CN105969997A - High-boiling-point alloy intermittent vacuum distillation separation furnace - Google Patents
High-boiling-point alloy intermittent vacuum distillation separation furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN105969997A CN105969997A CN201610599648.4A CN201610599648A CN105969997A CN 105969997 A CN105969997 A CN 105969997A CN 201610599648 A CN201610599648 A CN 201610599648A CN 105969997 A CN105969997 A CN 105969997A
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- fractional distillation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/02—Refining by liquating, filtering, centrifuging, distilling, or supersonic wave action including acoustic waves
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/04—Refining by applying a vacuum
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
Provided is a high-boiling-point alloy intermittent vacuum distillation separation furnace. The high-boiling-point alloy intermittent vacuum distillation separation furnace comprises a vacuum distillation separation kit (1) arranged in the furnace, a crucible (3), a flat plate type graphite heater (2), electrodes (4), a sealing furnace shell (5), heater connecting seats (11) playing a conduction role, support rings (10), a condenser kit (6) and a heat preservation cover (7). The high-boiling-point alloy intermittent vacuum distillation separation furnace has the advantages that vacuum distillation separation of multiple high-boiling-point alloys including noble metals is achieved in a vacuum distillation mode; fractional distillation swash plates and fractional distillation flat plates are combined for use, the fractional distillation swash plates enable impure metal steam to be subjected to reflux, repeated distillation is conducted, and the steam purity is increased; the fractional distillation flat plates collect volatile matter obtained through condensation and enable the steam to be subjected to continuous fractional distillation condensation; due to the fact that the fractional distillation plates are installed in a staggered mode, guarantees of condensation of the steam and the purity of the volatile matter are promoted; by changing the height or thickness of the heat preservation cover, the temperature of the condenser kit is adjusted, a temperature gradient is formed, metal gas can be selectively condensed, and multiple condensation products are obtained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high boiling point alloy discontinuous vacuum distilled furnace for separating, can be used for the polynary high boiling including noble metal
The vacuum distilling of some alloy separates, and belongs to Vacuum Metallurgy of Nonferrous Metals technology.
Background technology
Vacuum metallurgy industry realizes alloy by vacuum distillation and separates the capital equipment used is vacuum distillation furnace, and its feeding manner is divided into
Feeding-in solid body and liquid feedstock two kinds, for the material using feeding-in solid body mode to process, it is impossible to realize producing continuously, use
Equipment is high boiling point alloy discontinuous vacuum drying oven.After given power is issued to evaporating temperature, produce metal vapors, at condenser
Upper condensation obtains metal or alloy.
Patent CN204434697 discloses a kind of vacuum distillation furnace processing non-ferrous alloy slag charge, be used for processing precious metals containing lead or
The scoria your bismuth obtains after liquation decoppering, can directly obtain lead bismuth silver alloy and the Kufil of metallic state, improve your gold
The direct yield belonged to, shortens return period.But this kind of type of furnace only exists a temperature in stove, and the metal vapors of generation is in same temperature
Condense under degree.Obtained condensate is still multicomponent alloy, need to separately use special vacuum separation stove to separate, fail
The vacuum distilling effectively realizing alloy separates.This type of furnace only can process precious metals containing lead or your bismuth simultaneously, it is impossible to adapts to various materials, it is impossible to
Process the polynary high boiling point alloy containing noble metal.Accordingly, it would be desirable to develop a kind of vacuum distilled furnace for separating processing high boiling point alloy,
Multiple condensed product is obtained, it is achieved the high efficiency separation of high boiling point alloy by single flash.
Summary of the invention
The problem existed for above-mentioned prior art, the invention provides a kind of high boiling point alloy discontinuous vacuum distilled furnace for separating,
Realizing the fractional condensation of multicomponent alloy, the vacuum distilling that can be used for the polynary high boiling point alloy including noble metal separates.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes techniques below scheme to realize:
High boiling point alloy discontinuous vacuum distilled furnace for separating, including the vacuum distilling separation set being located in stove, is positioned at vacuum distilling
Crucible in separation set, it is located at the flat graphite heater below crucible, is located at the electrode of bottom of furnace body and wraps in outside body of heater
Portion seal furnace shell, be located at electrode side flat graphite heater is played conducting effect heater connect seat, be positioned at the bottom of crucible
The passive support ring in portion；Described vacuum distilling separation set includes the condenser external member being located in crucible and is set in crucible
The thermal insulation cover in outside；Wherein:
Condenser external member includes fractional distillation square position and fractional distillation swash plate, and fractional distillation square position upper disk surface is smooth and limit is provided with gear platform and makes card have
Certain depth, this gear platform height is less than plate edge height；Fractional distillation swash plate upper disk surface is set to incline structure；Use at least two fractional distillation
Any stack combinations of swash plate and some fractional distillation square positions, the heavy stand arranged by its upper end inner ring between upper and lower fractional distillation dish and external bottom end
The boss arranged mutually fastens, and the card of upper and lower fractional distillation dish is symmetrically placed, and the passage formed between upper and lower fractional distillation dish forms one
S type air flue.
The present invention flat graphite heater disk center is provided with a Y-connection point, and heating body disc is divided at Y-connection point
Three parts, in every a part of card, fluting forms resistance loop, is provided with electrode connecting hole at every phase end.
Crucible wall of the present invention is provided with draft angle, and is provided with lifting button and lifting groove on crucible；It is provided with pot mouth at mouth of pot
Locating slot；The bottom of crucible is provided with boss and is embedded in support ring, and graphite heater directly acts on whole crucible bottom surface, makes earthenware
Heater radiation scope is fully entered bottom crucible.
The design principle of the present invention is as follows: support ring forms support ring cavity with crucible, and flat graphite heater passes through heater
Connecting seat and the electrode conduction being located at bottom furnace bottom, be installed in support ring cavity, graphite heater directly acts on whole crucible
Bottom surface, makes crucible bottom fully enter heater radiation scope.Fractional distillation square position and fractional distillation swash plate in condensation external member pass through its upper end
Heavy stand and the boss of external bottom end setting that inner ring is arranged mutually fasten, and stack combinations is placed on the locating slot of crucible pot mouth, on
The card of lower fractional distillation dish is symmetrically placed, passage one the S type air flue of composition formed between upper and lower fractional distillation dish.Thermal insulation cover is placed in earthenware
Outside crucible and condensation external member, it is ensured that crucible and the temperature of liquid metal vapor, can be changed it according to the superposition number using thermal insulation cover
Height and thickness, regulation condenser temperature, can insulation selective to condenser, obtain multiple condensed product.
The heat that middle plateform formula graphite heater of the present invention produces transfers heat to crucible by the way of radiation, makes the material in crucible melt
Change.When reaching the boiling temperature of metallic element in material, metal vapors will be produced.The metal vapors of high temperature enters fractional distillation dish
Between S type passage, according to the change of condensation external member compound mode, metal vapors in the condensation passage that formed of external member constantly
Condensate fractionation, promote condensed product purity.Change height or the number of plies of thermal insulation cover, each fractional distillation dish in regulation condensation external member
Temperature, form thermograde, can selective condensing metal gas, beneficially isolate multiple from multicomponent liquid alloys
Metal, expands condensation scope, obtains multiple condensed product.
The invention have the advantage that 1) vacuum that realizes polynary high boiling point alloy including noble metal in the way of vacuum distilling steams
Fraction from；2) fractional distillation swash plate and square position are applied in combination, and fractional distillation swash plate makes impure metal steam backflow, repeatedly distills thus increases steaming
Gas purity；Fractional distillation square position also allows the continuous condensate fractionation of steam while collecting the volatile matter that obtains of condensation；Fractional distillation dish is staggered installation of
The condensation of steam is conducive to ensure with the purity of volatile matter.3) by changing height or the temperature of thickness adjusted condensation external member of thermal insulation cover
Degree, forms thermograde, optionally condensing metal gas, obtains multiple condensed product.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is condensation external member schematic diagram in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is middle plateform formula graphite heater schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is crucible schematic diagram in the present invention；
In figure: 1-vacuum distilling separation set, the flat graphite heater of 2-, 2.1-Y-connection point, 2.2-electrode connecting hole,
3-crucible, 3.1-lifting button, 3.2-lifting groove, 3.3-locating slot, 3.4-boss, 4-electrode, 5-seal furnace shell, 6-condenser set
Part, 7-thermal insulation cover, 8-fractional distillation square position, 8.1-upper disk surface, 8.2-gear platform, 9-fractional distillation swash plate, 10-support ring, 11-heater connect
Seat.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and detailed description of the invention, the invention will be further described.
As it is shown in figure 1, high boiling point alloy discontinuous vacuum distilled furnace for separating by vacuum distilling separation set 1, be positioned at vacuum distilling
Crucible 3 in separation set 1, it is located at the flat graphite heater 2 below crucible 3, the electrode 4 being located at bottom of furnace body and bag
Form at the sealing furnace shell 5 outside body of heater.Vacuum distilling separation set 1 includes the condenser external member 6 being located in crucible 3 and sets
Thermal insulation cover 7 outside crucible 3.
As in figure 2 it is shown, the condensation external member of the present invention is formed by some fractional distillation square positions 8 and fractional distillation swash plate 9 stack combinations.When some
During any stack combinations of fractional distillation dish of individual difference or same type, by the boss of fractional distillation plate edge and heavy between upper and lower fractional distillation dish
Platform mutually fastens, passage one S type air flue of composition of upper and lower fractional distillation dish.This air flue makes steam path elongated, makes impure steam anti-
Answer backflow, repeatedly distillation thus increase steam-purity value；Fractional distillation square position 8 also allows steam while collecting the volatile matter that obtains of condensation
Constantly condensate fractionation；Fractional distillation is intertwining opens installation and forms it into air flue, and the beneficially condensation of volatile matter steam is protected with the purity of volatile matter
Card.Fractional distillation swash plate 9 is back in crucible or fractional distillation square position after making the condensation of low temperature, impure steam again, and pure, high temperature
Steam pass through air flue the most smoothly so that single flash obtains multiple product.The metal splashed also is able to come back to bottom
In crucible.Solve the volatilization condensation of impure steam, backflow；The condensation of metallic vapour；The volatilization article that boiling splatter causes
The problem that matter is on the low side and volatile matter pollutes.
As it is shown on figure 3, flat graphite heater 2 includes heater disc main body, it is positioned at the Y-connection point of heater disk center
2.1, it is located at the electrode connecting hole 2.2 on heating body disc；Heater disc main body is divided into three-phase at Y-connection point, in every phase
In card, fluting forms resistance loop, and electrode connecting hole is located at the end of every phase.
Flat graphite heater 2 connects seat 11 by heater and turns on the electrode 4 being located at bottom furnace bottom, is installed on support ring
In cavity, graphite heater 2 directly acts on whole crucible bottom surface, makes crucible bottom fully enter heater 2 radiation scope.
As shown in Figure 4, crucible 3 wall is provided with draft angle, and is provided with lifting button 3.1 and lifting groove 3.2 on crucible 3,
Mouth of pot is provided with the locating slot 3.3 of pot mouth, and the bottom of crucible is provided with boss 3.4 and is embedded in support ring 10.
The fractionating effect reached according to the character and expection that process metal vapors in material, determines fractional distillation square position 8 in condensation external member 6
Compound mode with fractional distillation swash plate 9.Thermal insulation cover 7 is placed in outside condensation external member 6, according to condensation external member 6 to each condensation segment temperature
Requirement, determine the superposition number of used thermal insulation cover, change its height and thickness, the temperature of scalable condenser, to condensation
Device is optionally incubated, and reaches the temperature of technological requirement, obtains multiple condensed product.
Embodiment 1
Raw material is mainly composed of In16.6%, and the alloy of Sn44%, Pb18.39%, As14.68% is placed in crucible 3.From former
Material is analyzed, and this material is available four kinds of purer products in the case of fractional distillation preferably.The thickest stannum, thick indium, lead bullion, crude arsenic.
Separating with Sn for realizing In, Pb, As element, crucible temperature need to be higher than 1800 DEG C；But in raw material, As content is higher, and As is easy
Compound, its decomposition temperature higher (＞ 1500 DEG C), and the relatively low (＜ of elemental arsenic condensation temperature is formed with other element in raw material
100℃).Ground floor to third layer uses fractional distillation swash plate 9 to make Sn preferably reflux, and In, Pb, As steam evaporated is suitable
Profit is passed through, and arrives condenser zone；4th layer uses fractional distillation square position 8 to layer 5, and layer 6 to the 8th layer uses fractional distillation swash plate 9,
This region is the condenser zone of indium, and crucible to the 8th layer of fractional distillation dish all uses two-layer to be incubated, and makes part Pb, As that this region condenses
Again can be separated by double evaporation-cooling.9th layer to the tenth layer uses fractional distillation square position 8, and eleventh floor to Floor 12 uses fractional distillation
Swash plate 9, this region is the condenser zone of lead, and part As condensed in this region can be separated again by double evaporation-cooling.13rd
Layer uses the 8, the 14th layer to the 17th layer, fractional distillation square position to use fractional distillation swash plate 9, and adds top seal, and this region is the condensation of arsenic
Region.This region be not added with insulation, and make top cover near water cooled furnace body, to obtain condensation at low temperature region.
Use above-mentioned condensation external member compound mode and heat preserving mode, control vacuum drying oven vacuum 20Pa, at 1850 DEG C～1950 DEG C
Carry out vacuum distilling.Obtaining residue composition is Sn ＞ 97%, In～0.5%, Pb～0.1%, As～0.5%, the direct yield of stannum
It is 94.5%；Volatile matter thick indium composition is In ＞ 98%, and Pb～0.6%, Sn ＜ 0.4%, the direct yield of indium is more than 95%；Wave
Stimulating food lead bullion composition is Pb99%, In～0.2%, Sn ＜ 0.05%.Volatile matter crude arsenic composition is As ＞ 97%, Pb ＜ 1%, In
＜ 0.1%, the direct yield of arsenic is 96%.
Embodiment 2
Raw material is mainly composed of Cu18.48%, and the alloy of Ag65.11%, Pb9.82% is placed in crucible 3, from feedstock analysis,
This material is available 3 kinds of purer products in the case of fractional distillation preferably.I.e. blister copper, thick silver, lead bullion.For realizing Ag, Pb
Element separates with Cu, and crucible temperature need to be higher than 1900 DEG C.Ground floor to third layer uses fractional distillation swash plate 9 to make Cu preferably reflux,
Ag, Pb steam evaporated passes through, and arrives condenser zone；4th layer uses fractional distillation square position 8, layer 7 to layer 6
Using fractional distillation swash plate 9 to the 8th layer, this region is the condenser zone of silver, and crucible to the 8th layer of fractional distillation dish all uses two-layer to be incubated,
Part Pb making this region condense can be separated again by double evaporation-cooling.9th layer to eleventh floor use fractional distillation square position 8, the tenth
Two layers to the 13rd layer use fractional distillation swash plate 9, and add top seal, and this region is the condenser zone of lead, and the 9th layer of fractional distillation dish is extremely
Use Single-layer Insulation for 13rd layer.
Use above-mentioned condensation external member compound mode and heat preserving mode, control vacuum drying oven vacuum 20Pa, at 1950 DEG C～2050 DEG C
Carry out vacuum distilling.Obtaining residue composition is Cu～99%, Ag～0.2%, Pb～0.1%, and wherein the direct yield of copper is 96%；
Volatile matter slightly silver composition is Ag ＞ 98%, and Cu ＜ 0.2%, Pb ＜ 1%, the direct yield of silver is more than 95%；Volatile matter lead bullion becomes
Being divided into Ag ＜ 1%, Cu ＜ 0.2%, Pb ＞ 97%, the direct yield of lead is 97%.
Embodiment 3
The alloy that raw material is mainly composed of Ag83%, Sn17% is placed in crucible 3, and ground floor to layer 6 uses fractional distillation swash plate
9 make Sn preferably reflux, and layer 7 to Floor 12 uses fractional distillation square position 8, and adds top seal, for the condenser zone of silver.
Crucible to fractional distillation dish layer 6 all uses three layers of insulation, and layer 7 to Floor 12 uses Single-layer Insulation.
Use above-mentioned condensation external member compound mode and heat preserving mode, control vacuum drying oven vacuum 20Pa, at 1750 DEG C～1850 DEG C
Carry out vacuum distilling.Obtaining residue composition is Sn～99.9%, Ag～0.02%, and wherein the direct yield of stannum is 99%；Volatilization
Thing slightly silver composition is Ag ＞ 99%, and Sn ＜ 1%, the direct yield of silver is more than 99.9%.
Claims (3)
1. high boiling point alloy discontinuous vacuum distilled furnace for separating, is characterized in that: include the vacuum distilling separation set being located in stove
(1), it is positioned at the crucible (3) of vacuum distilling separation set (1), is located at the flat graphite heater of crucible (3) lower section
(2), it is located at the electrode (4) of bottom of furnace body and wraps in the sealing furnace shell (5) outside body of heater, be located at electrode (4) side to flat
Plate graphitic heater (2) plays the heater of conducting effect and connects seat (11), is positioned at passive of crucible (3) bottom
Pushing out ring (10)；Described vacuum distilling separation set (1) includes the condenser external member (6) being located in crucible (3) and is set in
The thermal insulation cover (7) in crucible (3) outside；Wherein:
Condenser external member (6) includes fractional distillation square position (8) and fractional distillation swash plate (9), and fractional distillation square position (8) upper disk surface (8.1) is put down
Whole and limit is provided with gear platform (8.2) makes card have certain depth, and this gear platform (8.2) height is less than plate edge height；Fractional distillation is oblique
Dish (9) upper disk surface is set to incline structure；Use at least two fractional distillation swash plate (9) and any stack combinations in some fractional distillation square positions 8,
The boss that the heavy stand arranged by its upper end inner ring between fractional distillation dish up and down and external bottom end are arranged mutually fastens, upper and lower fractional distillation dish
Card is symmetrically placed, passage one the S type air flue of composition formed between upper and lower fractional distillation dish.
2. high boiling point alloy discontinuous vacuum distilled furnace for separating as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: flat heating graphite
Body (2) disk center is provided with Y-connection point (2.1), and heating body disc is divided into three parts, often at Y-connection point
In a part of card, fluting forms resistance loop, is provided with electrode connecting hole (2.2) at every phase end.
3. high boiling point alloy discontinuous vacuum distilled furnace for separating as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: crucible (3) wall sets
It is equipped with draft angle, and on crucible (3), is provided with lifting button (3.1) and lifting groove (3.2)；The location of pot mouth it is provided with at mouth of pot
Groove (3.3)；The bottom of crucible is provided with boss (3.4) and is embedded in support ring (10), and graphite heater (2) directly acts on
Whole crucible bottom surface, makes crucible bottom fully enter heater (2) radiation scope.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107058766A (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2017-08-18 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of preparation method of high purity indium |
| CN107523696A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2017-12-29 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of internal heat type continuous vacuum rectifying furnace |
| CN107723472A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-02-23 | 湖南工业大学 | A kind of small intermittent-type reduction distillation device |
| CN108913899A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-11-30 | 中山大学 | A kind of device recycling metal and energy gas from waste and old solar panels |
| CN113846231A (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2021-12-28 | 昆明理工大学 | Vacuum gasification separation furnace for fractional volatilization |
| CN115418493A (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2022-12-02 | 昆明理工大学 | Device and method for purifying crude silver through vacuum gasification, directional condensation and secondary vacuum gasification |
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| CN203923333U (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2014-11-05 | 罗文洲 | Multifunctional resistance vacuum continuous still battery parting furnace |
| CN205839091U (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2016-12-28 | 昆明鼎邦科技有限公司 | High boiling point alloy discontinuous vacuum distilled furnace for separating |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107058766A (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2017-08-18 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of preparation method of high purity indium |
| CN107523696A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2017-12-29 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of internal heat type continuous vacuum rectifying furnace |
| CN107723472A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-02-23 | 湖南工业大学 | A kind of small intermittent-type reduction distillation device |
| CN108913899A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-11-30 | 中山大学 | A kind of device recycling metal and energy gas from waste and old solar panels |
| CN113846231A (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2021-12-28 | 昆明理工大学 | Vacuum gasification separation furnace for fractional volatilization |
| CN115418493A (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2022-12-02 | 昆明理工大学 | Device and method for purifying crude silver through vacuum gasification, directional condensation and secondary vacuum gasification |
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| CN105969997B (en) | 2017-10-24 |
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Address after: 650033, room 8410, Pioneer Building, 296 science and Technology Park, Xuefu Road, Kunming, Yunnan Applicant after: Kunming state Polytron Technologies Inc Address before: 650033 Yunnan University, Kunming Road, No. 296, Kunming University of Science and Technology science and Technology Park Venture Building, room 8410 Applicant before: Kunming Dingbang Technology Co., Ltd. |
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