CN105969997B - Higher boiling alloy discontinuous vacuum distilled furnace for separating - Google Patents
Higher boiling alloy discontinuous vacuum distilled furnace for separating Download PDFInfo
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- CN105969997B CN105969997B CN201610599648.4A CN201610599648A CN105969997B CN 105969997 B CN105969997 B CN 105969997B CN 201610599648 A CN201610599648 A CN 201610599648A CN 105969997 B CN105969997 B CN 105969997B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/02—Refining by liquating, filtering, centrifuging, distilling, or supersonic wave action including acoustic waves
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/04—Refining by applying a vacuum
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
Higher boiling alloy discontinuous vacuum distilled furnace for separating, including vacuum distillation separation set (1), crucible (3), flat graphite heater (2), electrode (4) and sealing furnace shell (5), the heater connecting seat (11) for playing conducting, the support ring (10) being located in stove；Condenser external member (6) and stay-warm case (7)；The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The vacuum distillation separation of the polynary higher boiling alloy including noble metal is realized in the way of vacuum distillation；Fractionation swash plate and square position are applied in combination, and fractionation swash plate makes impure metal steam backflow, and distillation is so as to increase steam purity repeatedly；Fractionation square position also allows the continuous condensate fractionation of steam while the volatile matter that condensation is obtained is collected；Fractionation disk is staggered installation of the condensation for being conducive to steam and the purity of volatile matter ensures；By changing the height of stay-warm case or the temperature of thickness regulation condensation external member, thermograde is formed, optionally condensing metal gas, obtains multiple condensed products.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of higher boiling alloy discontinuous vacuum distilled furnace for separating, available for many including noble metal
The vacuum distillation separation of first higher boiling alloy, belongs to Vacuum Metallurgy of Nonferrous Metals technology.
Background technology
Vacuum metallurgy industry realizes that the used capital equipment of alloy by vacuum distillation separation is vacuum distillation furnace, its charging side
Formula is divided into two kinds of feeding-in solid body and liquid feedstock, for the material handled using feeding-in solid body mode, it is impossible to realize continuous production,
The equipment used is higher boiling alloy discontinuous vacuum drying oven.After given power is issued to evaporating temperature, metal vapors is produced,
Condensation obtains metal or alloy on condenser.
A kind of vacuum distillation furnace for handling non-ferrous alloy slag charge is disclosed in patent CN204434697, for handling
The scoria that precious metals containing lead or your bismuth are obtained after liquation decoppering, can directly obtain the lead bismuth silver alloy and Kufil of metallic state, carry
The direct yield of noble metal has been risen, has shortened return period.But such a type of furnace only exists a temperature, the metal vapors of generation in stove
Condensed at the same temperature.Resulting condensate is still multicomponent alloy, separately need to be carried out using special vacuum separation stove
Separation, fails effectively to realize the vacuum distillation separation of alloy.The type of furnace can only handle precious metals containing lead or your bismuth simultaneously, it is impossible to adapt to a variety of
Material, it is impossible to polynary higher boiling alloy of the processing containing noble metal.Accordingly, it would be desirable to develop a kind of vacuum for handling higher boiling alloy
Separated stove, multiple condensed products are obtained by single flash, realize efficiently separating for higher boiling alloy.
The content of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of vacuum distillation point of higher boiling alloy discontinuous
From stove, the fractional condensation of multicomponent alloy is realized, the vacuum distillation point available for the polynary higher boiling alloy including noble metal
From.
To achieve the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme to realize：
Higher boiling alloy discontinuous vacuum distilled furnace for separating, including be located in stove vacuum distillation separation set, positioned at true
Crucible in empty separated external member, the flat graphite heater being located at below crucible, the electrode and bag for being located at bottom of furnace body
Sealing furnace shell outside body of heater, be located at electrode side flat graphite heater is served conducting heater connecting seat,
The support ring played a supportive role positioned at crucible bottom；The vacuum distillation separation set includes the condenser external member being located in crucible
With the stay-warm case being set on the outside of crucible；Wherein：
Condenser external member includes fractionation square position and fractionation swash plate, and fractionation square position upper disk surface is smooth and side makes disk provided with gear platform
Face has certain depth, and the gear platform is highly less than plate edge height；Fractionation swash plate upper disk surface is set to incline structure；Using at least two
Individual fractionation swash plate and some any stack combinations in fractionation square position, be fractionated up and down the heavy platform that is set between disk by its upper end inner ring and
The boss that external bottom end is set mutually is fastened, and the card that disk is fractionated up and down is in symmetrically placed, and what is formed up and down between fractionation disk is logical
Road constitutes a S type air flue.
The flat graphite heater disk center of the present invention is provided with a Y-connection point, and heating body disc is at Y-connection point
Three parts are divided into, fluting forms resistance loop in each section card, electrode connecting hole is provided with every phase end.
Crucible wall of the present invention is provided with draft angle, and provided with lifting button and lifting groove on crucible；It is provided with mouth of pot
The locating slot of pot mouth；The bottom of crucible is embedded in support ring provided with boss, and graphite heater directly acts on whole crucible bottom
Face, makes crucible bottom fully enter heater radiation scope.
The design principle of the present invention is as follows：Support ring passes through with crucible formation support ring cavity, flat graphite heater
Heater connecting seat and the electrode conduction for being located at furnace bottom bottom, are installed in support ring cavity, graphite heater is directly acted on
Whole crucible bottom surface, makes crucible bottom fully enter heater radiation scope.Condense the fractionation square position in external member and fractionation swash plate
The boss that the heavy platform and external bottom end set by its upper end inner ring is set mutually is fastened, stack combinations, is placed in crucible pot mouth
On locating slot, the card of disk is fractionated up and down in symmetrically placed, the passage formed between disk is fractionated up and down and constitutes a S type air flue.
Stay-warm case is placed on the outside of crucible and condensation external member, it is ensured that the temperature of crucible and liquid metal vapor, can be according to use stay-warm case
Superposition number changes its height and thickness, adjusts the temperature of condenser, insulation that can be to condenser selectivity, obtains multiple condensations
Product.
The heat that middle plateform formula graphite heater of the present invention is produced transfers heat to crucible by way of radiation, makes in crucible
Material melting.When reaching the boiling temperature of metallic element in material, metal vapors will be produced.The metal vapors of high temperature enters
The S type passages between disk are fractionated, according to the change of condensation external member combination, the passage that metal vapors is formed in condensation external member
In constantly condensate fractionation, lifted condensed product purity.Change each in the height or the number of plies of stay-warm case, regulation condensation external member
Be fractionated disk temperature, formed thermograde, can selectivity condensing metal gas, be conducive to from multicomponent liquid alloys separate
Go out various metals, expand condensation scope, obtain multiple condensed products.
It is an advantage of the invention that：1) polynary higher boiling alloy including noble metal is realized in the way of vacuum distillation
Vacuum distillation separation；2) fractionation swash plate and square position are applied in combination, and fractionation swash plate makes the backflow of impure metal steam, repeatedly distillation so as to
Increase steam purity；Fractionation square position also allows the continuous condensate fractionation of steam while the volatile matter that condensation is obtained is collected；It is fractionated disk
The purity for being staggered installation of the condensation for being conducive to steam and volatile matter ensures.3) adjust cold by changing the height or thickness of stay-warm case
The temperature of solidifying external member, forms thermograde, optionally condensing metal gas, obtains multiple condensed products.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is condensation external member schematic diagram in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is middle plateform formula graphite heater schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is crucible schematic diagram in the present invention；
In figure：1- vacuum distillations separation set, the flat graphite heaters of 2-, 2.1- Y-connections point, 2.2- electrodes connect
Meet hole, 3- crucibles, 3.1- liftings button, 3.2- liftings groove, 3.3- locating slots, 3.4- boss, 4- electrodes, 5- sealings furnace shell, 6- cold
Condenser external member, 7- stay-warm cases, 8- fractionation square position, 8.1- upper disk surfaces, 8.2- gears platform, 9- fractionation swash plate, 10- support rings, 11- heatings
Body connecting seat.
Embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description, the invention will be further described.
As shown in figure 1, higher boiling alloy discontinuous vacuum distilled furnace for separating is by vacuum distillation separation set 1, positioned at vacuum
Crucible 3 in separated external member 1, the flat graphite heater 2 for being located at the lower section of crucible 3, the and of electrode 4 for being located at bottom of furnace body
The sealing furnace shell 5 outside body of heater is wrapped to constitute.Vacuum distillation separation set 1 includes the condenser external member 6 being located in crucible 3 and set
Stay-warm case 7 in the outside of crucible 3.
As shown in Fig. 2 the condensation external member of the present invention is formed by some fractionation square positions 8 and the fractionation stack combinations of swash plate 9.If when
During any stack combinations of dry different or same type fractionation disk, the boss by being fractionated plate edge between disk is fractionated up and down
Mutually fastened with heavy platform, the passage that disk is fractionated up and down constitutes a S type air flue.The air flue makes steam path elongated, makes impure steaming
Vapour flows back, distills to increase steam-purity value repeatedly repeatedly；Fractionation square position 8 also allows while the volatile matter that condensation is obtained is collected
The continuous condensate fractionation of steam；Fractionation is intertwining opens installation and forms it into air flue, is conducive to condensation and the volatile matter of volatile matter steam
Purity ensures.Fractionation swash plate 9 makes low temperature, impure steam is back to crucible again after condensing or is fractionated in square position, and pure,
The steam of high temperature then smoothly passes through air flue so that single flash obtains multiple product.The metal of splashing can also come back to
In the crucible of bottom.Solve not pure steam volatilization condensation, backflow；The condensation of metallic vapour；What boiling splatter was caused waves
The problem of stimulating food quality is relatively low and volatile matter pollutes.
As shown in figure 3, flat graphite heater 2 includes heater disc main body, the star positioned at heater disk center connects
Contact 2.1, is located at the electrode connecting hole 2.2 on heating body disc；Heater disc main body is divided into three-phase at Y-connection point,
Fluting forms resistance loop on per phase card, and electrode connecting hole is located at the end of every phase.
Flat graphite heater 2 is turned on by heater connecting seat 11 with being located at the electrode 4 of furnace bottom bottom, is installed on branch
In pushing out ring cavity, graphite heater 2 directly acts on whole crucible bottom surface, crucible bottom is fully entered the radiation model of heater 2
Enclose.
As shown in figure 4, the wall of crucible 3 is provided with draft angle, and provided with lifting button 3.1 and lifting groove 3.2 on crucible 3,
In locating slot 3.3 of the mouth of pot provided with pot mouthful, the bottom of crucible is embedded in support ring 10 provided with boss 3.4.
According to the property and the expected fractionating effect reached of metal vapors in processing material, it is determined that being fractionated in condensation external member 6
Square position 8 and the combination of fractionation swash plate 9.Stay-warm case 7 is placed in the outside of condensation external member 6, according to condensation each condensation segment temperature of 6 pairs of external member
The requirement of degree, it is determined that the superposition number of used stay-warm case, changes its height and thickness, can adjust the temperature of condenser, to cold
The insulation of condenser selectivity, reaches the temperature of technological requirement, obtains multiple condensed products.
Embodiment 1
It is In16.6% by raw material main component, Sn44%, Pb18.39%, As14.68% alloy is placed in crucible 3.
From feedstock analysis, this material can obtain four kinds of purer products in the case of fractionation preferably.It is i.e. thick tin, thick indium, lead bullion, thick
Arsenic.To realize that In, Pb, As element are separated with Sn, crucible temperature need to be higher than 1800 DEG C；But As contents are higher in raw material, As easily with
Other element formation compounds in raw material, its decomposition temperature is higher (1500 DEG C of ＞), and the relatively low (＜ 100 of elemental arsenic condensation temperature
℃).First layer makes Sn preferably flow back to third layer using fractionation swash plate 9, and In, Pb, As steam evaporated is passed through,
Reach condenser zone；4th layer uses to the 8th layer using square position 8, layer 6 is fractionated to layer 5 and is fractionated swash plate 9, and this region is
The condenser zone of indium, crucible is to the 8th layer of disk is fractionated using two layers of insulation, and part Pb, the As for condensing this region can be by two
Secondary evaporation is separated again.9th layer to the tenth layer uses fractionation square position 8, and eleventh floor to Floor 12 uses fractionation swash plate 9, this
Region is the condenser zone of lead, and the part As condensed in this region can again be separated by double evaporation-cooling.13rd layer of use point
The 8, the 14th layer to the 17th layer of square position is evaporated using fractionation swash plate 9, and adds top seal, and this region is the condenser zone of arsenic.This
Region is not added with insulation, and makes top cover close to water cooled furnace body, to obtain cryogenic condensation region.
Using above-mentioned condensation external member combination and heat preserving mode, control vacuum drying oven vacuum 20Pa, 1850 DEG C~
It is evaporated in vacuo at 1950 DEG C.Residue composition is obtained for Sn ＞ 97%, In~0.5%, Pb~0.1%, As~0.5%,
The direct yield of tin is 94.5%；The thick indium composition of volatile matter is In ＞ 98%, and Pb~0.6%, Sn ＜ 0.4%, the direct yield of indium exists
More than 95%；Volatile matter lead bullion composition is Pb99%, In~0.2%, Sn ＜ 0.05%.Volatile matter crude arsenic composition is As ＞
97%, Pb ＜ 1%, In ＜ 0.1%, the direct yield of arsenic is 96%.
Embodiment 2
It is Cu18.48% by raw material main component, Ag65.11%, Pb9.82% alloy is placed in crucible 3, from raw material
Analysis, this material can obtain 3 kinds of purer products in the case of fractionation preferably.That is blister copper, thick silver, lead bullion.To realize Ag, Pb
Element is separated with Cu, and crucible temperature need to be higher than 1900 DEG C.First layer makes Cu preferably flow back to third layer using fractionation swash plate 9,
Ag, Pb steam evaporated is passed through, and reaches condenser zone；4th layer uses fractionation square position 8 to layer 6, and layer 7 is extremely
8th layer uses fractionation swash plate 9, and this region is silver-colored condenser zone, and crucible to the 8th layer of disk of fractionation is made using two layers of insulation
The part Pb of this region condensation can again be separated by double evaporation-cooling.9th layer to eleventh floor using fractionation square position 8, the 12nd
Layer, using fractionation swash plate 9, and adds top seal to the 13rd layer, and this region is the condenser zone of lead, the 9th layer of disk of fractionation to the
13 layers are used Single-layer Insulation.
Using above-mentioned condensation external member combination and heat preserving mode, control vacuum drying oven vacuum 20Pa, 1950 DEG C~
It is evaporated in vacuo at 2050 DEG C.Residue composition is obtained for Cu~99%, Ag~0.2%, Pb~0.1%, wherein copper is straight
Yield is 96%；The thick silver-colored composition of volatile matter is Ag ＞ 98%, Cu ＜ 0.2%, Pb ＜ 1%, and silver-colored direct yield is more than 95%；Wave
Stimulating food lead bullion composition is Ag ＜ 1%, Cu ＜ 0.2%, Pb ＞ 97%, and the direct yield of lead is 97%.
Embodiment 3
It is Ag83% by raw material main component, Sn17% alloy is placed in crucible 3, first layer to layer 6 uses fractionation
Swash plate 9 makes Sn preferably flow back, and layer 7 to Floor 12 adds top seal using fractionation square position 8, is the condensing zone of silver
Domain.Crucible is to disk layer 6 is fractionated using three layers of insulation, and layer 7 to Floor 12 uses Single-layer Insulation.
Using above-mentioned condensation external member combination and heat preserving mode, control vacuum drying oven vacuum 20Pa, 1750 DEG C~
It is evaporated in vacuo at 1850 DEG C.Residue composition is obtained for Sn~99.9%, Ag~0.02%, the direct yield of wherein tin is
99%；The thick silver-colored composition of volatile matter is Ag ＞ 99%, Sn ＜ 1%, and silver-colored direct yield is more than 99.9%.
Claims (3)
1. higher boiling alloy discontinuous vacuum distilled furnace for separating, it is characterized in that：Including the vacuum distillation separation set being located in stove
(1) crucible (3), in vacuum distillation separation set (1), the flat graphite heater (2) being located at below crucible (3),
It is located at the sealing furnace shell (5) outside body of heater of electrode (4) and bag of bottom of furnace body, is located at electrode (4) side to flat graphite
Heater connecting seat (11) that heater (2) plays conducting, the support ring (10) played a supportive role positioned at crucible (3) bottom；
The vacuum distillation separation set (1) includes the condenser external member (6) being located in crucible (3) and is set on the outside of crucible (3)
Stay-warm case (7)；Wherein：
Condenser external member (6) includes fractionation square position (8) and fractionation swash plate (9), is fractionated square position (8) upper disk surface (8.1) smooth and side
Make card that there is certain depth provided with gear platform (8.2), the gear platform (8.2) is highly less than plate edge height；It is fractionated on swash plate (9)
Card is set to incline structure；Using at least two fractionation swash plates (9) and any stack combinations in some fractionation square positions 8, it is fractionated up and down
The boss that the heavy platform and external bottom end set between disk by its upper end inner ring is set mutually is fastened, and the card that disk is fractionated up and down is in
It is symmetrically placed, the passage formed between disk is fractionated up and down constitutes a S type air flue.
2. higher boiling alloy discontinuous vacuum distilled furnace for separating as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：Flat heating graphite
Body (2) disk center is provided with a Y-connection point (2.1), and heating body disc is divided into three parts at Y-connection point, every
Fluting forms resistance loop in a part of card, and electrode connecting hole (2.2) is provided with every phase end.
3. higher boiling alloy discontinuous vacuum distilled furnace for separating as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：Crucible (3) wall is set
Draft angle is equipped with, and provided with lifting button (3.1) and lifting groove (3.2) on crucible (3)；In locating slot of the mouth of pot provided with pot mouthful
(3.3)；The bottom of crucible is embedded in support ring (10) provided with boss (3.4), and graphite heater (2) directly acts on whole earthenware
Crucible bottom surface, makes crucible bottom fully enter heater (2) radiation scope.
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| CN107058766A (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2017-08-18 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of preparation method of high purity indium |
| CN107523696B (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2022-12-23 | 昆明理工大学 | Internal heating type continuous vacuum rectifying furnace |
| CN107723472A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-02-23 | 湖南工业大学 | A kind of small intermittent-type reduction distillation device |
| CN108913899A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-11-30 | 中山大学 | A kind of device recycling metal and energy gas from waste and old solar panels |
| CN113846231A (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2021-12-28 | 昆明理工大学 | Vacuum gasification separation furnace for fractional volatilization |
| CN115418493A (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2022-12-02 | 昆明理工大学 | Device and method for purifying crude silver through vacuum gasification, directional condensation and secondary vacuum gasification |
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