CN205786199U - A kind of soil-column test device for simulating solute transfer in consolidated soil - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of soil-column test device for simulating solute transfer in consolidated soil, this device mainly includes pressurize consolidation device and earth pillar seepage apparatus.Described pressurization consolidation device is mainly controlled pressurization disk soil sample applying pressure in earth pillar by air compressor machine and cylinder and is allowed to consolidate.Use earth pillar seepage apparatus that the soil sample after consolidation is carried out seepage tests again, this device can ensure that by controlling the placing height of geneva bottle the head on earth pillar top keeps definite value, thus control earth pillar pore water and migrate in consolidation soil under conditions of head keeps necessarily, pollutant migration diffusing phenomenon in consolidated soil under head condition are determined in simulation.

Description

A kind of soil-column test device for simulating solute transfer in consolidated soil

Technical field

This utility model relates to a kind of soil-column test device for simulating solute transfer in consolidated soil, can be Determine under head condition, to carry out the test of solute transfer in consolidated soil.

Background technology

The pollutant emission of modernized society causes underground water pollution serious.After the pollutant of surface discharge dissolve Along with rainfall infiltration enters subsoil water, along with the migration diffusion of groundwater flow direction, groundwater environment is caused Destroy, affect vegeto-animal living environment, and progressively corrode the ground of building, affect human society and build The safety of thing.Therefore, the research of soil solute transport has become as the important research class of environmental geotechnical Topic.Soil-column test is the important method carrying out soil solute transport research.

Carry out at present soil-column test both at home and abroad when carrying out soil solute transport simulation, general use to circle organic The earth pillar that glass is made manually loads soil sample, injects above the solution containing polluter from earth pillar, at soil Transudate is collected for experimental analysis below post.The shortcoming of the method is: (1) experimental result is by man's activity Relatively big because soil density has an inhomogeneity in the earth pillar of artificial filling, and artificial filling earth pillar is time-consuming takes Power；(2) experiment is limited to the kind of soil, can only be suitable for that the artificial garbled component of part is single and saturated yielding The soil (such as sand, gravel soil etc.) that property is poor, it is impossible to polluter in consolidated soil under simulating natural condition Transport conditions.(3) during pollutant solution sample introduction, infiltration rate is unstable.

For solving the problems referred to above, this utility model provides a kind of simulating pollution solution natural soil after consolidation The soil-column test device of middle Migration mark.

Utility model content

The purpose of this utility model is for the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that one is used for simulating consolidated soil The soil-column test device of middle solute transfer, it can be simulated and determine natural in consolidation of polluter under head condition Transport conditions in soil.

Soil-column test device for simulating solute transfer in consolidated soil of the present utility model, presses solidly including adding Knot device and earth pillar seepage apparatus；Described pressurization consolidation device consolidates for earth pillar sample carries out pressurization, Including air operated reversing valve, cylinder, piston rod, pressurization disk, counter-force screw rod, base, precision pressure gauge, height Air pipe, air vent valve, reaction beam, clamp nut and the first permeable stone, high-pressure air pipe one end connects sky Press, one end and cylinders, cylinder top is provided with air operated reversing valve and air vent valve, precision pressure gauge Being connected to cylinder top and monitor cylinder pressure in real time, cylinder is placed on reaction beam, and piston rod upper end is positioned at In cylinder, lower end is connected with pressurization disk through reaction beam and end by clamp nut, and pressurization disk is placed in first On permeable stone, the first permeable stone be placed in test earth pillar on, counter-force screw rod upper end is fixed with reaction beam, lower end and Base is fixed；

Described earth pillar seepage apparatus is for carrying out seepage tests, including geneva to the earth pillar sample after pressurization consolidation Bottle, water pipe, water intaking valve, upper rubber cushion, silica gel collar, flange circle, base plate, upper cover plate, test specimen tube, on Bonnet bolt, flange bolt, the second permeable stone, exhalant canal and outlet, water pipe one end connects geneva bottle, The other end is connected with upper cover plate, and upper cover plate is provided with water intaking valve, by upper rubber cushion and test specimen tube bottom upper cover plate Contacting, test specimen tube bottom and contacts baseplate, upper cover plate is connected with base plate by upper bonnet bolt, outside test specimen tube Being provided with flange circle week, use therebetween silica gel collar to be connected, flange circle is connected with base plate by flange bolt, Placing the second permeable stone bottom test specimen tube, base plate is provided with exhalant canal and outlet.

Being entered in cylinder by high-pressure air pipe by output gas by air compressor machine during pressurization consolidation, cylinder passes through piston Bar pushes down on pressurization disk, and soil sample is loaded in earth pillar sleeve, and it is equipped with the first permeable stone, and pressurization disk is On one permeable stone, the applying of the soil sample in earth pillar pressure is allowed to consolidate；Cylinder top is provided with air vent valve and essence Close Pressure gauge, is used for regulating the pressure in pressurization disk and makes up to certain value；Go back in pressurization disk or on piston rod A dial gauge or amesdial can be disposed, be used for measuring pressurization disk displacement.Earth pillar after consolidation is placed in soil In post seepage apparatus, after loading a certain amount of deionized water in geneva bottle, it is placed on certain level height, Collect the deionized water that the outlet from base plate flows out, the infiltration coefficient of the soil body after calculating consolidation； The most again in geneva bottle, load a certain amount of pollutant solution and be placed on certain level height, by beating Open or close the outlet closing on base plate, be diffused or mechanical dispersion test, according to correlation formula, calculate Go out diffusion coefficient and the mechanical dispersion coefficient of the soil body after consolidating.

Device of the present utility model uses air compressor machine to produce gas pressure intensity, is applied earth pillar by circular pressurization disk Pressure, can accelerate soil consolidation process.Utilize geneva bottle to control earth pillar pore water and keep certain at head Under the conditions of allow pollutant solution migrate in consolidation soil, simulation determines under head condition pollutant in consolidated soil Migration diffusing phenomenon.In addition an air compressor machine can be connected with multiple pressurization consolidation device, it is achieved will be many Group soil sample consolidates simultaneously.This utility model can control earth pillar inner pore water penetration pressure by geneva bottle and keep definite value Constant.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of pressurization consolidation device；

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of soil infiltration device；

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of geneva bottle；

Fig. 4 is earth pillar tube-in-tube structure schematic diagram.

Detailed description of the invention

The utility model is described in further detail with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figure 1, described pressurization consolidation device includes air operated reversing valve 1-1, cylinder 1-2, piston rod 1-3, pressurization disk 1-4, counter-force screw rod 1-5, base 1-6, precision pressure gauge 1-7, high-pressure air pipe 1-8, gas Dynamic pressure regulator valve 1-9, reaction beam 1-10, clamp nut 1-11 and the first permeable stone 1-12, high-pressure air pipe 1-8 One end connects air compressor machine, and one end is connected with cylinder 1-2, and it is gentle that cylinder 1-2 top is provided with air operated reversing valve 1-1 Dynamic pressure regulator valve 1-9, precision pressure gauge 1-7 are connected to cylinder 1-2 top, and cylinder 1-2 is placed in reaction beam 1-10 On, piston rod 1-3 upper end is positioned at cylinder 1-2, and clamp nut is passed through through reaction beam 1-10 end in lower end 1-11 is connected with pressurization disk 1-4, and pressurization disk 1-4 is placed in the first permeable stone 1-12 (being positioned on test earth pillar), Counter-force screw rod 1-5 fixes with reaction beam 1-10 upper end, and counter-force screw rod 1-5 lower end is fixed on base 1-6 upper surface.

As shown in accompanying drawing 2,3 and 4, described soil infiltration device includes geneva bottle 3, water pipe 4-1, water intaking valve 4-2, upper rubber cushion 4-3, silica gel collar 4-4, flange circle 4-5, base plate 4-6, upper cover plate 4-7, test specimen tube 4-8, Upper bonnet bolt 4-9, flange bolt 4-10, the second permeable stone 4-11, exhalant canal 4-12 and outlet 4-13, Water pipe 4-1 one end connect geneva bottle 3, the other end is connected with upper cover plate 4-7, upper cover plate 4-7 be arranged above with into Water valve 4-2, is contacted with test specimen tube 4-8 by upper rubber cushion 4-3 bottom upper cover plate 4-7, test specimen tube 4-8 bottom Contacting with base plate 4-6, upper cover plate 4-7 is connected with base plate 4-6 by upper bonnet bolt 4-9, outside test specimen tube 4-8 Being provided with flange circle 4-5 week, be connected by silica gel collar 4-4 therebetween, flange circle 4-5 passes through flange bolt 4-10 is connected with base plate 4-6, and the second permeable stone 4-11 is placed in bottom test specimen tube 4-8, and base plate 4-6 is provided with out Aquaporin-4-12 and outlet 4-13.

Device of the present utility model can be used for the coefficient of consolidation in soil-column test, infiltration coefficient, pollutant diffusion coefficient, The isoparametric measurement of mechanical dispersion coefficient, carries out the skill of natural soil consolidation below to application this utility model device Art scheme illustrates.

According to testing program and purpose, need to inject soil sample to be tested, soil sample to test specimen tube 4-8 according to test The second permeable stone 4-11 is placed in bottom, and soil sample top is reserved certain space and put the first permeable stone 1-12, then will Earth pillar is placed in the rigid base 1-6 central authorities of pressurization consolidation system, the underface of piston rod 1-3.According to test mesh Regulation air vent valve 1-9 regulate to convenient pressure, stir air operated reversing valve 1-1 and make piston rod 1-3 decline Pressurize above the first permeable stone 1-12.Piston rod 1-3 installs a displacement amesdial, and by position The magnetic bases moving amesdial are fixed on reaction beam 1-10, may determine that piston rod 1-3 by amesdial reading Displacement.

(1) mensuration of soil sample consolidation compression curve

Take certain mass soil sample to be measured and the deionized water according to the calculated respective amount of saturated aqueous rate, be placed in Mix and blend in de-airing mixer.After vacuum stirring 4 hours, earth pillar upper cartridge lid is taken off, at soil Lower permeable stone 4-11 is placed in column bottom, then is loaded in soil sample sleeve (Fig. 4) by obtained mud, and soil sample top is put Putting upper dankness stone 1-12, stand 1 day, after deadweight draining, the counterweight using 2 pieces of weight 1.275kg is pre-to soil sample Press 1 day.Being placed in by earth pillar below the piston rod in pressurization consolidation device, regulation air vent valve makes Pressure gauge Reading on 3-7, to required pressure registration, is then stirred air operated reversing valve 1-1 and is made piston rod move down, with Upper dankness stone 1-12 is fully contacted, subsequently according to following time series record amesdial reading.Time is: 0s, 6s、15s、1min、2min、4min、6min、9min、12min、16min、20min、25min、30min、 36min, 42min, 49min, 64min, 100min, 200min, 400min, 23h, 24h, until examination Sample height deforms per hour and reaches 0.01mm.Need soil sample is pressurizeed step by step according to test.According to " soil Work test method standard (GB/T 50123-1999) calculates void ratio and the degree of consolidation, and draws soil sample compression song Line, obtains the coefficient of consolidation.

(2) infiltration coefficient is measured

After pressurization consolidation, stir air operated reversing valve 1-1 and make piston rod 1-3 increase, remove earth pillar sleeve, by upper rubber cushion 4-3 is placed on above test specimen tube 4-8, is placed on by upper cover plate 4-7 above test specimen tube 4-8, bonnet bolt in fastening 4-9.Open geneva bottle (Fig. 3) air bleeding valve 3-2, filled in geneva bottle by geneva bottle water inlet 3-1 Ionized water, is then turned off geneva bottle air bleeding valve 3-2.According to shown in Fig. 2 by the water at geneva bottle apopore 3-6 Pipe 3-7 is connected with the water inlet of the upper cover plate 4-7 of earth pillar sleeve.According to the head height required for test, will Geneva bottle is placed on the position of certain altitude, and geneva bottle central air vents 3-5 with the distance of sample upper surface is Head height for test.Flow liquid collected out by outlet 4-13 beaker at earth pillar sleeve, determines flow liquid Quality, flowing-out time and go out the electrical conductivity of flow liquid, after conductivity value is stable, terminate drip washing.According to test Result solves the coefficient of permeability K of corresponding head, and the computing formula of coefficient of permeability K is as follows:

$K=\frac{m_1{L}_1}{3600HAt}---\left(1\right)$

In formula, K represents infiltration coefficient, cm/s；m₁Represent flow liquid quality, g；L₁Represent soil sample height, cm；H represents head difference, m；A represents soil sample tube floor space, cm²；T represents flowing-out time, h.

(3) diffusion coefficient D * is measured

Ion diffusion property in soil is typically tested by the one-dimensional diffusion test of inert ion, this theory Bright as a example by chloride ion by earth pillar cylinder lower end outlet 4-13 clamp, anhydrous outflow, by geneva bottle Deionized water change NaCl solution into.After certain time (t), soil sample is taken out from cylinder, take axis with cutting ring Soil sample is cut into slices, and takes about 1g soil sample and put in conical flask in every soil sample, dries, weighs.To cone Shape bottle adds the water of the quality of soil sample 40 times own, vibrates 1 hour.By in conical flask mixed liquor move into from Heart pipe, centrifugal 10 minutes.Take the supernatant of centrifugal Herba potentillae fulgentis, measure Cl in supernatant with anion chromatographic instrument^- Concentration.The solute concentration C that test obtains at different depth z in pore water, draws according to by formula 2 inverse Solute effective diffusion cofficient D* (Sharma and Reddy, 2004) in soil.

$\frac{C(z,t)}{C_0}=\frac{1}{2}\[erfc\left(\frac{{\mathrm{zR}}_d-v_{s}t}{2\sqrt{(D^{*}+D_M)R_{d}t}}\right)+\exp \frac{v_{s}z}{D^{*}+D_M}erfc\left(\frac{{\mathrm{zR}}_d+v_{s}t}{2\sqrt{(D^{*}+D_M)R_{d}t}}\right)\]---\left(2\right)$

Wherein z is slice depth (m), and t is the time (s), R_dFor block characteristics (inert ion is 1), v_s For flow velocity (m/s) (being 0m/s under this test situation), D_MFor mechanical dispersion coefficient (under this test situation it is 0m/s).D* and the formula 3 tried to achieve according to above formula are calculated bend factor τ_a。

D*=τ_aD₀ (3)

Wherein D₀For ion diffusion coefficient in Free water, it is known that chloride ion D₀=20.3 × 10^-10m²/s (25℃)。

(4) machinery dispersion coefficient D is measured_MWith spread α_l。

After having measured infiltration coefficient, opening earth pillar sleeve lower end outlet valve 4-13, solute is in soil sample Lower migration is jointly acted on through convection current, diffusion and mechanical dispersion.After certain time t, soil sample is taken out from cylinder, use Solute concentration C in pore water at above-mentioned same method test different depth z.Further according to formula 2 and D_M=α_lv_sInstead Calculate and obtain solute vertical dispersivity α in soil_l。

(5) block characteristics R is measured_d

After obtaining consolidating the parameters such as the infiltration coefficient of soil sample, bend factor and vertical dispersivity, take identical solid The soil sample obtained under the conditions of knot, changes the solion with adsorptivity into by the inert ion solution in geneva bottle, Carry out one-dimensional diffusion or convection-dispersion test.Soil sample is taken out after carrying out certain time t from cylinder by test, uses Solute concentration C in pore water at above-mentioned same method test different depth z.By the bend factor obtained, root This ion effective diffusion cofficient D in consolidation soil sample can be calculated according to formula 3^*；In conjunction with vertical dispersivity With the percolation flow velocity under different head condition, according to formula 2, concentration profile is carried out inverting and can get different heads Under the conditions of block characteristics R_d。

Above-mentioned detailed description of the invention is used for illustrating this utility model rather than limiting this utility model System, in spirit of the present utility model and scope of the claims, that makes this utility model is any Modifications and changes, both fall within protection domain of the present utility model.

Claims (2)

1. for simulating the soil-column test device of solute transfer in consolidated soil, including pressurization consolidation device and Earth pillar seepage apparatus；Described pressurization consolidation device for carrying out pressurization consolidation to earth pillar sample, including pneumatic Reversal valve (1-1), cylinder (1-2), piston rod (1-3), pressurization disk (1-4), counter-force screw rod (1-5), Base (1-6), precision pressure gauge (1-7), high-pressure air pipe (1-8), air vent valve (1-9), reaction beam (1-10), clamp nut (1-11) and the first permeable stone (1-12), high-pressure air pipe (1-8) one end connection sky Press, one end is connected with cylinder (1-2), and it is gentle that cylinder (1-2) top is provided with air operated reversing valve (1-1) Dynamic pressure regulator valve (1-9), precision pressure gauge (1-7) is connected to cylinder (1-2) top and monitors cylinder in real time Pressure, cylinder (1-2) is placed on reaction beam (1-10), and piston rod (1-3) upper end is positioned at cylinder (1-2) In, clamp nut (1-11) and pressurization disk (1-4) phase are passed through through reaction beam (1-10) and end in lower end Even, pressurization disk (1-4) is placed on the first permeable stone (1-12), and the first permeable stone is placed on test earth pillar, Counter-force screw rod (1-5) upper end is fixed with reaction beam (1-10), and lower end is fixed with base (1-6)；

Described earth pillar seepage apparatus is for carrying out seepage tests, including geneva to the earth pillar sample after pressurization consolidation Bottle (3), water pipe (4-1), water intaking valve (4-2), upper rubber cushion (4-3), silica gel collar (4-4), flange circle (4-5), base plate (4-6), upper cover plate (4-7), test specimen tube (4-8), upper bonnet bolt (4-9), flange spiral shell Bolt (4-10), the second permeable stone (4-11), exhalant canal (4-12) and outlet (4-13), water pipe (4-1) One end connects geneva bottle (3), and the other end is connected with upper cover plate (4-7), and upper cover plate (4-7) is provided with into water Valve (4-2), upper cover plate (4-7) bottom is contacted with test specimen tube (4-8) by upper rubber cushion (4-3), sample Cylinder (4-8) bottom contacts with base plate (4-6), and upper cover plate (4-7) is by upper bonnet bolt (4-9) and base plate (4-6) being connected, test specimen tube (4-8) periphery is provided with flange circle (4-5), uses therebetween silica gel collar (4-4) Being connected, flange circle (4-5) is connected with base plate (4-6) by flange bolt (4-10), test specimen tube (4-8) The second permeable stone (4-11) is placed in bottom, and base plate (4-6) is provided with exhalant canal (4-12) and outlet (4-13).

Soil-column test device for simulating solute transfer in consolidated soil the most according to claim 1, It is characterized in that, described pressurization disk or piston rod are mounted with a dial gauge or amesdial, are used for surveying The displacement of amount pressurization disk.