流输出，经电源母线，再通过变压器将电源母线电压转变成电网电压向电网放电。本领域技术人员能够理解的是，充放电机可以单独向快换电池组充电或向电网放电，也可以多个同时向快换电池组充电或向电网放电。
快换电池组由多个储能电池构成，用于储存电能，和与电动汽车的待换电池进行替换。本领域技术人员能够理解的是，电池组可以设置成两种：快换电池组和储能电池组，快换电池组充满电后用于与电动汽车的待换电池进行更换，储能电池组用于储存电能和向电网放电。
监控系统还与每个快换电池组建立通讯连接，用于监测快换电池的储存电能的情况，并且，监控系统能够监测电源母线的电压，通过电源母线电源与变压器的变压比进一步获得电网的电压。
监控系统还分别与充放电机、换电设备和电池组电连接，用于控制充放电机的充电和放电，控制换电设备更换电动汽车的电池，并接收、处理采集到的信息，进一步控制充放电机。
进一步，充换储电站还设置有显示装置(图中未示出)，用于显示快换电池组的数量、储电量以及充满电动汽车的电池所需的时间、费用，以便驾驶员能够了解快换电池组或电动汽车的电池的情况。本领域技术人员能够理解的是，该显示设备还可以增加显示电网的实时电压的功能，或者本领域技术人员还可以根据情况增加其他显示功能或删减相应的显示功能。
如图2所示，紧凑型分布式充换储电站还设置有车辆快换工位2，用于停放待充电或换电的电动汽车。车辆快换工位2位于集装箱1的左侧(图中所示集装箱的左侧)，并且靠近集装箱1。本领域技术人员能够理解的是，车辆快换工位2不仅限于图中所示一种布置位置，可以根据具体安装环境对其位置进行调整。本领域技术人员还能够理解的是，可以将车辆快换工位2设置在集装箱1内，以便于占据更小的建设面积。
继续参阅图2，换电设备、快换电池组、充放电设备、监控系统和变压器紧凑地安装在集装箱1内。换电设备布置于集装箱1的内底部，充放电设备与快换电池组于集装箱1内立体地多层布置(例如存放在支架上)，监控系统安装在集装箱1内的剩余空间中，显示装置设置在集装箱1的侧壁上，以便于观察。
综合图1和图2所示的紧凑型分布式充换储电站，该紧凑型分布式充换储电站不仅结构紧凑、所需建设面积小，而且还具有充电、放电、换电、储能的功能。具体地，充换储电站可在夜间利用电网低谷时段，通过充放电机对快换电池组进行充电；白天将充满电的快换电池组与电动汽车待换电池进行替换，或者在电网用电高峰时通过充放电机向电网放电。本领域技术人员可以理解的是，电网的用电高峰与低谷可以根据时间段来设置，例如，9点到18点为用电高峰，18点到次日9点为用电低谷。电网的用电高峰与低谷还可以通过监控系统监测的电网电压变化来确定。具体地，给电网电压设置一个阈值，当电网电压低于该阈值时为用电高峰，当电网电压高于该阈值时为用电低谷。
至此，已经结合附图所示的优选实施方式描述了本实用新型的技术方案，但是，本领域技术人员容易理解的是，本实用新型的保护范围显然不局限于这些具体实施方式。在不偏离本实用新型的原理的前提下，本领域技术人员可以对相关技术特征作出等同的更改或替换，这些更改或替换之后的技术方案都将落入本实用新型的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种紧凑型分布式充换储电站，其特征在于，所述充换储电站包括：
换电设备，其用于更换电动汽车的电池；
快换电池组，其用于储存电能；
充放电设备，其用于电网向所述快换电池组充电，并且用于所述快换电池组向电网放电；
监控系统，其与所述换电设备、所述快换电池组和所述充换电设备连通，用于监测所述充换储电站的整体工作状态和电网的用电高峰、用电低谷以及控制所述换电设备更换所述快换电池组和控制所述充放电设备充电或放电。
2.根据权利要求1所述的紧凑型分布式充换储电站，其特征在于，所述充换储电站还包括集装箱，所述换电设备、所述充放电设备、所述快换电池组和所述监控系统都设置在所述集装箱内，所述换电设备安装在所述集装箱的内底部，所述充放电设备与所述快换电池组多层立体地布置在所述集装箱内，所述监控系统安装在所述集装箱内的剩余空间中。
3.根据权利要求2所述的紧凑型分布式充换储电站，其特征在于，所述充换储电站设置有至少两个充放电支路，每个所述充放电支路之间相互独立，并且所述监控系统控制所述充放电支路的充电和放电。
4.根据权利要求3所述的紧凑型分布式充换储电站，其特征在于，每个所述充放电支路包括一个所述充放电设备和一个所述快换电池组，所述充放电设备与所述快换电池组电连接。
5.根据权利要求4所述的紧凑型分布式充换储电站，其特征在于，所述充放电设备包括充放电机，所述充放电机用于将电网的交流电转换成直流电对所述快换电池组进行充电，并且/或者用于将所述快换电池组输出的直流电转换成交流电对电网进行放电。
6.根据权利要求5所述的紧凑型分布式充换储电站，其特征在于，所述快换电池组包括多个储能电池，用于替换电动汽车的待换电池。
7.根据权利要求6所述的紧凑型分布式充换储电站，其特征在于，所述充换储电站设置有车辆快换工位，所述车辆快换工位布置于所述集装箱内。
8.根据权利要求6所述的紧凑型分布式充换储电站，其特征在于，所述充换储电站设置有车辆快换工位，所述车辆快换工位布置于所述集装箱外并且靠近所述集装箱。
9.根据权利要求8所述的紧凑型分布式充换储电站，其特征在于，所述充换储电站还设置有变压器，所述变压器用于将电网电压转变成所述充换储电站需要的电压。
10.根据权利要求9所述的紧凑型分布式充换储电站，其特征在于，所述充换储电站还设置有显示装置，所述显示装置用于显示所述快换电池组的数量、储电情况、以及/或者电动汽车的电池充满电需要的时间和费用。
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