High boiling point alloy discontinuous vacuum distilled furnace for separating
Technical field
This utility model relates to a kind of high boiling point alloy discontinuous vacuum distilled furnace for separating, can be used for including noble metal
Polynary high boiling point alloy vacuum distilling separate, belong to Vacuum Metallurgy of Nonferrous Metals technology.
Background technology
Vacuum metallurgy industry realizes alloy by vacuum distillation and separates the capital equipment used is vacuum distillation furnace, its charging side
Formula is divided into feeding-in solid body and liquid feedstock two kinds, for the material using feeding-in solid body mode to process, it is impossible to realize producing continuously,
The equipment used is high boiling point alloy discontinuous vacuum drying oven.After given power is issued to evaporating temperature, produce metal vapors,
On condenser, condensation obtains metal or alloy.
Patent CN204434697 discloses a kind of vacuum distillation furnace processing non-ferrous alloy slag charge, is used for processing
The scoria that precious metals containing lead or your bismuth obtain after liquation decoppering, can directly obtain lead bismuth silver alloy and the Kufil of metallic state, carry
Rise the direct yield of noble metal, shorten return period.But this kind of type of furnace only exists a temperature, the metal vapors of generation in stove
Condense at the same temperature.Obtained condensate is still multicomponent alloy, need to separately use special vacuum separation stove to carry out
Separating, the vacuum distilling failing effectively to realize alloy separates.This type of furnace only can process precious metals containing lead or your bismuth simultaneously, it is impossible to adapts to multiple
Material, it is impossible to process the polynary high boiling point alloy containing noble metal.Accordingly, it would be desirable to develop a kind of vacuum processing high boiling point alloy
Separated stove, obtains multiple condensed product by single flash, it is achieved the high efficiency separation of high boiling point alloy.
Summary of the invention
The problem existed for above-mentioned prior art, this utility model provides a kind of high boiling point alloy discontinuous vacuum and steams
Evaporating chamber furnaced, it is achieved the fractional condensation of multicomponent alloy, the vacuum that can be used for the polynary high boiling point alloy including noble metal is steamed
Fraction from.
For achieving the above object, this utility model takes techniques below scheme to realize:
High boiling point alloy discontinuous vacuum distilled furnace for separating, including the vacuum distilling separation set being located in stove, is positioned at very
Crucible in empty separated external member, it is located at the flat graphite heater below crucible, the electrode being located at bottom of furnace body and bag
Outside body of heater seal furnace shell, be located at electrode side flat graphite heater is played conducting effect heater connect seat,
It is positioned at the passive support ring of crucible bottom;Described vacuum distilling separation set includes the condenser external member being located in crucible
With the thermal insulation cover being set in outside crucible;Wherein:
Condenser external member includes fractional distillation square position and fractional distillation swash plate, and fractional distillation square position upper disk surface is smooth and limit is provided with gear platform and makes dish
Mask has certain depth, and this gear platform height is less than plate edge height;Fractional distillation swash plate upper disk surface is set to incline structure;Use at least two
Any stack combinations of individual fractional distillation swash plate and some fractional distillation square positions, the heavy stand arranged by its upper end inner ring between upper and lower fractional distillation dish and
The boss that external bottom end is arranged mutually fastens, and the card of upper and lower fractional distillation dish is symmetrically placed, and formed between upper and lower fractional distillation dish is logical
Road one S type air flue of composition.
This utility model flat graphite heater disk center is provided with a Y-connection point, and heating body disc is from Y-connection
Being divided into three parts at Dian, in every a part of card, fluting forms resistance loop, is provided with electrode connecting hole at every phase end.
This utility model crucible wall is provided with draft angle, and is provided with lifting button and lifting groove on crucible;At mouth of pot
It is provided with the locating slot of pot mouth;The bottom of crucible is provided with boss and is embedded in support ring, and graphite heater directly acts on whole earthenware
Crucible bottom surface, makes crucible bottom fully enter heater radiation scope.
Design principle of the present utility model is as follows: support ring forms support ring cavity, flat graphite heater with crucible
Connecting seat and the electrode conduction being located at bottom furnace bottom by heater, be installed in support ring cavity, graphite heater is directly made
For whole crucible bottom surface, crucible bottom is made to fully enter heater radiation scope.Fractional distillation square position in condensation external member and fractional distillation
Heavy stand and the boss of external bottom end setting that swash plate is arranged by its upper end inner ring mutually fasten, and stack combinations is placed in crucible pot
On the locating slot of mouth, the card of upper and lower fractional distillation dish is symmetrically placed, passage one the S type gas of composition formed between upper and lower fractional distillation dish
Road.Thermal insulation cover is placed in outside crucible and condensation external member, it is ensured that crucible and the temperature of liquid metal vapor, can be according to using thermal insulation cover
Superposition number change its height and thickness, regulation condenser temperature, can insulation selective to condenser, obtain multiple cold
Solidifying product.
The heat that this utility model middle plateform formula graphite heater produces transfers heat to crucible by the way of radiation, makes crucible
In material melting.When reaching the boiling temperature of metallic element in material, metal vapors will be produced.The metal vapors of high temperature
Entering the S type passage between fractional distillation dish, according to the change of condensation external member compound mode, metal vapors is formed in condensation external member
Continuous condensate fractionation in passage, promotes the purity of condensed product.Change height or the number of plies of thermal insulation cover, in regulation condensation external member
The temperature of each fractional distillation dish, forms thermograde, can selective condensing metal gas, beneficially from multicomponent liquid alloys
Isolate various metals, expand condensation scope, obtain multiple condensed product.
The utility model has the advantages that: 1) the polynary high boiling point that realizes in the way of vacuum distilling including noble metal closes
The vacuum distilling of gold separates;2) fractional distillation swash plate and square position are applied in combination, and fractional distillation swash plate makes impure metal steam backflow, repeatedly distills
Thus increase steam purity;Fractional distillation square position also allows the continuous condensate fractionation of steam while collecting the volatile matter that obtains of condensation;Point
The purity evaporating condensation and volatile matter that dish is staggered installation of beneficially steam ensures.3) height or thickness by changing thermal insulation cover are adjusted
The temperature of joint condensation external member, forms thermograde, optionally condensing metal gas, obtains multiple condensed product.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present utility model;
Fig. 2 is condensation external member schematic diagram in this utility model;
Fig. 3 is this utility model middle plateform formula graphite heater schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is crucible schematic diagram in this utility model;
In figure: 1-vacuum distilling separation set, the flat graphite heater of 2-, 2.1-Y-connection point, 2.2-electrode are even
Connect hole, 3-crucible, 3.1-lifting is detained, 3.2-lifting groove, 3.3-locating slot, 3.4-boss, 4-electrode, 5-seal furnace shell, 6-is cold
Condenser external member, 7-thermal insulation cover, 8-fractional distillation square position, 8.1-upper disk surface, 8.2-gear platform, 9-fractional distillation swash plate, 10-support ring, 11-heating
Body connects seat.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and detailed description of the invention, the utility model is described in further detail.
As it is shown in figure 1, high boiling point alloy discontinuous vacuum distilled furnace for separating by vacuum distilling separation set 1, be positioned at vacuum
Crucible 3 in separated external member 1, it is located at the flat graphite heater 2 below crucible 3, is located at electrode 4 and of bottom of furnace body
Wrap in the sealing furnace shell 5 outside body of heater to form.Vacuum distilling separation set 1 includes the condenser external member 6 being located in crucible 3 and sets
Thermal insulation cover 7 outside crucible 3.
As in figure 2 it is shown, condensation external member of the present utility model is formed by some fractional distillation square positions 8 and fractional distillation swash plate 9 stack combinations.
When any stack combinations of fractional distillation dish of several differences or same type, by fractional distillation plate edge between upper and lower fractional distillation dish
Boss and heavy stand mutually fasten, passage one S type air flue of composition of upper and lower fractional distillation dish.This air flue makes steam path elongated, makes not
Pure steam refluxes repeatedly, repeatedly distillation thus increase steam-purity value;Fractional distillation square position 8 is while collecting the volatile matter that condensation obtains
Also the continuous condensate fractionation of steam is allowed;Fractional distillation is intertwining opens installation and forms it into air flue, beneficially the condensation of volatile matter steam and volatilization
The purity of thing ensures.Fractional distillation swash plate 9 is back in crucible or fractional distillation square position after making the condensation of low temperature, impure steam again, and
Steam pure, high temperature passes through air flue the most smoothly so that single flash obtains multiple product.The metal splashed also is able to again
Return in the crucible of bottom.Solve the volatilization condensation of impure steam, backflow;The condensation of metallic vapour;Boiling splatter causes
The problem that volatile matter quality is on the low side and volatile matter pollutes.
As it is shown on figure 3, flat graphite heater 2 includes heater disc main body, it is positioned at the star of heater disk center even
Contact 2.1, is located at the electrode connecting hole 2.2 on heating body disc;Heater disc main body is divided into three-phase at Y-connection point,
In every phase card, fluting forms resistance loop, and electrode connecting hole is located at the end of every phase.
Flat graphite heater 2 connects seat 11 by heater and turns on the electrode 4 being located at bottom furnace bottom, is installed on and props up
In pushing out ring cavity, graphite heater 2 directly acts on whole crucible bottom surface, makes crucible bottom fully enter heater 2 and radiates model
Enclose.
As shown in Figure 4, crucible 3 wall is provided with draft angle, and is provided with lifting button 3.1 and lifting groove 3.2 on crucible 3,
Be provided with the locating slot 3.3 of pot mouth at mouth of pot, the bottom of crucible is provided with boss 3.4 and is embedded in support ring 10.
The fractionating effect reached according to the character and expection that process metal vapors in material, determines fractional distillation in condensation external member 6
Square position 8 and the compound mode of fractional distillation swash plate 9.Thermal insulation cover 7 is placed in outside condensation external member 6, according to condensation external member 6 to each condensation segment temperature
The requirement of degree, determines the superposition number of used thermal insulation cover, changes its height and thickness, and the temperature of scalable condenser, to cold
Condenser is optionally incubated, and reaches the temperature of technological requirement, obtains multiple condensed product.
Embodiment 1
Raw material is mainly composed of In16.6%, and the alloy of Sn44%, Pb18.39%, As14.68% is placed in crucible 3.
From feedstock analysis, this material is available four kinds of purer products in the case of fractional distillation preferably.The thickest stannum, thick indium, lead bullion, thick
Arsenic.Separating with Sn for realizing In, Pb, As element, crucible temperature need to be higher than 1800 DEG C;But As content is higher in raw material, As easily with
In raw material, other element forms compound, its decomposition temperature higher (> 1500 DEG C), and the relatively low (< 100 of elemental arsenic condensation temperature
℃).Ground floor to third layer uses fractional distillation swash plate 9 to make Sn preferably reflux, and In, Pb, As steam evaporated passes through,
Arrive condenser zone;4th layer uses fractional distillation square position 8 to layer 5, and layer 6 to the 8th layer uses fractional distillation swash plate 9, and this region is
The condenser zone of indium, crucible to the 8th layer of fractional distillation dish all uses two-layer to be incubated, and makes part Pb that this region condenses, As can be by two
Secondary evaporation separates again.9th layer to the tenth layer uses fractional distillation square position 8, and eleventh floor to Floor 12 uses fractional distillation swash plate 9, this
Region is the condenser zone of lead, and part As condensed in this region can be separated again by double evaporation-cooling.13rd layer of use point
Evaporating the 8, the 14th layer to the 17th layer, square position and use fractional distillation swash plate 9, and add top seal, this region is the condenser zone of arsenic.This
Region be not added with insulation, and make top cover near water cooled furnace body, to obtain condensation at low temperature region.
Use above-mentioned condensation external member compound mode and heat preserving mode, control vacuum drying oven vacuum 20Pa, at 1850 DEG C~
Vacuum distilling is carried out at 1950 DEG C.Obtaining residue composition is Sn > 97%, In~0.5%, Pb~0.1%, As~0.5%,
The direct yield of stannum is 94.5%;Volatile matter thick indium composition is In > 98%, and Pb~0.6%, Sn < 0.4%, the direct yield of indium exists
More than 95%;Volatile matter lead bullion composition is Pb99%, In~0.2%, Sn < 0.05%.Volatile matter crude arsenic composition is As >
97%, Pb < 1%, In < 0.1%, the direct yield of arsenic is 96%.
Embodiment 2
Raw material is mainly composed of Cu18.48%, and the alloy of Ag65.11%, Pb9.82% is placed in crucible 3, from raw material
Analyzing, this material is available 3 kinds of purer products in the case of fractional distillation preferably.I.e. blister copper, thick silver, lead bullion.For realizing Ag, Pb
Element separates with Cu, and crucible temperature need to be higher than 1900 DEG C.Ground floor to third layer uses fractional distillation swash plate 9 to make Cu preferably reflux,
Ag, Pb steam evaporated passes through, and arrives condenser zone;4th layer uses fractional distillation square position 8 to layer 6, and layer 7 is extremely
8th layer uses fractional distillation swash plate 9, and this region is the condenser zone of silver, and crucible to the 8th layer of fractional distillation dish all uses two-layer to be incubated, makes
Part Pb of this region condensation can be separated again by double evaporation-cooling.9th layer to eleventh floor use fractional distillation square position 8, the 12nd
Layer uses fractional distillation swash plate 9 to the 13rd layer, and adds top seal, and this region is the condenser zone of lead, the 9th layer of fractional distillation dish to the
Use Single-layer Insulation for 13 layers.
Use above-mentioned condensation external member compound mode and heat preserving mode, control vacuum drying oven vacuum 20Pa, at 1950 DEG C~
Vacuum distilling is carried out at 2050 DEG C.Obtaining residue composition is Cu~99%, Ag~0.2%, Pb~0.1%, and wherein copper is straight
Yield is 96%;Volatile matter slightly silver composition is Ag > 98%, and Cu < 0.2%, Pb < 1%, the direct yield of silver is more than 95%;Wave
Stimulating food lead bullion composition is Ag < 1%, Cu < 0.2%, Pb > 97%, and the direct yield of lead is 97%.
Embodiment 3
The alloy that raw material is mainly composed of Ag83%, Sn17% is placed in crucible 3, and ground floor uses fractional distillation to layer 6
Swash plate 9 makes Sn preferably reflux, and layer 7 to Floor 12 uses fractional distillation square position 8, and adds top seal, for the condensing zone of silver
Territory.Crucible to fractional distillation dish layer 6 all uses three layers of insulation, and layer 7 to Floor 12 uses Single-layer Insulation.
Use above-mentioned condensation external member compound mode and heat preserving mode, control vacuum drying oven vacuum 20Pa, at 1750 DEG C~
Vacuum distilling is carried out at 1850 DEG C.Obtaining residue composition is Sn~99.9%, and Ag~0.02%, wherein the direct yield of stannum is
99%;Volatile matter slightly silver composition is Ag > 99%, and Sn < 1%, the direct yield of silver is more than 99.9%.